{"id":7641,"date":"2024-11-09T15:54:13","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T14:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=7641"},"modified":"2024-11-09T15:55:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T14:55:30","slug":"sucho-roku-1947-na-jizni-morave","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/sucho-roku-1947-na-jizni-morave\/","title":{"rendered":"Sucho roku 1947 na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7641\" class=\"elementor elementor-7641\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0fb084b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0fb084b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-694b132\" data-id=\"694b132\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e2eea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e2eea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Sucho na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Na pam\u011b\u0165 \u00famrt\u00ed prof. Dr. Vladim\u00edra \u00dalehly)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Autor t\u00e9to stat\u011b byl pozv\u00e1n, aby podal ve sch\u016fzi \u201eN\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho poradn\u00edho sboru slov\u00e1ck\u00fdch okres\u016f&#8221; refer\u00e1t o ot\u00e1zce sucha na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b. V\u00fdklad o tomto probl\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd autor p\u0159ednesl v Hodon\u00edn\u011b dne 8. 7. 1947 ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m sboru za p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00adsedy ONV Dr. Martince, otiskujeme pro aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed povahu v\u011bci nejen v tomto kraji n\u00fdbr\u017e ve v\u00edce oblastech na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010di men\u0161i obm\u011bnou. K ot\u00e1zce se snad je\u0161t\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00edme v pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed s pera Dr. Min\u00e1\u0159e.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jako meteorolog i jako krajan z ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy nesetk\u00e1v\u00e1m se s touto ot\u00e1zkou poprv\u00e9. Sleduji ji u\u017e aspo\u0148 40 let ov\u0161em z r\u016fzn\u00e9ho hlediska a s nestejnou nal\u00e9havost\u00ed. Abych mohl podati v tomto sboru positivn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed, rozd\u011bl\u00edm t\u00e9ma na n\u011bkolik odd\u00edl\u016f: Nejd\u0159\u00edve orienta\u010dn\u011b o suchu v roce 1947.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sucho tohoto roku pova\u017euji za pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed sucha roku minul\u00e9ho v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b (Ru\u00admunsko, Ukrajina). Ji\u017e na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed se vyskytly zna\u010dn\u00e9 kontrasty v p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u011b. Na Slo\u00advensku a na velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Moravy bylo po\u010d\u00ednaje \u010dervencem opravdu sucho a sr\u00e1\u017eky byly omezeny jen na neekonomick\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed pr\u0161ky z bou\u0159ek, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v horsk\u00fdch oblastech. V z\u00e1padn\u00ed polovin\u011b \u010cech bylo v\u0161ak zn\u00e1ti velmi z\u0159eteln\u011b ji\u017e vliv oce\u00e1nsk\u00fd, pr\u0161elo tam v \u010dervenci a hlavn\u011b v srpnu ka\u017e\u00addou chv\u00edli a celkov\u00fd \u00fahrn byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nadnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed. Tedy hranice such\u00e9ho velkopo\u010das\u00ed sahala od v\u00fd\u00adchodu k Vltav\u011b. (Velkopo\u010das\u00ed je v\u00fdraz pro charakter po\u010das\u00ed za del\u0161\u00ed dobu, nap\u0159. n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f nebo m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Letos je tomu jinak. Such\u00e9 velkopo\u010das\u00ed ustoupilo v zim\u011b pon\u011bkud na v\u00fdchod a\u017e po Karpaty. Tak se stalo, \u017ee v \u010cech\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch, napadlo velice mnoho sn\u011bhu, kter\u00fd se i udr\u017eel po \u0159adu t\u00fddn\u016f, kde\u017eto na Morav\u011b a hlavn\u011b na jihu mrzlo na sucho. I Beskydy dlouho postr\u00e1daly sn\u00edh. S po\u010d\u00e1tkem jara pak se pohnula hranice sucha zase d\u00e1le na z\u00e1pad, nep\u0159ekro\u010dila v\u0161ak \u0160umavu. Tedy v leto\u0161n\u00edm vegeta\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo such\u00e9 velkopo\u010das\u00ed na celou republiku. \u010cechy m\u011bly reservu vlhka ze zimy, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Morava nikoliv.