{"id":8145,"date":"2024-11-22T20:01:50","date_gmt":"2024-11-22T19:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=8145"},"modified":"2024-11-22T20:09:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T19:09:17","slug":"zivelna-pohroma-na-kavkaze-v-lete-roku-2000","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/zivelna-pohroma-na-kavkaze-v-lete-roku-2000\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017dIVELN\u00c1 POHROMA NA KAVKAZE V L\u00c9T\u011a ROKU 2000"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8145\" class=\"elementor elementor-8145\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-698712b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"698712b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6367139\" data-id=\"6367139\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f50bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f50bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>\u201eV dob\u011b, kdy p\u016fsobila na Kavkaze v oblasti Elbrusu na\u0161e expedice, do\u0161lo p\u0159i \u017eiveln\u00e9 pohrom\u011b k rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm sesuv\u016fm p\u016fdy, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch byla zavalena \u0159ada osad a \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bsta Tyrnyauz n\u00e1nosy bahna a kamen\u00ed. Lavina poh\u0159bila des\u00edtky lid\u00ed a po\u0161kodila komunikace k Elbrusu &#8230;\u201c<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Turistika a hory, VIII, 2000, \u010d. 9-10, str. 42.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e jsem se na ja\u0159e roku 2000 rozhodl nav\u0161t\u00edvit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ostravsk\u00e9 CK Turistika a hory Kavkaz, tu\u0161il jsem, \u017ee mne \u010dek\u00e1 zcela jist\u011b dobrodru\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdlet za pozn\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto hor, svoj\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou, rozlohou a mo\u017en\u00e1 i sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi kr\u00e1sami p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed Alpy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ji\u017e cesta pod Elbrus, veden\u00e1 kv\u016fli komplikac\u00edm s ukrajinsk\u00fdmi v\u00edzy \u201eobj\u00ed\u017e\u010fkou\u201c p\u0159es B\u011blorusko a\u017e k Moskv\u011b a pak teprve dol\u016f na jih p\u0159es Tulu, Voron\u011b\u017e, Rostov na Donu a\u017e do Pjatigorska na severn\u00edm \u00fapat\u00ed Kavkazu, byla v\u00edce ne\u017e zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, jej\u00ed popis je v\u0161ak nad r\u00e1mec t\u00e9to informace.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd626ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd626ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09486b7\" data-id=\"09486b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-701035d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"701035d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"319\" height=\"468\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Kavkaz.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8147\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Kavkaz.jpg 319w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Kavkaz-204x300.jpg 204w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 319px) 100vw, 319px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42ea931\" data-id=\"42ea931\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97908f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97908f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na\u0161e v\u00fdprava m\u011bla sv\u016fj z\u00e1kladn\u00ed t\u00e1bor na horolezeck\u00e9m t\u00e1bo\u0159i\u0161ti Elbrus v dolin\u011b Baksan n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek kilometr\u016f nad spr\u00e1vn\u00edm st\u0159ediskem t\u00e9to oblasti, m\u011bstem Tyrnyauz. Kdy\u017e jsme po noci ze 12. na 13. 7. 2000, kterou jsme str\u00e1vili na prostranstv\u00ed p\u0159ed budovou m\u00edstn\u00ed policie, \u010dekaj\u00edce na povolen\u00ed ke vstupu do hor, toto poklidn\u00e9 m\u011bsto opou\u0161t\u011bli, nem\u011bl nikdo z n\u00e1s pon\u011bt\u00ed o tom, v jak\u00e9m stavu se bude nach\u00e1zet p\u0159i na\u0161\u00ed zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cest\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prvn\u00ed dny pobytu v hor\u00e1ch n\u00e1s doprov\u00e1zelo p\u011bkn\u00e9 a velmi tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed. Spolu se sv\u00fdm kolegou ing. Josefem K\u0159enou jsme vyu\u017eili p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a nav\u0161t\u00edvili jsme v r\u00e1mci aklimatizace jednu z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed Kavkazu, tzv. U\u0161binsk\u00e9 plato, ledov\u00fd kotel ve v\u00fd\u0161i kolem 4 000 metr\u016f obklopen\u00fd n\u011bkolika \u010dty\u0159tis\u00edcovkami, jim\u017e v\u00e9vod\u00ed kavkazsk\u00fd Matterhorn &#8211; dvojhlav\u00e1 U\u0161ba.