{"id":7308,"date":"2024-11-04T17:45:41","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T16:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=7308"},"modified":"2024-11-08T20:10:37","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T19:10:37","slug":"svetovy_meteorologicky_den","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/svetovy_meteorologicky_den\/","title":{"rendered":"Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7308\" class=\"elementor elementor-7308\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4c901b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4c901b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7feb52b\" data-id=\"7feb52b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e6ff87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e6ff87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-610bc33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"610bc33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95bb65e\" data-id=\"95bb65e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bbc886 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bbc886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den se slav\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b dne 23. b\u0159ezna od roku 1961. Tento den byl zvolen proto, \u017ee k\u00a0jeho datu vstoupilo v\u00a0platnost ustaven\u00ed nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed odborn\u00e9 organizace OSN, Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO), kter\u00e1 nahradila dosavadn\u00ed nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologickou organizaci, vzniklou na v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9m kongresu v\u00a0roce 1873.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0roce 1947 byla od 4. srpna do 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed svol\u00e1na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 konference deseti technick\u00fdch komis\u00ed do Toronta v\u00a0Kanad\u011b a v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti potom a\u017e do 12. \u0159\u00edjna 1947 do Washingtonu v\u00a0USA, konference \u0159editel\u016f meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Z\u00a0\u010ceskoslovenska byla vysl\u00e1na delegace St\u00e1tn\u00edho meteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu ve slo\u017een\u00ed (v\u011bdeck\u00e9 tituly podle tehdej\u0161\u00edho stavu): doc. Dr. Alois Gregor, vedouc\u00ed delegace, prof. Dr. Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Kon\u010dek a Dr. Anton\u00edn Veseck\u00fd, \u010dlenov\u00e9 delegace. Startovali 17. srpna \u010dty\u0159motorov\u00fdm Constellationem z\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9ho leti\u0161t\u011b p\u0159es Shanon a Gander nejd\u0159\u00edve do Toronta a po skon\u010den\u00ed tamn\u00ed konference se p\u0159esunuli na konferenci do Washingtonu, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala 22. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1947. \u0158editel\u00e9 meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb podepsali ve Washingtonu konvenci o ustaven\u00ed SMO, ke kter\u00e9 se je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00ed lh\u016ft\u011b 120 dn\u00ed p\u0159ipojily dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b, v\u00a0celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu 42. \u010ceskoslovensko sv\u00fdm podpisem na t\u00e9to konferenci bylo mezi prvn\u00edmi signat\u00e1\u0159i. T\u00edm v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b SMO nebyla ustavena. Podle legislativn\u00edch pravidel bylo nutn\u00e9, aby smlouva nabyla pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moci ratifikac\u00ed vl\u00e1dami p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a teprve po schv\u00e1len\u00ed 30. st\u00e1tem a po 30denn\u00ed lh\u016ft\u011b, mohla b\u00fdt slavnostn\u011b vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena SMO. Ne\u017e se dostala tato ot\u00e1zka na po\u0159ad jedn\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch vl\u00e1d, uplynula pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e1 doba. Prvn\u00ed ratifikoval konvenci Island, a to 16. ledna 1948. \u010ceskoslovensko bylo v\u00a0po\u0159ad\u00ed dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 dnem 26. \u010dervna 1949. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd 30. st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd konvenci ratifikoval, byl Ir\u00e1k dne 21. \u00fanora 1950. Od tohoto data b\u011b\u017eela lh\u016fta 30 dn\u00ed, tak\u017ee SMO vznikla de jure i de facto dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1950. Proto 23. b\u0159ezen byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en jako Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den. Prvn\u00edm gener\u00e1ln\u00edm sekret\u00e1\u0159em SMO se stal p\u016fvodn\u011b pra\u017esk\u00fd meteorolog Dr. G. Swoboda. Potom prob\u00edhaly dal\u0161\u00ed ratifikace a byly p\u0159ijaty t\u00e9\u017e nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, p\u0159\u00edp. teritoria. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je to 156 st\u00e1t\u016f a p\u011bt teritori\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed, ned\u00e1vno vznikl\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ijat do SMO, je Antigua a Barbuda, dnem 16. listopadu 1988.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Otto \u0160ebek, MZ 1990\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 43, str. 47 a 64<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1befe14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1befe14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cdee003\" data-id=\"cdee003\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb335f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bb335f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2024<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97344c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97344c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-696cf15\" data-id=\"696cf15\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14d0d5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14d0d5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u0160\u0165astn\u00fd Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den!<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jak v\u00edte, je to moje prvn\u00ed oslava Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne ve funkci gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemnice Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace. D\u0159\u00edve jsem tento den slavila v argentinsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b, proto\u017ee je to jedine\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti o tom, kdo jsme, co d\u011bl\u00e1me a pro\u010d to d\u011bl\u00e1me.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u2013 \u010dlenov\u00e9 SMO \u2013 jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi hr\u00e1\u010di v boji proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. Spole\u010denstv\u00ed SMO poskytuje n\u00e1stroje a znalosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jak zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu, tak i p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed se t\u00e9to zm\u011bn\u011b. Je proto p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee leto\u0161n\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den se nese v duchu hesla \u201eV prvn\u00ed linii boje proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu.\u201c<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu klimatu znamenaj\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 lidi r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u011bci. V\u0161ichni se v\u0161ak shoduj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee je to nezbytn\u00e9 a nal\u00e9hav\u00e9. Je to v\u00fdzva pro v\u0161echny, v\u0161ichni mus\u00edme t\u00e1hnout za jeden provaz. Meteorologov\u00e9 a hydrologov\u00e9 shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed, publikuj\u00ed a analyzuj\u00ed \u00fadaje o po\u010das\u00ed, o vod\u011b a i o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ty jsou z\u00e1kladem pro pochopen\u00ed toho, co se d\u011bje s\u00a0klimatem v sou\u010dasnosti a jak se m\u011bn\u00ed. Nem\u016f\u017eeme se zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, co nem\u011b\u0159\u00edme, a pr\u00e1v\u011b zde m\u00e1 SMO nezastupitelnou \u00falohu. M\u00e1me za sebou v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 let hrd\u00e9 historie sd\u00edlen\u00ed dat a osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f. V\u00a0tom je na\u0161e s\u00edla. Na t\u00e9to pozici stav\u00edme a poskytujeme informace na podporu zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f zm\u011bny klimatu. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu jsme spustili program glob\u00e1ln\u00edho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f (Global Greenhouse Gas Watch). Pot\u0159ebujeme v\u00edce m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pro podporu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti ochrany klimatu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f v\u0161ak nesta\u010d\u00ed. Adaptace je NUTN\u00c1. Pro mnoh\u00e9 je to ot\u00e1zka \u017eivota a smrti. Hydrometeorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se prioritn\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem adaptace a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u0161ak mnoho zem\u00ed nen\u00ed schopno poskytovat v\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro ochranu sv\u00fdch obyvatel. Proto jsme jako sou\u010d\u00e1st celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed zah\u00e1jili iniciativu V\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro v\u0161echny (Early Warnings for All). Do konce roku 2027 mus\u00ed m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk na Zemi p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u010dasn\u00fdm, spolehliv\u00fdm a \u017eivot zachra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm informac\u00edm o po\u010das\u00ed a klimatick\u00fdch rizic\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60c51a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60c51a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea2b650\" data-id=\"ea2b650\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e246e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"72e246e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"412\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7414\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2024.jpg 410w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2024-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2024-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b9556be\" data-id=\"b9556be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faa7872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faa7872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podneb\u00ed a po\u010das\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny \u010dinnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad syst\u00e9my obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie, v\u010detn\u011b v\u011btrn\u00e9, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed a vodn\u00ed energie, zem\u011bd\u011blskou produkci, rybolov, dopravu i zdravotnictv\u00ed. Informace o po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu podporuj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst. Mus\u00edme ud\u011blat v\u00edce pro to, aby se v\u011bda o klimatu prom\u011bnila ve slu\u017ebu pro obyvatele, mus\u00edme tyto klimatick\u00e9 slu\u017eby l\u00e9pe zp\u0159\u00edstupnit a efektivn\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den se do pop\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Maj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik, rozvoj, adaptaci, zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017eitelnost. Mus\u00edme zajistit, aby se jejich odborn\u00e9 znalosti prom\u00edtly do politiky na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni v oblasti klimatu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-51ae324 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51ae324\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebc6ab5\" data-id=\"ebc6ab5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f86d7b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f86d7b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jako gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemnice SMO jsem odhodl\u00e1na spolupracovat s ka\u017edou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hydrologickou a meteorologickou slu\u017ebou, abych zajistila, \u017ee tento hodnotov\u00fd cyklus bude m\u00edt dopad na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, region\u00e1ln\u00ed i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni. Jde o podporu integrace a udr\u017eitelnosti.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 bezprecedentn\u00edm environment\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m nejsme pouh\u00fdmi pozorovateli. Jsme povol\u00e1ni k tomu, abychom m\u011bnili pravidla hry. Na\u0161e role v\u011bdc\u016f a ochr\u00e1nc\u016f planety nebyla nikdy tak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. \u017divoty budouc\u00edch generac\u00ed jsou v\u00a0na\u0161ich rukou. Na\u0161e dne\u0161n\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed zajist\u00ed budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u011bt \u2013 sv\u011bt, kde se d\u011btem bude da\u0159it v\u00a0souladu s p\u0159\u00edrodou.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Spole\u010dn\u011b stoj\u00edme v pop\u0159ed\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me na\u0161e spole\u010dn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti v n\u00e1\u0161 spole\u010dn\u00fd prosp\u011bch a udr\u017eiteln\u00fd z\u00edt\u0159ek.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u011bkuji v\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Celeste Saulo, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemnice SMO<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 77, 2024\/3, s. 108<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de9bb1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de9bb1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-856b3d7\" data-id=\"856b3d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9482efb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9482efb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2023<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0953b49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0953b49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0af101e\" data-id=\"0af101e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-795c349 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"795c349\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 2023: Budoucnost po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vody nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pozdravy ze sekretari\u00e1tu Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace v \u017denev\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na\u0161e po\u010das\u00ed, klima ani kolob\u011bh vody neznaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ani politick\u00e9 hranice. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce je nezbytn\u00e1. Tato filozofie \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pr\u00e1ci velk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 rodiny ji\u017e od roku 1873 a povede n\u00e1s i v budoucnu. Popt\u00e1vka po na\u0161\u00ed odbornosti a na\u0161\u00ed v\u011bd\u011b nebyla nikdy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 2023 je velmi v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd, proto\u017ee se kon\u00e1 v\u00a0dob\u011b 150. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edch\u016fdce Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, kterou byla Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 organizace.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby za posledn\u00edch 150 let shrom\u00e1\u017edily a standardizovaly \u00fadaje tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, dnes pova\u017eovan\u00fd za samoz\u0159ejmost. Historie v\u00fdm\u011bny dat WMO je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem v\u011bdeck\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159i z\u00e1chran\u011b \u017eivot\u016f a \u017eivobyt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jsme druhou nejstar\u0161\u00ed agenturou OSN. Jsme hrd\u00ed na na\u0161e \u00fasp\u011bchy a oslav\u00edme je v p\u0159elomov\u00e9m roce, kdy n\u00e1\u0161 \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd kongres schv\u00e1l\u00ed strategick\u00e9 priority na podporu na\u0161\u00ed vize sv\u011bta, odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u016f\u010di extr\u00e9m\u016fm po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu, vody a dal\u0161\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>V\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro v\u0161echny <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed snaha zajistit, aby \u017eivot zachra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed byly k dispozici v\u0161em v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch p\u011bti letech, se zvy\u0161uje. Iniciativa V\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro v\u0161echny, kterou zah\u00e1jil gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk OSN Ant\u00f3nio Guterres u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2022, byla schv\u00e1lena na COP27 v Sharm-el-Sheikhu a z\u00edskala podporu od rozvinut\u00fdch i rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, z rodiny OSN i ze soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed funguj\u00ed. Mus\u00ed pracovat pro v\u0161echny. Polovina \u010dlen\u016f WMO st\u00e1le nem\u00e1 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00edce riziky a pot\u0159ebujeme tak zaplnit mezery v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pozorovac\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, zejm\u00e9na v nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch a mal\u00fdch ostrovn\u00edch rozvojov\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. V\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou dosa\u017eiteln\u00fdm ovocem p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu \u2013 co\u017e u\u017e d\u00e1vno nen\u00ed luxus, ale nutnost. Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra jsou v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch deseti letech nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rizikem pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku neschopnost zm\u00edrnit zm\u011bnu klimatu, selh\u00e1n\u00ed adaptace na zm\u011bnu klimatu a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nejm\u00e9n\u011b polovina v\u0161ech katastrof souvis\u00ed s vodou. Na UN Water Conference v New Yorku (22. a\u017e 24. dubna) dolo\u017e\u00ed WMO, jak se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed rizika souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s vodou, jako jsou z\u00e1plavy a sucha. Klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f tak\u00e9 povedou k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu vodn\u00edmu stresu. Lep\u0161\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, a proto WMO pracuje na Glob\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9mu informac\u00ed o vod\u011b, aby podpo\u0159ila volnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu hydrologick\u00fdch dat.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b029840 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b029840\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c450994\" data-id=\"c450994\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d268b54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d268b54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"351\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2023.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7410\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2023.jpg 250w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2023-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1a3d5d\" data-id=\"f1a3d5d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f1df32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f1df32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zm\u011bna klimatu je ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzvou na\u0161\u00ed doby. To, jak na tuto v\u00fdzvu zareagujeme, ur\u010d\u00ed budoucnost na\u0161\u00ed planety a na\u0161ich d\u011bt\u00ed a vnou\u010dat. To je zd\u016frazn\u011bno ve shrnut\u00ed \u0160est\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu pro zm\u011bnu klimatu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota je o v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,1 \u00b0C vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e byla p\u0159i zalo\u017een\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 organizace p\u0159ed 150 lety. Na\u0161e po\u010das\u00ed je extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, oce\u00e1n je teplej\u0161\u00ed a kyselej\u0161\u00ed, hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed stouply a ledovce a led taj\u00ed. Tempo zm\u011bn se zrychluje. Atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na rekordn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch. A p\u0159esto v sou\u010dasnosti neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 komplexn\u00ed a v\u010dasn\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna povrchov\u00fdch a vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2394623 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2394623\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64af4c0\" data-id=\"64af4c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0a513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d0a513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Aby zaplnila tuto mezeru, sna\u017e\u00ed se WMO vyvinout udr\u017eitelnou a koordinovanou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastrukturu pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Ta by roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila a upevnila dlouhodob\u00e9 aktivity WMO v oblasti monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pod z\u00e1\u0161titou Global Atmosphere Watch a Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System. Koncept vych\u00e1z\u00ed z velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 iniciativy World Weather Watch, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159edstavena na za\u010d\u00e1tku dru\u017eicov\u00e9 \u00e9ry a letos slav\u00ed 60. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zlat\u00fdm standardem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010clenov\u00e9 WMO mohou b\u00fdt hrd\u00ed na na\u0161e \u00fasp\u011bchy v na\u0161\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 a bohat\u00e9 historii. Za\u010dali jsme \u017eivot v \u00e9\u0159e morseovky a telegram\u016f pro p\u0159edpov\u011bdi p\u0159epravy. Superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de a dru\u017eicov\u00e9 technologie otev\u00edraj\u00ed nov\u00e9 obzory pro st\u00e1le spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu \u2013 s mo\u017enost\u00ed model\u016f v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku kilometr\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ale i v \u00e9\u0159e um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed jsme st\u00e1le z\u00e1visl\u00ed na osobn\u00edm nasazen\u00ed a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kte\u0159\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den v roce pracuj\u00ed na z\u00e1chran\u011b \u017eivot\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u011bkujeme v\u00e1m v\u0161em.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prof. Petteri Taalas, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk WMO<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 76, 2023\/2, s. 67<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-961768b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"961768b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f630c54\" data-id=\"f630c54\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06937e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c06937e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2022<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9898718 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9898718\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ae16a9\" data-id=\"2ae16a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56b3656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56b3656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den je v\u00a0roce 2022 v\u011bnov\u00e1n t\u00e9matu \u201eV\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u010dasn\u00e1 akce: hydrometeorologick\u00e9 a klimatick\u00e9 informace pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika katastrof\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pozdravy ze sekretari\u00e1tu Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace v \u017denev\u011b. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritou WMO je chr\u00e1nit \u017eivoty a \u017eivotn\u00ed zdroje p\u0159ed extr\u00e9my po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vody. Ka\u017edou minutu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho dne v roce. Jsem proto velmi r\u00e1d, \u017ee t\u00e9matem Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2022 je \u201eV\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u010dasn\u00e1 akce\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u00e9ma oce\u0148uje velk\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v\u00a0oblasti zdokonalen\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tak\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci slo\u017eek v\u011bnuj\u00edc\u00edch se sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, aby tato v\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed vedla ke v\u010dasn\u00e9 akci.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ale nem\u016f\u017eeme b\u00fdt uspokojeni. \u010cel\u00edme mnoha v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby se v\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed dostalo co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee k t\u011bm nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed je nejv\u00edce pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zm\u011bna klimatu je ji\u017e nyn\u00ed velmi zjevn\u00e1 v\u00fdskytem extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed ve v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. Zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1me intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlny veder a sucha a lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry. V atmosf\u00e9\u0159e m\u00e1me v\u00edce vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry, co\u017e vede k extr\u00e9mn\u00edm sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m a zhoubn\u00fdm z\u00e1plav\u00e1m. Oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1nu vede k siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm tropick\u00fdm bou\u0159\u00edm a stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladina mo\u0159\u00ed zvy\u0161uje navazuj\u00edc\u00ed dopady.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee tento negativn\u00ed trend bude pokra\u010dovat. Koncentrace sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f jsou na rekordn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch, co\u017e vede ke zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, s\u00a0t\u00e1n\u00edm ledovc\u016f a stoup\u00e1n\u00edm hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e do stalet\u00ed. Krom\u011b zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu je hlavn\u00ed prioritou p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. Syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak jej zajistit.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce zve\u0159ejnila WMO zpr\u00e1vu o statistik\u00e1ch katastrof za posledn\u00edch 50 let. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee do\u0161lo k v\u00edce ne\u017e 11\u00a0000 katastrof\u00e1m souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s po\u010das\u00edm, klimatem a vodou, co\u017e se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rovn\u00e1 jedn\u00e9 katastrof\u011b denn\u011b. Do\u0161lo ke 2 milion\u016fm \u00famrt\u00ed \u2013 neboli 115 za den.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010det katastrof se za posledn\u00edch 50 let zv\u00fd\u0161il p\u011btin\u00e1sobn\u011b. A ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady vzrostly. Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou ale je, \u017ee po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed dramaticky klesl. V zachra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivot\u016f jsme lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdy p\u0159edt\u00edm. Superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de, satelity a pokroky ve v\u011bd\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily p\u0159esnost na\u0161ich p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. Upozorn\u011bn\u00ed z mobiln\u00edho telefonu a informace z aplikac\u00ed o po\u010das\u00ed mohou dos\u00e1hnout i do odlehl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">WMO podporuje p\u0159edpov\u011bdi zalo\u017een\u00e9 na uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f, tedy jak\u00e9 bude po\u010das\u00ed a co zp\u016fsob\u00ed. To je pot\u0159eba ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti a v\u010dasn\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed u r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupin u\u017eivatel\u016f a z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou z\u00e1visl\u00ed na po\u010das\u00ed. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u0161ak ud\u011blat mnohem v\u00edce. Pouze polovina ze 193 \u010dlen\u016f WMO m\u00e1 zaveden\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00edce riziky. Existuje tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e1 pot\u0159eba zlep\u0161it schopnosti velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dlen\u016f v oblasti progn\u00f3zov\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b040cfc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b040cfc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae53061\" data-id=\"ae53061\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f763665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f763665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"292\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2022.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7406\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4be5fe\" data-id=\"e4be5fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c955d4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c955d4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V Africe, n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky a na tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch a karibsk\u00fdch ostrovech existuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nedostatky v meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch pozorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. To oslabuje m\u00edstn\u00ed i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed progn\u00f3zy.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace proto vytvo\u0159ila mechanismus financov\u00e1n\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako SOFF (The Systematic Observation Financing Facility) k podpo\u0159e investic do z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a dopln\u011bn\u00ed chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch dat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">WMO je implementa\u010dn\u00edm partnerem v iniciativ\u011b Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems Initiative (CREWS), kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed odolnost v r\u00e1mci zraniteln\u00fdch zem\u00ed a komunit. WMO usiluje v \u010dele nov\u00e9 koalice pro vodu a klima v\u00edce se zam\u011b\u0159it na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s vodou a jej\u00ed nedostatek. M\u00e1me velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 programy a projekty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tropick\u00fdch cykl\u00f3n\u016f, pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch z\u00e1plav, povodn\u00ed a sucha.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-222a445 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"222a445\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6987b05\" data-id=\"6987b05\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f027c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f027c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V \u017denev\u011b jsme spojili s\u00edly s \u00da\u0159adem OSN pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof, abychom vytvo\u0159ili centrum excelence pro zm\u011bnu klimatu a katastrofy. WMO vyv\u00edj\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00fd mechanismus pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed spolehliv\u00fdch a v\u011brohodn\u00fdch informac\u00ed humanit\u00e1rn\u00edm agentur\u00e1m OSN, aby byly schopny optimalizovat humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc p\u0159ed a po katastrof\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 po\u010das\u00edm. Spolupracujeme s finan\u010dn\u00edmi institucemi, jako je Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka, Evropsk\u00e1 unie, UNDP, Green Climate Fund, abychom vy\u010dlenili v\u00edce finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na slu\u017eby v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed a zajistili udr\u017eitelnost investic.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, WMO se zav\u00e1zala k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agend\u011b 2030 v oblasti klimatu, udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Viz\u00ed WMO je, \u017ee do roku 2030 spat\u0159\u00edme sv\u011bt, kde v\u0161echny n\u00e1rody, zejm\u00e9na ty nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, budou odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di socioekonomick\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm extr\u00e9mn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu, vody a dal\u0161\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. V\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed funguj\u00ed. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt k dispozici v\u0161em. Mus\u00ed v\u00e9st k v\u010dasn\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159eji v\u00e1m v\u0161em \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Petteri Taalas, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk, Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 75, 2022\/2, str. 68<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a76e318 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a76e318\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f9bffb\" data-id=\"1f9bffb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-377e65e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"377e65e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2021<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107ec57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107ec57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4260514\" data-id=\"4260514\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c31f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4c31f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den je v roce 2021 v\u011bnov\u00e1n t\u00e9matu \u201eOce\u00e1n: na\u0161e klima a po\u010das\u00ed\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den v roce 2021 je v\u011bnov\u00e1n t\u00e9matu \u201cOce\u00e1n, na\u0161e klima a po\u010das\u00ed\u201d. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 se j\u00edm pozornost, kterou WMO v\u011bnuje vazb\u00e1m mezi oce\u00e1nem, klimatem<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">a po\u010das\u00edm v r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch proces\u016f Zem\u011b.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na\u0161e m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se klima otepluje oce\u00e1n, co\u017e m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na na\u0161e po\u010das\u00ed. Z v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">WMO o stavu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatu vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee rok 2020 byl podle z\u00e1znam\u016f jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed nejteplej\u0161\u00edch, a to navzdory ochlazen\u00ed La Ni\u00f1a v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Uplynul\u00e9 desetilet\u00ed 2011\u20132020 bylo v z\u00e1znamech v\u016fbec nejteplej\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Teplota oce\u00e1n\u016f je rekordn\u00ed, okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f pokra\u010duje. Mo\u0159sk\u00fd led taje. Tempo stoup\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hladiny se zrychlilo. V uplynul\u00e9m roce jsme byli sv\u011bdky dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho sucha,<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">kter\u00e9 prodlou\u017eilo obdob\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ni\u010div\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry v Austr\u00e1lii byly spojov\u00e1ny s teplotami oce\u00e1nu, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly vliv na su\u0161\u0161\u00ed sez\u00f3nn\u00ed charakter klimatu.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Teplota oce\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159isp\u011bla k rekordn\u00ed sez\u00f3n\u011b hurik\u00e1n\u016f v Atlantiku a neobvykle intenzivn\u00edm tropick\u00fdm cyklon\u016fm v Indick\u00e9m a ji\u017en\u00edm Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. \u0160kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 bou\u0159kov\u00fdmi<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">p\u0159\u00edvaly v t\u011bchto oblastech uk\u00e1zaly s\u00edlu oce\u00e1nu a jeho ni\u010div\u00fd dopad na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed komunity.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Netropick\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 bou\u0159e nad\u00e1le zp\u016fsobovaly spou\u0161\u0165 na palub\u00e1ch lod\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k dal\u0161\u00edm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m na \u017eivotech a n\u00e1kladu na mo\u0159i.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 2020 pat\u0159ilo minimum rozlohy mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu v Arktid\u011b podle \u010dasov\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f k nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm hodnot\u00e1m. Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed komunity byly vystaveny abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edm z\u00e1plav\u00e1m<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">a ohro\u017een\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdm ledem v d\u016fsledku t\u00e1n\u00ed ledu. Vzhledem k t\u011bmto skute\u010dnostem m\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem na podpo\u0159e v\u00fdzkumu,<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a slu\u017eeb pro oce\u00e1n stejn\u011b jako pro atmosf\u00e9ru, pevninu a kryosf\u00e9ru.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Velk\u00e9 mezery v \u00fadaj\u00edch o oce\u00e1nu omezuj\u00ed na\u0161i schopnost p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u00eddat po\u010das\u00ed v prodlou\u017een\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, a t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e pro d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed a\u017e sezonn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Konference WMO o datech v listopadu 2020 p\u0159ipustila velk\u00e9 mezery v datech, zejm\u00e9na oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch. Zd\u016fraznila pot\u0159ebu voln\u00e9ho a otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k \u00fadaj\u016fm o syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch procesech Zem\u011b, aby se maximalizoval celkov\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd dopad vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">WMO nav\u00e1zala \u0159adu partnerstv\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 s Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed oce\u00e1nografickou komis\u00ed UNESCO, s c\u00edlem l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt, pozorovat a p\u0159edpov\u00eddat v\u00fdvoj oce\u00e1nu jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho zemsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-038e94f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"038e94f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-557e1a5\" data-id=\"557e1a5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7cebea elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d7cebea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"216\" height=\"305\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2021.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7419\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2021.jpg 216w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2021-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6efb4f\" data-id=\"b6efb4f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a1a8cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a1a8cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace \u017eije ve vzd\u00e1lenosti do 100 km od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, je nal\u00e9hav\u011b nutn\u00e9 zajistit bezpe\u010dnost komunit p\u0159ed dopady p\u0159\u00edb\u0159e\u017en\u00edch rizik. WMO <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\">a jej\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed na podpo\u0159e spr\u00e1vy a odolnosti pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblast\u00ed a posiluj\u00ed syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi riziky.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu se uskute\u010d\u0148uje p\u0159es mo\u0159e a je vystaveno nebezpe\u010d\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed. WMO spolupracuje s Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed organizac\u00ed a Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hydrografickou organizac\u00ed na poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed standardizovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed, p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a v\u00fdstrah, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna bezpe\u010dnost \u017eivot\u016f a majetku na mo\u0159i.