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e nastala tropick\u00e1 vedra koncem kv\u011btna a po\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervna, zmocnil se neklid zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch kruh\u016f v \u010cech\u00e1ch a byl jsem dot\u00e1z\u00e1n redakc\u00ed Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch novin, co o tom soud\u00edm. Napsal jsem asi 4. \u010dervna do Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch novin sd\u011blen\u00ed, \u017ee vedra za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervna se mi zamlouvaj\u00ed, nebo\u0165 jsou dobrou p\u0159edv\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout meteorolog\u016fm zn\u00e1m\u00fd evropsk\u00fd \u201emonsun&#8221;, toto\u017en\u00fd s v\u00fdbornou pranostikou o sv. Medardu. Nebo\u0165 \u010d\u00edm je tepleji p\u0159ed druhou t\u0159etinou \u010dervna, t\u00edm energi\u010dt\u011bji vpadne do severn\u00ed poloviny Evropy vlhk\u00fd oce\u00e1nsk\u00fd vzduch a. vytvo\u0159\u00ed apr\u00edlov\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed v na\u0161ich krajin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto znesnad\u0148uje pr\u00e1ce na sen\u00e1ch a n\u011bkdy i \u017en\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podotkl jsem ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku, \u017ee tedy m\u00e1m zna\u010dnou nad\u011bji, \u017ee letos Medard p\u0159ijde, ale ov\u0161em, \u017ee se brzo uk\u00e1\u017ee, odstran\u00ed-li definitivn\u011b such\u00e9 velkopo\u010das\u00ed, anebo bude-li jen kr\u00e1tkou episodou. Medard p\u0159i\u0161el v \u010cech\u00e1ch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159esn\u011b. Od t\u00e9 doby se vyskytovaly dosti hojn\u00e9 bou\u0159kov\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b. Sledoval jsem pr\u016fb\u011bh tohoto medardovsk\u00e9ho velkopo\u010das\u00ed bedliv\u011b a brzo jsem poznal, \u017ee monsun patrn\u011b nespln\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Jednak jsem vid\u011bl podle hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee sr\u00e1\u017eek a rozlohy oblast\u00ed de\u0161t\u011bm zasa\u017een\u00fdch sm\u011brem na v\u00fdchod rychle ub\u00fdv\u00e1 a byla to ji\u017en\u00ed a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Morava, kter\u00e1 byla Medardem odbyta mace\u0161sky. Krom\u011b toho i tam, kde monsun zas\u00e1hl, vyskytovaly se jen bou\u0159ky m\u00edstn\u00ed povahy. Prav\u00fd monsun se vyzna\u010duje jednak \u010dast\u00fdmi v\u0161eobecn\u00fdmi bou\u0159kami, ale i trval\u00fdmi de\u0161ti, kter\u00e9 se vytvo\u0159\u00ed v pr\u016fvodu ji\u017en\u00edch poruch a vyvrchol\u00ed z\u00e1plavami \u0159ek a po\u00adtok\u016f. Letos v medardovsk\u00e9 \u00e9\u0159e do \u010dervence nebyl ani jeden takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. Jednalo se v\u017edy jen o \u00fazk\u00e9 fronty \u0161patn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed postupuj\u00edc\u00ed od z\u00e1padu, sl\u00e1bnouc\u00ed a rozpadaj\u00edc\u00ed se, sotva p\u0159ekro\u00ad\u010dily \u0160umavu a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce p\u0159i vstupu na Moravu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nerovnom\u011brnost sr\u00e1\u017eek je p\u011bkn\u011b ilustrov\u00e1na nap\u0159. t\u00edm, \u017ee se v Praze vyskytl katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 24. kv\u011btna a 1. \u010dervence. D\u00e9\u0161\u0165 1. \u010dervence vydal za den r\u00e1zem v\u00edc, ne\u017e p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na cel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc a vznikly z\u00e1topy v n\u00edzko polo\u017een\u00fdch m\u00edstnostech. Kousek d\u00e1le na v\u00fdchod od Prahy nepr\u0161elo. Teprve te\u010f ve druh\u00e9m obdob\u00ed monsunu, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm na \u201eProkopa&#8221; se jev\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky zes\u00edlen\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho vlivu. Srovn\u00e1me nap\u0159. katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed bou\u0159ku 8. \u010dervence na \u017ditn\u00e9m Ostrov\u011b, v den prosloven\u00ed tohoto refer\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po t\u00e9to popisn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159ejdeme k \u00favah\u00e1m. Sucho v loni a letos je patrn\u011b zavin\u011bno obvykl\u00fdm cy\u00adklick\u00fdm st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm such\u00fdch a vlhk\u00fdch let. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed meteorologov\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed toto kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1hy ve spojitost s jeden\u00e1ctilet\u00fdm st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm slune\u010dn\u00edch skvrn. N\u011bkde se to shoduje, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch nikoliv. V subtropick\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed je shoda lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u n\u00e1s. V na\u0161ich zem\u00edch bylo obecn\u00e9 sucho v tomto stolet\u00ed v letech 1904, 1911, 1921, 1933 a\u017e 1936 a nyn\u00ed 1946\u20141947. Vid\u00edme, \u017ee 11-let\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed je u n\u00e1s obm\u011bn\u011bno na krat\u0161\u00ed intervaly. V takov\u00fdch letech m\u00e1me po\u010das\u00ed i podneb\u00ed jako v Bulharsku, ji\u017en\u00edm Ma\u010farsku a sev. Jugosl\u00e1vii, kter\u00e9 hov\u00ed dob\u0159e v\u00ednu, tab\u00e1ku a paprice, nikoliv v\u0161ak cukrovce a obil\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1935 za obdobn\u00e9ho sucha v \u010cech\u00e1ch dostavil se ke mn\u011b jeden in\u017een\u00fdr a upozor\u0148oval mn\u011b na to, \u017ee bude t\u0159eba n\u011bco podniknout proti suchu v sz. \u010cech\u00e1ch a tvrdo\u0161\u00edjn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010doval, \u017ee na velk\u00e9m nedostatku sr\u00e1\u017eek v t\u00e9 krajin\u011b je vinno d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 veden\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed z Erv\u011bnic do Pra\u00adhy. Je to ov\u0161em kraj, kter\u00fd je norm\u00e1ln\u011b v \u010cech\u00e1ch nejchud\u0161\u00ed na sr\u00e1\u017eky. M\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 500 mm vl\u00e1hy ro\u010dn\u011b. \u0158ekl jsem tehda onomu in\u017een\u00fdru, \u017ee to neberu tak tragicky a po\u017e\u00e1dal jsem ho, aby se dostavil asi za dva roky, \u017ee si o probl\u00e9mu znovu promluv\u00edme. V\u011bd\u011bl jsem, \u017ee cyklus po\u010das\u00ed zat\u00edm nalad\u00ed jinou t\u00f3ninu. In\u017een\u00fdr ov\u0161em nep\u0159i\u0161el, proto\u017ee za dva roky bylo vl\u00e1hy dost a v krajin\u011b, o n\u00ed\u017e se zaj\u00edmal, takov\u00e1 spousta, \u017ee mohl obr\u00e1tit a obvi\u0148ovat elektrick\u00e9 veden\u00ed z opaku ne\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00edm. V t\u011bch\u017ee letech tak\u00e9 se utvo\u0159ila u Svazu v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch \u00fastav\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch v Praze komise pro v\u00fdzkum sucha. Komisi tehda tanula na mysli nejv\u00edce ji\u017en\u00ed Morava suchem zle posti\u017een\u00e1. V anke\u00adt\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se konaly o tomto probl\u00e9mu, byla kritizov\u00e1na meliora\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, jejich\u017e drastick\u00fd z\u00e1sah pr\u00fd v\u00edce po\u0161kodil v such\u00fdch letech, ne\u017e prosp\u011bl ve vlhk\u00fdch. Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00e1\u0161niv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zast\u00e1nc\u016f toho, aby se dbalo rovnov\u00e1hy mezi kultivac\u00ed a podneb\u00edm, bvl prof. Vladim\u00edr Ulehla, jeho\u017e dnes poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1me. \u00dalehla poch\u00e1zel z ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy a o\u010dima p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdce kriticky zkoumal z\u00e1sahy civilisace do p\u0159\u00edrody. J\u00e1 jsem tehda navrhl formuli, podle kter\u00e9 by se daly mapov\u011b zjistit oblasti sucha a vlhka a takto regulovat event. Meliorace v t\u011bch oblastech, kde faktor sucha stoup\u00e1 nad kritickou mez. K vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed mapy nedo\u0161lo a komise sucha se roze\u0161la ze stejn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, jak\u00e9 uml\u010dely vol\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdra po n\u00e1prav\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nyn\u00ed po 10 letech se historie opakuje. I kdy\u017e snad nen\u00ed vl\u00e1hy m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e tehdy, zd\u00e1 se mn\u011b situace mnohem v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch, politick\u00fdch a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nyn\u00ed kone\u010dn\u011b se v\u011bnujme jen ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b. Ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad v Praze si vy\u017e\u00e1dal p\u0159ed \u010dasem vypraco\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed mapy such\u00fdch a vlhk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u010cSR. Dr. Min\u00e1\u0159, rada v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u00fastav\u016f p\u0159i st\u00e1tn\u00edm mete\u00adorologick\u00e9m \u00fastavu, ujal se t\u00e9to \u00falohy a nav\u00e1zal na m\u016fj vzorec, kter\u00fd jsem navrhl p\u0159ed 10 lety a spojil je\u0161t\u011b v synt\u00e9zu s jin\u00fdm vztahem. P\u0159ipravuje mapu, kter\u00e1 tentokr\u00e1te bude vypracov\u00e1na v r\u00e1mci dvouletky. Z toho, co ji\u017e bylo propo\u010dteno, je vid\u011bt, \u017ee ji\u017en\u00ed Morava v tomto vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00ed nejsu\u0161\u0161\u00ed z cel\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cSR, nebo\u0165 je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed faktory sucha vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u011b od Prahy. Such\u00e1 v\u0161ak jest. Na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b pr\u0161\u00ed sice o n\u011bco v\u00edc norm\u00e1ln\u011b, ne\u017e mezi \u017datcem, Kladnem a Kadan\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010c\u00edsla pouh\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek nem\u016f\u017eeme v\u0161ak ponechati bez spojen\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi vztahy. Pro\u010d se n\u00e1m v\u0161ak jev\u00ed a skute\u010dn\u011b je ji\u017en\u00ed Morava su\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kter\u00e1koliv oblast v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch? Je slunn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a v\u011btrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010cechy. To jsem mnohokr\u00e1te s\u00e1m zjistil podle pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f zakreslen\u00fdch v map\u00e1ch ve stejnou dobu. A to jsou dva velice \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 faktory. M\u00e1me-li v z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch v\u011btrno, je to obvykle z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u00edtr za prom\u011bnliv\u00e9ho vlhk\u00e9ho a p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148kov\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, kdy slunce m\u00e1lo sv\u00edt\u00ed. Tedy v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00edtr nen\u00ed tak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd p\u0159i vysu\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy. Na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b, zejm\u00e9na v prostoru mezi Karpatami a lev\u00fdm b\u0159ehem Moravy, rozpout\u00e1 se mnohdy i v l\u00e9t\u011b siln\u00fd jihov\u00fd\u00adchodn\u00ed v\u00edtr s hor, jen\u017e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 alpsk\u00fd foehn, a kter\u00fd vane pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b mal\u00e9 obla\u010dnosti a sucha; je to tedy opa\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, ne\u017e m\u00e1me u z\u00e1padn\u00edho v\u011btru v \u010cech\u00e1ch. To znamen\u00e1 v l\u00e9t\u011b stup\u00ad\u0148ovan\u00e9 vysu\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy v prach a \u00fanavu rostlinstva siln\u00fdm v\u011btrem. V\u00fdpar velmi vzr\u016fst\u00e1 se silou v\u011btru, jak uk\u00e1zala m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Je proto velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl v t\u00e9m\u017e dni mezi n\u011bjak\u00fdm m\u00edstem v \u010cech\u00e1ch, kde je sice p\u011bkn\u011b a horko, ale klid, a ji\u017en\u00ed Moravou, kde p\u0159i tom z\u00e1rove\u0148 fouk\u00e1 v\u00edtr o rychlosti 10\u2014 15 m za vte\u0159inu. Pak se ov\u0161em snadno m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1ti, \u017ee m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 o 50\u2014100 mm sr\u00e1\u017eek ro\u010dn\u011b na Slov\u00e1cku v\u00edc ne\u017e v \u010cech\u00e1ch, ve skute\u010dnosti je vyprahlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ono. A to je podstata v\u011bci.