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-866260e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"866260e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-76c2ab6\" data-id=\"76c2ab6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6caeed3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6caeed3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m v\u00fdstupu na \u010catyn-Tau do v\u00fd\u0161e skoro 4 400 m jsme \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no 17. 7. sestoupili U\u0161binsk\u00fdm ledop\u00e1dem na ledovec v dolin\u011b Schelda a po n\u011bm, \u010dasto po kotn\u00edky v taj\u00edc\u00edm sn\u011bhov\u00e9m marastu, jsme se vraceli zp\u011bt do t\u00e1bora. Od rann\u00edch hodin panovalo toti\u017e v t\u011bchto v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch nezvykle \u00famorn\u00e9 vedro, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m znep\u0159\u00edjem\u0148ovalo sestup a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011b\u0161tilo zvrat v po\u010das\u00ed. K n\u011bmu do\u0161lo n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne, kdy ve\u010der zas\u00e1hla n\u00e1\u0161 t\u00e1bor prvn\u00ed bou\u0159ka doprov\u00e1zen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edvaly vodn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek. Bou\u0159ilo a intenzivn\u011b pr\u0161elo potom po celou noc<\/span>.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">R\u00e1no 19. 7. se \u017eivly uti\u0161ily, jen zna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd pr\u016ftok v ledovcov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dce pod t\u00e1borem nasv\u011bd\u010doval o s\u00edle bou\u0159kov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v noci. Dopoledne jsme pak opustili t\u00e1bor a zam\u00ed\u0159ili k na\u0161emu dal\u0161\u00edmu c\u00edli, k Elbrusu. Ji\u017e cestou do Azau, odkud vede syst\u00e9m lanovek do v\u00fdchodn\u00edch svah\u016f tohoto velik\u00e1nu, jsme byli p\u0159ekvapeni minim\u00e1ln\u00edm automobilov\u00fdm provozem a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee lanovky byly mimo provoz pro p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1vky elektrick\u00e9 energie. V domn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee jde o n\u011bjakou b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1vadu, jsme potom marn\u011b \u010dekali na obnoven\u00ed dod\u00e1vky proudu a\u017e do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne, kdy k n\u00e1m pronikly prvn\u00ed kus\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee v p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 noci do\u0161lo k velk\u00e9mu sesuvu p\u016fdy a po\u0161kozen\u00ed hydroelektr\u00e1rny. Nezbylo n\u00e1m ne\u017e nalo\u017eit na z\u00e1da t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 batohy a celou cestu na Prijut Odinnadcati, co\u017e je v\u00fdchoz\u00ed m\u00edsto pro vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdstup na Elbrus, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 4 200 m, absolvovat tak jako kdysi prvn\u00ed dobyvatel\u00e9, tedy po sv\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e5e16e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e5e16e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec3db61\" data-id=\"ec3db61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce09887 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ce09887\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"316\" height=\"245\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Kavkaz3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8148\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Kavkaz3.jpg 316w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Kavkaz3-300x233.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4396963\" data-id=\"4396963\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cef8ded elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cef8ded\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na Elbrus, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kavkazskou horu, dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm vrcholem v\u00fd\u0161ky 5 642 mn. m., jsme vystoupili 22. 