{"id":7014,"date":"2024-07-17T21:42:11","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T19:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?p=7014"},"modified":"2024-07-17T21:42:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T19:42:25","slug":"zamotany-pribeh-tropickeho-dne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/2024\/07\/17\/zamotany-pribeh-tropickeho-dne\/","title":{"rendered":"Zamotan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh tropick\u00e9ho dne"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7014\" class=\"elementor elementor-7014\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1664378 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1664378\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-acb6642\" data-id=\"acb6642\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5848be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5848be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0klimatologii, ale i v\u00a0operativn\u00ed meteorologii se n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tzv. charakteristick\u00e9 dny, ve kter\u00fdch ur\u010dit\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd prvek dos\u00e1hl nebo naopak nedos\u00e1hl ur\u010dit\u00e9 hodnoty (pop\u0159. se vyskytl nebo naopak nevyskytl ur\u010dit\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd jev). Jednou ze zaveden\u00fdch prahov\u00fdch hodnot denn\u00edho maxima teploty vzduchu je 30,0 \u00b0C. Jak se m\u00e1 den, kdy byla tato hodnota dosa\u017eena nebo p\u0159ekro\u010dena, naz\u00fdvat?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Meteorologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk v\u00fdkladov\u00fd a terminologick\u00fd (1993) takov\u00fd den ozna\u010doval jako <em>tropick\u00fd den<\/em>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obdobn\u00e9 term\u00edny byly uv\u00e1d\u011bny jako ekvivalenty v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch jazyc\u00edch (anglicky <em>tropical day<\/em>, n\u011bmecky <em>Tropentag <\/em>, pop\u0159. <em>tropischer Tag<\/em> apod.). Term\u00edn <em>den tropick\u00fd<\/em> toti\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed ji\u017e B. Hrudi\u010dka ve sv\u00e9m Meteorologick\u00e9m n\u00e1zvoslov\u00ed (Hrudi\u010dka 1941), odkud z\u0159ejm\u011b auto\u0159i zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho slovn\u00edku term\u00edn p\u0159evzali. Tuto verzi p\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159evzal i Elektronick\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk (online) spravovan\u00fd \u010ceskou meteorologickou spole\u010dnost\u00ed (\u010cMeS).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pot\u00ed\u017e nastane, pokud ekvivalenty hled\u00e1me v\u00a0meteorologick\u00fdch slovn\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch jazyk\u016f. Glossary of Meteorology (online) Americk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti takov\u00fd term\u00edn neuv\u00e1d\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako dosud posledn\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed slovn\u00edku Britsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby (Meteorological glossary 1991). V\u00a0angli\u010dtin\u011b toti\u017e takov\u00fd term\u00edn zjevn\u011b neexistuje (na rozd\u00edl od \u201esestersk\u00e9ho\u201c term\u00ednu <em>tropical night<\/em>).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Wetter- und Klimalexikon (online) heslo <em>Tropentag <\/em>odkazuje na <em>hei\u00dfer Tag <\/em>[hork\u00fd den], kter\u00fd tomuto vymezen\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1, s\u00a0pozn\u00e1mkou, \u00a0\u017ee d\u0159\u00edve byl <em>hork\u00fd den<\/em> rovn\u011b\u017e ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako <em>tropick\u00fd<\/em>. Ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd Meyers kleines Lexikon Meteorologie (1987) uv\u00e1d\u00ed <em>Tropentag <\/em>v\u00fdslovn\u011b jako zastaral\u00fd term\u00edn pro <em>hei\u00dfer Tag<\/em>. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce se k\u00a0p\u016fvodu t\u011bchto dvou term\u00edn\u016f dozv\u00edme ve star\u0161\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00e9m slovn\u00edku Handw\u00f6rterbuch der Meteorologie (Keil 1950). Jeho autor tam v\u00a0hesle <em>Tropentage <\/em>p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eJako <em>tropick\u00e9 dny<\/em> pojmenoval Dove dny s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou (!) teplotou \u2265 25 \u00b0C, av\u0161ak Hellmann upozornil, \u017ee tento n\u00e1zev je zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, a proto takov\u00e9 dny pojmenoval <em>hork\u00e9<\/em>.\u201c Je vhodn\u00e9 upozornit, \u017ee H. W. Dove \u017eil v\u00a0letech 1803\u20131879, G. J. G. Hellmann pak 1854\u20131939\u2026<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00a0t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f p\u0159ikro\u010dila terminologick\u00e1 skupina \u010cMeS v\u00a0roce 2020 k\u00a0zaveden\u00ed term\u00ednu <em>hork\u00fd den<\/em> s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee term\u00edn <em>tropick\u00fd den<\/em> byl ponech\u00e1n jako legitimn\u00ed synonymum. Tato zm\u011bna se ov\u0161em nesetkala s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm ohlasem, proto nyn\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00edme s\u00a0kompromisn\u00edm n\u00e1vrhem: p\u0159i dosa\u017een\u00ed \u010di p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed prahov\u00e9 hodnoty denn\u00edho maxima teploty vzduchu 30,0 \u00b0C mluvme nad\u00e1le o <em>tropick\u00e9m dni<\/em>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e <em>hork\u00fd den<\/em> bude nad\u0159azen\u00fdm term\u00ednem bez p\u0159esn\u00e9ho vymezen\u00ed ur\u010ditou hodnotou, proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vymezen nejen absolutn\u00edm prahem, n\u00fdbr\u017e i nap\u0159. hodnotou ur\u010dit\u00e9ho percentilu rozd\u011blen\u00ed denn\u00edch maxim teploty vzduchu. V\u00a0angli\u010dtin\u011b je v\u0161ak d\u016fsledn\u011b nutno term\u00edn <em>tropick\u00fd den<\/em> opsat jako <em>day with air temperature maximum \u2265 30 \u00b0C<\/em>. Obdobn\u011b postupujme i v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b p\u0159i ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dn\u00ed, kdy maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota dos\u00e1hne \u010di p\u0159es\u00e1hne ur\u010ditou je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotu, nap\u0159. 35 \u00b0C (<em>den s\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotou nejm\u00e9n\u011b 35 \u00b0C<\/em>).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">RNDr. Miloslav M\u00fcller, Ph.D., vedouc\u00ed terminologick\u00e9 skupiny \u010cMeS<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00a0klimatologii, ale i v\u00a0operativn\u00ed meteorologii se n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tzv. charakteristick\u00e9 dny, ve kter\u00fdch ur\u010dit\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd prvek dos\u00e1hl nebo naopak nedos\u00e1hl ur\u010dit\u00e9 hodnoty (pop\u0159. se vyskytl nebo naopak nevyskytl ur\u010dit\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","entry","has-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7014"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7019,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7014\/revisions\/7019"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}