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed desetilet\u00ed bude rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed postup\u016f, jak se p\u0159izp\u016fsobit dopad\u016fm zm\u011bny klimatu a zm\u00edrnit je. WMO v tomto \u00fasil\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jako ur\u010den\u00fd nominuj\u00edc\u00ed na cenu Earth Shot Prize (2021 a\u017e 2030), kter\u00e1 hled\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nal\u00e9hav\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdzev, v\u010detn\u011b oce\u00e1n\u016f a klimatu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-892a339 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"892a339\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b37735\" data-id=\"0b37735\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c58e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10c58e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Leto\u0161n\u00ed rok je pro WMO d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd tak\u00e9 z d\u016fvodu zah\u00e1jen\u00ed Dek\u00e1dy oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u011bdy pro udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f (2021\u20132030). WMO je odhodl\u00e1na p\u0159isp\u011bt velkou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f Dek\u00e1dy v\u00a0oblastech \u201ebezpe\u010dn\u00fd oce\u00e1n\u201c, \u201ep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd oce\u00e1n\u201c a \u201etransparentn\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u201c.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Spole\u010dn\u011b s partnery se WMO sna\u017e\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it v\u011bdu o zemsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu na slu\u017eby.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Abychom porozum\u011bli na\u0161emu po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu, mus\u00edme porozum\u011bt na\u0161emu oce\u00e1nu. Budeme o to i nad\u00e1le usilovat, abychom chr\u00e1nili zraniteln\u00e9 komunity a podpo\u0159ili Sendajsk\u00fd r\u00e1mec pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof, C\u00edle udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje OSN, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017eskou dohodu o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu a Ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n SAMOA.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">WMO vede v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm roce n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch iniciativ, kter\u00e9 se budou zab\u00fdvat prioritami na\u0161ich \u010dlen\u016f:<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1. D\u016fle\u017eitost pos\u00edlen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a zaveden\u00ed inovativn\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho n\u00e1stroje SOFF k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed systematick\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu, zejm\u00e9na pro nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b a mal\u00e9 ostrovn\u00ed rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme koalici pro vodu a klima s c\u00edlem urychlit opat\u0159en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci 6. c\u00edle udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje OSN, kter\u00fd se t\u00fdk\u00e1 vody.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">3. A za t\u0159et\u00ed bychom r\u00e1di zajistili pos\u00edlen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi riziky a syst\u00e9mu slu\u017eeb ve v\u0161ech na\u0161ich \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159eji v\u00e1m v\u0161em \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Petteri Taalas, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, MZ 2021\/3<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57c9648 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57c9648\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8510a24\" data-id=\"8510a24\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e38564d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e38564d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2019<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e910f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e910f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9109229\" data-id=\"9109229\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8545c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8545c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SV\u011aTOV\u00dd METEOROLOGICK\u00dd DEN JE V ROCE 2019 V\u011aNOV\u00c1N T\u00c9MATU \u201eSLUNCE, ZEM\u011a A PO\u010cAS\u00cd \u201d<\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Slunce dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Zemi energii, kter\u00e1 je zdrojem ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Energii, kter\u00e1 poh\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 proudy a kolob\u011bh vody. Slunce ovliv\u0148uje n\u00e1ladu a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed aktivity n\u00e1s v\u0161ech&#8230;. Je inspirac\u00ed pro skladatele hudby, je t\u00e9matem fotografi\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch um\u011bleck\u00fdch prac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Slunce je srdcem slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, a i kdy\u017e je vzd\u00e1leno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 150 milion\u016f kilometr\u016f od Zem\u011b, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b dostatek tepla, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e prosperuje v\u0161e \u017eiv\u00e9. Ji\u017e 4,5 miliardy let je tato hork\u00e1 koule \u017ehav\u00e9ho plazmatu \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed silou po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu a \u017eivota na Zemi. Dru\u017eicov\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed posledn\u00edch 30 let ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee se p\u0159\u00edsun slune\u010dn\u00ed energie nezv\u00fd\u0161il a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry nelze p\u0159ipsat zm\u011bn\u00e1m slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">R\u016fst glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobuje t\u00e1n\u00ed ledu a zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f, je zp\u016fsoben sklen\u00edkov\u00fdmi plyny s dlouhou dobou \u017eivotnosti. Koncentrace oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho dos\u00e1hly v roce 2017 \u00farovn\u011b 405,5 ppm a nad\u00e1le pokra\u010duj\u00ed v r\u016fstu. N\u00e1r\u016fst radia\u010dn\u00edho efektu sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, kter\u00fd zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ru, od roku 1990 dos\u00e1hl 41 %. Z toho okolo 82 % tvo\u0159il v posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1d\u011b p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek CO2.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Bude-li st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed trend n\u00e1r\u016fstu koncentrac\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pokra\u010dovat, m\u016f\u017eeme se do konce stolet\u00ed do\u010dkat vzestupu teploty o 3 a\u017e 5 \u00b0C. To je podstatn\u011b v\u00edce, ne\u017e je c\u00edl Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), kter\u00e1 usiluje o udr\u017een\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty pod 2 \u00b0C a pokud mo\u017eno co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee k 1,5 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna vedla k n\u00e1r\u016fstu extr\u00e9mn\u00edch veder a po\u010dtu zaznamen\u00e1van\u00fdch teplotn\u00edch rekord\u016f v podob\u011b denn\u00edch maxim na jednotliv\u00fdch stanic\u00edch, ale i rekord\u016f na \u00farovni cel\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, region\u016f a na \u00farovn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed. Hork\u00e9 vlny se objevuj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve a kon\u010d\u00ed pozd\u011bji v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku, jsou \u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7ef0fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7ef0fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c258c7\" data-id=\"1c258c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05457c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"05457c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"248\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2019.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7402\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8dde326\" data-id=\"8dde326\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38da5d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38da5d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Klimatick\u00e9 modely predikuj\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b region\u016f na sou\u0161i i na mo\u0159i. Projekce v\u00fdvoje klimatu o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdskyt teplotn\u00edch extr\u00e9m\u016f v nejv\u00edce os\u00eddlen\u00fdch regionech Zem\u011b, v \u0159ad\u011b region\u016f lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat n\u00e1r\u016fst extr\u00e9mn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek, jinde pak vzroste pravd\u011bpodobnost nedostatku sr\u00e1\u017eek a sucha. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se n\u00e1r\u016fst rizika spojen\u00e9ho s klimatick\u00fdmi jevy postihuj\u00edc\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, majetek, potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost, z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou, bezpe\u010dnost a ekonomick\u00fd r\u016fst.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Slunce n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout alternativn\u00ed zdroj energie, kterou lze z\u00edsk\u00e1vat i p\u0159i velk\u00e9 obla\u010dnosti. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed energie se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a st\u00e1le v\u00edce je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no pro v\u00fdrobu elektrick\u00e9 energie, oh\u0159ev a odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed vody.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-865f498 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"865f498\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2031786\" data-id=\"2031786\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ae4e9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ae4e9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kl\u00ed\u010dovou rol\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (SMO) je zvy\u0161ovat odolnost spole\u010dnost\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, k jej\u00edmu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomu, jak Slunce ovliv\u0148uje po\u010das\u00ed a klima, naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Integrovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a modelov\u00e1n\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd komunita SMO zaji\u0161\u0165uje, poskytne nejlep\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 poznatky a operativn\u00ed slu\u017eby a produkty pro podporu st\u00e1t\u016f a jejich aktivit spojen\u00fdch s po\u010das\u00edm, klimatem, hydrologi\u00ed, oce\u00e1ny a \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, nebo aktivit ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch t\u011bmito faktory.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Petteri Taalas, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk, Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 72, 2019\/2, s. 63<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cebd2d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cebd2d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d67af66\" data-id=\"d67af66\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ad84c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ad84c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2018<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d77f64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d77f64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bdda094\" data-id=\"bdda094\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6002a33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6002a33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\">POSELSTV\u00cd U P\u0158\u00cdLE\u017dITOSTI SV\u011aTOV\u00c9HO METEOROLOGICK\u00c9HO DNE 2018<\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO Petteriho Taalase<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u201eWeather-ready, climate-smart\u201c voln\u011b a obrazn\u011b p\u0159elo\u017eeno: \u201eNa po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159ipraveni, na klima (znalostmi) vybaveni\u201c, je t\u00e9ma vybran\u00e9 pro Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 2018. Pokud p\u0159id\u00e1me heslo \u201ewater-wise\u201c, v p\u0159ekladu \u201ena vodu (v\u011bdomostmi) pos\u00edleni\u201c, uzav\u0159eme okruh z\u00e1kladn\u00edch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 podmi\u0148uj\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010das\u00ed, klima a voda jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 blaho, zdrav\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnost potravin. Av\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt i destruktivn\u00ed. Jevy se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky, jako jsou tropick\u00e9 cyklony, mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, hork\u00e9 vlny, sucha, zimn\u00ed bou\u0159ky a mraziv\u00e9 teploty, pohlcuj\u00ed \u017eivoty a \u017eivobyt\u00ed po v\u011bky. Ov\u0161em nyn\u00ed vede zm\u011bna klimatu k\u00a0zintenziv\u011bn\u00ed a \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdskytu n\u011bkter\u00fdch t\u011bchto jev\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za\u010d\u00e1tek roku 2018 pokra\u010doval tam, kde rok 2017 skon\u010dil \u2013 extr\u00e9mn\u00edm po\u010das\u00edm, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo \u017eivoty a ni\u010dilo \u017eivobyt\u00ed. Obdob\u00ed hurik\u00e1n\u016f v roce 2017 bylo pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nej\u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v historii a zni\u010dilo dek\u00e1dy pokroku v rozvoji mal\u00fdch ostrov\u016f Karibiku, jako je Dominika. Povodn\u011b vyko\u0159enily miliony lid\u00ed na Asijsk\u00e9m kontinentu, zat\u00edmco sucho zn\u00e1sobilo chudobu a zv\u00fd\u0161ilo migra\u010dn\u00ed tlaky v oblasti Africk\u00e9ho rohu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee po druh\u00fd n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok bylo \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u016fbec nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011btem z\u00e1jmu vyzdvihovan\u00fdm sv\u011btov\u00fdmi l\u00eddry ve Zpr\u00e1v\u011b o glob\u00e1ln\u00edch rizic\u00edch Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra. T\u00e9mata zmi\u0148ovala extr\u00e9mn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, ztr\u00e1tu biodiverzity a kolaps ekosyst\u00e9mu, st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy, \u010dlov\u011bkem zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 katastrofy a selh\u00e1n\u00ed ve vztahu ke zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se t\u00e9to zm\u011bn\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jevy extr\u00e9mn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed byly pokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny za jedno z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rizik.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rok 2017 byl jeden ze t\u0159\u00ed nejteplej\u0161\u00edch zaznamenan\u00fdch rok\u016f a byl nejteplej\u0161\u00edm rokem bez jevu El Ni\u00f1o. Dlouhodob\u00e1 klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna jako d\u016fsledek emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed na\u0161i planetu k teplej\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti s extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm po\u010das\u00edm a krajn\u00edmi vodn\u00edmi situacemi.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">M\u00fdm p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm je, aby v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty WMO byly nakonec \u201ena po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159ipraveny\u201c (\u201eweather-ready\u201d) a \u201ena klima vybaveny\u201c (\u201eclimate-smart\u201d) \u2013 stejn\u011b jako \u201ena vodu pos\u00edleny\u201c (\u201ewater-wise\u201d). Je to nezbytn\u00e9 k podpo\u0159e mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agendy udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. Zejm\u00e9na je pot\u0159eba p\u0159ipravit se na extr\u00e9my po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vody prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm lep\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi riziky (multi-hazard early warning systems) a l\u00e9pe koordinovanou odezvou. K usnadn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto \u00fakolu uve\u0159ej\u0148uje WMO kontroln\u00ed seznam pro syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdmi riziky jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd praktick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj k pos\u00edlen\u00ed odolnosti.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby by m\u011bly b\u00fdt schopny poskytnout p\u0159esn\u00e9 a v\u010dasn\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro v\u0161echny ud\u00e1losti po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc nowcastingem, p\u0159es d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed sezonn\u00ed a pln\u011b sezonn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed a dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje klimatu v\u0161em z\u00e1jemc\u016fm, od jednotlivc\u016f po spole\u010dnost, rozli\u010dn\u00fdm podnikatelsk\u00fdm sektor\u016fm a politik\u016fm, v co nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm a srozumiteln\u00e9m jazyce.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prvn\u00edm krokem k budov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti v\u016f\u010di extr\u00e9mn\u00edm jev\u016fm po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu je zalo\u017een\u00ed robustn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 pozorovac\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 \u2013 zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed pevninu, atmosf\u00e9ru a mo\u0159e, stejn\u011b jako dru\u017eicov\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 je podm\u00ednkou pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed dat k\u00a0podpo\u0159e p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a v\u010dasn\u00fdch varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro extr\u00e9mn\u00ed jevy po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu. WMO je jako sdru\u017een\u00ed zapojeno do poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory sv\u00fdm \u010dlen\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed obnovit svou m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed infrastrukturu a rozvoj klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb nab\u00edz\u00ed dobrou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ji poskytnout.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-179f7ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"179f7ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1939eef\" data-id=\"1939eef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3301df1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3301df1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"296\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SMD_2018.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7398\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18abf89\" data-id=\"18abf89\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd5bf86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd5bf86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1vazn\u011b, odolnost spole\u010dnosti v\u016f\u010di extr\u00e9m\u016fm po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt rozv\u00edjena na z\u00e1klad\u011b pokroku ve v\u011bd\u011b a technologi\u00edch pro p\u0159edpov\u011bdi. Dramatick\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu ztracen\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f v\u00a0d\u016fsledku nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jev\u016f b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch t\u0159iceti let se z valn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159isuzuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed a varov\u00e1n\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed koordinace s org\u00e1ny krizov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u00edky rozvoji numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed je dne\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f na p\u011bt dn\u016f stejn\u011b dobr\u00e1, jako p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f na dva dny p\u0159ed dvaceti lety. A tento v\u00fdvoj pokra\u010duje ve prosp\u011bch v\u010dasn\u00fdch varov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Skute\u010dn\u011b, v\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed je hlavn\u00edm prvkem p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof. M\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edej\u00edt ztr\u00e1t\u011b \u017eivot\u016f a omezit hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a materi\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b katastrof. K zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed efektivity je nutn\u00e9, aby do syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed byli aktivn\u011b zapojeni ob\u010dan\u00e9 a komunity vystaven\u00e9 riziku \u0159ady nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed,<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d098eab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d098eab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5124fa3\" data-id=\"5124fa3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b223d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b223d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">byla usnadn\u011bna osv\u011bta ve\u0159ejnosti ohledn\u011b uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed rizik, efektivn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1ny zpr\u00e1vy a varov\u00e1n\u00ed a zaji\u0161t\u011bn trval\u00fd stav p\u0159ipravenosti. <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z tohoto d\u016fvodu WMO iniciovala vytvo\u0159en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho a standardizovan\u00e9ho varovn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro r\u016fznorod\u00e1 rizika ve spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi meteorologick\u00fdmi a hydrologick\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Aktivn\u011b tak\u00e9 spolupracuje s partnery v r\u00e1mci iniciativy Klimatick\u00e1 rizika a syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed (Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems), obdobn\u011b jako v\u00a0Glob\u00e1ln\u00edm r\u00e1mci pro klimatick\u00e9 slu\u017eby (Global Framework for Climate Services) ku pomoci nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby jsou tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed rovnice odolnosti. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se WMO stala jedn\u00edm ze sponzor\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 kv\u011btnov\u00e9 vodn\u00ed konference: Prosperity Through Hydrological Services (Prosperita prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1m\u011brem WMO je vypln\u011bn\u00ed mezer v pozorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek v poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch a v\u010dasn\u00fdch progn\u00f3z a varovn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb zalo\u017een\u00fdch na dopadech v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fdch rizik ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a \u00fazem\u00edch s c\u00edlem p\u0159isp\u011bt k budov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vod\u011b. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u011bje organizace k pln\u00e9 implementaci Agendy OSN pro udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj do roku 2030 a R\u00e1mce Sendai pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof: Budujme sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd si p\u0159ejeme.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159eji dobr\u00fd Sv\u011btov\u00fd den vody (22. b\u0159ezna) a Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den (23. b\u0159ezna) v\u0161em \u010dlen\u016fm a jednotlivc\u016fm zapojen\u00fdm do \u010dinnosti WMO s nad\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161echny n\u00e1rody budou brzy na po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159ipraveny, na klima vybaveny a na vodu pos\u00edleny.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 71, 2018\/2, s. 59<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f54d4bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f54d4bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c93eb3\" data-id=\"1c93eb3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-867210a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"867210a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2017<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9556dcb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9556dcb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-026b3c0\" data-id=\"026b3c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fee8923 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fee8923\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\">POSELSTV\u00cd U P\u0158\u00cdLE\u017dITOSTI SV\u011aTOV\u00c9HO METEOROLOGICK\u00c9HO DNE 2017<\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee oblaky hraj\u00ed v regulaci energetick\u00e9 bilance Zem\u011b, klimatu a po\u010das\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli, dnes v\u011bdci ch\u00e1pou. Oblaky p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k pohonu cirkulace vody a p\u016fsob\u00ed na cel\u00fd klimatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Z hlediska p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, modelov\u00e1n\u00ed vliv\u016f budouc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a predikce disponibility vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f je pochopen\u00ed problematiky oblak\u016f zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jev\u016f vyvolalo tolik v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u00favah a um\u011bleck\u00e9 reflexe jako oblaky. P\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011bma tis\u00edcilet\u00edmi oblaky studoval Aristoteles, kter\u00fd o nich sepsal pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se jejich \u00falohou v hydrologick\u00e9m cyklu. Byl to v\u0161ak Luke Howard, amat\u00e9rsk\u00fd meteorolog \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v Anglii na za\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed, kdo vypracoval prvn\u00ed klasifikaci oblak\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Luke Howard \u010derpal ze sv\u00fdch komplexn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f o po\u010das\u00ed v lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9 oblasti, kter\u00e9 si zaznamen\u00e1val v letech 1801 a\u017e 1841, a ur\u010dil t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed druhy \u010di kategorie oblak\u016f: kumulus, stratus a cirus. Ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, popis a pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed oblak\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i studiu po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Hudba, um\u011bn\u00ed a poezie<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Evokativn\u00ed symbolika oblak\u016f inspirovala celou \u0159adu um\u011blc\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 b\u00e1sn\u00edky, hudebn\u00edky, fotografy a dal\u0161\u00ed nad\u0161ence. Uve\u010fme jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad: prvn\u00ed orchestr\u00e1ln\u00ed Nokturno Clauda Debussyho, pojmenovan\u00e9 Nuages (Oblaka), p\u0159edstavuje jedno z mistrovsk\u00fdch d\u011bl hudebn\u00edho impresionismu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Fascinov\u00e1ni oblaky jsou zejm\u00e9na fotografov\u00e9, a to v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nad\u0161en\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli do kalend\u00e1\u0159e SMO na rok 2017 ilustruj\u00edc\u00edho t\u00e9ma leto\u0161n\u00edho Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne, Pochopen\u00ed oblak\u016f. Oblaky jsou tak\u00e9 zakomponovan\u00e9 do kulturn\u00edch symbol\u016f a za\u017eit\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed. V \u010c\u00edn\u011b p\u0159edstavovaly \u201ep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 oblaky\u201c nebesa a zdar. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201em\u00e1 hlavu v oblac\u00edch\u201c, tj. popis n\u011bkoho, kdo je pono\u0159en do fantaskn\u00edch sn\u016f \u010di my\u0161lenek. V modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00fdraz \u201eoblak\u201c znamen\u00e1 onen amorfn\u00ed prostor, kter\u00fd nedr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9\u0161\u0165, ale internetov\u00e9 zdroje a digitalizovan\u00e1 data.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3557ac9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3557ac9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f07e873\" data-id=\"f07e873\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55b9874 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"55b9874\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"195\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Mezinarodni-atlas-oblaku-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7394\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff940d1\" data-id=\"ff940d1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e0d669 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e0d669\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Digitalizujeme se: Atlas pro internetov\u00fd v\u011bk<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Publikace International Cloud Atlas (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed atlas oblak\u016f) je nejautoritativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00fd zdroj pro ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed oblak\u016f. Mezi nad\u0161enci na oblaky je jeho pov\u011bst legend\u00e1rn\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd Atlas byl poprv\u00e9 publikov\u00e1n ke konci 19. stolet\u00ed. Obsahuje podrobnou p\u0159\u00edru\u010dku norem a \u010detn\u00e1 fotografick\u00e1 vyobrazen\u00ed oblak\u016f a n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jev\u016f. Po posledn\u00ed revizi proveden\u00e9 p\u0159ed 30 lety bude nyn\u00ed u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b291b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b291b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82ebd8a\" data-id=\"82ebd8a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7844d08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7844d08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 23. b\u0159ezna 2017 pok\u0159t\u011bno jeho zcela aktualizovan\u00e9 a revidovan\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 2017 bude poprv\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00ed produkt um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd na internetu. Nab\u00edz\u00ed poklad v podob\u011b stovek vyobrazen\u00ed oblak\u016f v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bkolika klasifikac\u00ed oblak\u016f, jako je volutus (svinut\u00fd oblak), contrail \u2013 kondenza\u010dn\u00ed stopa (um\u011bl\u00fd oblak vyprodukovan\u00fd letouny) a asperitas (zvln\u011bn\u00fd oblak).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Atlas nav\u00edc obsahuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 informace o dal\u0161\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch jevech jako duha, halov\u00e9 jevy, sn\u011bhov\u00fd rar\u00e1\u0161ek (sn\u011bhov\u00fd sloupec zv\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd v\u011btrem od povrchu) a kroupy.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pokroky dosa\u017een\u00e9 ve v\u011bd\u011b a technice i v oblasti fotografie motivovaly SMO, aby se ujala ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho a komplexn\u00edho \u00fakolu Atlas zrevidovat a aktualizovat. Vyobrazen\u00edmi do n\u011bj p\u0159isp\u011bli meteorologov\u00e9, pozorovatel\u00e9 oblak\u016f a fotografov\u00e9. Atlas tak\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kolic\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro odborn\u00edky p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a organizac\u00edch a tak\u00e9 v odv\u011btv\u00edch jako letectv\u00ed a doprava.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pochopen\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch jev\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany \u017eivota a majetku a pomoci komunit\u00e1m p\u0159i zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich odolnosti p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed posl\u00e1n\u00ed SMO. Nad\u00e1le budeme pom\u00e1hat st\u00e1tn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch mo\u017en\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch, klimatick\u00fdch, hydrologick\u00fdch, oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch a ekologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb k ochran\u011b \u017eivota a majetku a na podporu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 70, 2017\/3, s. 94<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7eaaae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f7eaaae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1a716\" data-id=\"bc1a716\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7fe44a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7fe44a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2016<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ce314 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ce314\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0bfd479\" data-id=\"0bfd479\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbe3aaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbe3aaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>POSELSTV\u00cd U P\u0158\u00cdLE\u017dITOSTI SV\u011aTOV\u00c9HO METEOROLOGICK\u00c9HO DNE 2016<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>PETTERI TAALAS, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna p\u016fsob\u00ed na na\u0161e p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed i lidsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Lidmi vyprodukovan\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f nad\u00e1le rostou a teplota ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch vrstev atmosf\u00e9ry a oce\u00e1nu se zvy\u0161uje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Planeta Zem\u011b je dnes ji\u017e o 1 \u00b0C teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebu odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed jednomysln\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d7c988 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d7c988\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e28d85\" data-id=\"5e28d85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f2ead9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4f2ead9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"526\" height=\"740\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2016.jpg\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-7310\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2016.jpg 526w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2016-213x300.jpg 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-273b3df\" data-id=\"273b3df\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ed8d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13ed8d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vl\u00e1dy loni p\u0159ijaly Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017eskou dohodu, aby \u201en\u00e1r\u016fst celosv\u011btov\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty udr\u017eely hodn\u011b pod 2 \u00b0C nad \u00farovn\u011bmi p\u0159ed pr\u016fmyslovou \u00e9rou, a vynakl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed k omezen\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty na 1,5 \u00b0C.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tento z\u00e1vazek je ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed a jednotliv\u00e9 dosud p\u0159ijat\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni nemusej\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00e9 na to, aby zabr\u00e1nily teplotn\u00edmu n\u00e1r\u016fstu o 3 \u00b0C. P\u0159esto k tomu, abychom se budoucnosti postavili \u010delem, pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi znalostmi i n\u00e1stroji disponujeme.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby sehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v budov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu odoln\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli. Kv\u016fli minul\u00fdm i sou\u010dasn\u00fdm emis\u00edm se mus\u00edme p\u0159ipravit na budoucnost poznamenanou v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem hork\u00fdch dn\u00ed, tepl\u00fdch noc\u00ed a vln veder. To ovlivn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed stav populace a na\u0161e spole\u010dnosti zat\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Zdravotn\u00ed rizika souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s vedrem m\u016f\u017eeme sn\u00ed\u017eit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed proti n\u011bkolika nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dinitel\u016fm, zdravotn\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m a ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fee3425 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fee3425\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1968e69\" data-id=\"1968e69\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb56e43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb56e43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Aktivn\u011bji tak\u00e9 mus\u00edme \u0159e\u0161it fenom\u00e9n sucha, a to s pomoc\u00ed integrovan\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed boje proti suchu. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dinitel\u016fm mus\u00edme poskytnout vod\u00edtko k efektivn\u00ed politice a strategii \u00fazemn\u00ed ochrany. D\u00e1le mus\u00edme zlep\u0161it p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u011bdeck\u00fdm poznatk\u016fm a sd\u00edlet nejlep\u0161\u00ed praktick\u00e9 postupy \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sucha.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed siln\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek a z\u00e1plav. \u017divot a majetek jsme schopni p\u0159ed t\u011bmito nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi chr\u00e1nit s pomoc\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z dopad\u016f. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup k nebezpe\u010d\u00ed katastrof p\u0159edstavuje nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob jak krizov\u00e9 mana\u017eery vybavit informacemi, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b mohou konat.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Iniciativa OSN pod n\u00e1zvem Agenda 2030 a jej\u00ed c\u00edle udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed velmi siln\u00fd celosv\u011btov\u00fd z\u00e1vazek skoncovat s chudobou. Jde mj. o zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody a hygienick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro v\u0161echny, \u010distou energetiku a odoln\u00e1 m\u011bsta. Prosazuje tak\u00e9 udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Budov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu a po\u010das\u00ed odoln\u00fdch komunit p\u0159edstavuje \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to celosv\u011btov\u00e9 strategie pro dosa\u017een\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Spole\u010denstv\u00ed SMO bude jednotliv\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159i jejich napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed snah o udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny nad\u00e1le podporovat a bude tak \u010dinit poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm co nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a provozn\u00edch slu\u017eeb v oblasti po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu, hydrologie, oce\u00e1n\u016f a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u011bkuji v\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>WMO, MZ 2016\/3, ro\u010dn\u00edk 69, str. 73<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7e7947 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f7e7947\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62b215d\" data-id=\"62b215d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add84b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"add84b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2015<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c144342 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c144342\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1490e\" data-id=\"5d1490e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b854e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b854e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>Klimatick\u00e9 znalosti pro klimatickou akci<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka WMO (SMO) Michaela Jarrauda u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2015<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm posl\u00e1n\u00edm Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, jako n\u00e1stupce Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 organizace zalo\u017een\u00e9 v roce 1873, je podporovat zem\u011b cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb k ochran\u011b \u017eivota a majetku p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s po\u010das\u00edm a klimatem, k ochran\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji. To nelze realizovat bez nutn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdzkumu a provoz\u016f, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjej\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed a pozn\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">od roku 1961 si Sv\u011btov\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm dnem p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me datum 23. b\u0159ezna 1950, kdy vstoupila v platnost \u00damluva zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed SMO, i z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb k bezpe\u010dnosti a prosperit\u011b spole\u010dnosti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se oslavy zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na t\u00e9ma aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1jmu. T\u00e9ma pro leto\u0161ek, Klimatick\u00e9 znalosti pro klimatickou akci, nemohlo b\u00fdt aktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed sp\u011bje k ambici\u00f3zn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm a opat\u0159en\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna se t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u00e1s v\u0161ech. Ovliv\u0148uje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 oblasti, od zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed po cestovn\u00ed ruch, od infrastruktury po zdravotnictv\u00ed. Dopad\u00e1 na strategick\u00e9 zdroje jako voda, potraviny a energie. Zp\u016fsobuje zpomalov\u00e1n\u00ed a dokonce ohro\u017euje udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejenom v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch. N\u00e1klady na ne\u010dinnost jsou velk\u00e9 a je\u0161t\u011b se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, nebudeme-Ii jednat okam\u017eit\u011b a rozhodn\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Informace o po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu a jeho variabilit\u011b a zm\u011bn\u011b jsou natolik vrostl\u00e9 do na\u0161eho ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota, po\u010d\u00ednaje ka\u017edodenn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a kon\u010de sez\u00f3nn\u00edmi predikcemi klimatu, \u017de se ob\u010das snadno Zapomene na ohromn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdzkumu, v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f a anal\u00fdz, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za informa\u010dn\u00edmi produkty reprezentuj\u00edc\u00edmi po\u010das\u00ed a klima. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed na p\u011bt dn\u00ed stejn\u011b dovedn\u011b vypracovan\u00e1 jako dvoudenn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f p\u0159ed 25 lety a sezonn\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le propracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Je to umo\u017en\u011bno pokrokem v oblasti d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b dru\u017eicov\u00e9ho, v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zlep\u0161en\u00edm ve v\u011bd\u011b i dramatick\u00fdm posilov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. V\u011bdeck\u00fd pokrok v meteorologii a klimatologii za posledn\u00edch 50 let je vskutku jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ze v\u0161ech v\u011bdeck\u00fdch obor\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Klimatick\u00e9 znalosti nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 za uplynul\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed neoceniteln\u00fd zdroj i p\u0159edpoklad pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a pro klimatick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada d\u016fkaz\u016f, od rostouc\u00edch teplot po odt\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ledovce, od stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hladiny po pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed extr\u00e9my, n\u00e1s utvrzuj\u00ed v tom, \u017ee klima se m\u011bn\u00ed a \u017ee jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o vliv lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, zejm\u00e9na emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, kter\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed rekord roku p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u011bda n\u00e1m tak\u00e9 d\u00e1v\u00e1 velkou d\u016fv\u011bru v na\u0161e schopnosti st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b tento kurs zm\u011bnit a zm\u00edrnit klimatickou zm\u011bnu na zvladatelnou \u00farove\u0148. D\u016fkazy o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b dnes zpochyb\u0148uje m\u00e1lokdo, tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed o na\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti k\u00a0budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm. Tento proces mohou a mus\u00ed podpo\u0159it klimatick\u00e9 znalosti, kter\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dinitel\u016fm na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch pomohou p\u0159ij\u00edmat nejlep\u0161\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Klimatick\u00e9 znalosti mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny v podob\u011b, kterou ti, co je pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed, snadno pochop\u00ed a vyu\u017eij\u00ed. Klimatick\u00e9 produkty a slu\u017eby mohou pomoci urbanist\u016fm p\u0159i vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sad a ak\u010dn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f tak, aby pos\u00edlily odolnost m\u011bst v\u016f\u010di p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm katastrof\u00e1m a podporovaly ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekonomiku. Org\u00e1ny hygienick\u00e9 slu\u017eby vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed k aktivn\u00edmu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f extr\u00e9m\u016f jako sucho, vlny veder a povodn\u011b. D\u00edky trendov\u00fdm predikc\u00edm teplot a sr\u00e1\u017eek jsou zem\u011bd\u011blci schopni l\u00e9pe rozhodovat o set\u00ed, sklizni i prodeji.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Spr\u00e1vci vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 informace k optimalizaci z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou a povod\u0148ov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Energetika vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 klimatick\u00e9 informace k\u00a0rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o tom, kde a jak\u00fd typ elektr\u00e1rny v konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed lokalit\u011b vybudovat.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu je iniciativa syst\u00e9mu OSN, vede ji SMO a byla z\u0159\u00edzena p\u0159esn\u011b za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem: umo\u017enit poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb tak, aby bylo mo\u017eno rozhodovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b co nejlep\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed. Jde o z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdzvu pro rozvinut\u00e9 i rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se zem\u011b, ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u017eitek. Zku\u0161enost a pokrok ve v\u00fdvoji a aplikaci klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb je mo\u017eno sd\u00edlet jako p\u0159\u00edklady dobr\u00e9 praxe, mohou tak\u00e9 jin\u00fdm zem\u00edm pomoci urychlit postup na cest\u011b ke klimatick\u00e9 adaptaci.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1v\u011brem vyz\u00fdv\u00e1m \u010dleny SMO, v\u0161echny vl\u00e1dy a ob\u010danskou spole\u010dnost ke sd\u00edlen\u00ed a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed s c\u00edlem p\u0159ij\u00edmat siln\u00e1 klimatick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, minimalizovat klimatick\u00e1 rizika a podporovat udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>MZ 2015\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 68, str. 62<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f23e02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f23e02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a447830\" data-id=\"a447830\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27b6030 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27b6030\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2014<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e76f7bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e76f7bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-defcf09\" data-id=\"defcf09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d96114 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d96114\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>Po\u010das\u00ed a klima pro ml\u00e1de\u017e<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Poselstv\u00ed Michela Jarrauda, gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO) si uv\u011bdomuje, co v\u0161e mlad\u00e9 lidi v budoucnu \u010dek\u00e1, a proto si jako t\u00e9ma leto\u0161n\u00edho Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne zvolila \u201ePo\u010das\u00ed a klima pro ml\u00e1de\u017e\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou osoby ve v\u011bku 15 a\u017e 24 let \u0161estinou celosv\u011btov\u00e9 populace. Asi 85 procent z t\u00e9to miliardy mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een \u017eije v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi vrstevn\u00edky p\u0159ed pouh\u00fdmi 50 lety, jsou dne\u0161n\u00ed mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 v pr\u016fm\u011bru zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, vzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a kvalifikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jejich \u017eivotem prostupuj\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed kontakt se sv\u011btem kolem nich. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed st\u00e1le trp\u00ed chudobou a diskriminac\u00ed, nerovnost\u00ed a vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm. Mnoho z nich st\u00e1le nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, ke zdravotnick\u00fdm a jin\u00fdm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto probl\u00e9my zn\u00e1sobuje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch extr\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e dnes ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eivoty n\u00e1s v\u0161ech, a v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopady. Teplota atmosf\u00e9ry a oce\u00e1n\u016f nad\u00e1le stoup\u00e1, ledov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkrovy a ledovce po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se neust\u00e1le zmen\u0161uj\u00ed, mo\u0159sk\u00e1 hladina se zved\u00e1 a extr\u00e9mn\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed a klimatick\u00e9 jevy jsou st\u00e1le \u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a pop\u0159. i intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lidsk\u00fd vliv na klimatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m je jednozna\u010dn\u00fd. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed koncentrace CO<sub>2<\/sub> a dal\u0161\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e neomezen\u011b vzr\u016fstaj\u00ed a dosahuj\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed dosud v lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch nev\u00eddan\u00fdch. Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na fosiln\u00edch palivech n\u00e1s p\u0159ivede k v\u00fdrazn\u011b teplej\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b: do konce tohoto stolet\u00ed by teplota mohla b\u00fdt a\u017e o 4 \u00b0C vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v p\u0159edpr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 dob\u011b. St\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b lze dos\u00e1hnou omezen\u00ed oteplen\u00ed na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 2 \u00b0C, bude to v\u0161ak vy\u017eadovat rychl\u00e9 a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Napln\u011bn\u00ed tohoto c\u00edle vy\u017eaduje nal\u00e9hav\u00e1, rozhodn\u00e1 a odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Ml\u00e1de\u017e sv\u011bta m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v tomto ohledu velk\u00fd vliv. V klimatick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch nejde jen o emise CO<sub>2<\/sub>, jde tak\u00e9 o lidi, o na\u0161e sd\u00edlen\u00e9 hodnoty a o to, co je ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s p\u0159ipraven ud\u011blat k jejich prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou zdrojem inovac\u00ed a \u010derstv\u00e9ho pohledu na probl\u00e9my a jejich mo\u017en\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Volaj\u00ed po \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch spravedliv\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">S\u00a0t\u00edm, jak se dal\u0161\u00ed generace p\u0159ipravuje na m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed, mohou mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 sehr\u00e1t aktivn\u00ed roli p\u0159i monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a reagov\u00e1n\u00ed na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 a budouc\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed. Maj\u00ed schopnost prosazovat pov\u011bdom\u00ed o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b i jej\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed se j\u00ed, av\u0161ak k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed pln\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu ml\u00e1de\u017ee k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny mus\u00edme b\u00fdt schopni je zapojit do p\u0159\u00edpravy a realizace politiky, kter\u00e1 je ovliv\u0148uje dnes a bude se jich t\u00fdkat z\u00edtra.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">St\u00e1le se zlep\u0161uje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed interakce atmosf\u00e9ry a oce\u00e1n\u016f, sou\u0161e a vod, interakce, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed, a je tedy st\u00e1le snaz\u0161\u00ed vypracov\u00e1vat prov\u00e1zan\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed. N\u00e1rodn\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdm a hydrologick\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m a SMO se da\u0159\u00ed vyv\u00edjet v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed podneb\u00ed. B\u011bhem nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00ed dojde k dal\u0161\u00edmu pos\u00edlen\u00ed schopnost\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1stroj\u016f a jejich \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu sd\u00edlen\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Informa\u010dn\u00ed produkty a slu\u017eby zalo\u017een\u00e9 na klimatick\u00fdch predikc\u00edch pos\u00edl\u00ed na\u0161i schopnost klimatickou zm\u011bnu zm\u00edr\u0148ovat a p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat se j\u00ed, jako\u017e i pokra\u010dovat na cest\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje. Budeme l\u00e9pe p\u0159ipraveni na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed bou\u0159ky, z\u00e1plavy a vlny vedra; zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm pomohou p\u0159i lep\u0161\u00ed organizaci set\u00ed a sklizn\u011b; zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a leteck\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodnou profesn\u011b v\u011bnovat meteorologii, hydrologii nebo klimatologii, budou hr\u00e1t st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli, a p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed tak k bezpe\u010dnosti a prosperit\u011b spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro budoucnost p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna r\u016fzn\u00e9 nejistoty. Navzdory t\u011bmto nejistot\u00e1m je v\u0161ak jedna v\u011bc jasn\u00e1: na\u0161e spole\u010dnost m\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost nejen sama k sob\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 k budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm. Dne\u0161n\u00ed ml\u00e1de\u017e se do\u017eije druh\u00e9 poloviny tohoto stolet\u00ed a nebudeme-li nyn\u00ed jednat se v\u0161\u00ed nal\u00e9havost\u00ed, bude sv\u011bdkem z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny popsan\u00fdch v nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu. Dnes p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me rozhodnut\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee budou mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed budoucnosti Zem\u011b hr\u00e1t v\u00fdznamnou roli. V\u00fdzvy stoj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed dal\u0161\u00edmi generacemi jsou velk\u00e9, ale mo\u017enosti jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nebyly nikdy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>MZ 2014\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 67, str. 59<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db5aef8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db5aef8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e17113\" data-id=\"8e17113\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0837acf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0837acf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2013<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-203f077 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"203f077\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-493d363\" data-id=\"493d363\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e6ea44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e6ea44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>Sledujeme po\u010das\u00ed k\u00a0ochran\u011b \u017eivota i majetku \u2013 oslavy 50. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zah\u00e1jen\u00ed programu World Weather Watch<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Poselstv\u00ed Michela Jarrauda, gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den byl zaveden v roce 1960. \u00da\u010delem tohoto v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho dne je upozornit na pr\u00e1ci n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a podpo\u0159it ocen\u011bn\u00ed jejich pr\u00e1ce ze strany ve\u0159ejnosti v\u0161ech zem\u00ed sv\u011bta. Term\u00edn 23. 3. byl zvolen z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee v ten den roku 1950 nabyla \u00fa\u010dinnosti \u00damluva o Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci (SMO).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u00e9ma zvolen\u00e9 pro leto\u0161n\u00ed rok 2013 zn\u00ed: \u201eSledujeme po\u010das\u00ed k ochran\u011b \u017divota i majetku\u201c a p\u0159edstavuje tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed 50. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zah\u00e1jen\u00ed programu World Weather Watch (Celosv\u011btov\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed). T\u00e9ma zv\u00fdraz\u0148uje jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f existence SMO \u2013 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu ob\u011bt\u00ed a objemu \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s\u00a0po\u010das\u00edm, klimatem a vodou. Oslavou Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne roku 2013 z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyjad\u0159ujeme uzn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku programu World Weather Watch k napln\u011bn\u00ed uveden\u00e9ho c\u00edle.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">St\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed vliv pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch extr\u00e9m\u016f nelze opom\u00edjet. Za uplynul\u00fdch 30 let si p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy vybraly da\u0148 v podob\u011b \u017eivot\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed a zp\u016fsobily hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty odhadovan\u00e9 na v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,5 bili\u00f3n\u016f americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 procent t\u011bchto katastrof, v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 procent ob\u011bt\u00ed na \u017eivotech a skoro 80 procent hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t bylo zp\u016fsobeno nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi jevy souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s po\u010das\u00edm, klimatem a vodou, jako jsou nap\u0159. tropick\u00e9 cykl\u00f3ny, n\u00e1hl\u00e9 bou\u0159ky, vlny veder, sucha, z\u00e1plavy nebo souvisej\u00edc\u00ed epidemie chorob.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO k ochran\u011b \u017eivota a majetku z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch program\u016f a s\u00edt\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 190 n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. P\u0159i p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bmto katastrof\u00e1m napom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed a v\u010dasn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed adresovan\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm, r\u016fzn\u00fdm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm odv\u011btv\u00edm a ob\u010dan\u016fm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Program World Weather Watch hraje v tomto \u00fasil\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00falohu. Byl zalo\u017een uprost\u0159ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1963 a p\u0159edstavuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd mezn\u00edk v celosv\u011btov\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci. Kombinuje monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed a datov\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b tak, aby zaji\u0161\u0165oval v\u00fdstupy v podob\u011b meteorologick\u00fdch a environment\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch jak pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, tak pro zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed efektivn\u00edch slu\u017eeb ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V d\u016fsledku neust\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed pot\u0159eby p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a postupuj\u00edc\u00edho v\u011bdecko-technick\u00e9ho pokroku se program World Weather Watch dostal do t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b i cel\u00e9 \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch program\u016f, provozovan\u00fdch jak SMO, tak jin\u00fdmi agenturami. World Weathel Watch z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k realizaci priorit SMO pomoc\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry a oce\u00e1n\u016f a tak\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u010dasn\u00fdch varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00fdskytem pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi dopady.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 slu\u017eby se dnes jev\u00ed jako jeden z naprosto nepostradateln\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a klimatick\u00e9 variability, a tedy k adaptaci na tyto jevy. P\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee klimatick\u00e9 a spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 podm\u00ednky minulosti mohou b\u00fdt indik\u00e1torem podm\u00ednek aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di budouc\u00edch, je ji\u017e nedostate\u010dn\u00fd. K \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb ve sv\u011bt\u011b charakterizovan\u00e9m neust\u00e1le \u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy, urbanizac\u00ed a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti a p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a dod\u00e1vek energi\u00ed je naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed na\u0161e znalost klimatu je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce prohloubit a klimatick\u00fdch informac\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9pe.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za \u00fa\u010delem zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch informac\u00ed o klimatu a pos\u00edlen\u00ed kapacit klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb zah\u00e1jily \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b SMO a partnersk\u00e9 instituce v r\u00e1mci OSN program Global Framework for Climate Services (Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro klimatick\u00e9 slu\u017eby). Jednou z prvotn\u00edch prioritn\u00edch oblast\u00ed p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb je sni\u017eovat nebezpe\u010d\u00ed katastrof, spolu s\u00a0oblastmi zdrav\u00ed, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a potravinov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, jako\u017e i zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K napln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f t\u00e9to ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed iniciativy bude jednou ze sledovan\u00fdch priorit poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdm zem\u00edm, mal\u00fdm ostrovn\u00edm rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se st\u00e1t\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm zraniteln\u00fdm rozvojov\u00fdm zem\u00edm s c\u00edlem pos\u00edlit jejich n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kapacity a mo\u017enosti v oblasti klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed i utv\u00e1\u0159et jejich klimatickou politiku a postupy adaptace pomoc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch informac\u00ed, svobodn\u00e9ho a otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k \u00fadaj\u016fm a transfer\u016fm technologi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prov\u00e1zanost mezi klimatickou zm\u011bnou, extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi jevy a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami byla ned\u00e1vno zd\u016frazn\u011bna ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu, kterou vypracovaly a spole\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017eily SMO a Program OSN pro ochranu \u017divotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed UNEP na z\u00e1klad\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 soust\u0159e\u010fuje s\u00ed\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v r\u00e1mci SMO, se vr\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k n\u00e1r\u016fstu extr\u00e9mn\u00edch jev\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159. siln\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky a sucha i pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1plavy vyvolan\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se mo\u0159skou hladinou. Vr\u0161\u00ed se d\u016fkazy o vazb\u011b na lidskou \u010dinnost, zejm\u00e9na zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e dos\u00e1hly rekordn\u00edch hodnot. Neust\u00e1le rostou hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty zp\u016fsobovan\u00e9 katastrofami souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed situac\u00ed a klimatem, a to hlavn\u011b vzhledem k demografick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m a rostouc\u00ed expozic\u00ed lid\u00ed i hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho majetku v\u016f\u010di t\u011bmto jev\u016fm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 2013 nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ke zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dinnosti n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kterou prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed 24 hodin denn\u011b, 365 dn\u00ed v roce \u2013 tedy sledov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a ochrana \u017eivota a majetku. V\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee tato oslava tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bje ke zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f dal\u0161\u00edch investic do meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 infrastruktury, v\u00fdznamu celosv\u011btov\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce a nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 nezbytnosti navy\u0161ovat kapacity pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v\u0161em ob\u010dan\u016fm, komunit\u00e1m a zem\u00edm, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nejv\u00edce.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010das\u00ed, klima a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed katastrof p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agendy zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdzvami 21. stolet\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje. Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 2013 d\u00e1v\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k dal\u0161\u00edmu pos\u00edlen\u00ed tohoto sd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>MZ 2013\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 66, str. 61<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13d05ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13d05ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3300de\" data-id=\"b3300de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13e0d78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13e0d78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2012<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-042367c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"042367c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f5a803\" data-id=\"9f5a803\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da8ceab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da8ceab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a voda pro na\u0161\u00ed budoucnost<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO Michela Jarrauda p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne v roce 2012<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd okam\u017eik, ka\u017ed\u00fd den sb\u00edraj\u00ed a analyzuj\u00ed \u00fadaje o po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vod\u011b a p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed je do podoby informac\u00ed s p\u0159idanou hodnotou, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit \u017eivoty a \u017eivobyt\u00ed a jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro sou\u010dasnou i budouc\u00ed prosperitu na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti i cel\u00e9 planety. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace, specializovan\u00e1 agentura OSN, rozv\u00edj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi sv\u00fdmi 189 \u010dleny tak, aby tuto \u010dinnost usnadnila a podpo\u0159ila<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7a8437 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7a8437\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c53593\" data-id=\"8c53593\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e34a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b7e34a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"680\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michael-Jarraud.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7320\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michael-Jarraud.jpg 950w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michael-Jarraud-300x215.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michael-Jarraud-768x550.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5e1c66\" data-id=\"e5e1c66\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb559c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb559c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">23. b\u0159ezna 1950 vstoupila v platnost \u00damluva o Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci (SMO), jej\u00ed\u017e zalo\u017een\u00ed si ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b dne 23. b\u0159ezna p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me Sv\u011btov\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm dnem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u00e9ma Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2012 zn\u00ed <em>Po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a voda pro na\u0161i budoucnost<\/em>. T\u00e9ma se zam\u011b\u0159uje na z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00falohu n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v oblasti po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu &#8211; podneb\u00ed a vody p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 budoucnosti pro n\u00e1s i dal\u0161\u00ed generace.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0da3673 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0da3673\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbcd5a1\" data-id=\"fbcd5a1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2cebb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2cebb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edklad\u016f t\u011bchto \u010dinnost\u00ed najdeme nespo\u010detn\u011b. Na\u0161e potraviny a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 v\u00fdroba mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny podneb\u00ed dan\u00e9ho regionu a dostupnosti vody.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba vy\u017eaduje dostatek vody a energie. M\u011bsta pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u010dist\u00fd vzduch a ochranu p\u0159ed bou\u0159kami a povodn\u011bmi. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod a cestovn\u00ed ruch z\u00e1vis\u00ed na bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed doprav\u011b. O nejaktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a spolehliv\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1me v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ohledu&#8217; po\u010d\u00ednaje spole\u010densk\u00fdmi \u010dinnostmi a kon\u010de rozhodnut\u00edmi v hodnot\u011b mnoha milion\u016f dolar\u016f. Podle jedn\u00e9 z ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch studi\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdkon USA ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v d\u016fsledku prom\u011bnliv\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek kol\u00eds\u00e1 v rozmez\u00ed a\u017e 485 mld. Dolar\u016f, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 3,4 % HDP.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vodu ovliv\u0148uje st\u00e1le v\u00edce. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby stoj\u00ed v pop\u0159ed\u00ed snah tyto slo\u017eit\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vztahy pozorovat a pochopit.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dnes v\u00edce ne\u017e kdy d\u0159\u00edve pot\u0159ebujeme odhady budouc\u00edho v\u00fdvoje klimatu. A mus\u00edme tak\u00e9 neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159ovat sv\u00e9 znalosti o tom, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 jevy projevuj\u00ed na region\u00e1ln\u00ed, st\u00e1tn\u00ed a m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1klad Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, jen\u017e byl schv\u00e1len Sv\u011btov\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm kongresem v roce 2011 jako jedna z priorit SMO.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tato dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e1 iniciativa pom\u016f\u017ee jednotliv\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, zvl\u00e1dat rizika a vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdhod m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edho se podneb\u00ed. Uvoln\u00ed potenci\u00e1l miliard dolar\u016f investovan\u00fdch do jeho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdzkumu a informa\u010dn\u00edch \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f&#8217; Mezi prvo\u0159ad\u00e9 priority pat\u0159\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a n\u00e1sledk\u016f katastrof, problematika vodohospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravin a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tento Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec n\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti a ur\u010d\u00ed na\u0161i budoucnost.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Michel Jarraud \u2013 gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk SMO (na fotografii)<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">\u00a0<\/p><h2 class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m na\u0161eho klimatu<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u0161ech 13 nejteplej\u0161\u00edch let se vyskytlo od roku 1997. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty v roce 2011 byly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v jak\u00e9mkoliv p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce poznamenan\u00e9m jevem La Ni\u0148a s\u00a0jeho ochlazuj\u00edc\u00edm vlivem. Rozloha ledov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkrovu Arktick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e byla v roce 2011l druh\u00e1 nejmen\u0161\u00ed za celou dobu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho objem byl v\u016fbec nejmen\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Koncentrace sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e dos\u00e1hly nov\u00fdch maxim. V obdob\u00ed let 1990 a\u017e 2010 se \u00farove\u0148 radia\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 29 %, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011blo k pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmu n\u00e1r\u016fstu pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty g1ob\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rychlost n\u00e1r\u016fstu radia\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed se v\u00a0d\u016fsledku pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1r\u016fstu emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje. Skute\u010dnost\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee i kdybychom vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed emis\u00ed zastavili je\u0161t\u011b dnes, tyto plyny by p\u0159esto v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy po dal\u0161\u00ed desetilet\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 i stalet\u00ed a naru\u0161ovaly by jemnou rovnov\u00e1hu na\u0161\u00ed \u017eivouc\u00ed planety.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vzhledem k nebezpe\u010d\u00edm rychle se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edho klimatu bude tedy spolehliv\u00fdch a v\u010dasn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vod\u011b, poskytovan\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi meteorologick\u00fdmi a hydrologick\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami, st\u00e1le v\u00edce zapot\u0159eb\u00ed. V\u00edce ne\u017e kdy d\u0159\u00edve je nezbytn\u00e9 do t\u011bchto n\u00e1rodn\u00edch slu\u017eeb investovat tak, aby tyto po\u017eadavky mohly plnit.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na\u0161e v\u011bdeck\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vody v posledn\u00edch letech velmi pokro\u010dilo. Tuto mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu v\u011bdomost\u00ed a znalost\u00ed mus\u00edme pos\u00edlit a tak\u00e9 ji p\u0159izp\u016fsobit m\u00edstn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Mus\u00edme zajistit proniknut\u00ed t\u011bchto informac\u00ed do v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, po\u010d\u00ednaje st\u00e1tn\u00edmi \u010diniteli s rozhodovac\u00edmi pravomocemi a mana\u017eery pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed a\u017e po zem\u011bd\u011blce a odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky m\u00edstn\u00edch samospr\u00e1v.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb pot\u0159ebujeme, nebo\u0165 pro po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vodu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice neexistuj\u00ed. R\u00e1mec nep\u0159edstavuje v\u0161el\u00e9k na probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s klimatickou zm\u011bnou a variabilitou. Umo\u017en\u00ed n\u00e1m v\u0161ak vybavit se informacemi a n\u00e1stroji nezbytn\u00fdmi k tomu, abychom obst\u00e1li.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z hlediska obsahu m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed R\u00e1mec mnohem d\u00e1le, ne\u017e jsou Rozvojov\u00e9 c\u00edle tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, stanoven\u00e9 do roku 2015. P\u0159isp\u011bje k aspirac\u00edm budouc\u00edch generac\u00ed na udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj ve sv\u011bt\u011b, v n\u011bm\u017e popula\u010dn\u00ed exploze a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst vystav\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje tlaku a\u017e na hranice mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a voda byly hybnou silou r\u016fstu na\u0161ich ekonomik a spole\u010dnost\u00ed v minulosti. Slu\u017eby v oblasti po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vody p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hybnou s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 na\u0161im ekonomik\u00e1m a spole\u010dnostem umo\u017en\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it v\u00fdzvy budoucnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Z publikace vydan\u00e9 Sv\u011btovou meteorologickou organizac\u00ed ke Sv\u011btov\u00e9mu meteorologick\u00e9mu dni 2012.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>MZ 2012\/3, ro\u010dn\u00edk 65, str. 90<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e77f43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e77f43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-057b57e\" data-id=\"057b57e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c99d261 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c99d261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2011<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0664a68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0664a68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82b9655\" data-id=\"82b9655\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5e2224 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5e2224\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>Klima pro V\u00e1s<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO Michela Jarrauda p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne v roce 2011<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm dnem si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me den 23. b\u0159ezna 1950, kdy vstoupila v platnost Konvence Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (SMO). Toto v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed slav\u00ed SMO ka\u017ed\u00fd rok spole\u010dn\u011b se sv\u00fdmi 189 \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a meteorologick\u00fdm spole\u010denstv\u00edm po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a v\u017edy se zam\u011b\u0159uje na jedno vybran\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. Pro rok 2011 bylo zvoleno heslo Klima pro v\u00e1s (Climate for you).