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jak tomu \u010deliti? P\u016fsobit na po\u010das\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk nem\u016f\u017ee. Cykly vlhk\u00fdch a such\u00fdch let jsou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed cirkulace vzduchu cel\u00e9 zem\u011bkoule a ka\u017ed\u00fd lidsk\u00fd z\u00e1sah do tohoto syst\u00e9mu je nicotn\u00fd. Tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee by st\u0159elba p\u016fsobila na mraky, nebo m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee nap\u0159. invase p\u0159inesla vlhk\u00e9 l\u00e9to, jsou omyly. Invase za\u010dala pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b po\u010d\u00e1tku monsunu. V\u00edme, jak vich\u0159ice ohrozily um\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy. Monsun v srpnu p\u0159estal, kde\u017eto invase pokra\u010dovala. Nab\u00eddky, \u017ee n\u011bkdo ud\u011bl\u00e1 po\u010das\u00ed podle p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u016fsob\u00ed d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 tolik a tolik milimetr\u016f, kter\u00e9 ob\u010das dost\u00e1v\u00e1m, pat\u0159\u00ed do ko\u0161e. Slibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se ji\u017e jev\u00ed pokusy o um\u011bl\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 \u2014 vlastn\u011b sn\u00edh \u2014 rozhazov\u00e1n\u00edm krystal\u016f z letadel, av\u0161ak rozsah a cena takov\u00e9ho pod\u00adniku bude rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho se tyto pokusy dosud taj\u00ed. Konaj\u00ed se ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a v Austr\u00e1lii. Zjist\u00edm-li n\u011bco bli\u017e\u0161\u00edho o nich za leto\u0161n\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch konferenc\u00ed v Americe, neopomenu sd\u011blit ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Velkopo\u010das\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk zat\u00edm nezvl\u00e1dne. Ale nev\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee vyvinouti zhoubn\u00fd vliv na mikroklima a snad i na makroklima. (Mikroklima je klima na\u0161eho bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho okol\u00ed, makroklima je v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 pod\u00adneb\u00ed.) To tvrdil i \u00dalehla, kter\u00fd bojoval proti z\u00e1sah\u016fm v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Katastrof\u00e1ln\u011b dala p\u0159\u00edroda za vy\u00adu\u010denou Ameri\u010dan\u016fm v p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9m \u00fadob\u00ed sucha p\u0159ed 10 lety. V ji\u017en\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech se na ja\u0159e vyskytovaly samumy, kter\u00e9 prom\u011bnily z\u00e1v\u011bjemi prachu a\u017e 6 m vysok\u00fdmi r\u00e1zem na \u010das v pou\u0161\u0165 kraje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e je na\u0161e republika. Vinen byl \u010dlov\u011bk. V \u00fazem\u00ed, kde byla d\u0159\u00edve hust\u00e1 tr\u00e1va, zalo\u017eil l\u00e1ny pol\u00ed, bez strom\u016f, obd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00e9 stroji. V kraji, kde v zim\u011b m\u00e1lo sn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, se p\u016fda rozdrobila suchem na pudr a sta\u010dil pon\u011bkud siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00edtr, nikoliv ork\u00e1n, kter\u00fd sebral p\u016fdu a hnal samum stovky kilometr\u016f daleko a zasyp\u00e1val kraj. To je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm, \u017ee tam \u010dlov\u011bk zm\u011bnil mikroklima a na \u010das i makroklima. Psal jsem o tomto \u00fakazu v odborn\u00fdch listech podle refer\u00e1t\u016f americk\u00fdch a porovn\u00e1val jsem tamn\u00ed klima s na\u0161\u00edm. Prohl\u00e1sil jsem, \u017ee se u n\u00e1s nemus\u00edme ob\u00e1vat pou\u0161t\u011b, ale mus\u00edme b\u00fdt velmi opatrn\u00ed, aby se Slov\u00e1cko neprom\u011bnilo v