{"id":8400,"date":"2024-11-26T19:51:15","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T18:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=8400"},"modified":"2024-11-26T19:55:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T18:55:10","slug":"ad-rozhovor-s-vedoucim-katedry-meteorologie-a-ochrany-prostredi-matematicko-fyzikalni-fakulty-uk-doc-rndr-otakarem-zikmundou-csc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/ad-rozhovor-s-vedoucim-katedry-meteorologie-a-ochrany-prostredi-matematicko-fyzikalni-fakulty-uk-doc-rndr-otakarem-zikmundou-csc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ad: Rozhovor s vedouc\u00edm katedry Meteorologie a ochrany prost\u0159ed\u00ed Matematicko-Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed fakulty UK doc. RNDr. Otakarem Zikmundou, CSc."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8400\" class=\"elementor elementor-8400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a92e797 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a92e797\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2de07f5\" data-id=\"2de07f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd0442f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd0442f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Meteorologick\u00e9 Zpr\u00e1vy \u010d. 5\/1994)<\/span><\/p><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>POZN\u00c1MKY K ODPOV\u011aD\u00cdM DOC. RNDr. OTAKA\u00adRA ZIKMUNDY, CSc.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e jsem se zam\u00fd\u0161lel nad formulacemi ot\u00e1zek pro ve\u00addouc\u00edho katedry meteorologie, klimatologie a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed MFF UK, byl pro mne dominantn\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fd pl\u00e1n rozvoje oboru (do roku 2005), p\u0159ijat\u00fd letos v dubnu Komis\u00ed pro atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 v\u011bdy Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 orga\u00adnizace, dopln\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159edstavou, \u017ee se z odpov\u011bd\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 a za\u00adujat\u00fd meteorolog \u010di adept meteorologie do\u010dte o rozvoji a n\u00e1\u00adsledn\u00e9 profilaci katedry v d\u016fsledku v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch posun\u016f pro\u00adb\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch v oboru.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Meteorologie, klimatologie i ochrana \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed zaznamenaly v posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1d\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 se net\u00fdkaj\u00ed toliko bou\u0159liv\u00e9ho rozvoje objektivn\u00edch numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch metod v d\u016fsledku vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a koncentrace odborn\u00edk\u016f v n\u011bkolika n\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u010di mezin\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00edch centrech, ale t\u00e9\u017e rozvoje a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u00adstrojov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Uve\u010fme nam\u00e1tkou monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed dy\u00adnamick\u00fdch proces\u016f v oblac\u00edch pomoc\u00ed mikrovlnn\u00fdch radiometr\u016f, dopplerovsk\u00fdch radar\u016f a leteck\u00e9ho vzorkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ke studiu p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dopplerovsk\u00e9 sodary (jen v \u010cHM\u00da A UFA AV \u010cR jich je nejm\u00e9n\u011b 5), senzory na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed turbulence, laserov\u00e1 technika na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tok\u016f vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry. \u00damysln\u011b se nezmi\u0148uji o radarov\u00fdch auto\u00admatizovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech \u010di p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch na palub\u00e1ch dru\u017eic s pol\u00e1rn\u00ed drahou letu a geostacion\u00e1rn\u00edch dru\u017eic\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Profilace katedry vzhledem k vybudovan\u00fdm tradic\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch kateder jin\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol (P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e1 fa\u00adkulta Masarykovy univerzity v Brn\u011b \u010di katedry \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v Praze a \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem) je \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. V dob\u011b tr\u017en\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, a s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi kladn\u00fdmi i z\u00e1porn\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky, bude prob\u00edhat \u201eboj&#8221; o poslucha\u010de. Poslucha\u010dovy po\u017eadavky budou jaz\u00fd\u010dkem na misce vah existence jednotliv\u00fdch kateder, a to nejen v na\u0161em oboru. Katedry poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed pouze v\u0161eobecn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed p\u0159ehled (co\u017e v\u0161ichni pova\u017eujeme za samoz\u0159ejmost) budou b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch let bez \u0161anc\u00ed, nebo budou vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat jen pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 poslucha\u010de.