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podle Tita Livia (59 p\u0159. n. l. \u2013 17 n. l.) a jeho D\u011bjin \u0158\u00edma, bylo lustrum ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b p\u011btilet\u00e9 obdob\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma po sob\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edmi lidu. Prvn\u00ed z\u00a0nich bylo stanoveno v 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. \u0161est\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma Serviem Tulliem. Tato periodi\u010dnost byla zachov\u00e1na po celou dobu ran\u00e9 \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 republiky jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd cyklus a v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je tento term\u00edn voln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v\u00a0n\u011bkolika jazyc\u00edch k ozna\u010den\u00ed p\u011btilet\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro SMO bude obdob\u00ed posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika let zajist\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1no jako nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed pro systematick\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u011bni klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. V\u00a0listopadu 2005 se v Pekingu konala Technick\u00e1 konference SMO o klimatu jako faktoru, kter\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u017eivot \u010dlov\u011bka. Konference podpo\u0159ila n\u00e1zor, \u017ee n\u00e1rody mobilizuj\u00ed sv\u016fj potenci\u00e1l a napom\u00e1haj\u00ed rostouc\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 popt\u00e1vce po t\u011bchto slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Upozornila z\u00e1rove\u0148, \u017ee s klimatem jsou spojeny nejenom fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed aspekty, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed dostupnost p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f (nap\u0159. obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje), tak i informa\u010dn\u00edmi aspekty, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity, t\u0159eba jenom r\u00e1mcov\u011b, tak\u00e9 k podpo\u0159e soci\u00e1ln\u011bekonomick\u00e9ho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho klima jako takov\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt zna\u010dn\u00fd vliv na v\u00fdkonnost zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed potravinov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, na vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed a na \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f, souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0rozvojem spole\u010dnosti. Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f jsou ot\u00e1zky spojen\u00e9 s klimatem velmi p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hydrometeorologick\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Konference SMO, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala mo\u017enostmi \u017divota spole\u010dnosti v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edho se klimatu a s n\u00edm spojen\u00fdmi riziky (Espoo, Finsko, \u010dervenec 2006), zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee a\u010dkoli je klima vskutku kritick\u00fdm zdrojem rizik, jsme obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00ed jeho prom\u011bnlivost\u00ed a z n\u00ed plynouc\u00edmi zm\u011bnami. Abychom byli schopni s\u00a0t\u00edm spojen\u00e1 rizika omezovat, je t\u0159eba na tyto zm\u011bny reagovat co nejrychleji. K tomu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b pomoci, budou-li m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u011b-ekonomick\u00e9 sektory mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edvat dostupn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 informace a slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 pomohou zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00fa\u010dinnost a efektivitu na\u0161ich reakc\u00ed a tak p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed ke zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed v\u0161ech rizik, je\u017e jsou se zm\u011bnou klimatu spojena.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V b\u0159eznu 2007 SMO uspo\u0159\u00e1dala v Madridu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konferenc\u00ed o bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m a trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b z pohledu soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f slu\u017eeb zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se po\u010das\u00edm, klimatem a vodou. Konference poskytla vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro \u0161irokou v\u00fdm\u011bnu n\u00e1zor\u016f, o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a znalost\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d spole\u010densk\u00fdmi sektory a p\u0159isp\u011bla tak k optimalizaci procesu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nav\u00edc rok 2007 byl rokem, kdy SMO podpo\u0159ila Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed panel o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b (IPCC) p\u0159i vyd\u00e1n\u00ed jeho \u010dtvrt\u00e9 Hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, za kter\u00fd panel obdr\u017eel presti\u017en\u00ed Nobelovu cenu m\u00edru. Byl rovn\u011b\u017e rokem, kdy se 15. sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd kongres rozhodl uspo\u0159\u00e1dat T\u0159et\u00ed konferenci o glob\u00e1ln\u00edm klimatu (WCC-3, \u017deneva, 2009), je\u017e nav\u00e1zala na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed dv\u011b podobn\u00e9 konference, kter\u00e9 SMO organizovala v letech 1979 a 1990. P\u0159ed jej\u00edm zah\u00e1jen\u00edm rozhodla V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 rada SMO na sv\u00e9m 61. zased\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010dervnu 2009, aby heslem Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne pro rok 2011 bylo \u201eKlima pro v\u00e1s\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nicm\u00e9n\u011b toto heslo, by\u0165 ur\u010den\u00e9 pouze pro rok 2011 se okam\u017eit\u011b stalo neofici\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9matem i pro cel\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, zavr\u0161en\u00e9 rokem 2010, kdy T\u0159et\u00ed konference o glob\u00e1ln\u00edm klimatu p\u0159edlo\u017eila SMO svoji zpr\u00e1vu, jej\u00edm\u017e obsahem byl i n\u00e1vrh Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jak SMO ned\u00e1vno informovala, rok 2010 byl z historick\u00e9ho hlediska dosud nejteplej\u0161\u00edm rokem, srovnateln\u00fdm s roky 1998 a 2005 (rozd\u00edly mezi t\u011bmito t\u0159emi roky byly ze statistick\u00e9ho hlediska nev\u00fdznamn\u00e9), co\u017e jenom potvrzuje pozorovan\u00fd dlouhodob\u00fd trend oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, na kter\u00fd upozornila zpr\u00e1va IPCC. Oproti pr\u016fm\u011bru z obdob\u00ed 1961\u20131990 se v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota zv\u00fd\u0161ila o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u016fl stupn\u011b, co\u017e je zat\u00edm nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst, jak\u00fd byl b\u011bhem desetilet\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed od po\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu zaznamen\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V kv\u011btnu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku bude 16. sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd kongres posuzovat zpr\u00e1vu T\u0159et\u00ed konference o glob\u00e1ln\u00edm klimatu, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1vrhu Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce klimatick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee tento kongres p\u0159edznamen\u00e1 novou \u00e9ru v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a slu\u017eeb Za \u00fa\u010delem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho a v\u010dasn\u00e9ho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o reakc\u00edch na rizika, spojen\u00e1 se zm\u011bnou klimatu a jeho prom\u011bnlivost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Aktivity SMO v oblasti klimatu jsou dnes obecn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro bezpe\u010dnost a blaho lidstva a pro ekonomick\u00fd prosp\u011bch cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. To n\u00e1s p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b bl\u00ed\u017ee k my\u0161lence zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho mand\u00e1tu Konvence SMO, kter\u00e1 nabyla \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u0159ed jedena\u0161edes\u00e1ti roky, stejn\u011b tak jako k d\u011bdictv\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 organizace zalo\u017een\u00e9 Prvn\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdm kongresem (V\u00edde\u0148, z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1873).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto akce tak\u00e9 budou podporovat dosa\u017een\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1sadn\u00edho c\u00edle SMO, kter\u00fdm je snaha, aby se do roku 2019 sn\u00ed\u017eil desetilet\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br (\u00famrt\u00ed (1994\u20132003) zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch katastrofami meteorologick\u00e9ho a hydrologick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. D\u00e1le pak budou podporovat z\u00e1m\u011bry 4. konference OSN nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (LDC-IV), kter\u00e1 se z\u00e1hy bude konat v Istanbulu, a tak\u00e9 c\u00edle OSN pro rozvoj spole\u010dnosti v tomto tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na na vym\u00fdcen\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chudoby a hladu do roku2015 a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Proto bych, p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne pro rok 2011 a jm\u00e9nem SMO, r\u00e1d vyj\u00e1d\u0159il na\u0161e uzn\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bm koleg\u016fm ze v\u0161ech 189 \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed SMO, kte\u0159\u00ed b\u011bhem minul\u00fdch let aktivn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli k t\u011bmto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm, nebo\u0165 jen jejich z\u00e1sluhou lze realizovat heslo \u201eKlima pro v\u00e1s\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>MZ 2011\/2, ro\u010dn\u00ed 64, str. 60<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9bd7caf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9bd7caf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-076cf31\" data-id=\"076cf31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edbca1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"edbca1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2010<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52a8006 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52a8006\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa5f377\" data-id=\"fa5f377\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a89200 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a89200\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h2><strong>\u0160edes\u00e1t let slu\u017eby pro bezpe\u010dnost a spokojen\u00fd \u017eivot<\/strong><\/h2><\/div><div><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace Michela Jarruada <\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO) i cel\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 komunita ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b slav\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den, kter\u00fdm si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me 23. b\u0159ezna 1950, kdy vstoupila v\u00a0platnost \u00damluva zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed SMO, tedy p\u0159esn\u011b 30 dn\u00ed ode dne ulo\u017een\u00ed t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9 listiny stvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed ratifikaci t\u00e9to \u00famluvy st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bly do nov\u00e9 organizace vstoupit. Text \u00damluvy byl p\u0159ed t\u00edm jednomysln\u011b schv\u00e1len dne 11. \u0159\u00edjna 1947 p\u0159edstaviteli 31 st\u00e1t\u016f na Konferenci \u0159editel\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb konan\u00e9 ve Washingtonu, D.C.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do t\u00e9 doby zaji\u0161\u0165ovala mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci v\u00a0meteorologii Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (MMO), kter\u00e1 byla jako v\u00fdsledek procesu zah\u00e1jen\u00e9ho na Prvn\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm meteorologick\u00e9m kongresu (konan\u00e9m v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 1873 ve V\u00eddni) zalo\u017eena za \u00fa\u010delem zabezpe\u010den\u00ed koordinace pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a normalizace p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 techniky a kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 1896 zajistila publikaci prvn\u00edho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho atlasu oblak\u016f. Podoba MMO vyplynula z\u00a0\u0159ady rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00fdch St\u00e1l\u00fdm v\u00fdborem, kter\u00fd za p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed C. H. D. Buys Ballota (Nizozemsko) zasedal <em>ad hoc<\/em> v\u00a0obdob\u00ed od v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho kongresu do Druh\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho meteorologick\u00e9ho kongresu v\u00a0dubnu roku 1879 v \u0158\u00edm\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1sadn\u00edm v\u00fdstupem \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho kongresu bylo z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho meteorologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru, jemu\u017e zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159edsedal Heinrich Wild (Rusko\/\u0160v\u00fdcarsko) a jeho\u017e \u00fakolem bylo pravideln\u011b kontrolovat pokroky dosahovan\u00e9 MMO a zaji\u0161\u0165ovat v\u0161echna nezbytn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Tak p\u0159i\u0161la na sv\u011bt p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b na\u0161\u00ed V\u00fdkonn\u00e9 rady SMO. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd v\u00fdbor nav\u00edc souhlasil s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee MMO bude ji\u017e v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b pracovat efektivn\u011bji jako nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace, i kdy\u017e se tyto dva kongresy konaly na vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00farovni. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu ji\u017e od t\u00e9 doby MMO \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 kongresy nesvol\u00e1vala. Nam\u00edsto toho byl zaveden syst\u00e9m Konferenc\u00ed \u0159editel\u016f meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, a to na nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Krom\u011b napln\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed \u00falohy p\u0159i standardizaci pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed se MMO poda\u0159ilo vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu v\u00fdzkumu, zejm\u00e9na realizac\u00ed prvn\u00edch dvou Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch rok\u016f v\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1882\u20131883 a 1932\u20131933 v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010dovalo mo\u017enosti jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">MMO a SMO vlastn\u011b velmi kr\u00e1tce p\u016fsobily vedle sebe, do doby posledn\u00ed Konference \u0159editel\u016f MMO konan\u00e9 ve dnech 15. a\u017e 17. b\u0159ezna 1951 v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei. Na sam\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br t\u00e9to konference Prezident MMO Sir Nelson Johnson (Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie) ofici\u00e1ln\u011b vyhl\u00e1sil z\u00e1nik MMO a jej\u00ed nahrazen\u00ed SMO. O dva dny pozd\u011bji dne 19. b\u0159ezna 1951 byl v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei zah\u00e1jen Prvn\u00ed kongres SMO a ke konci t\u00e9ho\u017e roku dne 20. prosince 1951 p\u0159ijalo valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f rezoluci \u010d. 531(VI). SMO se tak stala specializovanou agenturou v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu OSN.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO m\u011bla tedy to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee se jej\u00ed zakladatel\u00e9 rozhodli ji vybudovat na pevn\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b polo\u017een\u00e9m MMO a z\u00e1rove\u0148 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00damluvy, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e se po\u00a0mal\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch poda\u0159ilo poskytnout SMO ve\u0161kerou s\u00edlu a pru\u017enost nezbytnou k\u00a0realizaci vhodn\u00fdch iniciativ a k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, s\u00a0nimi\u017e se za uplynul\u00fdch \u0161est desetilet\u00ed setk\u00e1vala. Od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku byla SMO uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 jako vzor \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce. P\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou v jej\u00ed \u010dinnosti se dokonce nestala ani studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, nebo\u0165 meteorologie politick\u00e9 hranice nerozli\u0161uje. Spolupr\u00e1ce proto kvetla i b\u011bhem on\u011bch nelehk\u00fdch let. Pozorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny prakticky po cel\u00e9 planet\u011b a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed byla dopln\u011bna o v\u0161echny tradi\u010dn\u00ed a dokonce n\u011bkter\u00e9 netradi\u010dn\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 parametry.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO si v\u0161ak v\u017edy byla v\u011bdoma rizik. Jej\u00ed Technick\u00fd dokument \u010d. 99 \u2013 Mo\u017en\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky velk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lky [Technical Document No 99 &#8211; Possible Climatic Consequences of a Major Nuclear War] z roku 1986 nav\u017edy z\u016fstane historick\u00fdm odkazem pro budouc\u00ed generace. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 jadern\u00e9 zimy p\u0159edm\u011btem velk\u00fdch obav ji\u017e nen\u00ed, av\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm SMO zve\u0159ejnila roku 1976 autoritativn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o akumulaci oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a jeho mo\u017en\u00fdch dopadech na zemsk\u00e9 klima. Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011blo k\u00a0zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pozornosti na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a klimatickou zm\u011bnu, na n\u011b\u017e se v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u011b nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jako na v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje a dokonce p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed lidstva, kter\u00e9 gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk OSN Pan Ki-mun ozna\u010dil jako \u201eur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzvu na\u0161\u00ed \u00e9ry\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 konferenci o klimatu v\u00a0roce 1979, jej\u00edm\u017e \u00fa\u010delem bylo projednat r\u00fdsuj\u00edc\u00ed se hrozbu klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a jej\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady, z\u0159\u00eddila SMO spolu s ICSU (tehdy Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada v\u011bdeck\u00fdch svaz\u016f) Program v\u00fdzkumu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho klimatu [World Climate Research Programme] (WCRP), k\u00a0n\u011bmu\u017e se n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159ipojila i Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed oce\u00e1nografick\u00e1 komise [Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission] (IOC) p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci UNESCO. Pro v\u011bdu m\u011bl program WCRP z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee polo\u017eil v\u011bdeck\u00e9 z\u00e1klady pro vyhodnocen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edm panelem ke klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] (IPCC), jen\u017e od roku 1988 spole\u010dn\u011b za\u0161ti\u0165uj\u00ed SMO a Program OSN pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (UNEP) a kter\u00fd ke konci roku 2007 obdr\u017eel presti\u017en\u00ed Nobelovu cenu m\u00edru.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nav\u00edc se SMO v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na Druhou sv\u011btovou konferenci o klimatu v\u00a0listopadu 1990 v\u00a0\u017denev\u011b spojila s ICSU, UNEP a IOC, aby spole\u010dn\u011b zalo\u017eily Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00fd pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m [Global Climate Observing System] (GCOS). Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 konference o klimatu krom\u011b toho zah\u00e1jila proces vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159ijet\u00ed R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 \u00famluvy OSN o zm\u011bn\u00e1ch klimatu [United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change] (UNFCCC).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 v\u00fdzva p\u0159i\u0161la i v\u00a0roce 1975, kdy SMO ustavila skupinu odborn\u00edk\u016f pov\u011b\u0159enou \u00fakolem zve\u0159ejnit autoritativn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed upozor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bt na \u0159\u00eddnut\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 stratosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nadm\u011brnou expozic\u00ed ultrafialov\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m \u201eozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry\u201c prok\u00e1zal velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam dlouhodob\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, bez nich\u017e by destrukce ozonu pokra\u010dovala se stejnou intenzitou a mo\u017en\u00e1 by do doby vzniku evidentn\u00edch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kod nebyla v\u016fbec zji\u0161t\u011bna. N\u00e1sledn\u00fd Montrealsk\u00fd protokol k\u00a0V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad spolupr\u00e1ce mezi v\u011bdci a politiky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159i pohledu zp\u011bt na t\u011bchto \u0161est desetilet\u00ed vynikne n\u011bkolik ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pro SMO znamenaly otev\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch v\u011bdeckotechnick\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Jde nap\u0159\u00edklad o um\u011bl\u00e9 dru\u017eice Zem\u011b s\u00a0dosud nev\u00eddan\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi, je\u017e nab\u00eddly v\u00a0oblasti pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, spolu s\u00a0prudk\u00fdm rozvojem v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed a telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed techniky. Tyto zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jednotliv\u00e9 faktory se brzy spojily a umo\u017enily mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat a produkt\u016f v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a realizaci programu Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed [World Weather Watch] (WWW), tedy z\u00e1sadn\u00edho programu SMO, kter\u00fd se stal z\u00e1kladem pro ostatn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdzkum realizovan\u00fd pod z\u00e1\u0161titou SMO se prudce rozv\u00edjel. Pot\u00e9, co SMO p\u0159evzala p\u016fsobnost MMO, spojila s\u00edly s\u00a0ICSU (v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada pro v\u011bdu) k\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho roku v\u00a0letech 1957\u20131958 a ned\u00e1vno i Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pol\u00e1rn\u00edho roku v\u00a0letech 2007\u20132008, jen\u017e st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b produkuje pozoruhodn\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. V\u00a0roce 1967 zorganizovaly SMO a ICSU Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed program v\u00fdzkumu atmosf\u00e9ry [Global Atmospheric Research Programme] (GARP) a jeho slavn\u00e9 experimenty, mj. Atlantick\u00fd tropick\u00fd experiment GARP [GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment], Monzunov\u00fd experiment [Monsoon Experiment] a v\u00a0letech 1978\u20131979 Prvn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed experiment GARP [First GARP Global Experiment], \u010di Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed experiment po\u010das\u00ed [Global Weather Experiment].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Brzy se dostavilo v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed: zat\u00edmco v\u00a050. letech jsme mohli doufat pouze v\u00a0p\u0159edpov\u011bdi na 24 a\u017e 36 hodin, v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e m\u00e1me u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 sedmidenn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi. Jde o \u00fasp\u011bch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed koordina\u010dn\u00ed \u00falohy SMO v\u00a0oblasti pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdzkumu, anal\u00fdz a modelov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 vedl k\u00a0dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edm na ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed i na cel\u00fd rok. Bez svobodn\u00e9 a neomezen\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny dat a produkt\u016f by toto nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9. Tato mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna p\u0159edstavuje koncepci natolik implicitn\u011b strukturovanou v\u00a0duchu \u00damluvy o zalo\u017een\u00ed SMO, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u011b ani nebyla v\u00fdslovn\u011b do \u00famluvy zahrnuta.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do 90. let se v\u0161ak mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed struktura poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb ze sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed podoby 50. let podstatn\u011b vyvinula. V\u00a0jist\u00e9m okam\u017eiku tato situace do\u0161la tak daleko, \u017ee se stala v\u00fdznamnou v\u00fdzvou. Tu \u010dlenov\u00e9 SMO \u0159e\u0161ili s\u00a0p\u0159edv\u00eddavost\u00ed i odhodl\u00e1n\u00edm a v\u00a0tradi\u010dn\u00edm duchu spolupr\u00e1ce. Uspokojiv\u011b ji vy\u0159e\u0161ili v\u00a0r\u00e1mci rezoluc\u00ed \u010d. 40 (Cg-XII) a 25 (Cg-XIII) Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho kongresu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed jevy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro bezpe\u010dnost lidstva velmi z\u00e1va\u017enou hrozbu. SMO proto vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 podstatn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na v\u00fdvoj funk\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f varov\u00e1n\u00ed a efektivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti p\u0159ipravenosti, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e p\u0159isp\u011bly k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ztr\u00e1t na \u017eivotech zp\u016fsobovan\u00fdch t\u011bmito jevy. K\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dostupnosti v\u0161ech t\u011bchto v\u00fdhod pro v\u0161echny \u010dleny v\u011bnuje SMO zna\u010dnou pozornost rozvojov\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch, aby jim tak garantovala voln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0pokrokov\u00fdm produkt\u016fm i schopnost jich vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0vlastn\u00edmi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi po\u017eadavky a glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi z\u00e1vazky. Tento c\u00edl vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho posl\u00e1n\u00ed SMO.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u011bhem uplynul\u00fdch 60 let se mapa sv\u011bta podstatn\u011b zm\u011bnila. \u010clensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna SMO v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 189 zem\u00ed a teritori\u00ed. Nejnov\u011bji dne 4. prosince 2009 nabyla \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0SMO Demokratick\u00e1 republika Timor-Leste. V\u00a0dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho vstupu do SMO v\u0161ak n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161i nov\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 nedisponuj\u00ed takov\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi a zdroji, aby na podporu sv\u00e9ho udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje zavedli by\u0165 jen nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed odborn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161kolen\u00ed oblasti, v\u00a0nich\u017e \u00fasp\u011bchy dosa\u017een\u00e9 SMO maj\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b pozitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rozhodnut\u00ed zahrnout do r\u00e1mce p\u016fsobnosti SMO i hydrologii dozr\u00e1valo v\u00a0obdob\u00ed od Druh\u00e9ho (1955) do T\u0159et\u00edho (1959) sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho kongresu. T\u0159et\u00ed kongres z\u0159\u00eddil Komisi pro hydrologickou meteorologii, kter\u00e1 se do roku 1971 vyvinula do sv\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 podoby Komise pro hydrologii (CHy). D\u00edky t\u011bmto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm umo\u017enily \u010dinnosti jako nap\u0159. sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a ochrana kvality povrchov\u00fdch a podzemn\u00edch vod Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci vyd\u00e1vat autoritativn\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed zanikaj\u00edc\u00edmi zdroji vody, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0d\u016fvodu st\u00e1le siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho tlaku rostouc\u00ed populace a zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed vod. Integrovan\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f realizovan\u00e9 podle SMO pak ukazuje cestu k\u00a0optimalizaci vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich omezen\u00fdch sladkovodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed oslavy Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9 vybran\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. Na sv\u00e9m 60. zased\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 rada SMO rozhodla, \u017ee v\u00a0roce 2010 t\u00edmto t\u00e9matem bude \u201eSv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace \u2013 60 let slu\u017eby pro bezpe\u010dnost a spokojen\u00fd \u017eivot\u201c. T\u00e9ma je to zejm\u00e9na vhodn\u00e9 v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy se po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komunity sna\u017e\u00ed naplnit Rozvojov\u00e9 c\u00edle tis\u00edcilet\u00ed OSN, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0oblasti zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, potravin a vody a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed chudoby, jako\u017e i pos\u00edlit svou odolnost tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0tv\u00e1\u0159 opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm katastrof\u00e1m, a napom\u016f\u017ee jim aktivn\u011b reagovat na zesiluj\u00edc\u00ed dopady klimatick\u00e9 prom\u011bnlivosti a zm\u011bny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u011bhem t\u011bchto \u0161esti desetilet\u00ed poskytly v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f, jich\u017e je v mnoha odv\u011btv\u00edch mo\u017eno dos\u00e1hnout spoluprac\u00ed v\u00a0meteorologii, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0hlediska bezpe\u010dnosti lid\u00ed a prosperity, i n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed programy a aktivity SMO. Mezi evidentn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady pat\u0159\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnost z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami, zdravotnictv\u00ed, doprava, cestovn\u00ed ruch, stavebnictv\u00ed a energetika. Z\u0159ejm\u011b by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 a dokonce ani spravedliv\u00e9 sna\u017eit se v\u00a0tomto stru\u010dn\u00e9m poselstv\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bt v\u0161echny, kter\u00e9 se o to zaslou\u017eily. Mnohem p\u0159\u00edhodn\u011bji jsou proto pops\u00e1ny v\u00a0bro\u017eu\u0159e vydan\u00e9 ke Sv\u011btov\u00e9mu meteorologick\u00e9mu dni 2010, nazvan\u00e9 \u201eWorld meteorological organization &#8211; <strong>60 years of service for your safety and well-being<\/strong>\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nov\u00e1 publikace tak\u00e9 zt\u011bles\u0148uje obnoven\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed zachovat d\u011bjiny SMO budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm. Skute\u010dn\u011b jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee t\u00e9ma Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2010, \u201eSv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace \u2013 60 let slu\u017eby pro bezpe\u010dnost a spokojen\u00fd \u017eivot\u201c, p\u0159isp\u011bje k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed anga\u017eovanosti v\u0161ech \u010dlen\u016f a partner\u016f SMO, k\u00a0\u010demu\u017e jim z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho srdce blahop\u0159eji.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">R\u00e1d bych tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d, minist\u0159i a vysoc\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci 160 zem\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se ve dnech 31. srpna a\u017e 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2009 z\u00fa\u010dastnili Zased\u00e1n\u00ed na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Sv\u011btov\u00e9 konference o klimatu 3 (WCC-3), se jednomysln\u011b shodli na ustanoven\u00ed Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce pro klimatick\u00e9 slu\u017eby [Global Framework for Climate Services] (GFCS), s\u00a0c\u00edlem pos\u00edlit poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed, produkt\u016f a informac\u00ed v\u00a0celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">GFCS sehraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00falohu p\u0159i podpo\u0159e spole\u010dnost\u00ed odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b. Pos\u00edlen\u00edm \u010dinnost\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumu a zkvalitn\u011bn\u00edm informovanosti, stejn\u011b jako nov\u00fdm mechanizmem interakce mezi u\u017eivateli a poskytovateli klimatick\u00fdch informac\u00ed, tento r\u00e1mec zajist\u00ed, aby v\u0161echny spole\u010densk\u00e9 sektory m\u011bly k\u00a0dispozici u\u017eivatelsky p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 produkty, je\u017e jim v\u00a0konfrontaci s\u00a0klimatick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami umo\u017en\u00ed l\u00e9pe pl\u00e1novat do budoucna.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee d\u00edky t\u00e9to iniciativ\u011b i dal\u0161\u00edm, je\u017e budou n\u00e1sledovat, se SMO stane je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce sm\u011brodatnou p\u0159i slu\u017eb\u011b lidstvu v\u00a0nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch. Za tuto schopnost jsme v\u0161ichni zav\u00e1z\u00e1ni cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b generac\u00ed meteorolog\u016f a hydrolog\u016f ze v\u0161ech zem\u00ed sv\u011bta. U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2010 jim v\u0161em vzd\u00e1v\u00e1me hold.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb876da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb876da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e04980\" data-id=\"6e04980\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a5bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13a5bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2009<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b601591 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b601591\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6eb788\" data-id=\"a6eb788\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e5043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72e5043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>Po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vzduch, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO Michela Jarrauda u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2009<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO) i cel\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 komunita ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b slav\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den, kter\u00fdm si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me den 23. b\u0159ezna 1950, kdy vstoupila v platnost \u00damluva zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed SMO. Od toho dne p\u0159evzala SMO p\u016fsobnost b\u00fdval\u00e9 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (MMO), z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 Prvn\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdm kongresem (v z\u00e1\u0159i roku 1873 ve V\u00eddni) za \u00fa\u010delem podpory mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v meteorologii, v\u010detn\u011b koordinace pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a normalizace p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 techniky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rok po t\u00e9to restrukturalizaci se v roce 1951 SMO stala specializovanou organizac\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Do sou\u010dasnosti, kdy jej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna je podstatn\u011b \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 na 188 zem\u00ed a teritori\u00ed, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila SMO svou p\u016fsobnost o hydrologii a ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed oslavy Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00e9ma. V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 rada SMO proto na sv\u00e9m 59. zased\u00e1n\u00ed v kv\u011btnu roku 2007 rozhodla, \u017ee t\u00e9matem roku 2009 bude \u201ePo\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vzduch, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me\u201c. Jde o t\u00e9ma vhodn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b, kdy jednotliv\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b bojuj\u00ed o napln\u011bn\u00ed Rozvojov\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f tis\u00edcilet\u00ed OSN, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v oblastech zabezpe\u010den\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, potravin a vody a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed chudoby, i o zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed vlastn\u00ed \u010dinnosti p\u0159i p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich n\u00e1sledk\u016f. Devades\u00e1t procent z nich se p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00e1\u017ee na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vody, a proto spad\u00e1 do p\u016fsobnosti SMO. V\u011bdci a zdravotni\u010dt\u00ed odborn\u00edci si nav\u00edc st\u00e1le v\u00edce uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prov\u00e1zanost mezi vodou, a slo\u017een\u00edm vzduchu, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me, a jejich vlivy na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po mnoho stolet\u00ed se lidstvu p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b dob\u0159e da\u0159ilo adaptovat se na vlivy po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm obydl\u00ed a zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdroby potravin a zaji\u0161t\u011bni energiemi, jako\u017e i \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm klimatick\u00fdm a ekologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. B\u011bhem uplynul\u00fdch desetilet\u00ed v\u0161ak n\u00e1r\u016fst populace, rostouc\u00ed spot\u0159eba energi\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd rozvoj p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k emis\u00edm plyn\u016f a suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. K tomu tak\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed. Klesaj\u00edc\u00ed kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zhor\u0161uje nebo dokonce zp\u016fsobuje astma, srde\u010dn\u00ed choroby, rakovinu plic a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed nemoci a choroby. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se nav\u00edc negativn\u011b projevuje na celosv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomice, bezpe\u010dnosti z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou a potravinami a na udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m rozvoji, nebo\u0165 zp\u016fsobuje po\u0161kozen\u00ed rostlin, plodin a ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je si p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee ji\u017e Hippokrates (ca 460\u2013377 p\u0159. n. l.), mnoh\u00fdmi pova\u017eovan\u00fd za \u201eotce medic\u00edny\u201c, odm\u00edtal pov\u011bry a prosazoval v\u011bdeck\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, klasifikoval choroby a stanovil soubor mor\u00e1ln\u00edch a profesn\u00edch norem, kter\u00e9 se pova\u017euj\u00ed za platn\u00e9 a\u017e dosud. Zejm\u00e9na jeho pr\u00e1ce, nazvan\u00e1 o vzduchu, vod\u011b a m\u00edstech, uva\u017euje o p\u016fsoben\u00ed podneb\u00ed, dostupnosti vody a region\u016f na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky \u017divota v Evrop\u011b a Asii. V\u00a0Hippokratov\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch se v\u0161eobecn\u011b m\u011blo za to, \u017ee existuj\u00ed pouze \u010dty\u0159i \u017eivly, zem\u011b, vzduch, ohe\u0148 a voda, se sv\u00fdmi odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi vlastnostmi \u2013 chlad, sucho, teplo a vlhko. Kdyby byly v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble zastoupeny ve spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch a na spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch m\u00edstech&#8217; zajistily by dobr\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b destrukce t\u00e9to rovnov\u00e1hy doch\u00e1z\u00ed i ke zni\u010den\u00ed zdrav\u00ed. Dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee stopov\u00e9 plyny a suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na podneb\u00ed, po\u010das\u00ed i kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed vlivu po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a kvality vzduchu, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me, p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed meteorologov\u00e9, klimatologov\u00e9 a chemici, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se atmosf\u00e9rou, svou vz\u00e1jemnou spoluprac\u00ed p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed progn\u00f3z a anal\u00fdz rozlo\u017een\u00ed, koncentrace a p\u0159enosu plyn\u016f a suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e odborn\u00edk\u016fm v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a ochran\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO ji\u017e v 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed jako prvn\u00ed prosazovala my\u0161lenky koordinace pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdz slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry. \u00dadaje o sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynech, aerosolech a ozonu i o klasicky sledovan\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch veli\u010din\u00e1ch se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed pravideln\u011b a za pomoci glob\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed pozemn\u00edch stanic a stanic distan\u010dn\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, balonov\u00fdch sond, radarov\u00fdch, leteck\u00fdch a dru\u017eicov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Tato \u010dinnost p\u0159isp\u011bla k pochopen\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edho se chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry a vytvo\u0159ila v\u011bdeckou z\u00e1kladnu na\u0161ich sou\u010dasn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed vliv\u016f po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a opa\u010dn\u00fdch vliv\u016f slo\u017eek ovzdu\u0161\u00ed na po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cetn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady t\u00e9to pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti SMO lze vysledovat ji\u017e ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00edch zah\u00e1jen\u00fdch v\u00a0souvislosti s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi a geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi roky, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaly za p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (NMHS), \u010dlen\u016f SMO, ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi. V tomto sm\u011bru se SMO aktivn\u011b anga\u017euje v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed o vyhodnocen\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed neust\u00e1le se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry z hlediska l\u00e1tek zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, jako jsou p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed ozon, smog, suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, SO<sub>2<\/sub> a CO, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 bezprost\u0159edn\u011b v d\u016fsledku spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv v\u00a0pr\u016fmyslu i v lok\u00e1ln\u00edch topeni\u0161t\u00edch a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i kv\u016fli automobilov\u00e9 doprav\u011b. SMO byla zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed organizac\u00ed p\u0159i vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00e1d\u011bni t\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00famluv t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry: \u00damluva OSN\/EHK o d\u00e1lkov\u00e9m p\u0159enosu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159es hranice st\u00e1t\u016f (1979), V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 \u00famluva o ochran\u011b ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy (1985) a R\u00e1mcov\u00e1 \u00famluva o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b OSN (1994). Tyto mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mechanizmy, \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro celosv\u011btovou aktivitu, SMO nad\u00e1le podporuje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada l\u00e1tek zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu, kter\u00e9 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1me a kter\u00e9 se vymykaj\u00ed rozsahu p\u0159irozen\u00e9 variability, ji\u017e jsme se nau\u010dili o\u010dek\u00e1vat od astronomick\u00fdch a geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vliv\u016f samotn\u00fdch. SMO je jedn\u00edm z garant\u016f Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b (IPCC), kter\u00fd ji\u017e vydal svou \u010ctvrtou hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu a v roce 2007 p\u0159ijal presti\u017en\u00ed Nobelovu cenu m\u00edru. Z jeho z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna je jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 a velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi antropogenn\u00edmi emisemi sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. IPCC d\u00e1le p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 rostouc\u00ed \u010detnost a intenzitu z\u00e1plav, sucha a dal\u0161\u00edch extr\u00e9mn\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch jev\u016f, a to v d\u016fsledku oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu, zejm\u00e9na vln veder, kter\u00e1 se mohou nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b projevit na lidsk\u00e9m zdrav\u00ed, jako\u017e i zhor\u0161it epizody zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a zp\u016fsobovat po\u017e\u00e1ry ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00edtr, d\u00e9\u0161\u0165, sn\u00edh, slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a teplota mohou ovliv\u0148ovat p\u0159enos a dlouhodob\u00e9 setrv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e1tek zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch ovzdu\u0161\u00ed r\u016fznou m\u011brou. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 teplo tyto l\u00e1tky \u201eznehyb\u0148uje\u201c, zat\u00edmco d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a sn\u00edh je sp\u00ed\u0161e vyplav\u00ed z ovzdu\u0161\u00ed do zem\u011b a oce\u00e1n\u016f. P\u0159i vyhodnocovan\u00ed a predikci zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed mohou tedy v\u011bdci s v\u00fdhodou pou\u017e\u00edvat meteorologick\u00e9 modely. V\u010dasn\u00e9, relevantn\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed tak p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k ochran\u011b \u017eivota a majetku a dopl\u0148uj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V uplynul\u00fdch 30 letech se zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed podstatn\u011b zkvalitnilo, av\u0161ak \u010dasto je v\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed do m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. I p\u0159esto ji\u017e p\u0159edpov\u011bdi kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det NMHS a \u0159ada z nich tak\u00e9 poskytuje \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum m\u00edstn\u011b vhodn\u00fdch, u\u017eivatelsky p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdch index\u016f a pom\u016fcek zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edch kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159. barevn\u011b k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 diagramy. Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm jednotliv\u00e9 regiony vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed upozorn\u011bn\u00ed, se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed, a SMO proto podporuje \u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na maximalizaci efektivnosti p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch produkt\u016f upozor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a jejich celospole\u010densk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je\u0161t\u011b nikdy nebylo t\u011bchto produkt\u016f tolik t\u0159eba. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) odhaduje, \u017ee zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b dva miliony p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed. I pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentrace ozonu, suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tek mohou m\u00edt z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na stav d\u00fdchac\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed a srdce, zejm\u00e9na v rozvojov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, tak\u017ee p\u0159edpov\u011bdi kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 funkce v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed a napom\u00e1haj\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148ovat nebezpe\u010d\u00ed zp\u016fsobovan\u00e1 l\u00e1tkami zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edmi ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jak se rozr\u016fstaj\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed megapole, jejich specificky m\u011bstsk\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed postihuje po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed. Asi polovina sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace \u017eije ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech. Mnoho z nich postr\u00e1d\u00e1 jak\u00fdkoliv monitoring kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, hlavn\u011b v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Proto je dal\u0161\u00edm a st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem zmobilizovat zdroje a Vypracovat vhodn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v t\u011bchto zem\u00edch. Program SMO Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry a jej\u00ed Program celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu po\u010das\u00ed aktivn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed mno\u017einu slu\u017eeb v oblasti kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou aktu\u00e1ln\u011b k dispozici prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm NMHS, \u010dlen\u016f SMO. V n\u011bkolika zem\u00edch ji\u017e byla za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161en\u00ed predikce zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a prevence souvisej\u00edc\u00edch dopad\u016f zah\u00e1jena cel\u00e1 \u0159ada projekt\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO krom\u011b koordinace \u010dinnost\u00ed v oblasti p\u0159edpov\u011bdi zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed prosazuje v t\u00e9to oblasti tak\u00e9 v\u00fdzkum. P\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed absorpce, resp. odrazu tepla zemsk\u00fdm povrchem, oblaky a atmosf\u00e9rou, jako\u017e i p\u0159i tvorb\u011b t\u011bchto oblak\u016f a sr\u00e1\u017eek hraj\u00ed zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00falohu pr\u00e1v\u011b v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, neboli aerosoly. D\u00e9\u0161\u0165 sice v\u011bt\u0161inu aerosol\u016f z ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed vypl\u00e1chne, n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice v\u0161ak mohou v su\u0161\u0161\u00edch vzduchov\u00fdch hmot\u00e1ch a v mezn\u00ed vrstv\u011b atmosf\u00e9ry p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat d\u00e9le a s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlivy. Studie o aerosolech se proto staly v\u00fdznamnou oblast\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a budou hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou dal\u0161\u00ed generace p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch model\u016f podneb\u00ed a po\u010das\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed tak\u00e9 hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli z hlediska koncentrac\u00ed p\u00edsku a prachu, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed dohlednost, po\u0161kozuj\u00ed plodiny a postihuj\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed klima. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u00edse\u010dn\u00fdch a pra\u0161n\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd c\u00edl syst\u00e9mu SMO pro varov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed p\u00edse\u010dn\u00fdch a pra\u0161n\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed a souvisej\u00edc\u00edho poradenstv\u00ed&#8217; Tento syst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148uje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed denn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed p\u00edse\u010dn\u00fdch a pra\u0161n\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed a jejich p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed do glob\u00e1ln\u00edch opera\u010dn\u00edch st\u0159edisek. Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm c\u00edlem je v\u00fdzkum a vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed vliv\u016f p\u00edse\u010dn\u00fdch a pra\u0161n\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 SMO a jej\u00ed partnersk\u00e9 organizace se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumem a p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch jev\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na dopad na severn\u00ed Afriku, Asii a Severn\u00ed Ameriku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">NMHS \u010dlen\u016f SMO a n\u011bkter\u00fdch jej\u00edch partner\u016f sehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou \u00falohu p\u0159i monitoringu a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch situac\u00ed. B\u011bhem mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 situace, kdy m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k \u00faniku nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, jako jsou nap\u0159. \u00faniky chemik\u00e1li\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch hav\u00e1ri\u00edch, sope\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdbuchy, choroby \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 vzdu\u0161n\u00fdmi proudy nebo hav\u00e1rie na jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b, mohou meteorologov\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt n\u00e1sledn\u00fd rozptyl a transport t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek&#8217; V tomto sm\u011bru umo\u017e\u0148uje program SMO zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na \u010dinnosti havarijn\u00ed odezvy numerick\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchem p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b specializovan\u00fdch region\u00e1ln\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch center SMO, a to v \u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci s WHO, Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agenturou pro atomovou energii, Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizac\u00ed civiln\u00edho letectv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi partnery.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Realizac\u00ed program\u016f kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed usiluj\u00ed SMO a \u010dlensk\u00e9 NMHS i o pos\u00edlen\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o t\u011bsn\u00e9 prov\u00e1zanosti mezi po\u010das\u00edm, podneb\u00edm a vzduchem, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me, nebo\u0165 v\u00fdstupem z t\u011bchto program\u016f jsou vysoce sm\u011brodatn\u00e9 a autoritativn\u00ed informace ur\u010den\u00e9 pro rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinitele i \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost. Jde o spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci v\u0161ech spole\u010denstv\u00ed a odv\u011btv\u00ed. Jeho v\u00fdznam se letos odraz\u00ed v kontextu T\u0159et\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 konference, kter\u00e1 se bude konat ve dnech 31. srpna a\u017e 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v \u017denev\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V r\u00e1mci tohoto naprosto nezbytn\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed budou NMHS nad\u00e1le p\u016fsobit jako hlavn\u00ed \u010dinitel p\u0159i ochran\u011b lidsk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jsem si jist\u00fd, \u017ee t\u00e9ma Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2009 napom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed anga\u017eovanosti v\u0161ech \u010dlen\u016f a partner\u016f SMO na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni. R\u00e1d bych jim z cel\u00e9ho srdce u t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti poblahop\u0159\u00e1l.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6cee1ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6cee1ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dda262\" data-id=\"7dda262\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f783cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f783cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2008<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb3218e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb3218e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca9424\" data-id=\"dca9424\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69465eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69465eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed planety pro lep\u0161\u00ed budoucnost<\/strong><\/h2><div><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO Michela Jarrauda<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zachovan\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed nes\u010detn\u00e9 odkazy na po\u010das\u00ed a klima. Nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kultury si k\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch parametr\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159ely rudiment\u00e1rn\u00ed, av\u0161ak d\u016fmysln\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, \u010dasto v\u00a0sou\u010dinnosti s\u00a0astronomi\u00ed a astrologi\u00ed. V polovin\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed ji\u017e lidstvo za\u010dalo sb\u00edrat \u00fadaje systematicky, vedeno snahou o rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed opakuj\u00edc\u00edch se vzorc\u016f po\u010das\u00ed a o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enosti dovozovat jeho budouc\u00ed stavy. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak vytvo\u0159en\u00ed koncepce mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b koordinovan\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed trvalo d\u00e9le, a\u010dkoliv intuitivn\u011b ji\u017e lidstvo pr\u016f\u0159ezovou povahu meteorologick\u00fdch jev\u016f ch\u00e1palo v\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prvn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 byla z\u0159\u00edzena v\u00a0roce 1654 Ferdinandem II. Tosk\u00e1nsk\u00fdm. Sedm stanic t\u00e9to s\u00edt\u011b se nach\u00e1zelo v\u00a0severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii, dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i pak ve Var\u0161av\u011b, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, Innsbrucku a Osnabr\u00fccku. Ve Florencii bylo ka\u017edodenn\u011b realizov\u00e1no 15 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk se datuje do roku 1780, a to v\u00a0podob\u011b s\u00edt\u011b 39 stanic; 37 se nach\u00e1zelo v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a dv\u011b v\u00a0Severn\u00ed Americe. Byly z\u0159\u00edzeny spolkem zvan\u00fdm Societas Meteorologica Palatina, co\u017e je latinsk\u00fd n\u00e1zev p\u0159ijat\u00fd Meteorologickou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Mannheimu. Tato s\u00ed\u0165 sice existovala jen po dobu dvan\u00e1cti let, p\u0159esto v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavovala v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok kup\u0159edu, nebo\u0165 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed prob\u00edhalo pomoc\u00ed jednotn\u00fdch postup\u016f a s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm pe\u010dliv\u011b kalibrovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byla za\u0159azena do s\u00e9rie ro\u010denek Ephemerides Societatis Meteorologicae Palatinae.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jako by to nazna\u010doval ji\u017e s\u00e1m jejich n\u00e1zev, \u0161\u0165astn\u011b po\u010dat\u00e9 ro\u010denky Ephemerides v\u0161ak byly opravdu efem\u00e9rn\u00ed. Potrv\u00e1 proto je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed, ne\u017e prvn\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 konference (Brusel 1853) a Prvn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd kongres (V\u00edde\u0148 1873) poskytne strukturu vhodnou ke\u00a0znovuzah\u00e1jen\u00ed realizace koncepce mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b koordinovan\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. K\u00a0tomu d\u00edky zalo\u017een\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b soudob\u00e9 Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, nakonec skute\u010dn\u011b do\u0161lo.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ji\u017e brzy m\u011bl p\u0159ij\u00edt prvn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdznamu t\u00e9to koordinovan\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce, a to v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0prvn\u00edm Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pol\u00e1rn\u00edm rokem (1882\u20131883). \u0160lo o spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed jeden\u00e1cti st\u00e1t\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a provoz dvan\u00e1cti stanic kolem Severn\u00edho p\u00f3lu a dvou v\u00a0Antarktid\u011b. Krom\u011b \u010dist\u011b meteorologick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se na stanic\u00edch tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bla pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed se \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1b\u011brem, soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e1 na geomagnetismus, atmosf\u00e9rickou elekt\u0159inu, oce\u00e1nografii, glaciologii a vzorkov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. T\u00e9to v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u010dinnosti se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo p\u0159es \u010dty\u0159icet observato\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1950 vstoupila v platnost \u00damluva, j\u00ed\u017e byla Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace zalo\u017eena. Toto datum se v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 jako Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den. Kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9 (v roce 1951) byla SMO v\u010dlen\u011bna jako specializovan\u00e1 agencie do\u00a0syst\u00e9mu OSN. Stalo se zvykem, \u017ee V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 rada SMO vyb\u00edr\u00e1 k\u00a0oslav\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9ho Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne n\u011bjak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed t\u00e9ma. U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti sv\u00e9ho 58. zased\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se konalo v\u00a0\u017denev\u011b v\u00a0\u010dervnu 2006, se V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 rada rozhodla, \u017ee t\u00e9matem Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2008 bude \u201ePozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed planety pro lep\u0161\u00ed budoucnost\u201c jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch pro \u010dleny SMO, jejich n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby (NMHS), i pro SMO jako celek z\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch a hodnov\u011brn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le obor\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b\u00a0mand\u00e1tu SMO v\u00a0oblasti po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vod.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hodna zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9, co SMO p\u0159evzala p\u016fsobnost MMO, za\u010daly kolem na\u0161\u00ed planety krou\u017eit um\u011bl\u00e9 dru\u017eice, kter\u00e9 se brzy staly o\u010dima lidstva na obloze a za\u010daly n\u00e1m dod\u00e1vat obrazov\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace o skute\u010dn\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edm charakteru oblak\u016f a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jev\u016f. Zcela nez\u00e1visle, ale p\u0159esto t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sou\u010dasn\u011b, dos\u00e1hl elektronick\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d dostate\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b k tomu, aby v\u011bdci za\u010dali pova\u017eovat metody poprv\u00e9 navr\u017een\u00e9 Richardsonem v\u00a0jeho knize z\u00a0roku 1922 Weather Prediction by Numerical Methods (P\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed numerick\u00fdmi metodami) za skute\u010dn\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9. Nen\u00ed tak\u00e9 bez zaj\u00edmavosti, \u017ee ve stejn\u00e9m roce 1950, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e vstoupila platnost \u00damluva o SMO, publikovali Charney, Fj\u00f8rtoft a von Neumann prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem zpracovan\u00e9 numerick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u011bdeck\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b rozpoznalo v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto dvou v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch technick\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, kter\u00e9 nakonec dne 20. prosince 1961 vedly valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN k\u00a0p\u0159ijet\u00ed rezoluce \u010d. 1721\/XVI o m\u00edrov\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed kosmu. V\u00a0rezoluci se Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci ukl\u00e1d\u00e1, aby vypracovala pl\u00e1n vyu\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Rezoluce OSN sledovala dva hlavn\u00ed c\u00edle: zah\u00e1jen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho programu v\u00fdzkumu atmosf\u00e9ry Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP) a celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho programu SMO pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed World Weather Watch (WWW). Program WWW se pak brzy stal z\u00e1kladn\u00edm programem SMO zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm na sjednocov\u00e1n\u00ed, sb\u011br, rozbor, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a celosv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed o po\u010das\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b se pak realizovaly v\u0161echny dal\u0161\u00ed programy SMO. Program WWW byl zah\u00e1jen v\u00a0roce 1963 jeho schv\u00e1len\u00edm na 4. sv\u011btov\u00e9m meteorologick\u00e9m kongresu. Jednou z\u00a0jeho t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch slo\u017eek byl glob\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Global Observing System (GOS), zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na sou\u0161i, na mo\u0159i, ve vzduchu a v\u00a0kosmu pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch parametr\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">I kdy\u017e od t\u00e9 doby ub\u011bhlo ji\u017e skoro 45 let, program WWW je dnes st\u00e1le stejn\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro SMO, jako byl tehdy. Proto jej SMO spolu s n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi slu\u017ebami sv\u00fdch 188 \u010dlen\u016f neust\u00e1le aktualizuje a modernizuje. Na 15. sv\u011btov\u00e9m meteorologick\u00e9m kongresu (konan\u00e9m v\u00a0kv\u011btnu roku 2007 v \u017denev\u011b) byl proto schv\u00e1len pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0u\u017e\u0161\u00edmu propojen\u00ed v\u0161ech pozorovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f SMO, a to zaveden\u00edm komplexn\u00ed, koordinovan\u00e9 a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 struktury zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed vz\u00e1jemnou provozuschopnost jeho slo\u017eek, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdvoje a realizace Informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu SMO (WMO Information System, WIS) tak, jak se s\u00a0n\u00edm uva\u017euje ve Strategick\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu SMO, kter\u00fd byl na kongresu tak\u00e9 schv\u00e1len.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kongres rozhodl o n\u00e1zvu t\u00e9to iniciativy \u2013 WIGOS (WMO Integrated Global Observing System, Integrovan\u00fd glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m SMO) a p\u0159id\u011blil j\u00ed vysokou prioritu. Krom\u011b toho kongres konstatoval, \u017ee iniciativa WIGOS by m\u011bla prob\u00edhat soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s\u00a0pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm a realizac\u00ed WIS tak, aby se umo\u017enil vznik integrovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu syst\u00e9m\u016f SMO ur\u010den\u00e9ho k pos\u00edlen\u00ed schopnosti \u010dlen\u016f SMO efektivn\u011b poskytovat st\u00e1le se roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed spektrum slu\u017eeb a l\u00e9pe plnit po\u017eadavky v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch program\u016f SMO.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je zcela jasn\u00e9, \u017ee u\u017e\u0161\u00ed propojen\u00ed v\u0161ech pozorovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f SMO zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bje k\u00a0zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb v\u00a0oblasti po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vod. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem \u00fasp\u011bchu budou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 schopnosti \u010dlen\u016f poskytovat s\u00a0nezbytnou m\u00edrou rozli\u0161en\u00ed, p\u0159esnosti, spolehlivosti a v\u010dasnosti ty informace, jich\u017e je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed k\u00a0pln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f v\u0161ech u\u017eivatel\u016f. Bude to vy\u017eadovat dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj s\u00a0c\u00edlem co nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem doplnit st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce bude tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba ke zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed metod a model\u016f asimilace dat tak, aby pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00e1vala maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Integrovan\u00fd glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m podporovan\u00fd integrovan\u00fdm informa\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem bude p\u0159edstavovat vskutku v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k\u00a0realizaci spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch ze \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly produkt\u016f a slu\u017eeb t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vod, se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm z\u0159etelem k ochran\u011b \u017eivota, \u017eivobyt\u00ed a majetku, zdrav\u00ed a blahobytu, k bezpe\u010dnost na sou\u0161i, mo\u0159i i ve vzduchu, k hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu r\u016fstu, ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, ke kvalit\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a tak\u00e9 k \u010dinnostem zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom, zejm\u00e9na k \u010dinnostem spojen\u00fdm s\u00a0adaptac\u00ed na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatickou zm\u011bnu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed SMO na u\u017e\u0161\u00ed propojen\u00ed, integraci jej\u00edch pozorovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f nav\u00edc p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k\u00a0iniciativ\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed Skupiny pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Zem\u011b, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na v\u00fdvoj glob\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu syst\u00e9m\u016f pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Zem\u011b (Global Earth Observation System of Systems, GEOSS) vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho ze st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch, region\u00e1ln\u00edch a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, s\u00a0c\u00edlem dal\u0161\u00ed integrace jejich p\u016fsobnosti. Pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my SMO p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky GEOSS, a efektivnost GEOSS bude proto z\u00e1viset na efektivnosti WIGOS.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0souvislosti se zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom mohou po\u010das\u00ed, klima a vody ovlivnit skoro ka\u017edou str\u00e1nku \u017eivota. Jist\u011b v\u00edte, \u017ee tyto vlivy zesiluj\u00ed a z\u00e1sadn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomiky. Dev\u011bt z\u00a0deseti p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof je spojeno s\u00a0nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho charakteru. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1980 a\u017e 2000 zp\u016fsobily smrt 1,2 mil. lid\u00ed a jejich d\u016fsledky st\u00e1ly v\u00edce ne\u017e 900 mld. USD. Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch produkt\u016f a slu\u017eeb ze strany n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb tv\u016frc\u016fm politiky, m\u00e9di\u00edm a ve\u0159ejnosti m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l dopady t\u011bchto jev\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u011b zm\u00edrnit, nebo\u0165 a\u010dkoliv p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm pohrom\u00e1m zabr\u00e1nit nelze, vyu\u017eit\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed je mo\u017eno jejich \u0161kodliv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky podstatn\u011b minimalizovat.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch tak\u00e9 v\u00a0d\u016fsledku urbanizace, p\u0159esun\u016f obyvatel do p\u0159irozen\u011b k\u0159eh\u010d\u00edch oblast\u00ed, jako jsou pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, n\u00ed\u017einy, velk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed delty a z\u00e1plavov\u00e9 oblasti, \u010di roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed komunit do such\u00fdch oblast\u00ed vzrostl po\u010det zraniteln\u00fdch komunit. Jejich zranitelnost d\u00e1le zhor\u0161\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed intenzity a \u010detnosti extr\u00e9mn\u00edch jev\u016f p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0klimatickou zm\u011bnou. Ve\u0159ejn\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9 odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00edci z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch slo\u017eek proto budou pot\u0159ebovat k\u00a0vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch krizov\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f v\u00edce informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Krom\u011b toho je st\u00e1le v\u00edce t\u0159eba informa\u010dn\u00edho zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti po\u010das\u00ed, klimatu a vod na podporu spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch aktivit, jako jsou zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, doprava, energetika a vodohospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. V\u0161echny maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l poskytovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b skromn\u00fdch investic do budov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch kapacit mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy z\u00a0hlediska rozvoje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru tohoto ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho poselstv\u00ed bych r\u00e1d podtrhl toto: skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den je letos spojen s\u00a0t\u00e9matem Pozorovan\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed planety pro lep\u0161\u00ed budoucnost, nen\u00ed v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u011bc n\u00e1hody. B\u011bhem roku, kter\u00fd uplynul od minul\u00e9ho Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne, se ud\u00e1la cel\u00e1 \u0159ada z\u00e1sadn\u00edch jev\u016f. V\u0161echny daly v\u00fdrazn\u011b vyniknout \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9mu a dosud nev\u00eddan\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamu celosv\u011btov\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zaprv\u00e9 mi dovolte p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee t\u00e9ma Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne roku 2007 souviselo se zah\u00e1jen\u00edm Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pol\u00e1rn\u00edho roku (IPY) 2007\u20132008, kter\u00e9mu SMO poskytuje z\u00e1\u0161titu v\u00a0partnerstv\u00ed s\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed radou pro v\u011bdu (International Council for Science). Dnes, na po\u010d\u00e1tku druh\u00e9ho roku IPY, r\u00e1d zd\u016fraz\u0148uji, \u017ee pro SMO se v\u00fdznam skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee se vydala na cestu tohoto v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho podniku, denn\u011b prokazuje v\u00a0podob\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me z\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kdy byl konec sez\u00f3ny t\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu v\u00a0roce 2007, \u010dinil pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd \u201erozsah mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu\u201c sotva 4,28 mil. km<sup>2<\/sup>. Jde o nejmen\u0161\u00ed dosud zaznamenanou hodnotu, kter\u00e1 je o 23 procent ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed rekord zaznamenan\u00fdm pouze o dva roky d\u0159\u00edve. Poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0psan\u00e9 historii umo\u017enilo zmizen\u00ed ledu v \u010d\u00e1stech Arktidy na n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f splavnost legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed cesty, kter\u00e1 byla po stalet\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdprav jak pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk\u016f, tak obchodn\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zadruh\u00e9 a v\u00a0podobn\u00e9 souvislosti, Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed panel pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu (IPCC), kter\u00fd SMO za\u0161ti\u0165uje od roku 1988 v\u00a0partnerstv\u00ed s\u00a0UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), ned\u00e1vno dopracoval svou \u010ctvrtou hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu. IPCC zejm\u00e9na konstatuje, \u017ee oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 soustavy je jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, jak nyn\u00ed evidentn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho n\u00e1r\u016fstu pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch teplot vzduchu a oce\u00e1n\u016f, postupuj\u00edc\u00edho t\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu a ledu a zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hladiny. Zpr\u00e1va d\u00e1le konstatuje, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1r\u016fst\u016f celosv\u011btov\u011b zpr\u016fm\u011brovan\u00fdch teplot pozorovan\u00fdch od poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobena n\u00e1r\u016fstem zaznamenan\u00fdm u koncentrac\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bkem produkovan\u00fdch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. IPCC d\u00e1le konstatuje vysokou m\u00edru shody a existenci mnoha d\u016fkaz\u016f o tom, \u017ee se sou\u010dasnou politikou zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi pro trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj budou i nad\u00e1le b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch desetilet\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9 emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f r\u016fst.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kr\u00e1tce po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010ctvrt\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy v\u00a0listopadu roku 2007 ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 Valencii obdr\u017eel panel IPCC v\u00a0norsk\u00e9m Oslu Nobelovu cenu m\u00edru, o ni\u017e se pod\u011blil s Albertem A. Gorem ml., \u201eza jejich \u00fasil\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat a \u0161\u00ed\u0159it dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky o \u010dlov\u011bkem zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b a pokl\u00e1dat z\u00e1klady pro opat\u0159en\u00ed nezbytn\u00e1 k\u00a0boji proti t\u00e9to zm\u011bn\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kone\u010dn\u011b se v\u00a0prosinci roku 2007 konalo na indon\u00e9sk\u00e9m ostrov\u011b Bali 13. zased\u00e1n\u00ed Konference \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (COP-13) R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 \u00famluvy OSN o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b (UNFCCC). COP p\u0159iv\u00edtala \u010ctvrtou hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu IPCC a za jejich skv\u011blou pr\u00e1ci vyslovila uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a vd\u011b\u010dnost v\u0161em, kdo se na vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy pod\u00edleli. COP uznala, \u017ee \u010ctvrt\u00e1 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1va p\u0159edstavuje dosud nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejhodnov\u011brn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zhodnocen\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a \u017ee na z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9my nab\u00edz\u00ed propojen\u00fd pohled z\u00a0hlediska v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho, technick\u00e9ho i spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho. Vyzvala IPCC, aby nad\u00e1le \u00fa\u010dastnick\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm \u00damluvy poskytoval v\u010dasn\u00e9 informace o nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch, technick\u00fdch a spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch aspektech klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v\u010detn\u011b jejich zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a adaptace na n\u011b. COP tak\u00e9 schv\u00e1lila revidovan\u00e9 pokyny UNFCCC pro v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edho se celosv\u011btov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u011bhem zased\u00e1n\u00ed COP-13 Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee ji\u017e nyn\u00ed nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed cel\u00e1 \u0159ada rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u0159i udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed na zna\u010dn\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee a bude z\u00a0hlediska budov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacit pot\u0159ebovat zv\u00fd\u0161enou podporu. SMO d\u00e1le zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi faktory ochrany \u017eivota a majetku jsou kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011bdi klimatu, a proto je t\u0159eba t\u011bmto zem\u00edm umo\u017enit v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jejich aktivit zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom co nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem vyu\u017e\u00edvat syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed, a p\u0159isp\u011bt tak k\u00a0jejich trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace se op\u011bt se ct\u00ed vyrovnala s\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00fakoly vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi z\u00a0pot\u0159eby podpo\u0159it trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj, sni\u017eovat ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech i majetku zp\u016fsobovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi pohromami a dal\u0161\u00edmi katastrofami souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s\u00a0pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami, klimatem a vodami, jako\u017e i zachovat \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klima pro sou\u010dasn\u00e9 i budouc\u00ed generace. Tuto \u00falohu a tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznam integrovan\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, sb\u011br, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch, hydrologick\u00fdch a dal\u0161\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch dat a produkt\u016f nakonec uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 i nov\u00e1 preambule \u00damluvy o SMO, kter\u00e1 byla schv\u00e1lena na 15. sv\u011btov\u00e9m meteorologick\u00e9m kongresu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dovolte mi proto, abych u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2008 v\u0161em \u010dlen\u016fm Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace poblahop\u0159\u00e1l.