{"id":9654,"date":"2024-12-27T10:42:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T09:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=9654"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:49:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T09:49:00","slug":"prezentace-meteorologickych-predpovedi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/prezentace-meteorologickych-predpovedi\/","title":{"rendered":"PREZENTACE METEOROLOGICK\u00ddCH P\u0158EDPO\u00adV\u011aD\u00cd"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9654\" class=\"elementor elementor-9654\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd4cdd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd4cdd2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de911f9\" data-id=\"de911f9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50b3ac5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50b3ac5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se chci stru\u010dn\u011b zamyslet nad r\u016fzn\u00fdmi aspekty sd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm. Je to dost slo\u017eit\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Ti, kdo vstupuj\u00ed do procesu sd\u011b\u00adlov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed, by p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm m\u011bli m\u00edt na z\u0159eteli jeho hlavn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del: uspokojov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eb u\u017eivatel\u016f. Meteorologick\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt hlavn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, pokud mo\u017eno pravdiv\u00e9 a p\u0159esn\u00e9, srozumiteln\u00e9 a zaj\u00edmav\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rozeberme si stru\u010dn\u011b jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dinitele, je\u017e vstupuj\u00ed do procesu prezentace meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pot\u0159eby u\u017eivatele. U\u017eivatel se chce hlavn\u011b dov\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e9 bude po\u010das\u00ed a jak\u00fd bude m\u00edt vliv na jeho \u010dinnost. Existuje \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum u\u017eivatel\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky. Co se t\u00fd\u010de d\u00e9lky platnosti p\u0159edpov\u011bdi, jdou po\u017eadavky od velmi kr\u00e1tko\u00addob\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi p\u0159es p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f st\u0159edn\u011bdobou a\u017e po p\u0159edpo\u00adv\u011b\u010f dlouhodobou. Velmi r\u016fzn\u00e1 je pot\u0159eba, co se t\u00fd\u010de projev\u016f po\u010das\u00ed: jde hlavn\u011b o teplotu, tlak, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vlhkost vzduchu, obla\u010dnost, sr\u00e1\u017eky (intenzitu, trv\u00e1n\u00ed, skupenstv\u00ed&#8230;), v\u00edtr, sn\u011b\u00adhovou pokr\u00fdvku (v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed), n\u00e1led\u00ed, n\u00e1mrazu, rosu, do\u00adhlednost, rozptylov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro p\u0159\u00edm\u011bsi v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, atd. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je \u010dasov\u00fd p\u0159edstih, kter\u00fd u\u017eivatel pot\u0159ebuje k usku\u00adte\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed; snadn\u00e9 je nap\u0159. s\u00e1hnout pro de\u0161tn\u00edk, n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zorganizovat opat\u0159en\u00ed proti nep\u0159\u00edzni\u00adv\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed nap\u0159. ve sf\u00e9\u0159e hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, sf\u00e9\u0159e slu\u017eeb nebo i ve sportu.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Znalosti u\u017eivatele jsou na r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovni. Pro u\u017eivatele jsou jist\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed znalosti z meteorologie, proto\u017ee mu pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. Nap\u0159. je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel v\u00ed, na \u010dem z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fdskyt mraz\u016f v jeho z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 oblasti, jak jsou sr\u00e1\u017eky modifikov\u00e1ny ter\u00e9nem, jak\u00fd m\u00e1 vzhled obla\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 produkuje sr\u00e1\u017eky atd. Znalosti u\u017ei\u00advatel m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat z literatury, vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti a tak\u00e9 z osv\u011bty.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Odborn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed se proje\u00advuje v jejich kvalit\u011b, je pot\u0159eba, aby byla v\u017edy dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e1. Neznamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee by se m\u011bly nap\u0159. pou\u017e\u00edvat odborn\u00e9 term\u00edny nesrozumiteln\u00e9 u\u017eivatel\u016fm. Odborn\u00e1 \u00faro\u00adve\u0148 by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt znehodnocov\u00e1na p\u0159i sd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, jak se nez\u0159\u00eddka st\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e jsou tyto informace p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny neodborn\u00edky ve sd\u011blovac\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Srozumitelnost p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed. U\u017eivatel by m\u011bl v\u017edy jednozna\u010dn\u011b ch\u00e1pat v\u00fdznam informac\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edvat srozumiteln\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f, jasn\u011b formulovat p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd v\u00fdskyt r\u016fzn\u00fdch projev\u016f po\u010das\u00ed v \u010dase i v m\u00edst\u011b, u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 je i vyj\u00e1d\u0159it pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu jev\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdvoje po\u010das\u00ed t\u00edm \u010di on\u00edm sm\u011brem. Je nevhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat subjektivn\u011b zabarven\u00fdch vy\u00adj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed typu \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed&#8221;, \u201ezlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed&#8221; atp. Ne\u00adchrne na u\u017eivateli, aby s\u00e1m posoudil, jak\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed mu vy\u00adhovuje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Technick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti mohou napom\u00e1hat toku informac\u00ed k u\u017eivatel\u016fm. Nen\u00ed nutno nap\u0159. zd\u016fraz\u0148ovat u\u017eite\u010dnost vy\u00adu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed grafiky v televizi, v novin\u00e1ch, na obrazovk\u00e1ch po\u00ad\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f atd. Grafikou lze u\u010dinit informace n\u00e1zorn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a je tak\u00e9 \u010dasto \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1na. Nen\u00ed ale \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, aby byla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na samo\u00fa\u010deln\u011b, jen na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed efekt. P\u011bkn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed grafiky jsme m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost shl\u00e9dnout p\u0159i tele\u00advizn\u00edm vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9ho seri\u00e1lu \u201e\u017div\u00e1 planeta&#8221;.