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nen\u00ed toti\u017e pravdou, \u017ee ve velk\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch centrech pracuj\u00ed na modelech libovoln\u00e9ho horizont\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010di \u010dasov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka v hydrostatick\u00e9 \u010di nehydrostatick\u00e9 verzi v\u00fdhradn\u011b specialist\u00e9 na numerick\u00e9 metody, tedy matematici. Naopak \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed jsou meteorologov\u00e9 &#8211; specialist\u00e9, maj\u00edc\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ucelen\u00fd p\u0159ehled o oboru, dopln\u011bn\u00fd speci\u00e1ln\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na soudobou statistiku, numerickou matematiku, fyziku \u010di dokonce i chemii, o p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed vrstv\u011b ani nemluv\u011b. Pon\u011bkud sporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je specializace na technick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed jev\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e1 technika a jej\u00ed d\u016fsledn\u00e1 komputerizace je na MFF UK \u00faplnou popelkou. A to je \u0161koda. \u0158ada dosud \u201ene\u00adp\u0159\u00edmo odvozovan\u00fdch&#8221; parametr\u016f a veli\u010din je ji\u017e nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo m\u011b\u0159ena. Zat\u00edm dostupn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky odkr\u00fdvaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 pohledy na \u0159adu jev\u016f. K jejich anal\u00fdze jsou nutn\u00e9 nov\u00e9 statistick\u00e9 metody stejn\u011b jako u syntetick\u00fdch pohled\u016f na asimilaci dat, post-processing a \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch discipl\u00edn.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je nesporn\u00e9, a to s panem docentem Zikmundou souhla\u00ads\u00edm, \u017ee po\u010det hodin je limituj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem p\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010debn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f a \u017ee tento po\u010det hodin, m\u00e1-li se postihnout cel\u00fd obor kurzovn\u00edmi p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kami, v podstat\u011b ani nesta\u010d\u00ed. Z tohoto faktu je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba vyvodit z\u00e1v\u011bry sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k pro\u00adfilaci katedry, k jej\u00edmu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na dv\u011b t\u0159i discipl\u00edny a ostat\u00adn\u00ed p\u0159enechat jin\u00fdm specializuj\u00edc\u00edm se katedr\u00e1m. Dob\u0159e v\u00edm, \u017ee pokud byla feder\u00e1ln\u00ed republika, konzultovaly katedry v Praze a Bratislav\u011b svoje u\u010debn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny, sna\u017eily se, aby se ani na jedn\u00e9 nep\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161elo m\u00e9n\u011b discipl\u00edn, i kdy\u017e t\u0159eba nebyli k dispozici odborn\u00edci na dan\u00e9 kated\u0159e. Ob\u011b katedry si vz\u00e1\u00adjemn\u011b vypom\u00e1haly a vyu\u017e\u00edvaly t\u00e9\u017e extern\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f SHM\u00da, \u010cHM\u00da a \u00daFA AV \u010cR. Cel\u00fd probl\u00e9m by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu, pro kter\u00fd horuje do\u00adcent Zikmunda, vyps\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu semin\u00e1\u0159\u016f a nepo\u00advinn\u00fdch p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee b\u011bhem nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch let dojde k v\u00fd\u00adrazn\u00e9mu posunut\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed jak v \u010cHM\u00da, tak na Kated\u0159e MFF UK, dojde ke konzultac\u00edm nejen mezi Prahou a Bra\u00adtislavou, ale i mezi katedrami vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky tak, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k \u00fabytku poslucha\u010d\u016f nebo k jejich odchodu na studie do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak douf\u00e1m, \u017ee si pracovn\u00edci katedry