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e605a6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e605a6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f363a1e\" data-id=\"f363a1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d08ff2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d08ff2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2007<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9cb3e81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9cb3e81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dc7c04\" data-id=\"2dc7c04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aea5ec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aea5ec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>POL\u00c1RN\u00cd METEOROLOGIE: POCHOPEN\u00cd GLOB\u00c1LN\u00cdCH VLIV\u016e<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace M. Jarrauda<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO) a jej\u00edch 187 \u010dlen\u016f i celosv\u011btov\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f a p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f meteorologie slav\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b dne 23. b\u0159ezna Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den. T\u00edmto dnem si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me 23. b\u0159ezen 1950, kdy vstoupila v\u00a0platnost \u00damluva, j\u00ed\u017e byla na\u0161e organizace zalo\u017eena. N\u00e1sledn\u011b byla v roce 1951 SMO ur\u010dena jako odborn\u00e1 agencie OSN.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0roce 2005 u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti sv\u00e9ho 57. zased\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 rada SMO rozhodla, \u017ee t\u00e9matem roku 2007 bude <strong><em>Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologie: pochopen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch vliv\u016f<\/em><\/strong>. Vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila tak uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamu a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 sv\u00fdm d\u00edlem p\u0159isp\u011bla k\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu pol\u00e1rn\u00edmu roku (International Polar Year, IPY) 2007\u20132008, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 pod z\u00e1\u0161titou SMO a Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady pro v\u011bdu (International Council for Science, ICSU). S\u00a0c\u00edlem zajistit v\u011bdc\u016fm mo\u017enost v\u00a0obou pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblastech pracovat b\u011bhem letn\u00edch i zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f tato akce prob\u00edh\u00e1 vlastn\u011b od b\u0159ezna roku 2007 do b\u0159ezna roku 2009. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed koncepce roku IPY spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0intenzivn\u00edm v\u00fdkonu mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b koordinovan\u00e9ho interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na pol\u00e1rn\u00ed oblasti Zem\u011b a jejich dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e9 vlivy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech jsme sv\u011bdky o\u017eivuj\u00edc\u00edho se z\u00e1jmu o klima a ekologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky panuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblastech. Tento z\u00e1jem m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 historick\u00e9 ko\u0159eny, nebo\u0165 tyto oblasti ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b hraj\u00ed v \u010dinnosti SMO i jej\u00ed p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (MMO) z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00falohu. V roce 1879 schv\u00e1lil Druh\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd kongres koncepci Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pol\u00e1rn\u00edho roku, kter\u00fd pak prob\u011bhl v\u00a0letech 1882\u20131883. Druh\u00fd Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed rok, tak\u00e9 iniciovan\u00fd MMO, prob\u011bhl v\u00a0letech 1932\u20131933. \u00dasp\u011bch prvn\u00edho i druh\u00e9ho roku IPY vedl k\u00a0vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed koncepce \u0161\u00ed\u0159eji pojat\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho roku zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho i ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky, nikoliv prost\u011b dal\u0161\u00edho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pol\u00e1rn\u00edho roku. \u0160lo o Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed rok (International Geophysical Year, IGY) v trv\u00e1n\u00ed od 1. \u010dervence 1957 do 31. prosince 1958 a s\u00a0dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky v\u00a0oblasti v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, nebo\u0165 se jej z\u00fa\u010dastnilo na 80 tis\u00edc v\u011bdc\u016f z 67 zem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (NMHS) a dal\u0161\u00edch instituc\u00ed sv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed m\u00e1 SMO v\u00a0\u00famyslu k\u00a0nov\u00e9mu roku IPY podstatn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u011bt, a to v\u00a0oblasti v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologii, oce\u00e1nografii, glaciologii a hydrologii. Dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem SMO k\u00a0roku IPY bude jej\u00ed \u010dinnost realizovan\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Kosmick\u00e9ho programu SMO. Z\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a opera\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f roku IPY budou nakonec s\u00a0v\u00fdhodou t\u011b\u017eit i n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed Programy SMO, nebo\u0165 jejich v\u00fdstupem budou i komplexn\u00ed datov\u00e9 soubory a autoritativn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho rozvoje monitorovac\u00edch a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Krom\u011b toho rok IPY poskytne cenn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k\u00a0vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a jej\u00edch dopad\u016f, zejm\u00e9na bude-li mo\u017eno pozorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 pop\u0159. zkvalitn\u011bn\u00e9 b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed IPY udr\u017eovat v\u00a0chodu po dobu mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch let.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00a0hlediska meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed in situ pat\u0159\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed oblasti mezi nej\u0159id\u010deji pokryt\u00e9 oblasti na Zemi. Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologie proto ve velk\u00e9m rozsahu \u010derp\u00e1 z\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00edch dru\u017eic. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje poskytovan\u00e9 meteorologick\u00fdmi dru\u017eicemi z\u00a0t\u011bchto oblast\u00ed sest\u00e1valy v\u011bt\u0161inou ze zobrazen\u00ed ve viditeln\u00e9m a infra\u010derven\u00e9m spektru. V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech je v\u0161ak k\u00a0dispozici mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed sortiment produkt\u016f, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed aktivn\u00edch i pasivn\u00edch mikrovlnn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na ur\u010dit teplotn\u00ed a vlhkostn\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhy, dokonce i za obla\u010dn\u00fdch atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a tak\u00e9 stanovit parametry v\u011btru, rozsahu a koncentrace mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje. Krom\u011b toho je tento relativn\u00ed nedostatek pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed in situ do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry kompenzov\u00e1n uplatn\u011bn\u00edm automatizovan\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch stanic (AWS) a jak pevn\u00fdch, tak na ledu plovouc\u00edch b\u00f3j\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed oblasti se sice nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve\u00a0velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od hust\u011bji zalidn\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00f3n, p\u0159esto v\u0161ak existuje velk\u00e1 pot\u0159eba spolehliv\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed i v\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech. V\u00a0okol\u00ed Arktidy je p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed t\u0159eba k\u00a0ochran\u011b domorod\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00ed a na podporu n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy a\u00a0operac\u00ed a tak\u00e9 k\u00a0pr\u016fzkumu a t\u011b\u017eb\u011b ropy a zemn\u00edho plynu. V\u00a0Antarktid\u011b jsou spolehliv\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi nezbytn\u00e9 ke slo\u017eit\u00fdm vzdu\u0161n\u00fdm a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm logistick\u00fdm operac\u00edm a na podporu v\u011bdecko-v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch program\u016f a st\u00e1le intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho cestovn\u00edho ruchu. P\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed v\u00a0obou t\u011bchto \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta p\u0159edstavuje v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0nepol\u00e1rn\u00edmi oblastmi n\u011bkter\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. V\u00fdrazn\u00fd pokrok dosa\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech na \u00faseku pozorovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a numerick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed v\u0161ak vedl v\u00a0 p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed ke zna\u010dn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdch pro pol\u00e1rn\u00ed oblasti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch byly v\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblast\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bny v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny, jako jsou nap\u0159. \u00fabytek v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu, odt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ledovc\u016f a\u00a0permafrostu a \u00fabytek ledu v\u00a0\u0159ek\u00e1ch a jezerech. Tyto zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 jsou dokonce mnohem patrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0Arktid\u011b ne\u017e v\u00a0Antarktid\u011b, jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Z\u00a0T\u0159et\u00ed hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b (IPCC) z\u00a0roku 2001, kde se na z\u00e1\u0161tit\u011b nad jej\u00edm vypracov\u00e1n\u00edm pod\u00edlela i SMO, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20. stolet\u00ed se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 celosv\u011btov\u00e1 povrchov\u00e1 teplota Zem\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 0,6 \u00b0C. Zpr\u00e1va d\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u00ed odhady nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee povrchov\u00e9 teploty zpr\u016fm\u011brovan\u00e9 za celou planetu se v\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1990 a\u017e 2100 zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed o 1,4 a\u017e 5,8 \u00b0C. Podle celkov\u00fdch odhad\u016f IPCC se do roku 2100 hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed zvednou o 9\u00a0a\u017e 88\u00a0cm, co\u017e by pro celou \u0159adu rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed na mal\u00fdch ostrovech a obecn\u011b pro n\u00edzko polo\u017een\u00e9 oblasti cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta p\u0159edstavovalo velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m. IPCC v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010ctvrtou hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu, kter\u00e1 bude zve\u0159ejn\u011bna b\u011bhem roku 2007.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ub\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu by mohlo zp\u016fsobit z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bny mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, a t\u00edm negativn\u011b ovlivnit mo\u0159sk\u00e9 savce a obrovsk\u00e9 populace krilu, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed potravy nespo\u010detn\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f, tule\u0148\u016f a velryb. Citliv\u00fd na dlouhodob\u00e9 oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry je tak\u00e9 permafrost, a je tedy pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0Arktid\u011b dojde ke st\u00e1le intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu rozt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zmrzl\u00e9 p\u016fdy doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9mu roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm mok\u0159in a mo\u017enost\u00ed podstatn\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed staveb a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed infrastruktury vybudovan\u00e9 na zmrzl\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Takov\u00e9to t\u00e1n\u00ed by tak\u00e9 m\u011blo sv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro uhl\u00edkov\u00fd cyklus, nebo\u0165 by do\u0161lo k\u00a0uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, metanu, v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00e9ho uvnit\u0159 permafrostu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nesm\u00edrn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd stratosf\u00e9rick\u00fd plyn je ozon, nebo\u0165 pohlcov\u00e1n\u00edm ultrafialov\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed biosf\u00e9ru. Atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd ozon byl poprv\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en nad Antarktidou pozemn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstroji v\u00a0roce IGY v letech 1957\u20131958. Od poloviny 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed byl ke konci zimn\u00edho obdob\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00ed polokouli zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n odli\u0161n\u00fd vzorec v\u00fdskytu ozonu, nebo\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem byly postupn\u011b nam\u011b\u0159eny jeho st\u00e1le ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnoty, a to a\u017e do n\u00e1stupu jarn\u00edho oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed stratosf\u00e9ry. Objev ozonov\u00e9 d\u00edry nad Antarktidou proto p\u0159edstavoval v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v\u00fdstup aktivit roku IGY. Nakonec bylo stanoveno, \u017ee tato \u201ed\u00edra\u201c se z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vytvo\u0159ila v\u00a0d\u016fsledku emis\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161iroce vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Pot\u00e9, co byla v\u00a0reakci na toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ijata p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, se v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed zd\u00e1, \u017ee se ozon stabilizuje. Odhaduje se, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed Montrealsk\u00e9ho protokolu z\u00a0roku 1987 o l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fabytek ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy by se ozonov\u00e1 vrstva ve st\u0159edn\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch do poloviny tohoto stolet\u00ed obnovila a\u017e na sv\u00e9 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty a \u017ee tato regenerace by nad Antarktidou vy\u017eadovala dal\u0161\u00edch 15\u00a0let.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jakkoli v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 je studium pol\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologie samo o sob\u011b, je nutn\u00e9 st\u00e1le co nejv\u00edce zd\u016fraz\u0148ovat z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv pol\u00e1rn\u00edch region\u016f na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m jako celek. Zm\u011bny ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch mohou m\u00edt a maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na v\u0161echny ekosyst\u00e9my a\u00a0na v\u0161echny lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti bez ohledu na to, v\u00a0jak\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed. Dopady pol\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologie je proto t\u0159eba zva\u017eovat v\u00a0co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edch souvislostech.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Skute\u010dn\u011b lze vyjmenovat \u010detn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho dosahu pol\u00e1rn\u00edch jev\u016f. Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed led nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edstavuje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd tepeln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklop, jen\u017e sehr\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 cirkulace. Krom\u011b toho hraj\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed regiony prvotn\u00ed \u00falohu p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, jeho\u017e hnac\u00ed silou je energie p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e1 ze Slunce, v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch. B\u011bhem roku p\u0159ijme rovn\u00edkov\u00e1 oblast jako celek asi p\u011btkr\u00e1t v\u00edce tepeln\u00e9 energie ne\u017e p\u00f3ly a na tento velk\u00fd teplotn\u00ed gradient reaguje atmosf\u00e9ra spolu s\u00a0oce\u00e1ny p\u0159enosem tepla sm\u011brem k\u00a0p\u00f3l\u016fm. Oba pol\u00e1rn\u00ed regiony proto navazuj\u00ed na zbytek klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Zem\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dost slo\u017eit\u00fdch cest vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch ze sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho toku a oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 cirkulace.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ji\u017en\u00ed oscilace El Ni\u00f1o (El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation, ENSO) p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed hmot nad celou tropickou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0periodick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami povrchov\u00fdch teplot vod ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. S\u00e1m o sob\u011b ENSO vlastn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje mohutn\u00fd klimatick\u00fd cyklus. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee ovliv\u0148uje oblasti do obrovsk\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed od pacifick\u00e9 p\u00e1nve. Ze statistick\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f nap\u0159\u00edklad vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech Afriky m\u016f\u017ee ENSO p\u0159isp\u00edvat k\u00a0meziro\u010dn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m intenzity sr\u00e1\u017eek a dokonce k\u00a0suchu. Tento jev byl p\u0159ips\u00e1n v\u00fdskytu El Ni\u00f1o v\u00a0letech 1991 a 1992, kdy epizoda pusto\u0161iv\u00e9ho sucha ohrozila hladomorem na 18 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. \u201eTelespojen\u00ed\u201c (Teleconnections) jsou definov\u00e1na jako atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 interakce mezi \u0161iroce odd\u011blen\u00fdmi regiony a t\u011bmito vztahy mezi pol\u00e1rn\u00edm po\u010das\u00edm a ostatn\u00edmi pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmi a klimatick\u00fdmi jevy se nyn\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed rok 2007\u20132008 se proto bude zab\u00fdvat \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch, biologick\u00fdch a spole\u010densk\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek souvisej\u00edc\u00edch \u2013 \u00fazce i nep\u0159\u00edmo \u2013 s\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi regiony. Nal\u00e9havost a slo\u017eitost zm\u011bn pozorovan\u00fdch v\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00edch regionech bude vy\u017eadovat \u0161iroce pojat\u00fd a jednotn\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Pos\u00edlen\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a otev\u0159en\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto p\u0159elomov\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed nepochybn\u011b usnadn\u00ed neomezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016fm a podn\u00edt\u00ed celoplo\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 iniciativy. D\u00edky mohutn\u00e9mu a vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed bude rok IPY tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovat v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok kup\u0159edu na cest\u011b ke zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatk\u016f \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. V\u00fdznamnou problematikou bude p\u0159itom skute\u010dnost, \u017ee vlivy p\u016fvodn\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z pol\u00e1rn\u00edch region\u016f jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 tak\u00e9 z\u00a0hlediska glob\u00e1ln\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jako celku, tak\u017ee bude tak\u00e9 potvrzeno, \u017ee cel\u00e1 \u0159ada zm\u011bn zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj v\u0161ech lidsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, a to bez ohledu na to, v\u00a0jak\u00e9 zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce \u017eij\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Meteorologie je ji\u017e dlouho uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 jako vzor v\u011bdy bez hranic. Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologie p\u0159edstavuje snad \u00fapln\u011b mezn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad tohoto principu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto douf\u00e1m, \u017ee v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 komunita slav\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 2007, si v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b SMO uv\u011bdom\u00ed v\u00fdznam pol\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologie a jej\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady na jejich \u017eivot, bezpe\u010dnost a blahobyt. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m tak\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdstupy z\u00a0t\u011bchto aktivit p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e9 povahy klimatu a klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny i k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tak pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed \u0159e\u0161\u00edc\u00edch n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7794c71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7794c71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28c2c5f\" data-id=\"28c2c5f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22a9a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c22a9a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2006<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dabe7dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dabe7dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f3eeb1\" data-id=\"1f3eeb1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa9ec0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa9ec0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>Prevence a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace M. Jarrauda<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO) a jej\u00edch 187 \u010dlen\u016f i celosv\u011btov\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f a p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f meteorologie slav\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b dne 23. b\u0159ezna Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den. T\u00edmto dnem si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me 23. b\u0159ezen 1950, kdy vstoupila v\u00a0platnost \u00damluva, j\u00ed\u017e byla na\u0161e organizace zalo\u017eena. Na rok 2006 bylo jako t\u00e9ma oslav zvoleno Predikce a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof. O t\u00e9to volb\u011b bylo rozhodnuto vzhledem ke skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee 90 procent v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed souvis\u00ed s\u00a0po\u010das\u00edm, vodstvem nebo klimatem, a tak\u00e9 vzhledem k\u00a0\u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00faloze SMO a n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch a jejich p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku k\u00a0p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed, zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ipravenosti na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy i na katastrofy vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0ekologick\u00fdch hav\u00e1ri\u00ed. P\u0159i pohledu na seznam extr\u00e9mn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed z\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee jejich vliv na trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj neust\u00e1le s\u00edl\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rok 2005 byl poznamen\u00e1n dlouh\u00fdmi obdob\u00edmi sucha v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed oblasti Africk\u00e9ho rohu, Evropy, Asie, Austr\u00e1lie a Braz\u00edlie. Malawi za\u017eilo nejhor\u0161\u00ed sucho za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed. Intenzivn\u00ed de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech byly zcela v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm jevem, zp\u016fsobily v\u00a0nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy. Nad Atlantikem byl pozorov\u00e1n rekordn\u00ed po\u010det ni\u010div\u00fdch hurik\u00e1n\u016f. V\u00a0roce 2005 byla ozonov\u00e1 d\u00edra na Antarktidou historicky t\u0159et\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, hned po letech 2000 a 2003. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd \u00fabytek oz\u00f3nu byl tak\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n v\u00a0arktick\u00e9 oblasti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ji\u017e rok 2004 byl ozna\u010den jako rok velmi posti\u017een\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak 26.\u00a0prosince 2004 dos\u00e1hly ni\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky vln tsunami v\u00a0Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu neb\u00fdval\u00e9ho stupn\u011b, a to z hlediska ztr\u00e1t na lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivotech, po\u010dtu posti\u017een\u00fdch zem\u00ed i rozm\u011br\u016f n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 reakce a \u00fasil\u00ed o\u00a0obnovu zni\u010den\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u011bhem desetilet\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed 1992-2001 zahubily p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159es 622\u00a0tis\u00edc lid\u00ed a postihly p\u0159es dv\u011b miliardy obyvatel planety. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edmi hydrometeorologick\u00fdmi jevy se odhaduj\u00ed na 446 miliard americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 65 procent celkov\u00fdch \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami ve sledovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 dopady p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof vykazuj\u00ed b\u011bhem uplynul\u00fdch desetilet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b rostouc\u00ed trend. Nav\u00edc jsou t\u011bmito nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi v\u00edce posti\u017eeny rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b, hlavn\u011b tzv. nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b, co\u017e d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje jejich zranitelnost a br\u00e1n\u00ed jejich hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu a\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00e9mu rozvoji, jen\u017e se v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech opo\u017e\u010fuje o cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro SMO p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritu. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0realizac\u00ed Deklarace tis\u00edcilet\u00ed (Millennium Declaration) se SMO nap\u0159\u00edklad aktivn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm \u201ekultury prevence\u201c. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u00a0lednu 2005 se v\u00a0japonsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Kobe, Hyogo, konala Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 konference o omezov\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof. Nab\u00eddla jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k\u00a0propagaci strategick\u00e9ho a systematick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a zranitelnosti v\u016f\u010di nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. Konference p\u0159ijala R\u00e1mcov\u00fd ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n na l\u00e9ta 2005-2015: Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti n\u00e1rod\u016f a komunit v\u016f\u010di katastrof\u00e1m, kter\u00fd se t\u00e9\u017e naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eR\u00e1mcov\u00fd ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n z\u00a0Hyoga\u201c (Hyogo Framework for Action). D\u00e1le vl\u00e1d\u00e1m, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm a region\u00e1ln\u00edm agentur\u00e1m, nevl\u00e1dn\u00edm organizac\u00edm, soukrom\u00e9mu sektoru a dal\u0161\u00edm hr\u00e1\u010d\u016fm poskytla r\u00e1mec ke vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed kultury prevence.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do realizace R\u00e1mcov\u00e9ho ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu se SMO aktivn\u011b zapojuje. S\u00a0intenzivn\u00edm odhodl\u00e1n\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159it se na p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f katastrof byl na 14. sv\u011btov\u00e9m meteorologick\u00e9m kongresu (\u017deneva 2003) zaveden nov\u00fd pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u00fd program nazvan\u00fd Program p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof (Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme), kter\u00fd je zalo\u017een na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed celoplo\u0161n\u00e9ho koordina\u010dn\u00edho r\u00e1mce uvnit\u0159 SMO a\u00a0siln\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch partnerstv\u00edch a kter\u00fd z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u00e1le synergicky rozv\u00edj\u00ed v\u0161echny programy SMO tak, aby posiloval pov\u011bdom\u00ed o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch aktivn\u00edch preventivn\u00edch strategi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm sice nelze, av\u0161ak vhodn\u00fdm propojen\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016f vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0preventivn\u00edmi a zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi je mo\u017eno zabr\u00e1nit jejich rozvinut\u00ed do podoby katastrof. To ve v\u00fdsledku znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 povedou ke zna\u010dn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t na \u017eivotech a socioekonomick\u00fdch \u0161kod\u00e1ch. SMO a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed i n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vzniku katastrof a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed. SMO je nad\u00e1le odhodl\u00e1na spolupracovat se st\u00e1tn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny a dal\u0161\u00edmi partnery p\u0159i\u00a0\u00fasil\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit b\u011bhem nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch 15 let po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami meteorologick\u00e9ho, hydrologick\u00e9ho a klimatick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu na polovinu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u0161eobecn\u011b se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u00ed podm\u00ednkou pro p\u0159ipravenost na katastrofy je funguj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed schopn\u00fd spolehliv\u011b a v\u010das dod\u00e1vat ohro\u017een\u00e9mu obyvatelstvu p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace. Za t\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem SMO zabezpe\u010duje koordinaci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch aktivit n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb tak, aby se ke ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich bez ohledu na politick\u00e9 hranice dostaly \u00fadaje nezbytn\u00e9 k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed operativn\u00edho v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s\u00a0po\u010das\u00edm, vodou a klimatem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">St\u0159ediska SMO v\u010detn\u011b jej\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch center a \u010dty\u0159iceti Region\u00e1ln\u00edch specializovan\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch center (RSMC) poskytuj\u00ed v\u0161em st\u00e1t\u016fm nezbytnou celosv\u011btovou operativn\u00ed infrastrukturu pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, detekci, modelov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0v\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi v\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9m rozsahu, po\u010d\u00ednaje kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdmi a\u00a0prudk\u00fdmi epizodami omezen\u00e9ho zem\u011bpisn\u00e9ho rozsahu, jako jsou nap\u0159. torn\u00e1da a p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy, a\u017e po plo\u0161n\u00e9 jevy jako nap\u0159. sucha, kter\u00e9 mohou postihnout velkou \u010d\u00e1st kontinentu a\u00a0cel\u00e9 populace po dobu \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e let.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 SMO ji\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u011b prok\u00e1zala svou v\u00fdraznou efektivnost p\u0159i vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed tropick\u00fdmi cykl\u00f3nami (hurik\u00e1ny a tajfuny). \u0160est center RSMC, kter\u00e1 se specializuj\u00ed na tropick\u00e9 cykl\u00f3ny, vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bdi a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 rady. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed tropick\u00fdmi cykl\u00f3nami na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e1 se zas\u00edlaj\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm \u010dinitel\u016fm, sd\u011blovac\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm a ve\u0159ejnosti. V\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 zemi je jedin\u00fdm zdrojem t\u011bchto \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch varov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 a hydrologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Krom\u011b oblasti p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed SMO tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 a partnersk\u00e9 organizace podporuje v\u00a0oblasti \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed velk\u00fdch p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch hav\u00e1ri\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch nap\u0159. jadern\u00fdmi a\u00a0chemick\u00fdmi hav\u00e1riemi, sope\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdbuchy a po\u017e\u00e1ry ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi organizacemi je SMO odhodl\u00e1na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, jejich\u017e vnik nem\u00e1 hydrometeorologick\u00fd p\u016fvod. Pro mnoh\u00e1 tato nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ji\u017e syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed existuj\u00ed, av\u0161ak je t\u0159eba je d\u00e1le zdokonalovat a zp\u0159\u00edstupnit je v\u0161em zem\u00edm, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 disponuj\u00ed nejmen\u0161\u00edm objemem zdroj\u016f. Z\u00e1sadn\u00edm \u00fakolem je tedy zajistit, aby v\u0161echny zem\u011b k\u00a0pln\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmu rozvoji syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed disponovaly nezbytn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my, infrastrukturou, person\u00e1ln\u00edmi kapacitami, organiza\u010dn\u00edmi strukturami a\u00a0technick\u00fdm z\u00e1zem\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby tak\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0jejich vlasti umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed aktivn\u00edch strategi\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof. Tyto n\u00e1rodn\u00ed slu\u017eby uplat\u0148uj\u00ed k\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed sm\u011brem k p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm a \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby a hlavn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 techniky. K zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u00edho vybaven\u00ed v\u0161ech zem\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi varovn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my zabezpe\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u010dasn\u00e9 a\u00a0efektivn\u00ed toky varovn\u00fdch upozorn\u011bn\u00ed obyvatelstvu v\u0161ak zb\u00fdv\u00e1 vy\u0159e\u0161it je\u0161t\u011b celou \u0159adu n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f. Jednotliv\u00e9 st\u00e1ty si tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed vybudovat kapacity reaguj\u00edc\u00ed na informace z\u00a0varovn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f efektivn\u00edm havarijn\u00edm pl\u00e1nem spojen\u00fdm s\u00a0re\u00e1lnou akc\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami preventivn\u00edch strategi\u00ed jsou vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed a osv\u011btov\u00e9 programy pro nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost, je\u017e jsou nezbytn\u00e9 k\u00a0pochopen\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a jejich p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro vyhodnocen\u00ed zranitelnosti obyvatelstva z\u00a0hlediska pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch, klimatick\u00fdch a\u00a0hydrologick\u00fdch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 \u0159ady historick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Klimatologick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f je t\u0159eba k\u00a0vy\u010d\u00edslen\u00ed intenzity a \u010detnosti jev\u016f, charakterizaci p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi jevy a k predikci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch \u0161kod. Systematick\u00e9 studium meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a jejich dopad\u016f p\u0159edstavuje pro \u010dinitele odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed katastrof u\u017eite\u010dnou z\u00e1kladnu v\u011bdomost\u00ed a poznatk\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO pomoc\u00ed program\u016f transfer\u016f technologie, budov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacit a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dat usiluje o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu v\u0161ech n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch, k\u00a0podstatn\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm o nebezpe\u010d\u00edch. Monitoring prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd t\u011bmito slu\u017ebami v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u010dasnou informovanost o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch panuj\u00edc\u00edch bezprost\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159ed katastrofou a po n\u00ed, co\u017e z\u00e1chrann\u00fdm t\u00fdm\u016fm rychl\u00e9 reakce a t\u00fdm\u016fm p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159i obnov\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje soust\u0159edit se na nejh\u016f\u0159e posti\u017een\u00e9 oblasti. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm pozemn\u00edho a d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed hraje tak\u00e9 SMO kl\u00ed\u010dovou \u00falohu v\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed iniciativ\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na v\u00fdvoj nad\u0159azen\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9my glob\u00e1ln\u00edho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Zem\u011b (Global Earth Observation System of Systems, GEOSS).