step, kdyby se vyskytovala such\u00e1 leta nikoliv ojedin\u011ble, n\u00fdbr\u017e s\u00e9riov\u011b jako te\u010f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na americk\u00e9m p\u0159ikladu jsme uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk dovede mikroklima pokazit. Obra\u0165me to, a uva\u00ad\u017eujme, zda je nem\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161it? \u010cteme ostatn\u011b, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch subtropick\u00fdch oblastech v se\u00advern\u00ed Africe a na bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b vznikaj\u00ed m\u011bsta, sady a pole, kde byla d\u0159\u00edve pou\u0161\u0165. Jist\u011b \u010dlov\u011bk zlep\u0161il mikroklima, nebo\u0165 jinak by ta m\u00edsta nebyla obyvateln\u00e1. V podstat\u011b v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk tehda, kdy\u017e dovede zabrzdit zhoubn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek v\u011btru, kter\u00fd vysu\u0161uje a nav\u00edv\u00e1 duny p\u00edsku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za jubilejn\u00edch oslav str\u00e1\u017enick\u00e9ho gymnasia 4. \u010dervence se dotkl slavnostn\u00ed \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk i toho, \u017ee se okol\u00ed m\u011bsta za n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed zm\u011bnilo. Ubylo sad\u016f, les\u016f, alej\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly rekrea\u010dn\u00edm p\u00e1sem ko\u00adlem m\u011bsta. S\u00e1m tvrd\u00edm, \u017ee za 40 let, co pozoruji tento kraj, skute\u010dn\u011b v sam\u00e9 Str\u00e1\u017enici nastaly de\u00advastace. Tyto z\u00e1sahy v\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b uvol\u0148uj\u00ed cestu \u0161kodliv\u00e9mu jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edmu v\u011btru, kter\u00fd je sku\u00adte\u010dnou raritou kraje p\u0159i lev\u00e9m b\u0159ehu st\u0159edn\u00ed a doln\u00ed Moravy. Tu je opravdu ve smyslu v\u00fdstrahy prof. Ulehly t\u0159eba n\u00e1pravy, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je nutno si to uv\u011bdomit. Neinformovan\u00fd by takov\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m nep\u0159i\u010d\u00edtal v\u00fdznamu. Zn\u00e1m opak z Prahy. Z\u00e1pad m\u011bsta se za 30 let prom\u011bnil v zelen\u00fd p\u00e1s. Sotva vyjdeme v l\u00e9t\u011b na z\u00e1padn\u00ed periferii m\u011bsta, pozn\u00e1me pocitem rozd\u00edl mezi vyprahl\u00fdm m\u011bstem a chl\u00e1dkem a vlhkem venkova.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u00edl\u00e9 Karpaty tvo\u0159\u00ed, jak se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, v p\u00e1su asi 10 a 20 km zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed oblast, p\u0159ed kterou se n\u011b\u00adkdy uh\u00fdbaj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed fronty za postupu od z\u00e1padu. Tyto fronty v l\u00e9t\u011b nesou s\u00a0ta\u017enou bou\u0159kou p\u00e1smo de\u0161t\u011b. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z tohoto, kraje potvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 a bohu\u017eel velmi zhusta pr\u00e1v\u011b za such\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed, \u017ee se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed bou\u0159ka od z\u00e1padu uhne sm\u011brem na Kyjov a pruh pod\u00e9l Karpat dostane jen v\u00edtr. \u010casto fronty de\u0161t\u011b a bou\u0159ek po cest\u011b 1000 km dlouh\u00e9 zanikaj\u00ed u B\u0159eclavi anebo se od sv\u00e9ho sm\u011bru odch\u00fdl\u00ed d\u00e1le na Brno a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Moravu nezas\u00e1hnou. Vypad\u00e1 tak, jakoby zes\u00edlen\u00fd jv v\u00edtr, kter\u00fd v tomto p\u00e1smu oby\u010dejn\u011b vane p\u0159ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se de\u0161\u0165ovou frontou, br\u00e1nil sv\u00fdm sestupn\u00fdm sm\u011brem vstupu de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">M\u00e1me v podstat\u011b de\u0161t\u011b dvoj\u00edho druhu. Ty, kter\u00e9 t\u00e1hnou krajem ve spojitosti s pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmi frontami, jejich\u017e v\u00fdskyt, polohu a rychlost pohybu hl\u00e1s\u00edme v rozhlase. Na dr\u00e1hu a \u00fa\u010dinky t\u011bch poruch \u010dlov\u011bk nijak p\u016fsobit nem\u016f\u017ee. Jen profil ter\u00e9nu jim stav\u00ed n\u011bkdy v cestu p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, a ne jim napom\u00e1h\u00e1. Profil ter\u00e9nu ov\u0161em se ned\u00e1 zm\u011bnit.