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lidsk\u00fd faktor ve sd\u011blovac\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch &#8211; n\u011bkdy dob\u0159e spolupracuje, n\u011bkdy naopak komplikuje proces sd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed a tyto informace znehodnocuje. K dobr\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1\u00adci nep\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 nestabilizovan\u00e1 situace ve sd\u011blovac\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch. Jako v\u0161ude, i tam jsou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou kvalitn\u00ed, jde jim o v\u011bc a jsou si v\u011bdomi sv\u00e9ho posl\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i lid\u00e9 ne\u00adkvalitn\u00ed: n\u011bkter\u00fdm je lhostejn\u00e9, jestli pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed seri\u00f3zn\u00ed informace, n\u011bkter\u00fdm jde o to, lacin\u011b se p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bt. Pro ilustraci uvedu dva p\u0159\u00edklady. Kdy\u017e za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u00fanora 1993 vrcholila minul\u00e1 zima mrazy kolem -20 \u00b0C a v\u0161ude le\u017eel sn\u00edh, mohli jsme se z \u010cesk\u00e9ho rozhlasu dov\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee na na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed proud\u00ed od jihoz\u00e1padu tepl\u00fd vzduch a p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f uv\u00e1\u00add\u011bla teploty vzduchu o n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek stup\u0148\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e byla skute\u010dnost, profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed hlas p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed t\u00e9to informace ani trochu nezav\u00e1hal. Jednalo se o p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f starou n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee se situace s nov\u00fdm veden\u00edm v roz\u00adhlase lep\u0161\u00ed. Jako druh\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit, jak se velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st sd\u011blovac\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f chytla nepodlo\u017een\u00e9 a zcela nesmysln\u00e9 f\u00e1my o tom, \u017ee l\u00e9to 1993 bude hork\u00e9 s teplotami vzduchu 40 a\u017e 50 \u00b0C. Inu senzace za ka\u017edou cenu!<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Osobnost prezent\u00e1tora. K tomuto faktoru jsme se ji\u017e p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eili p\u0159edchoz\u00edm odstavcem. Na prezent\u00e1torovi z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed, jak meteorologick\u00e9 informace ztv\u00e1rn\u00ed, nejmarkantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je to v televizi. P\u0159\u00edstupy jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9, a to nejen u n\u00e1s, ale i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Prezentace vyzn\u00edv\u00e1 od jednoho jako seri\u00f3zn\u00ed informace, jin\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed ud\u011blat z relace \u201eshow&#8221;. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee informace o po\u010das\u00ed je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t jako jin\u00e9 informace, jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee informace maj\u00ed b\u00fdt seri\u00f3zn\u00ed, p\u0159esn\u00e9, nikoliv zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. Nejsem proti tomu informace p\u0159\u00edle\u017ei\u00adtostn\u011b humorn\u011b o\u017eivit, ale nemysl\u00edm, \u017ee v\u011bci prosp\u00edv\u00e1 pro\u00adgramov\u011b se orientovat na \u201eshow&#8221;.Prezent\u00e1tor by m\u011bl v\u017edy podat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace, tedy hlavn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed tak, aby byla jednozna\u010dn\u011b srozumiteln\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, zaj\u00edma\u00advosti a o\u017eiven\u00ed by m\u011bly vych\u00e1zet ze samotn\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu, tj. po\u010das\u00ed. Jsem i proto, aby ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st relac\u00ed byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na popul\u00e1rn\u00ed osv\u011bt\u011b, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvat dostupn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed grafiky. O zp\u016fsobu prezentace se diskutovalo i na Mezi\u00adn\u00e1rodn\u00edm meteorologick\u00e9m festivalu v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei. Byly tam r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, v\u011bt\u0161ina se klonila k seri\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zp\u016fsobu prezentace. Nap\u0159. belgick\u00fd deleg\u00e1t se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il, \u017ee div\u00e1k si bu\u010f zapamatuje, jak bude, nebo si zapamatuje \u201eshow&#8221; &#8211; to z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zp\u016fsobu prezentace. Deleg\u00e1ti z BBC zd\u016fraz\u0148ovali, \u017ee prezent\u00e1tor by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vy\u0161kolen\u00fd, aby byl na \u00farovni jak odborn\u011b, tak i co se t\u00fd\u010de zp\u016fsobu pod\u00e1n\u00ed: nejlep\u0161\u00edmi prezent\u00e1tory jsou meteorologov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b um\u011bj\u00ed informace podat.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cl\u00e1nek byl p\u0159ednesen ve form\u011b refer\u00e1tu na semin\u00e1\u0159i Me\u00adteorologick\u00e9 informace pro ve\u0159ejnost, po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9m \u010ceskou meteorologickou spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">J<em>an Pavl\u00edk, MZ 1993\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 46, str. 190-191<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se chci stru\u010dn\u011b zamyslet nad r\u016fzn\u00fdmi aspekty sd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm. Je to dost slo\u017eit\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Ti, kdo vstupuj\u00ed do procesu sd\u011b\u00adlov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed, by p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm m\u011bli [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9654","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9654"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9658,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9654\/revisions\/9658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}