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podle Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho v\u00fdboru pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu (IPCC), kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed pod z\u00e1\u0161titou SMO a Programu OSN pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (UNEP), m\u016f\u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna v\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech a v\u00a0jin\u00fdch oblastech zase k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sucha pop\u0159. nebezpe\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1plav. Probl\u00e9my s\u00a0nedostatkem a jakost\u00ed vody se podle v\u00fdhled\u016f budou v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch na vodu chud\u00fdch sv\u011btov\u00fdch regionech d\u00e1le prohlubovat. Je t\u0159eba l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt klimatick\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu a d\u00e1le budovat kapacity pro p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 variability klimatu a klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed. Dlouhodob\u011b je jednou ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch siln\u00fdch str\u00e1nek SMO intenzivn\u00ed podpora, kterou v\u011bnuje v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm program\u016fm ve v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch oblastech, a bude tomu tak i nad\u00e1le.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd syst\u00e9m Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace d\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e9mu spole\u010denstv\u00ed nedoceniteln\u00e9 operativn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed hrozby, kterou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed z\u00a0hlediska trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje. Ze st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch struktur pro varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed hydrometeorologick\u00fdmi katastrofami m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b t\u011b\u017eit jak\u00fdkoli operativn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ur\u010den\u00fd k\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bkolika nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f budov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159i oslav\u00e1ch Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne bych r\u00e1d vyj\u00e1d\u0159il nad\u011bji, \u017ee ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch se p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb ke v\u0161em aspekt\u016fm p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f katastrof t\u011b\u0161\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00e9mu uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017ee je efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n. Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1m st\u00e1tn\u00ed org\u00e1ny, v\u011bdeck\u00e9 komunity, mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed a nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace, soukrom\u00fd sektor, sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky a ve\u0159ejnost, aby si byly v\u011bdomy \u00falohy n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a zajistily kapacity, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed ke zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f katastrof a k napln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch slo\u017eek Rozvojov\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f mil\u00e9nia (Millennium Development Goals).<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9a0d30c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9a0d30c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ba11e2\" data-id=\"0ba11e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15757ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15757ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2005<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4e03fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4e03fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7bc6aea\" data-id=\"7bc6aea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f6ab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f6ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>PO\u010cAS\u00cd, PODNEB\u00cd, VODA A UDR\u017dITELN\u00dd ROZVOJ<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace M. Jarrauda<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Oslavami Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me vstup v\u00a0platnost \u00damluvy, j\u00ed\u017e byla dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1950 z\u0159\u00edzena Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO). Na oslavy tohoto dne v\u00a0roce 2005 bylo zvoleno t\u00e9ma \u201ePo\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed, voda a udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj\u201c jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00falohy a vynikaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku meteorologie, hydrologie a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch obor\u016f k\u00a0pokroku lidstva, udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu rozvoji, ochran\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed chudoby.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zalo\u017een\u00ed SMO zv\u011bstovalo n\u00e1stup nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry a v\u00a0t\u011bchto oborech, jako\u017e i v souvisej\u00edc\u00edch technick\u00fdch oborech a v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci umo\u017enilo rychl\u00fd pokrok. Tento v\u00fdvoj se velmi rychle prom\u00edtl do z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch na ochranu \u017eivota a majetku a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof a do aplikac\u00ed v\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9m spektru spole\u010densk\u00fdch a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch aktivit zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na podporu udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje, kter\u00fd byl definov\u00e1n jako \u201euspokojov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eb sou\u010dasn\u00e9 generace bez ohro\u017een\u00ed mo\u017enosti budouc\u00edch generac\u00ed napl\u0148ovat jejich vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159eby.\u201c<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00ed zm\u011bny mnohem rychleji ne\u017e kdy d\u0159\u00edve. D\u00edky skv\u011bl\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm dosa\u017een\u00fdm zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch v\u00a0meteorologii a hydrologii se od t\u011bchto obor\u016f nyn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 mnohem v\u00edce. Tato o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00a0pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee sv\u011btov\u00e1 ekonomika je st\u00e1le citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na po\u010das\u00ed a klima. Pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed a klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a voda ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed prakticky ka\u017edou lidskou \u010dinnost, st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det aktivit se realizuje s\u00a0mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm ziskem tak, aby bylo mo\u017eno do nich zakomponovat rizika.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tato situace vy\u017eaduje nov\u00e9 a propracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb skoro ve v\u0161ech odv\u011btv\u00edch a oborech n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, jako nap\u0159. ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, doprav\u011b, \u00fazemn\u00edm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami, hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodou, energiemi a dal\u0161\u00edmi zdroji, v cestovn\u00edm ruchu i p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Od SMO a n\u00e1rodn\u00edch hydrometeorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (NMHS) budou vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny lep\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 pomohou p\u0159edj\u00edmat, odvracet a minimalizovat \u00fa\u010dinky a n\u00e1sledky extr\u00e9mn\u00edch jev\u016f, roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u0161t\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch hrozeb bezpe\u010dnosti lidstva a celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, ub\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy a rostouc\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0roce 2000 zp\u0159esnila a p\u0159eorientovala OSN sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na podporu spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje bez po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u2013 vyzvala v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty OSN, aby dos\u00e1hly Rozvojov\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f tis\u00edcilet\u00ed (Millennium Development Goals, MDG). Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch t\u011bchto c\u00edlech, jich\u017e m\u00e1 b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeno do roku 2015, m\u00e1 SMO zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1jem:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na polovinu zredukovat pod\u00edl lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch za m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e jeden dolar denn\u011b nebo trp\u00edc\u00edch hladem;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na polovinu zredukovat pod\u00edl lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9 pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b nebo si ji nemohou dovolit;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u0158e\u0161it zranitelnost, posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof v\u010detn\u011b ot\u00e1zek prevence, zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159ipravenosti, reakce a obnovy jako z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prvek bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bta;<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u0158e\u0161it ot\u00e1zky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0klimatickou zm\u011bnou, v\u010detn\u011b monitoringu, zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdhled\u016f a realizace p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch strategi\u00ed na st\u00e1tn\u00ed, region\u00e1ln\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zajistit ekologickou udr\u017eitelnost;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vytv\u00e1\u0159et celosv\u011btov\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na rozvoj.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto c\u00edle byly d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny Realiza\u010dn\u00edm pl\u00e1nem z Johannesburgu v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho summitu pro udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj v\u00a0roce 2002 (World Summit for Sustainable Development, WSSD). V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nem\u00e1 nal\u00e9havost t\u011bchto \u00fakol\u016f obdoby. SMO jako autoritativn\u00ed hlas syst\u00e9mu OSN v\u00a0ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vody nese odpov\u011bdnost za koordinaci a realizaci souvisej\u00edc\u00edch program\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0celosv\u011btov\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9mu na napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f MDG a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f v\u00a0oblasti trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b Agenda 21 a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00famluvy, nap\u0159. o ochran\u011b ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b, dezertifikaci a biodiverzit\u011b, jako\u017e i \u00famluvy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0ak\u010dn\u00edmi pl\u00e1ny realizace c\u00edl\u016f MDG, s udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm rozvojem rozvojov\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na mal\u00fdch ostrovech, z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00edm potravinami, v\u00fdrobou a spot\u0159ebou energi\u00ed, biotopy a m\u011bstsk\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, zdrav\u00edm a s ochranou atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO k\u00a0t\u011bmto iniciativ\u00e1m p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby. Prim\u00e1rn\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159uje na zkvalit\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed stavu zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry a hydrosf\u00e9ry a na jejich interakci vz\u00e1jemnou i s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi syst\u00e9my Zem\u011b a tak\u00e9 na v\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pokrok dosa\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0oblasti d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu, nap\u0159. pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed radar\u016f, dru\u017eic a dal\u0161\u00edch monitorovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, i v\u00a0oblasti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat a v telekomunikac\u00edch vede k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed dynamick\u00fdch a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch proces\u016f prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a oce\u00e1nech a jejich interakc\u00ed s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi slo\u017ekami syst\u00e9m\u016f Zem\u011b. D\u00edky tomu bylo dosa\u017eeno dosud nev\u00eddan\u00e9ho zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed a zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a varov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dnes je ji\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1vat deterministick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed na sedm a\u017e deset dn\u00ed v\u00a0netropick\u00fdch regionech a na t\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i dny v\u00a0tropech. Dal\u0161\u00edm vynikaj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fasp\u011bchem je sezonn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f jev\u016f jako El Ni\u00f1o a La Ni\u00f1a.\u00a0 D\u00edky hlub\u0161\u00edm znalostem a s\u00edti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b k\u00a0dispozici, je mo\u017en\u00e9 produkovat u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi t\u011bchto jev\u016f v\u00a0p\u0159edstihu od n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e po jeden rok.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO je v\u00fdznamnou hnac\u00ed silou \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f dosa\u017een\u00fdch z hlediska pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si fyzick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Svou s\u00edlu odvozuje SMO ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee po\u010das\u00ed a klima neuzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed politick\u00e9 ani ekonomick\u00e9 hranice, a tak\u00e9 z\u00a0neochv\u011bjn\u00e9ho odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed a anga\u017eovanosti sv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f. Jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b \u010dlenov\u00e9 SMO, kdo formuluje programy SMO, kdo je provozuje a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed tak, aby dos\u00e1hli sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje. D\u00edky tomuto jedine\u010dn\u00e9mu uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed si SMO vyslou\u017eila pov\u011bst vzoru mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a v\u016fdce v\u00a0oblasti prevence a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof a v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho p\u0159isp\u011bvatele k\u00a0udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu rozvoji.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tento v\u00fdvoj v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k\u00a0prosperit\u011b lidstva. Vyvstaly v\u0161ak dal\u0161\u00ed, nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, jako je nap\u0159. zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 koncentrace sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna, \u00fabytek stratosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, do\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f sladk\u00e9 vody a st\u00e1le siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a vod.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou hrozbou udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji je st\u00e1le siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dopad extr\u00e9mn\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad tropick\u00e9 cyklony, povodn\u011b, sucho i vlny veder v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Odhaduje se, \u017ee za deset let v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1992\u20132001 m\u011blo na 90 procent v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof hydrometeorologick\u00fd p\u016fvod. O \u017eivot p\u0159i\u0161lo 622 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, negativn\u00ed dopady poc\u00edtily na dv\u011b miliardy lid\u00ed, zmizela orn\u00e1 p\u016fda, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily se choroby. Za stejn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed se celkov\u00fd objem hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t odhaduje ve v\u00fd\u0161i 450 miliard americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje asi 65 procent \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch v\u0161emi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami dohromady. Negativn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof nem\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat u\u0161et\u0159en ani jeden st\u00e1t; nejslab\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak trp\u00ed nejv\u00edce. Jedna jedin\u00e1 bou\u0159e je m\u016f\u017ee postihnout natolik, \u017ee l\u00e9ta bojuj\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1sledky. Omezen\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 by jinak mohly b\u00fdt investov\u00e1ny do rozvoje, jsou tak \u010dasto uplatn\u011bny na pomoc po katastrof\u011b. Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 predikce, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsob\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt n\u011bkolika druh\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f SMO a NMHS je proto vyvinout snahu sm\u011brem k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed m\u00edry \u00famrtnosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi pohromami meteorologick\u00e9ho, hydrologick\u00e9ho a klimatick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. SMO je odhodlan\u00e1 pom\u00e1hat n\u00e1rodn\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f i v dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech, kter\u00e9 podl\u00e9haj\u00ed vlivu po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0oblasti lidsk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, tedy z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159edpokladu udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje, reaguje SMO jak na p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 a nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom, tak na atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. SMO bude nad\u00e1le umo\u017e\u0148ovat v\u00fdzkum vztah\u016f mezi po\u010das\u00edm, podneb\u00edm a lidsk\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm v\u010detn\u011b vztah\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0destrukc\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, podm\u00ednkami p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi pro vznik a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch chorob, potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm dopadem klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na zdrav\u00ed a se stresem z\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edho horka nebo chladu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje je naprosto nezbytn\u00e9 vyhodnocovat vlivy zm\u011bn po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed na produkci potravin. K\u00a0z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 aplikace agrometeorologick\u00fdch metod p\u0159i zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy, volb\u011b plodin a ochran\u011b proti kobylk\u00e1m a v mana\u017eersk\u00e9 praxi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prioritou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pos\u00edlen\u00ed aktivit na \u00faseku ochrany vod p\u0159i podpo\u0159e udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje. Nezbytn\u00e1 je podpora n\u00e1rodn\u00edm hydrologick\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zek dostupnosti a jakosti vody a p\u0159i zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0povod\u00edch sd\u00edlen\u00fdch n\u011bkolika st\u00e1ty. Budou pos\u00edlena partnerstv\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci organizac\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu OSN a s\u00a0nevl\u00e1dn\u00edmi organizacemi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010das\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nikdo \u0159\u00eddit nem\u016f\u017ee. P\u0159esto lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159esn\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi a dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi mohou radik\u00e1ln\u011b zlep\u0161it \u0161ance lid\u00ed na pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot v\u00a0relativn\u00edm bezpe\u010d\u00ed a na \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochranu cenn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. K\u00a0napln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto c\u00edl\u016f u zraniteln\u00fdch zem\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 budovat jejich vlastn\u00ed kapacity a podporovat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed. SMO a NMHS maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed na to, aby p\u0159isp\u011bly k\u00a0\u00fasil\u00ed vyv\u00edjen\u00e9mu na st\u00e1tn\u00ed i celosv\u011btov\u00e9 \u00farovni. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0t\u00edmto sv\u00fdm mand\u00e1tem bude SMO nad\u00e1le posilovat sv\u00e9 v\u011bdeckotechnick\u00e9 programy, strategick\u00e9 aliance a partnerstv\u00ed a obnov\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na budov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacit a mobilizaci zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f a mo\u017enost\u00ed k\u00a0tvorb\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed s\u00a0d\u016frazem na pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky je tak\u00e9 prioritou. M\u011blo by umo\u017enit tvorbu p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, v\u010dasn\u00fdch a spolehliv\u00fdch varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed intenzivn\u00edmi jevy tak, aby bylo mo\u017eno zajistit p\u0159ipravenost a celkovou informovanost o jejich v\u00fdskytu a zm\u00edrnit zranitelnost. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz bude kladen na p\u0159eveden\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu do podoby provozn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed k\u00a0ochran\u011b \u017eivot\u016f a majetku, zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof, pos\u00edlen\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje a k\u00a0ochran\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu je dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, s\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed tvorby v\u00fdhled\u016f budouc\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn a jejich p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch dopad\u016f na variabilitu klimatu, spole\u010densk\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 aktivity a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprav na vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed se s\u00a0hrozbou klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny vy\u017eaduje podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e na region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni v\u010detn\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zek prom\u011bnn\u00e9 struktury bou\u0159\u00ed a sr\u00e1\u017eek, \u00fa\u010dink\u016f zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed a hrozeb m\u011bstsk\u00fdm oblastem. SMO bude nad\u00e1le vynakl\u00e1dat \u00fasil\u00ed na zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed monitoringu a v\u00fdvoj lep\u0161\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch model\u016f, s\u00a0c\u00edlem zredukovat m\u00edru nejistoty v\u00a0klimatologick\u00fdch projekc\u00edch, a tak napomohla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 adaptaci a umo\u017enila na st\u00e1tn\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni realizaci zdrav\u00fdch politick\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1sad.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO bude nad\u00e1le vyv\u00edjet \u00fasil\u00ed p\u0159i roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed sortimentu, zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed disponibility produkt\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edch slu\u017eeb pro u\u017eivatele. Bude \u010derpat ze sv\u00fdch jedine\u010dn\u00fdch siln\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a posilovat pov\u011bdom\u00ed o sv\u00e9 \u00faloze a postaven\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010de v\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci a jako p\u0159isp\u011bvatele k\u00a0udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji. To zase pom\u016f\u017ee jak SMO, tak n\u00e1rodn\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m, aby si znovu upevnily sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed jako autorit v meteorologii, hydrologii a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch oborech.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvat k\u00a0udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji znamen\u00e1 tak\u00e9 nutnost zkvalitnit st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed monitoring a aplikace ur\u010den\u00e9 k\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vod a vyvinout nov\u00e9. V\u00a0tomto ohledu zah\u00e1jila SMO t\u0159i nov\u00e9 pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u00e9 programy:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Program prevence a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof (Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme),<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd program (Space Programme),\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Program pro nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b (Programme for the Least Developed Countries).\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz je kladen na podporu rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed, se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na budov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacit v\u00a0nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Tohoto c\u00edle se dosahuje podporou \u00fasil\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na modernizaci slu\u017eeb NMHS, rozvoj lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a tvorbu vhodn\u00fdch produkt\u016f a tak\u00e9 povzbuzov\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00fdch partnerstv\u00ed a strategick\u00fdch alianc\u00ed, jak vz\u00e1jemn\u011b mezi slu\u017ebami NMHS, tak mezi NMHS a dal\u0161\u00edmi partnery na st\u00e1tn\u00ed, subregion\u00e1ln\u00ed, region\u00e1ln\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni. Dal\u0161\u00ed podpory se \u010dlen\u016fm tak\u00e9 dost\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0jejich snah\u00e1ch o zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch, lidsk\u00fdch, materi\u00e1ln\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159i oslav\u00e1ch leto\u0161n\u00edho Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne si p\u0159eji, aby rok 2005 znamenal za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017eit\u00ed produkt\u016f a slu\u017eeb NMHS v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm rozsahu \u010dinnost\u00ed zm\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj. T\u011b\u0161\u00edme se na dal\u0161\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce mezi SMO a rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edmi \u010diniteli a dal\u0161\u00edmi st\u00e1tn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny, v\u011bdeckou obc\u00ed, partnersk\u00fdmi organizacemi, nevl\u00e1dn\u00edmi organizacemi, soukrom\u00fdm sektorem, sd\u011blovac\u00edmi prost\u0159edky a ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed, s\u00a0c\u00edlem zlep\u0161it komunikaci a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 a rozvojov\u00e9 \u00fakoly v\u00a0oblasti po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vody, p\u0159ed nimi\u017e lidstvo stoj\u00ed v\u00a021. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-65e0206 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"65e0206\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-089d81d\" data-id=\"089d81d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ddb151 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ddb151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2004<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ed3a8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9ed3a8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3feb52\" data-id=\"a3feb52\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-815f90d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"815f90d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a voda v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00edm v\u011bku<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO M. Jarrauda<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Oslavy Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 2004 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee 23. b\u0159ezna 1950 vstoupila v\u00a0platnost \u00damluva o Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci (SMO) jako n\u00e1slednick\u00e9m subjektu po Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci (MMO) zalo\u017een\u00e9 v roce 1873. Na leto\u0161n\u00ed oslavy sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne bylo zvoleno t\u00e9ma \u201ePo\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a voda v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00edm v\u011bku\u201c, j\u00edm\u017e chceme vyj\u00e1d\u0159it uzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00falohy techniky v\u00a0neust\u00e1le se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch oborech meteorologie, hydrologie a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdm a hydrologick\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m (NMHS) pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke spole\u010densk\u00e9mu a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu rozvoji a k\u00a0ochran\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. SMO\u00a0 proto aktivn\u011b prosazuje uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to techniky p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed a predikci chov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch a oce\u00e1nografick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a cirkulace vody.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011bt se dnes m\u011bn\u00ed mnohem rychleji ne\u017e kdy d\u0159\u00edve. Pos\u00edlilo se pov\u011bdom\u00ed o citlivosti ekonomiky na po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vodu, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed prakticky v\u0161echny lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vzr\u016fstaj\u00ed obavy z\u00a0d\u016fsledk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Statistick\u00e9 \u00fadaje za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159es 80 procent v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof m\u00e1 meteorologick\u00fd nebo hydrologick\u00fd p\u016fvod. V\u00a050. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se ztr\u00e1ty zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 v\u0161emi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami v\u010detn\u011b hydrometeorologick\u00fdch katastrof, zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a sope\u010dn\u00fdch erupc\u00ed odhadovaly na 4 mld. USD ro\u010dn\u011b. V\u00a090. letech to ji\u017e bylo 40 mld. USD. V\u00edce ne\u017e 65 procent t\u011bchto ztr\u00e1t a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 procent lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed lze p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst katastrof\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s\u00a0po\u010das\u00edm, podneb\u00edm a vodou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e b\u011bhem 90. let p\u0159ibylo na 280 tis\u00edc ob\u011bt\u00ed sucha. B\u0159emeno s\u00a0t\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edch dopad\u016f bohu\u017eel spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b na rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je\u0161t\u011b nikdy v\u00a0historii nebyla na obory meteorologie, hydrologie a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy kladena takov\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzev souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem v\u00a0oblastech, jako jsou nap\u0159. zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fsledk\u016f katastrof, zabezpe\u010denost z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami, hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00edmi zdroji, doprava, cestovn\u00ed ruch a ochrana p\u0159ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. Tato o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0velkolep\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, jich\u017e tyto obory dos\u00e1hly v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch a kter\u00e9 pos\u00edlily d\u016fv\u011bru meteorolog\u016f a hydrolog\u016f v\u00a0hodnotu jejich produkt\u016f a v\u00a0hodnotu v\u00fdsledk\u016f rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dinitel\u016f, d\u016fv\u011bru ve\u0159ejnosti a dal\u0161\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f v\u00a0mo\u017enosti syst\u00e9m\u016f provozovan\u00fdch pod z\u00e1\u0161titou SMO fungovat a splnit jejich o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0t\u00e9to d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e a jistot\u011b vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed ze souvislost\u00ed, v\u00a0nich\u017e se tyto obory vyv\u00edjej\u00ed, a pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad tyto:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dostupnost bezprecedentn\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u00fdch netradi\u010dn\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na dru\u017eicov\u00fdch;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podstatn\u00fd pokrok ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed dynamick\u00fdch a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch proces\u016f prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a jej\u00ed interakce s\u00a0oce\u00e1ny a mnoh\u00fdmi dal\u0161\u00edmi prvky syst\u00e9mu Zem\u011b;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dosud nev\u00eddan\u00e9 zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed a zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed numerick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed (NWP). D\u00edky tomu jsou dnes p\u011btidenn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed tak dobr\u00e9, jako byly p\u0159ed dvaceti lety p\u0159edpov\u011bdi dvoudenn\u00ed. P\u0159edpov\u011bdi t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed polokoule se ji\u017e svou kvalitou podobaj\u00ed. Jde o jeden z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f druh\u00e9 poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed ve v\u0161ech v\u011bdeck\u00fdch oborech;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Schopnost p\u0159edpov\u00eddat v\u00fdskyt jev\u016f El Ni\u00f1o a La Ni\u00f1a a s\u00a0t\u00edm spojen\u00e9 vlivy v\u00a0nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta v\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu na jednu sezonu a\u017e jeden rok p\u0159edem;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Schopnost tvorby klimatick\u00fdch projekc\u00ed na des\u00edtky let dop\u0159edu. To p\u0159isp\u011blo ke studiu klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00edm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho panelu o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b SMO\/UNEP.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u011bchto \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f bylo mo\u017eno dos\u00e1hnout zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm objev\u016fm a technick\u00e9mu rozvoji v\u00a0oblasti pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00a0telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technice. Je t\u0159eba upozornit, \u017ee pokrok v telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch a informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00edch umo\u017enil v\u00a0roce 1963 zah\u00e1jen\u00ed programu SMO \u201eWorld Weather Watch\u201c (WWW). Dnes SMO koordinuje prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed jak tradi\u010dn\u00edch, tak nejprogresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch monitorovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010detn\u011b automatick\u00fdch stanic pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, radar\u016f a v\u010detn\u011b meteorologick\u00fdch dru\u017eic v\u0161ech typ\u016f \u2013 provozn\u00edch, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch a rozvojov\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO krom\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f pomoc\u00ed lod\u00ed a b\u00f3j\u00ed tak\u00e9 za\u0161ti\u0165uje nasazen\u00ed technicky progresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed interakce mezi ovzdu\u0161\u00edm a oce\u00e1ny a poskytuj\u00ed slu\u017eby u\u017eivatel\u016fm mo\u0159\u00ed. Nap\u0159. profilov\u00e9 plov\u00e1ky (plov\u00e1ky Argo) m\u011b\u0159\u00ed teplotn\u00ed profily oce\u00e1n\u016f a\u017e do hloubky 2 tis\u00edc metr\u016f, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed podpovrchov\u00e9 proudy a vys\u00edlaj\u00ed nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 data pomoc\u00ed dru\u017eicov\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos informa\u010dn\u00edho v\u011bku se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed cirkulace a kvality vody s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed techniky a v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho rozvoje. Je to podstatn\u00e9 v\u00a0oblastech, jako jsou vyhodno-cov\u00e1n\u00ed a hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00edmi zdroji, p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1plav a pro \u00fa\u010dely moudr\u00e9ho a spravedliv\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed sladk\u00e9 vody p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1le akutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed sladkou vodou a hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00ed. Za t\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem se \u00fadaje z pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek, pr\u016ftok\u016f a vodn\u00ed hladiny nyn\u00ed \u010dasto p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed dru\u017eicemi do centr\u00e1l n\u00e1rodn\u00edch hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb nebo vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edky t\u011bmto nov\u00fdm schopnostem by se m\u011bly n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby dostat do dobr\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed na to, aby \u0159e\u0161ily n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fakoly vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ze st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho nedostatku vody. Ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch odhad\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee ji\u017e nyn\u00ed nem\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e jedna miliarda lid\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9 pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b. Tato situace se podle p\u0159edpoklad\u016f d\u00e1le zhor\u0161\u00ed vzhledem k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed urbanizaci a r\u016fstu po\u010dtu obyvatel Zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0oblasti ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci programu SMO \u201eGlobal Atmospheric Watch\u201c (GAW) monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry v\u010detn\u011b sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, ultrafialov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, aerosolu, reaktivn\u00edch plyn\u016f a radioaktivn\u00edch izotop\u016f. Program propojuje monitoring s\u00a0v\u00fdzkumem a v\u00a0jeho r\u00e1mci je provozov\u00e1n syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed zm\u011bnami v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. V\u00a0tomto sm\u011bru koordinuje SMO celosv\u011btovou s\u00ed\u0165 Region\u00e1ln\u00edch specializovan\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch st\u0159edisek, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b reagovat na havarijn\u00ed situace vyvolan\u00e9 lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi faktory v\u010detn\u011b jadern\u00fdch a chemick\u00fdch nehod.