7. a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne jsme se vr\u00e1tili do na\u0161eho z\u00e1kladn\u00edho t\u00e1bora. Teprve tam jsme se dov\u011bd\u011bli o tom, jak\u00e1 katastrofa zas\u00e1hla Baksanskou dolinu, jak\u00e9 ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed postihlo m\u011bsto Tyrnyauz. A nastalo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dilema na\u0161eho n\u00e1vratu, z\u016fstali jsme toti\u017e, ostatn\u011b jako v\u0161ichni, kte\u0159\u00ed se nach\u00e1zeli v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti doliny, od\u0159\u00edznuti od okoln\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e04a065 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e04a065\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-678e19f\" data-id=\"678e19f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be517cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be517cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K \u010demu vlastn\u011b do\u0161lo, co zp\u016fsobilo tak rozs\u00e1hlou pohromu? Jak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, v noci z 18. na 19. 7. prob\u00edhala v oblasti Elbrusu intenzivn\u00ed bou\u0159kov\u00e1 \u010dinnost doprov\u00e1zen\u00e1 siln\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdmi de\u0161ti. A pr\u00e1v\u011b ty zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinily, \u017ee v hor\u00e1ch nad Tyrnyauzem do\u0161lo k velk\u00e9mu svahov\u00e9mu sesuvu p\u016fdy, a t\u00edm tak\u00e9 k p\u0159ehrazen\u00ed jednoho z p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f \u0159eky Baksan. V rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch pak do\u0161lo k protr\u017een\u00ed takto vznikl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed hr\u00e1ze a lavina ledu, kamen\u00ed a bahna, kterou p\u0159ed sebou tla\u010dila nahromad\u011bn\u00e1 voda, pronikla a\u017e do Tyrnyauzu, doslova rozp\u016flila m\u011bsto a \u00fadol\u00edm Baksanu pokra\u010dovala dal\u0161\u00ed kilometry ni\u010d\u00edce p\u0159itom v\u0161e, co ji st\u00e1lo v cest\u011b, domy, komunikace, mosty a tak\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou popisovan\u00e9 \u017eiveln\u00e9 katastrofy tedy byla v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 bou\u0159kov\u00e1 \u010dinnost s intenzivn\u00edmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami. Podm\u00ednky jej\u00edho vzniku a v\u00fdvoje byly dan\u00e9 synoptickou situac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ur\u010dovala cirkulaci vzduchov\u00fdch hmot v troposf\u00e9\u0159e nad jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed polovinou Evropy v inkriminovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. Ta byla charakterizovan\u00e1 dv\u011bmi \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edmi tlakov\u00fdmi \u00fatvary v hladin\u011b AT 500 hPa. Jednalo se o mohutn\u00fd h\u0159eben vysok\u00e9ho tlaku vzduchu vyb\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed ze severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriky a Arabsk\u00e9ho poloostrova p\u0159es kavkazskou oblast a celou evropskou \u010d\u00e1st Ruska a\u017e nad poloostrov Kola a relativn\u011b hlubokou tlakovou n\u00ed\u017ei nad v\u00fdchodn\u00edmi oblastmi st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd h\u0159eben vysok\u00e9ho tlaku byl vypln\u011bn\u00fd velmi tepl\u00fdm a such\u00fdm tropick\u00fdm vzduchem, vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm po jeho p\u0159edn\u00ed stran\u011b z Afriky daleko k severu. V hladin\u011b 850 hPa dosahovala teplota vzduchu v oblasti Kavkazu hodnot p\u0159es +20 \u00b0C (nap\u0159. 16. 7. 2000 v 00 UTC Mineralnyje Vody ud\u00e1valy +22 \u00b0C) a je\u0161t\u011b ve vysok\u00fdch severn\u00edch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho mo\u0159e se pohybovala kolem +15 \u00b0C (nap\u0159. Archangelsk v t\u00fd\u017e den +16 \u00b0C). Naopak v t\u00fdlu \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee pronikal do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy a postupn\u011b nad Balk\u00e1n, Ukrajinu a \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e studen\u00fd a vlhk\u00fd pol\u00e1rn\u00ed vzduch s teplotami v t\u00e9to hladin\u011b pod +10 \u00b0C (nap\u0159. Budape\u0161\u0165 v uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 hladin\u011b a term\u00ednu pouze +4 \u00b0C).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto v\u00fdrazn\u011b teplotn\u011b a vlhkostn\u011b rozd\u00edln\u00e9 vzduchov\u00e9 hmoty odd\u011blovala studen\u00e1 fronta, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v pom\u011brn\u011b m\u011blk\u00e9 br\u00e1zd\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku, vyb\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed z tlakov\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee nad st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropou k jihov\u00fdchodu. B\u011bhem 16. 7. zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 fronta postupovala p\u0159es Ukrajinu a Balk\u00e1n na v\u00fdchod k z\u00e1padn\u00edmu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. V tomto obdob\u00ed vystupovaly p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed teploty vzduchu v oblastech p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch Kavkazu nad +30 \u00b0C s maximy kolem +35 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne 17. 7. se v hladin\u011b 500 hPa vytvo\u0159ila nad moskevskou oblasti Rusk\u00e9 federace samostatn\u00e1 tlakov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e 588 hPa, co\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 znamenalo zesl\u00e1bnut\u00ed h\u0159ebene vysok\u00e9ho tlaku nad ji\u017en\u00edm Ruskem a Kavkazem. St\u0159ed tlakov\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee, prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se a\u017e k hodnot\u011b 559 hPa, se p\u0159emis\u0165oval z Ma\u010farska nad z\u00e1padn\u00ed Ukrajinu. V hladin\u011b 850 hPa pronikl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dne studen\u00fd vzduch p\u0159es Balk\u00e1n nad \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e. Studen\u00e1 fronta na jeho \u010dele postoupila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na \u010d\u00e1ru Minsk &#8211; Rostov na Donu &#8211; Ankara, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se za\u010dala vlnit a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zpomalila sv\u016fj postup k v\u00fdchodu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u011bhem 18. 7. h\u0159eben vysok\u00e9ho tlaku vzduchu nad evropskou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ruska d\u00e1le sl\u00e1bnul, z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159itom pokra\u010doval p\u0159esun \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee z B\u011bloruska nad Pobalt\u00ed a jej\u00ed br\u00e1zdy z \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e nad z\u00e1padn\u00ed oblasti Kavkazu. V hladin\u011b 850 hPa bylo mo\u017eno zaregistrovat p\u0159esun labilizuj\u00edc\u00edho se studen\u00e9ho vzduchu a\u017e k v\u00fdchodn\u00edmu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. P\u0159i zemi postupovala zvln\u011bn\u00e1 studen\u00e1 fronta v m\u011blk\u00e9 br\u00e1zd\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku vzduchu ji\u017e jen zvolna d\u00e1le k v\u00fdchodu a v odpoledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch za\u010dala ovliv\u0148ovat horsk\u00e9 oblasti Kavkazu v okol\u00ed Elbrusu. Prvn\u00ed bou\u0159ky zde byly zaregistrovan\u00e9 po 15. hodin\u011b UTC, postupn\u011b k ve\u010deru nab\u00fdvaly na intenzit\u011b a v noci, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b byly prov\u00e1zen\u00e9 siln\u00fdmi p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148kami.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den, tj. 19. 7., se nad Kavkazem v hladin\u011b 500 hPa vytvo\u0159ilo nev\u00fdrazn\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 pole, v hladin\u011b 850 hPa pronikal studen\u00fd vzduch d\u00e1le nad pevninu a za\u010dal se zvolna transformovat, p\u0159esto p\u0159inesl pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed Kavkaz p\u0159echodn\u00e9 ochlazen\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 5 \u00b0C. Zvln\u011bn\u00e1 studen\u00e1 fronta postoupila a\u017e nad st\u0159edn\u00ed Kavkaz, kde se pozvolna rozpadala za sl\u00e1bnut\u00ed bou\u0159kov\u00e9 a p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148kov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">I kdy\u017e popis synoptick\u00e9 situace a v\u00fdvoje po\u010das\u00ed v uveden\u00fdch dnech v oblasti jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy nen\u00ed zdaleka kompletn\u00ed a detailn\u00ed, p\u0159esto lze z n\u011bho vyvodit, co nakonec z meteorologick\u00e9ho hlediska podm\u00ednilo poni\u010den\u00ed m\u011bsta Tyrnyauz. Byl to tedy vp\u00e1d studen\u00e9ho a zna\u010dn\u011b labiln\u00edho vzduchu nad proh\u0159\u00e1tou pevninu ji\u017en\u00edho Ruska a Kavkazu, kter\u00fd v sob\u011b v d\u016fsledku transportu p\u0159es \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e obsahoval dostate\u010dnou vlhkost nezbytnou pro tvorbu tak intenzivn\u00ed p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148kov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Nav\u00edc nelze ani opomenout v\u00fdrazn\u00fd orografick\u00fd efekt, kdy tato vzduchov\u00e1 hmota byla na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b k v\u00fdchodu donucena hradbou hor vystoupit a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e p\u0159es 5 000 metr\u016f. Kumulace uveden\u00fdch podm\u00ednek ve ve\u010dern\u00edch a no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch dne 18. 