vychovaj\u00ed svoje n\u00e1stupce, kte\u0159\u00ed se budou v\u011bnovat nejen v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, ale i promy\u0161len\u00e9 a c\u00edlen\u00e9 pedagogick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Domn\u00edval jsem se, \u017ee vedouc\u00ed katedry ve sv\u00fdch odpo\u00adv\u011bd\u00edch zd\u016frazn\u00ed vznik \u0161koly numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch metod, \u0161koly, kter\u00e1 vychovala \u0159adu vynikaj\u00edc\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na sv\u00fdch nov\u00fdch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjej\u00ed tuto prob\u00adlematiku, a to jak v \u00daFA AV \u010cR, \u010cHM\u00da, \u010di v posledn\u00edch letech i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Profesor Brandejs, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00fdch rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a proz\u00edrav\u00e9 intuice, rozv\u00edjel systematicky tuto \u0161kolu. Byl hluboce p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den o perspektiv\u011b tohoto oboru, jeho prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo jednoduch\u00e9, proto\u017ee proti n\u011bmu st\u00e1la jako monolit hradba klasick\u00fdch synoptik\u016f od Chebu a\u017e po Ko\u0161ice. Nav\u00edc je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee to nebyl ani Ameri\u010dan, ani Angli\u010dan \u010di Rus, kdo napsal prvn\u00ed uce\u00adlenou u\u010debnici numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch model\u016f, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b prof. Brandejs, a nav\u00edc, listujeme-li v Meteorolo\u00adgick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch a sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let, st\u011b\u017e\u00ed ob\u00adjev\u00edme \u011b\u00edslo, ve kter\u00e9m by nebyl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek Brandejse nebo jeho prvn\u00edch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech nelze opominout rozs\u00e1hlou publi\u00adka\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost J. Bedn\u00e1\u0159e se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na tematiku p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry. V\u00fdsledky vy\u00fastily do modelu rozptylu a p\u0159enosu antropogenn\u00edch ingredienc\u00ed. Model vypracovan\u00fd Va\u0161\u00edm kolektivem p\u0159evzal \u010cHM\u00da. J. Bedn\u00e1\u0159 vychoval \u0159adu zdatn\u00fdch n\u00e1sledovn\u00edk\u016f, z nich\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed v me\u00adzin\u00e1rodn\u00edch projektech a R. Bubnov\u00e1 byla zvolena Komis\u00ed pro atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 v\u011bdy SMO report\u00e9rkou problematiky p\u0159\u00ed\u00adzemn\u00ed vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry v r\u00e1mci Pracovn\u00ed skupiny kr\u00e1tko\u00addob\u00fdch numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mysl\u00edm t\u00e9\u017e, \u017ee \u00faloha, kterou sehr\u00e1v\u00e1 J. Kalvov\u00e1 se sv\u00fdmi \u017e\u00e1ky v r\u00e1mci N\u00e1rodn\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho programu nen\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e zanedbateln\u00e1. \u010cinnost M. Ba\u0165ky p\u0159i formulaci a hlavn\u011b realizaci numerick\u00e9ho modelu \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fasta\u00advu je dostate\u010dn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 a nen\u00ed ji t\u0159eba zde znovu deklarovat. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee pov\u011bstn\u00e1 skromnost vedouc\u00edho katedry pana docenta Zikmundy je zbyte\u010dn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak je, \u017ee po smrti prof. Brandejse chyb\u00ed na kated\u0159e profesor a jedin\u00fd doktor v\u011bd nen\u00ed p\u016fvodem me\u00adteorolog, ale matematik. Chci v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee tento nedostatek bude v brzk\u00e9 dob\u011b napraven, a to jak v z\u00e1jmu katedry, tak tradic \u010desk\u00e9 meteorologie.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Miroslav \u0160koda, MZ 1994\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 1947, str. 191-192<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Meteorologick\u00e9 Zpr\u00e1vy \u010d. 5\/1994) POZN\u00c1MKY K ODPOV\u011aD\u00cdM DOC. RNDr. OTAKA\u00adRA ZIKMUNDY, CSc. Kdy\u017e jsem se zam\u00fd\u0161lel nad formulacemi ot\u00e1zek pro ve\u00addouc\u00edho katedry meteorologie, klimatologie a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed MFF UK, byl [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8400","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8400"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8404,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8400\/revisions\/8404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}