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Druh\u00e9 typy de\u0161\u0165\u016f jsou m\u00edstn\u00ed, n\u00e1hodn\u00e9, tak jako bou\u0159ky, o nich\u017e jsme se zprvu zm\u00ednili. Ty jsou citliv\u00e9 mnohem v\u00edce na podrobnosti krajiny a \u010derpaj\u00ed event. z kraje posilu nebo zmar. Tyto de\u0161t\u011b jsou ve spojitosti s rozpadl\u00fdmi frontami. P\u0159\u00edkladem jsou m\u00edstn\u00ed bou\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 v\u00edd\u00e1me v poledn\u00ed hodin\u00e1ch nad horsk\u00fdmi h\u0159bety Beskyd nebo Tater. Kdy\u017e sestoup\u00ed bou\u0159ky do ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh, zanikaj\u00ed ov\u0161em rychle tam, kde jsou vyschl\u00e9 a bezles\u00e9 krajiny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">I vid\u00edme co jedin\u00e9 je v na\u0161\u00ed moci u\u010diniti. Zastavit dal\u0161\u00ed odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u016fsobit v\u0161emo\u017en\u011b k tom aby kraj byl co nejv\u00edce protk\u00e1n stromov\u00edm, na vhodn\u00fdch m\u00edstech i plochami lesn\u00edmi a hojn\u00fdmi sady. Tato \u00faprava m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edti za n\u00e1sledek zlep\u0161en\u00ed mikroklimatu v t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech:<\/span><\/p><ol><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e v such\u00e9m obdob\u00ed bude medardovsk\u00fd monsun zeslaben, jako na p\u0159\u00edklad letos a sm\u011brem od z\u00e1padu bude jeho \u00fa\u010dinku ub\u00fdvat a sr\u00e1\u017eky budou pov\u011bt\u0161in\u011b padat jen z bou\u0159ek, nebude snad tento kraj tak n\u00e1padn\u011b potla\u010dovat sv\u00fdm lok\u00e1ln\u00edm suchem ji\u017e v z\u00e1rodku vznik m\u00edstn\u00edch bou\u0159ek a rozb\u00edjet ty bou\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 vznikly na Karpatech.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V dob\u011b, kdy nebude ani sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch ani m\u00edstn\u00edch, udr\u017e\u00ed \u00fa\u010deln\u011b rozs\u00e1zen\u00e9 strome v\u00edc vlhkosti vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 v dob\u011b, kdy je toho nejv\u00edce t\u0159eba a pos\u00edl\u00ed vlhkem rostlinstvo zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9, o p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9m vlivu na spodn\u00ed vodu ani nemluv\u011b.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hlavn\u011b v\u0161ak \u00fa\u010deln\u011b nas\u00e1zen\u00e9 aleje topol\u016f a plochy h\u00e1j\u016f zadr\u017e\u00ed bezuzdn\u00fd foehn jako v\u011btrolamy a omez\u00ed t\u00edm v\u00fdpar, jen\u017e se neoby\u010dejn\u011b stup\u0148uje s v\u011btrem a t\u00edm zv\u011bt\u0161uje nedosycenost vzdu\u0161nou a \u017e\u00edze\u0148 rostlinstva.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto mo\u017enosti n\u00e1m jedin\u011b zb\u00fdvaj\u00ed a ty m\u011bl na mysli s botanick\u00e9ho hlediska prof. Dr. Vladim\u00edr \u00dalehla.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zd\u016fraz\u0148uji z\u00e1v\u011brem, \u017ee klimatizace tohoto kraje je nal\u00e9hav\u00e1 a meteorologicky pln\u011b od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e1. Bez n\u00ed mohla by zde vzniknouti step, kdyby se opakovala such\u00e1 l\u00e9ta ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch s\u00e9ri\u00edch. A nedejme se odradit od t\u00e9to n\u00e1pravy ani pak, kdyby p\u0159i\u0161la l\u00e9ta vlhk\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Doc. Dr. Alois Gregor, MZ 1947\/3, ro\u010dn\u00edk 1, str. 49-52<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sucho na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b (Na pam\u011b\u0165 \u00famrt\u00ed prof. Dr. Vladim\u00edra \u00dalehly) Autor t\u00e9to stat\u011b byl pozv\u00e1n, aby podal ve sch\u016fzi \u201eN\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho poradn\u00edho sboru slov\u00e1ck\u00fdch okres\u016f&#8221; refer\u00e1t o ot\u00e1zce sucha na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7641","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7641"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7645,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7641\/revisions\/7645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}