{"id":7623,"date":"2024-11-09T15:32:17","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T14:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=7623"},"modified":"2024-11-09T15:34:28","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T14:34:28","slug":"podnebi-ceskoslovenska","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/podnebi-ceskoslovenska\/","title":{"rendered":"Podneb\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7623\" class=\"elementor elementor-7623\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a13301 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a13301\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-622312f\" data-id=\"622312f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-899a76c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"899a76c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>PODNEB\u00cd \u010cESKOSLOVENSKA<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">C\u00edlem tohoto p\u0159ehledu je kartograficky podat n\u00e1stin obrazu souhry jednotliv\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jev\u016f v zem\u011bpisn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky. Vlo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fd\u00adsledn\u00e9 podnebn\u00e9 synthesy do zem\u011bpisn\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce m\u00e1 prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee vedle zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 polohy vzhledem k sv\u011bto\u00adv\u00e9mu rovn\u00edku a sv\u011btov\u00e9mu mo\u0159i je v\u016fd\u010d\u00edm \u010dinitelem aro povahu podneb\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ter\u00e9n: jeho zproh\u00fdbanost, nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 kon\u00adfigurace. Vliv ter\u00e9nu je sice v detailech na jednotliv\u00fdch m\u00edstech usm\u011brn\u011bn tak\u00e9 jin\u00fdmi \u010diniteli, ale jeho z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro teplotu, sr\u00e1\u017eky, v\u00edtr i jin\u00e9 podnebn\u00e9 znaky je v cel\u00e9m \u010ceskoslovensku p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podneb\u00ed vyjad\u0159uji pr\u016fm\u011bry nebo jin\u00fdmi statistick\u00fdmi representanty z\u00edskan\u00fdmi z \u0159ad \u00fadaj\u016f \u010dasov\u011b co nejdel\u0161\u00edch. \u00dadaje v\u0161ak nejsou, bohu\u017eel, ze stejn\u011b dlouh\u00fdch a soub\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pozorovac\u00edch obdob\u00ed. Jednotliv\u00e9 hodnoty \u010d\u00edseln\u011b neuv\u00e1d\u00edm, pouze (kartograficky zobrazuji) jejich zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161eho st\u00e1tu. Kartogra\u00adfickou metodu pova\u017euji pro klimatologii (\u010dili zem\u011bpis\u00adnou meteorologii) za nejn\u00e1zorn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a klimatologick\u00e9 v\u00fd\u00adsledky nejstru\u010dn\u011bji vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed. Jako pramen k prove\u00adden\u00ed mapek jsem u\u017eil tak\u00e9 prac\u00ed pp. Gregora, Hanzl\u00edka, L\u00e1sky, Schneidera, Smetany, \u0160alamona a Vesel\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce nelze sice vy\u010d\u00edst \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed and pod\u00adrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje, ale to tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed jej\u00edm \u00fakolem. M\u00e1 pouze podat co nejstru\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hrub\u00fd obraz z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pochleb\u00adn\u00fdch \u010dinitel\u016f (s v\u00fdjimkou pom\u011br\u016f v\u011btrn\u00fdch) s hlediska zem\u011bpisn\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">S v\u00fdjimkou mapek \u010d. 1, 2 a 3 (t. j. p\u0159ehled ro\u010dn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek, teploty a sn\u011bhu), je na v\u0161ech mapk\u00e1ch \u010dern\u011b vyzna\u010deno \u00fazem\u00ed s nadnorm\u00e1lem toho kter\u00e9ho zjevu a \u0161rafovan\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed s podnorm\u00e1lem. \u00dazem\u00ed na mapk\u00e1ch nevyzna\u010den\u00e9 je tedy nositelem hodnot norm\u00e1ln\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou v textu k mapk\u00e1m vyti\u0161t\u011bny prolo\u017een\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ro\u010dn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky. V \u010ceskoslovensku spadne b\u011b\u00adhem roku na 62 % \u00fazem\u00ed 60 a\u017e 80 cm vody. 16 % \u00fazem\u00ed m\u00e1 sr\u00e1\u017eek m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 60 cm (\u0161rafovan\u011b) a 22 % v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 mm (te\u010dkovan\u00e9; \u010d\u00edm hust\u011bji t\u00edm v\u00edce sr\u00e1\u017eek).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota. T\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny \u010ceskoslovenska maj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotu v mez\u00edch 4 a\u017e 8\u00b0 C. Jen 3 % \u00fazem\u00ed maj\u00ed teplotu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed (te\u010dkovan\u00e9) a 21 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed (\u0161ra\u00adfovan\u011b).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ro\u010dn\u00ed sn\u00edh. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska napadne b\u011bhem roku 50 a\u017e 150 cm sn\u011bhu. M\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 cm napadne na \u00fazem\u00ed na mapk\u00e1ch vy\u0161rafovan\u00e9m, v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 cm v oblastech vyzna\u010den\u00fdch \u010dern\u011b. P\u0159es 3 metry sn\u011bhu napadne b\u011bhem roku jen na vrcholc\u00edch Tater, Krkono\u0161. \u0160umavy a v okol\u00ed Prad\u011bdu a Lys\u00e9 hory. Vyte\u010dkovan\u00e9 oblasti maj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br sn\u011bhu napadl\u00e9ho b\u011b\u00adhem roku v mez\u00edch 50 a\u017e 75 cm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010det sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch dn\u00ed. V \u010ceskoslovensku je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch dn\u00ed 100 a\u017e 170 b\u011b\u00adhem roku. Oblasti s po\u010dtem sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch dn\u00ed men\u0161\u00edm jsou vy\u0161rafov\u00e1ny, \u00fazem\u00ed s nadnorm\u00e1lem je vyzna\u010deno \u010dern\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010det sn\u011b\u017en\u00fdch dn\u00ed. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ces\u00adkoslovenska sn\u011b\u017e\u00ed 25 a\u017e 45 dn\u00ed v roce. Oblasti s v\u011bt\u00ad\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem sn\u011b\u017en\u00fdch dn\u00ed jsou vyzna\u010deny \u010dern\u011b, m\u00edsta s men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem dni se sn\u011bhem jsou vy\u0161rafov\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p><ol><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010det bou\u0159kov\u00fdch dn\u00ed. Bou\u0159kov\u00fdch dn\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 v \u010ceskoslovensku obvykle 20 a\u017e 30 b\u011bhem roku. Oblast\u00ed s men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem jsou vy\u0161rafov\u00e1ny, oblasti s nad\u00adnorm\u00e1lem vyzna\u010deny \u010dern\u011b.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Obla\u010dnost. V \u010ceskoslovensku je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u00adla\u010dnost v roce 5,5 a\u017e 6,5. Oblasti s men\u0161\u00ed obla\u010dnost\u00ed (5,0 a\u017e 5,5) jsou vy\u0161rafov\u00e1ny, m\u00edsta s obla\u010dnost\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed (6,5 a\u017e 7,2) jsou vyzna\u010dena \u010dern\u00e9.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Svit slunce. Slunce oza\u0159uje v\u011bt\u0161inu \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cSR 1600 a\u017e 1800 hodin za rok. \u00dazem\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm oslun\u011bn\u00edm (a\u017e 2000 hodin) je vyzna\u010deno \u010dern\u011b, s men\u0161\u00edm oslun\u011bn\u00edm (pod 1600 hodin) je vy\u0161rafov\u00e1no,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010det zamra\u010den\u00fdch dn\u00ed. Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det zamra\u010den\u00fdch dn\u00ed 80\u2014100 % je v \u010ceskoslovensku 100 a\u017e 150 za rok. Oblasti s podnorm\u00e1lem jsou vy\u0161rafo\u00adv\u00e1ny, s nadnorm\u00e1lem vyzna\u010deny \u010dern\u011b. V oblasti s po\u010dtem dn\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edm je v\u00edce zamra\u010den\u00fdch dn\u00ed v z\u00e1padn\u00ed polovin\u011b st\u00e1tu, ne\u017e ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010det jasn\u00fdch dn\u00ed. Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det jasn\u00fdch dn\u00ed je 30 a\u017e 60 do roka. Men\u0161\u00ed po\u010det jasn\u00fdch dn\u00ed maj\u00ed oblasti vyzna\u010den\u00e9 \u0161rafovan\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det (60 a\u017e 90) ob\u00adlasti vyzna\u010den\u00e9 \u010dern\u011b.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lednov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesko\u00adslovenska napr\u0161\u00ed v lednu 3 a\u017e 6 cm vody. Na \u00fazem\u00ed vy\u00adzna\u010den\u00e9m \u0161rafovan\u011b napr\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 cm a v oblastech vyzna\u010den\u00fdch \u010dern\u011b napr\u0161\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e 6 cm.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cervencov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ces\u00adkoslovenska napr\u0161\u00ed v \u010dervenci 8 a\u017e 16 cm. Na \u00faze\u00adm\u00ed vyzna\u010den\u00e9m \u0161rafovan\u011b napr\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 8 cm (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 6 cm v\u0161ak jedin\u011b v okol\u00ed Kom\u00e1rna). Oblasti vyzna\u00ad\u010den\u00e9 \u010dern\u011b maj\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek vice ne\u017e 16 cm.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lednov\u00e9 teploty. Teplota v lednu je na v\u011bt\u00ad\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u011b v mez\u00edch \u20132\u00b0C a\u017e \u20135\u00b0C. Jen mal\u00e9 oblasti jsou teplej\u0161\u00ed (\u0161rafovan\u011b). Teploty ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u20135\u00b0 C zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen oblasti v\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e9 (vyzna\u00ad\u010deny \u010dern\u011b).<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cervencov\u00e9 teploty. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dervencov\u00e9 teploty v mez\u00edch 13 a \u017e 18,5\u00b0C. Oblasti s teplotami pod 13\u00b0C jsou vyzna\u010de\u00adny \u0161rafovan\u011b, oblasti teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e uveden\u00fd norm\u00e1l, jsou vyzna\u010deny \u010dern\u011b.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 maxima sr\u00e1\u017eek. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 maxima sr\u00e1\u017eek za 24 hodin se v \u010ceskoslovensku pohy\u00adbuj\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u011b v mez\u00edch 40 a\u017e 50 mm. Podnorm\u00e1l je vyzna\u010den \u0161rafovan\u011b, nadnorm\u00e1l \u010dern\u011b.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Minima teplo t y. Na velk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b, \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ces\u00adkoslovenska se minima teploty pohybuj\u00ed v mez\u00edch \u201320 a\u017e \u201330\u00b0 C. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnoty zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 jen mal\u00e1, \u0161rafov\u00e1n\u00edm vyzna\u010den\u00e1 oblast u Bratislavy, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje jsou v oblastech vyzna\u010den\u00fdch \u010dern\u011b.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Ladislav Zapletal, MZ 1950\/5-6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 4, str. 113-115<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PODNEB\u00cd \u010cESKOSLOVENSKA C\u00edlem tohoto p\u0159ehledu je kartograficky podat n\u00e1stin obrazu souhry jednotliv\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jev\u016f v zem\u011bpisn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky. Vlo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fd\u00adsledn\u00e9 podnebn\u00e9 synthesy do zem\u011bpisn\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce m\u00e1 prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee vedle [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7623","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7623"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7627,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7623\/revisions\/7627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}