7. pr\u00e1v\u011b v okol\u00ed Elbrusu z\u0159ejm\u011b zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinila tak intenzivn\u00ed bou\u0159kovou a p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148kovou aktivitu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po n\u00e1vratu do z\u00e1kladn\u00edho t\u00e1bora, kdy s nezbytn\u00fdm odpo\u010dinkem jsme se z\u00e1rove\u0148 pokou\u0161eli zjistit rozsah katastrofy a promyslet mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty na\u0161eho n\u00e1vratu, jsme 26. 7. opustili t\u00e1bo\u0159i\u0161t\u011b a sjeli na okraj poni\u010den\u00e9ho Tyrnyauzu. Tam jsme si na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di ov\u011b\u0159ili nejen rozsah \u0161kod, ale i skute\u010dnost, \u017ee p\u0159es m\u011bsto nelze a dlouho nebude moci projet krom\u011b lo\u010fkou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm jin\u00fdm dopravn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem. Tyrnyauz byl doslova rozp\u016flen bahnit\u00fdm jezerem \u0161irok\u00fdm p\u0159es sto metr\u016f, ve kter\u00e9m r\u00e1no 19. 7. 2000 zmizelo v\u0161e, co st\u00e1lo lavin\u011b v cest\u011b. N\u00e1m v\u0161ak p\u0159esto svitla ur\u010dit\u00e1 nad\u011bje, nebo\u0165 jsme byli m\u00edstn\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159ady informov\u00e1ni, \u017ee arm\u00e1da buduje ve svaz\u00edch nad m\u011bstem obj\u00ed\u017e\u010fku pro n\u00e1kladn\u00ed auta, aby tak bylo mo\u017eno obnovit pravideln\u00e9 z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti doliny prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 prozat\u00edm pouze vrtuln\u00edky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po p\u011b\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fzkumu \u010d\u00e1sti ji\u017e upraven\u00e9 cesty se n\u00e1\u0161 \u0159idi\u010d rozhodl, \u017ee to zkus\u00ed. Po dohod\u011b na krizov\u00e9m \u0161t\u00e1bu, kter\u00fd s\u00eddlil na m\u00edstn\u00edm stadionu, kde jsme nakonec p\u0159enocovali, jsme obdr\u017eeli povolen\u00ed k pokusu o p\u0159ejezd p\u0159es st\u00e1le budovanou obj\u00ed\u017e\u010fku, o \u010dem\u017e je\u0161t\u011b a\u017e do ve\u010dera sv\u011bd\u010dily v\u00fdbuchy n\u00e1lo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi se tato upravovala.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Brzy r\u00e1no jsme dostali pokyn k p\u0159ejezdu a po v\u00edce jak t\u0159ech hodin\u00e1ch j\u00edzdy cestou necestou, kdy jsme n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00faseky p\u0159e-kon\u00e1vali doslova po decimetrech, jsme se jako zjeven\u00ed k \u00fa\u017easu tam p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch ocitli na p\u016fvodn\u00ed komunikaci asi 8 km pod m\u011bstem. A i j\u00e1 se je\u0161t\u011b nyn\u00ed podivuji nad t\u00edm, jak to mohl \u0159idi\u010d s tou sta\u0159i\u010dkou Karosou dok\u00e1zat. Profesionalita, trochu odvahy a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed &#8211; a vy\u0161lo to. Cesta dom\u016f byla otev\u0159ena.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V poledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch 27. 7. 2000 jsme se definitivn\u011b vydali na zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cestu do \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Za na\u0161imi z\u00e1dy n\u00e1m postupn\u011b z\u016fstal nejen poni\u010den\u00fd Tyrnyauz, ale i Kavkaz, n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 hory na rozhran\u00ed Evropy a Asie, pro jejich\u017e shl\u00e9dnut\u00ed snad st\u00e1lo zato cel\u00e9 to dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed podstoupit.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Franti\u0161ek Gregar, MZ 2002\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 55, str. 25-27<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eV dob\u011b, kdy p\u016fsobila na Kavkaze v oblasti Elbrusu na\u0161e expedice, do\u0161lo p\u0159i \u017eiveln\u00e9 pohrom\u011b k rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm sesuv\u016fm p\u016fdy, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch byla zavalena \u0159ada osad a \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bsta Tyrnyauz n\u00e1nosy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8145","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8145"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8151,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8145\/revisions\/8151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}