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto modern\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, podporovan\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnou v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed a spojovou technikou, umo\u017enily v\u00fdvoj metod numerick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed (NWP), kter\u00e9 d\u00e1le umo\u017enily zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jev\u016f v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Nap\u0159\u00edklad varov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011bdi siln\u00fdch tropick\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dru\u017eicov\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f pro \u00fa\u010dely jejich detekce a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch model\u016f atmosf\u00e9ricko-oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 soustavy k\u00a0p\u0159edpov\u011bdi \u00fastupu jejich intenzifikace a trajektori\u00ed a nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159enosu t\u011bchto informac\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm v\u0161ech kategori\u00ed. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zkvalit\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed tropick\u00fdch cyklon\u016f a\u017e na t\u0159i dny dop\u0159edu, \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed a opat\u0159en\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na p\u0159ipravenost vedly k\u00a0podstatn\u00e9mu poklesu po\u010dtu ob\u011bt\u00ed t\u011bchto jev\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b siln\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed a torn\u00e1d mal\u00e9ho rozsahu je mo\u017eno varovat jen n\u011bkolik hodin \u010di dokonce minut p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e tyto bou\u0159e, zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00e9 \u0161kody, ude\u0159\u00ed. Av\u0161ak i v\u00a0tomto kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m kritick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed se zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed dnes neobejde bez Dopplerova radaru k\u00a0detekci v\u011btrn\u00fdch v\u00edr\u016f, bez kvalifikovan\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, rychl\u00e9 spojov\u00e9 techniky a efektivn\u00edho radiov\u00e9ho a televizn\u00edho kontaktu k\u00a0p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdm komunit\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvantitativn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek p\u0159ip\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eit\u00ed vody, integrovan\u00e9mu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00edmi zdroji a varov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159ed z\u00e1plavami. Celkov\u00fdm c\u00edlem SMO je zajistit, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t bez ohledu na stupe\u0148 sv\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho rozvoje m\u011bl mo\u017enost p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0disponibiln\u00edm p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edm a informac\u00edm a mo\u017enost p\u0159izp\u016fsobit si je sv\u00fdm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">St\u00e1le v\u00edce se tak\u00e9 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 a spole\u010densk\u00e1 hodnota po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a voda jsou vskutku naprosto nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu spole\u010densk\u00fdch a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. P\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek a hydrologick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdnosnosti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, ve vodohospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, v\u00a0boji proti roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u0161t\u00ed, k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed dopravy, v boji proti zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, k\u00a0pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdroby a rozvodu elektrick\u00e9 energie, na podporu aktivit ve voln\u00e9m \u010dase a v\u00a0poji\u0161\u0165ovnictv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Modern\u00ed technika je naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch v\u00fdzev tohoto stolet\u00ed. Bez informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed a s\u00a0nimi souvisej\u00edc\u00edm rozvojem v\u00a0meteorologii by existovala jen mal\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee by si sv\u011btov\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed uv\u011bdomovalo neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a jeho d\u016fsledky pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu, destrukci ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed; bylo by mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b schopn\u00e9 vypracovat, realizovat a monitorovat strategie, jimi\u017e by mohlo v\u00a0pln\u00e9m rozsahu dos\u00e1hnout ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b instrument\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159. R\u00e1mcov\u00e1 \u00famluva OSN o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b (UNFCCC), V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 \u00famluva o ochran\u011b ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy a jej\u00ed Montrealsk\u00fd protokol, \u00damluva OSN o boji proti dezertifikaci a \u00damluva o d\u00e1lkov\u00e9m p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mo\u017enosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z \u201einforma\u010dn\u00edho v\u011bku\u201c pro meteorologii, hydrologii a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed obory by m\u011bly Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci a meteorologick\u00fdm a hydrologick\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m jej\u00edch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f umo\u017enit zab\u00fdvat se \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0ochranou \u017eivota a majetku, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti a vyhodnocen\u00ed zranitelnosti a p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm k\u00a0trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji a boji proti chudob\u011b. SMO je schopna p\u0159isp\u00edvat k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f 21. stolet\u00ed podporou zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch a dostupn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed za t\u011bmito \u00fa\u010dely:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed posilov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a odborn\u00fdch program\u016f SMO zkvalit\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm a modernizac\u00ed infrastruktury v\u010detn\u011b pozorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, telekomunikac\u00ed a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zajistit v\u00edce integrovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm celoplo\u0161n\u011b v\u00a0r\u00e1mci program\u016f a s\u00edt\u00ed SMO, jako jsou WWW, GAW a hydrologick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b i v\u00a0r\u00e1mci program\u016f, kde SMO p\u016fsob\u00ed jako jeden ze sponzor\u016f, jako je nap\u0159. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m pozorov\u00e1ni klimatu, a nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi obory v\u010detn\u011b pozemn\u00edch a oce\u00e1nografick\u00fdch obor\u016f, s\u00a0d\u016frazem na dru\u017eicov\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Polo\u017eit nov\u00fd d\u016fraz na oblasti, jako je nap\u0159. numerick\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed, kde se v\u00a0mnoha sm\u011brech daj\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016flomov\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy v\u010detn\u011b zlep\u0161en\u00ed Sdru\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (EPS) s\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm dal\u0161\u00edm zkvalitn\u011bn\u00edm sez\u00f3nn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. Program SMO \u201eProgram v\u00fdzkumu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed\u201c (WWRP) povede k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednos\u016fm z\u00a0kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek s\u00a0velk\u00fdm dopadem. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm \u00fakolem bude transformovat v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu do opera\u010dn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum klimatu, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0r\u00e1mci programu SMO \u201eProgram v\u00fdzkumu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed\u201c (WCRP) je perspektivn\u00ed z\u00a0hlediska dlouhodob\u00e9ho strategick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Do v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00edry zapojit i rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prosazovat jednotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, koordinovan\u00fd a synergick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, jako je p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed katastrof\u00e1m a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich n\u00e1sledk\u016f, klima a hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00edmi zdroji;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Posilovat partnerstv\u00ed a strategick\u00e9 aliance mezi \u010dleny SMO, mezi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi meteorologick\u00fdmi a hydrologick\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami a dal\u0161\u00edmi institucemi na st\u00e1tn\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni a nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d mezi obory a oblastmi tak, aby se mezi v\u0161emi zainteresovan\u00fdmi stranami posilovala synergie;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podporovat zviditel\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed komunikac\u00ed s\u00a0partnery v\u010detn\u011b m\u00e9di\u00ed, vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol a soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacit na z\u00e1klad\u011b vhodn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed na st\u00e1tn\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni a spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0partnery v\u00a0oblasti v\u00fdvoje.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee ke\u00a0zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u00fdzev bude leto\u0161n\u00ed rok poznamen\u00e1n \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm uzn\u00e1n\u00edm pot\u0159eby modernizovat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu vyz\u00fdv\u00e1m st\u00e1tn\u00ed org\u00e1ny, v\u011bdeck\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed, partnersk\u00e9 organizace, nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace, soukrom\u00fd sektor a ve\u0159ejnost, aby si spolu s modernizac\u00ed NMHS tak\u00e9 zajistily vybaven\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017en\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edstup a vyu\u017e\u00edvat informace poskytovan\u00e9 pod z\u00e1\u0161titou SMO p\u0159i \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch a rozvojov\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f46ed72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f46ed72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6fc9ed\" data-id=\"f6fc9ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73e72e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"73e72e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2003<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f33777 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f33777\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c6ce0a\" data-id=\"6c6ce0a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3a4530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3a4530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>NA\u0160E PODNEB\u00cd V BUDOUCNOSTI<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>(Zkr\u00e1cen\u00e1 a upraven\u00e1 verze poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka WMO profesora Godwina O. P. Obasiho.)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok slav\u00edme Sv\u011btov\u00fd den meteorologie a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me si tak \u017ee 23. b\u0159ezna 1950 vstoupila v platnost \u00damluva o Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci (WMO). Leto\u0161n\u00edm t\u00e9matem je Na\u0161e podneb\u00ed v budoucnosti. Podneb\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 k udr\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota na Zemi, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 podstatn\u00fd vliv na zabezpe\u010den\u00ed potravy, \u017eivota a majetku, vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, na rekreaci a na udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj. Nav\u00edc je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee podneb\u00ed do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry ovliv\u0148uje n\u00e1ladu, povahu a dokonce i zp\u016fsob my\u0161len\u00ed a kulturu lid\u00ed. V sou\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u016fkaz\u016f, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk m\u011bn\u00ed charakter on\u00e9 tenk\u00e9 vrstvy vzduchu, kter\u00e1 planetu Zemi obklopuje, se v\u0161emi dopady na podneb\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z toho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed. T\u00e9ma leto\u0161n\u00edch oslav bylo tedy zvoleno tak, aby zd\u016fraznilo pot\u0159ebu chr\u00e1nit podneb\u00ed jako\u017eto zdroj zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivota sou\u010dasn\u00fdch i budouc\u00edch generac\u00ed. Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den n\u00e1m tak\u00e9 d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost soust\u0159edit pozornost ve\u0159ejnosti, osob odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch za rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u00e9di\u00ed a ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti na roli WMO a n\u00e1rodn\u00edch hydrometeorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee v minulosti ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m podneb\u00ed doch\u00e1zelo. Tyto zm\u011bny v\u0161ak vypl\u00fdvaly z p\u0159irozen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zm\u011bny, jako nap\u0159. zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty o 0,6 \u00b0C od po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f z\u00e1znam\u016f p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v 60. letech 19. stolet\u00ed, v\u0161ak ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnost\u00ed. Rok 1998 byl nejteplej\u0161\u00edm zaznamenan\u00fdm rokem a rok 2001 byl hned druh\u00fd v po\u0159ad\u00ed. Devades\u00e1t\u00e1 l\u00e9ta byla nejteplej\u0161\u00ed dek\u00e1dou 20. stolet\u00ed a je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee rychlost a trv\u00e1n\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed ve 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159es\u00e1hla kter\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 obdob\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu uplynul\u00fdch 1 000 let. Pozorovan\u00e9 oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed se pova\u017euje za d\u016fsledek r\u016fstu koncentrace sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Obsah oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sklen\u00edkov\u00e9ho plynu, vzrostl ze zhruba 280 miliontin objemov\u00fdch (ppmv) v roce 1750 na 370 ppmv na konci roku 2001, tedy o v\u00edce ne\u017e 32 procent. Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed se atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 koncentrace metanu a oxidu dusn\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161ily o 151, resp. 17 %.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V d\u016fsledku oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed stoupla st\u0159edn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hladina mo\u0159\u00ed o 10 a\u017e 20 cm. Odhaduje se, \u017ee toto zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje a\u017e desetin\u00e1sobek pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed za uplynul\u00fdch 3 000 let. Za posledn\u00edch 50 let se rozsah mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ledovc\u016f na severn\u00ed polokouli sn\u00ed\u017eil o deset a\u017e patn\u00e1ct procent. Doba ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho zamrz\u00e1n\u00ed jezer a \u0159ek se b\u011bhem uplynul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed zkr\u00e1tila o zhruba dva t\u00fddny. Tlou\u0161\u0165ka ledu v Arktick\u00e9m mo\u0159i v pozdn\u00edm l\u00e9t\u011b a ran\u00e9m podzimu se za posledn\u00edch 45-50 let sn\u00ed\u017eila o 40 procent a za posledn\u00edch 100-150 let byl tak\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd \u00fastup horsk\u00fdch ledovc\u016f v nepol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblastech.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V pr\u016fb\u011bhu uplynul\u00fdch 30 let do\u0161lo v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta k dosud nev\u00eddan\u00fdm extr\u00e9mn\u00edm pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm a klimatick\u00fdm \u00fakaz\u016fm, nap\u0159. k z\u00e1plav\u00e1m, tropick\u00fdm cyklon\u016fm a obdob\u00edm sucha. V glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku do\u0161lo za posledn\u00edch 10 let ke zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed po\u010dtu hydrometeorologick\u00fdch katastrof. V r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta hroz\u00ed opakovan\u00e1 sucha a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u0161t\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,2 miliard\u00e1m lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b sv\u00fdch pot\u0159eb z\u00e1visl\u00ed na p\u016fd\u011b. Odhaduje se, \u017ee fenom\u00e9n El Ni\u00f1o, jeho\u017e v\u00fdskyt v letech 1997\/1998 byl nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za posledn\u00ed stolet\u00ed, postihl 110 milion\u016f lid\u00ed a sv\u011btovou ekonomiku p\u0159i\u0161el na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100 miliard dolar\u016f. Statistiky poji\u0161\u0165oven ve shrnut\u00ed za obdob\u00ed 1950-1999 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee velk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed, zp\u016fsobily ekonomick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty odhadovan\u00e9 na 960 miliard dolar\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto ztr\u00e1t byla zaznamen\u00e1na v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Snad nejn\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fkazem vlivu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou zm\u011bny flory a fauny. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech severn\u00ed polokoule se od 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed vegeta\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed prodlou\u017eilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 11 dn\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zm\u011bny vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b souvisej\u00ed s m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zimami v r\u00e1mci celkov\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, je\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od roku 1970.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K prvn\u00edm pokus\u016fm o systematick\u00e9 studium klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Zem\u011b doch\u00e1zelo ji\u017e v dob\u00e1ch Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (IMO), p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b WMO, je\u017e v roce 1929 ustavila Komisi pro klimatologii. Od 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k vysok\u00e9 kvalit\u011b v\u00fdzkumu, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00edmu studiu atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch proces\u016f v\u00fddobytky techniky, mj. radiolok\u00e1tory, dru\u017eice a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technika. Na p\u0159elomu 60. a 70. let dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed vedlo neb\u00fdval\u00e9 sucho v oblasti Sahelu a d\u016fkazy obdob\u00ed trval\u00e9ho ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed k obav\u00e1m o budouc\u00ed klima. Ve stejnou dobu vedla pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho se obsahu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e Sv\u011btovou meteorologickou organizaci v roce 1976 k vyd\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edho uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o mo\u017enosti vlivu zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e na budoucnost na\u0161eho podneb\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1979 WMO svolala prvn\u00ed Sv\u011btovou konferenci o klimatu, z n\u00ed\u017e vze\u0161el Sv\u011btov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd program (WCP) a jeho jednotliv\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti. WMO vyzvala ke spolupr\u00e1ci dal\u0161\u00ed organizace, nap\u0159. Program pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed OSN (UNEP), aby se ujal veden\u00ed p\u0159i studiu dopad\u016f zm\u011bn, \u010di Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed radu pro v\u011bdu (ICSU) ke spolupr\u00e1ci na v\u00fdzkumu. V roce 1988, za rostouc\u00edch obav ohledn\u011b vlivu lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na klima a mo\u017en\u00e9ho vlivu klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ekonomiky, zejm\u00e9na v rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se zem\u00edch, ustanovila WMO spole\u010dn\u011b s UNEP Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed panel pro klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny (IPCC). Mezi jeho \u00fakoly pat\u0159\u00ed vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch informac\u00ed o klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch a jejich ekologick\u00fdch a socioekonomick\u00fdch dopadech, jako\u017e i stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch strategi\u00ed reakce. Od sv\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed byly v r\u00e1mci IPCC vyd\u00e1ny t\u0159i hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. Prvn\u00ed hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1va z roku 1990 vedla k tomu, \u017ee WMO a UNEP zah\u00e1jily jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b o klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch, je\u017e byla podeps\u00e1na v Riu de Janieru v pr\u016fb\u011bhu Konference OSN o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozvoji (UNCED) roku 1992. Pot\u00e9 do\u0161lo k zalo\u017een\u00ed Konference stran \u00famluvy. Druh\u00e1 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1va (1995) p\u0159isp\u011bla k jedn\u00e1n\u00edm o Kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9m protokolu a k R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b OSN o klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch (UNFCCC).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ve sv\u00e9 T\u0159et\u00ed hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b vydan\u00e9 v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2001 doch\u00e1z\u00ed IPCC k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u201eexistuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 a siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorovan\u00e9ho za posledn\u00edch 50 let je d\u016fsledkem lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnost\u00ed\u201c. Tyto z\u00e1v\u011bry jako\u017e i p\u0159edpov\u011bdi t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se budouc\u00edho klimatu, vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f slo\u017eit\u00fdch model\u016f celkov\u00e9 cirkulace mezi oce\u00e1ny a atmosf\u00e9rou, ze sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed a z p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. P\u0159edpov\u011bdi budoucnosti sice zahrnuj\u00ed \u0159adu nejistot, av\u0161ak d\u016fv\u011bra ve schopnosti klimatick\u00fdch model\u016f poskytovat u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 odhady zna\u010dn\u011b vzrostla. Dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 to uspokojiv\u00e1 modelov\u00e1 simulace sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho klimatu, jevu El Nifio\/Ji\u017en\u00ed oscilace (ENSO) a monzun\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 jist\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch obdob\u00ed v minulosti, jako nap\u0159. vlivu erupce sopky Pinatubo v roce 1994 na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed teplotu zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u0159et\u00ed hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1va IPCC uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed teplota zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu vzroste v obdob\u00ed let 1990 a\u017e 2100 o 1,4 \u00b0C a\u017e 5,8 \u00b0C. Tato p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 rychlost oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zm\u011bny pozorovan\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20. stolet\u00ed a velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nem\u011bla obdoby za posledn\u00edch nejm\u00e9n\u011b 10 000 let. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed v letech 1990 a\u017e 2100 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 v rozsahu od 9 do 88 cm. To by m\u011blo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd socioekonomick\u00fd dopad, proto\u017ee by byly ohro\u017eeny n\u00edzk\u00e9 ostrovy, p\u0159\u00edstavy, n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 plochy, zdroje sladk\u00e9 vody, turistick\u00e9 oblasti a produktivn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee sr\u00e1\u017eky se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 21. stolet\u00ed zintenzivn\u00ed. V n\u00edzk\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch dojde v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a v jin\u00fdch ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek. Ve st\u0159edn\u00edch a\u017e vysok\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch se sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti zintenzivn\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskyt\u016fm such\u00fdch obdob\u00ed a z\u00e1plav.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka a zaledn\u011bn\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 oblasti severn\u00ed polokoule se podle p\u0159edpov\u011bdi budou d\u00e1le zmen\u0161ovat a ledovce a ledov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky vrcholk\u016f hor budou d\u00e1le ustupovat. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee hranice zaledn\u011bn\u00ed vrcholu hory Kilimand\u017e\u00e1ro v rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 oblasti v posledn\u00edch letech ustupuje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zm\u011bny klimatu tak\u00e9 mnoha zp\u016fsoby ovlivn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, a to jak p\u0159\u00edmo (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm stresu z chladu, av\u0161ak zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm tepeln\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee v zem\u00edch m\u00edrn\u00e9ho podneb\u00ed), tak nep\u0159\u00edmo cestou zm\u011bn v dosahu vektor\u016f chorob (nap\u0159. kom\u00e1r\u016f), vodou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch patogenn\u00edch l\u00e1tek a jakosti vod a ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdskytu co do po\u010dtu i \u00fazemn\u00edho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, av\u0161ak zm\u011bna klimatu zhor\u0161\u00ed riziko vyhynut\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f a ztr\u00e1ty biodiverzity.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto p\u0159edpov\u011bdi se sice t\u00fdkaj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 100 let, ov\u0161em daleko hor\u0161\u00ed je obava, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bkem zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny mohou p\u0159etrvat po celou \u0159adu stalet\u00ed i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdyby dnes do\u0161lo k \u00fapln\u00e9mu omezen\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f do atmosf\u00e9ry, proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 ze sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f jako nap\u0159. oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, maj\u00ed dlouhou \u017eivotnost.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nejbezprost\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hrozby lidstvu se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch v\u00fdkyv\u016f v intenzit\u011b a frekvenci bou\u0159kov\u00fdch a jin\u00fdch jev\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s extr\u00e9mn\u00edm po\u010das\u00edm a podneb\u00edm, jako jsou z\u00e1plavy a sucha, \u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlny veder v oblastech velk\u00fdch m\u011bst a vliv stoup\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hladiny na n\u00edzko polo\u017een\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti. Podrobn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi zm\u011bn klimatu pro oblasti na \u00farovni regionu \u010di povod\u00ed zat\u00edm nejsou k dispozici, je v\u0161ak moudr\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee zm\u011bny pozorovan\u00e9 v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch budou pokra\u010dovat a \u017ee budou p\u0159edstavovat nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 a zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se probl\u00e9my pro mnoh\u00e9 oblasti na\u0161eho \u017eivota. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed reakce na hrozby klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn vy\u017eaduje zmapov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u0159ady mo\u017en\u00fdch budouc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a identifikaci z\u00e1sadn\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159edstavovaly nejlep\u0161\u00ed reakci na tyto v\u00fdzvy. V budoucnosti povede zrychlov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje techniky ke zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nejistot, co\u017e bude m\u00edt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na zp\u016fsob, jak \u0159e\u0161\u00edme klimatick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. V tomto ohledu by lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch proces\u016f a st\u00e1le rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed schopnosti po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a dru\u017eic mohly v\u00e9st ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni. V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed na technick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Opat\u0159en\u00ed, je\u017e byla dosud zva\u017eov\u00e1na pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, jsou pro ochranu budouc\u00edho klimatu zat\u00edm nedostate\u010dn\u00e1. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed by okam\u017eit\u011b m\u011blo za\u010d\u00edt jednat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm UNFCCC a Kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9ho protokolu tak, aby do\u0161lo k p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9mu omezen\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f do atmosf\u00e9ry, a uplatnit dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nejistot v p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edch v\u00fdvoje klimatu. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem budou WMO a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hydrometeorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby nad\u00e1le zast\u00e1vat vedouc\u00ed \u00falohu p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch v\u011bdecko-technick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prvn\u00ed z t\u011bchto z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 systematick\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, je\u017e je nutno zlep\u0161it, a rekonstrukce minul\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch obdob\u00ed. Je tak\u00e9 zapot\u0159eb\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat v\u00edce \u00fadaj\u016f z pol\u00e1rn\u00edch a oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, s c\u00edlem umo\u017enit lep\u0161\u00ed kvantitativn\u00ed vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f. V odpov\u011b\u010f na tyto probl\u00e9my WMO i nad\u00e1le posiluje svoje programy Sv\u011btov\u00e1 slu\u017eba po\u010das\u00ed (WWW), je\u017e sleduje po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed, i Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry (GAW), zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry a tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pro hydrologick\u00e1 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Druh\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pot\u0159eby \u0159e\u0161it nejistoty, kter\u00e9 v sob\u011b dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi z\u00e1konit\u011b nesou. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem prob\u00edhaj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 snahy, zejm\u00e9na v r\u00e1mci Programu v\u00fdzkumu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho klimatu (WCRP), jeho\u017e \u00fakolem je zlep\u0161it schopnosti p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu d\u00edky lep\u0161\u00edm model\u016fm. C\u00edlem t\u011bchto snah je l\u00e9pe pochopit klimatick\u00e9 procesy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se mj. \u00falohy cel\u00e9 kryosf\u00e9ry, rozlo\u017een\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed budouc\u00edch emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f i jejich \u201ev\u00fdpust\u00ed\u201c a zdroj\u016f, a d\u00e1le role bioty a povrch\u016f sou\u0161e a oce\u00e1n\u016f i oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch hlubin. Projekt Variability a p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnosti klimatu (CLIVAR) je t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm programu WCRP p\u0159i studiu variability klimatu, roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed efektivn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch v\u00fdkyv\u016f a zp\u0159es\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed odhad\u016f antropogenn\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Nav\u00edc je nutno d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet klimatick\u00e9 modely pro lep\u0161\u00ed simulaci region\u00e1ln\u00edch a lok\u00e1ln\u00edch vliv\u016f klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn a extr\u00e9mn\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jev\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u0159et\u00ed ot\u00e1zka se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nutnosti zajistit, aby z pokroku klimatologie t\u011b\u017eily v\u0161echny zem\u011b. V tomto ohledu je projekt WMO Slu\u017eby klimatick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed (CLIPS) ur\u010den na pomoc jednotliv\u00fdm zem\u00edm p\u0159i aplikaci klimatick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f a sezonn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed v oblastech, jako je vodohospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f katastrof.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A kone\u010dn\u011b je v r\u00e1mci snah o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn nutno pos\u00edlit mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro koordinaci n\u00e1rodn\u00edch a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch snah, aby v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f, \u00fadaje a informace z\u00edskan\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje byly vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu celkov\u00e9mu u\u017eitku. Zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hydrometeorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby by se m\u011bly t\u011b\u0161it nezbytn\u00e9 podpo\u0159e p\u0159i napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho posl\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; pochopit po\u010das\u00ed a klima a poskytovat nezbytn\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pokrok p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f by IPCC m\u011bl umo\u017enit zodpov\u011bzen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch ot\u00e1zek ve \u010ctvrt\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b, je\u017e je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na na rok 2007. Zpr\u00e1va IPCC se mimo jin\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nejistot a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a bude-li to mo\u017en\u00e9 i povod\u00ed. V tomto ohledu je dobr\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee Sv\u011btov\u00fd summit o udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m rozvoji (WSSD), kter\u00fd se konal v roce 2002 v jihoafrick\u00e9m Johannesburgu, vyzval k obnoven\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f \u0159e\u0161it n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fakoly t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed chudoby, zm\u011bn ve spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9m a v\u00fdrobn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed, zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof a ochrany a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a spole\u010densk\u00fd rozvoj.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>MZ 2003\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 56, str. 26-27<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bcd2bb2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bcd2bb2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41d30ff\" data-id=\"41d30ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f55c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4f55c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2002<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-873bbc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"873bbc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a70d7b5\" data-id=\"a70d7b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad053d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad053d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>ZM\u00cdR\u0147OV\u00c1N\u00cd \u00da\u010cINK\u016e POV\u011aTRNOSTN\u00cdCH A KLIMATICK\u00ddCH EXTR\u00c9M\u016e<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Zkr\u00e1cen\u00e1 verze poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO G. O. P. Obasiho k Sv\u011btov\u00e9mu meteorologick\u00e9mu dnu)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm dnem si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me \u00damluvu o Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci, kter\u00e1 vstoupila v platnost dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1950. Tento den SMO ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b slav\u00ed a p\u0159itom se zam\u011b\u0159uje na n\u011bkter\u00e9 t\u00e9ma aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1jmu. T\u00e9matem Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne roku 2002 je Zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016f pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f. Bylo zvoleno jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (NMHS) a SMO k trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprav na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed, klimatick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 jevy a zamezen\u00ed nebo zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed jejich neblah\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed motivac\u00ed t\u00e9to volby je tak\u00e9 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v roce 2002 se v Johannesburgu v Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe uskute\u010dn\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd summit o trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m rozvoji. Summit se bude zab\u00fdvat posouzen\u00edm realizace Agendy 21 Konference OSN o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozvoji (UNCED), konan\u00e9 v roce 1992 v brazilsk\u00e9m Riu de Janeiro. Vezme t\u00e9\u017e v \u00favahu Deklaraci vydanou Summitem tis\u00edcilet\u00ed OSN a pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aktivity p\u0159i zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fsledk\u016f katastrof, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dinnost\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategie omezen\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof (ISDR), co\u017e je zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed iniciativa OSN zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na omezen\u00ed katastrof, kde SMO vede Pracovn\u00ed skupinu klimatu a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Volba t\u00e9matu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dob\u011b, nebo\u0165 st\u00e1le se opakuj\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1losti spojen\u00e9 s po\u010das\u00edm, podneb\u00edm a vodou postihuj\u00ed lidstvo a odhaluj\u00ed jeho zranitelnost. Torn\u00e1da a krupobit\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed rozsahem nevelk\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, je\u017e sice trvaj\u00ed jenom n\u011bkolik minut a p\u016fsob\u00ed v rozsahu n\u011bkolika set metr\u016f, ale p\u0159esto jsou velmi destruktivn\u00ed. Bou\u0159liv\u00e9 v\u011btry, vzdut\u00e9 hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed a z\u00e1plavy jsou doprovodn\u00e9 jevy bou\u0159kov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch v rozsahu stovek kilometr\u016f, v trv\u00e1n\u00ed od n\u011bkolika hodin do n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed. Klimatick\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie, nap\u0159\u00edklad ty, je\u017e zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed sucho, trvaj\u00ed cel\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed i d\u00e9le. Zaveden\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed si sice vybudovala vlastn\u00ed infrastrukturu a prosperuj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci celkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu m\u00edstn\u00edho klimatu, jemu\u017e se p\u0159izp\u016fsobila, p\u0159esto mohou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 jevy vymykaj\u00edc\u00ed se jeho obvykl\u00e9mu r\u00e1mci zp\u016fsobit katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed ekologick\u00e9, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podle odhad\u016f si p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vy\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 250 tis\u00edc ob\u011bt\u00ed na \u017eivotech a n\u00e1klady ve v\u00fd\u0161i 50 a\u017e 100 miliard dolar\u016f. Ze statistik vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 rostouc\u00ed po\u010det t\u011bchto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b sucha, z\u00e1plav a v\u011btrn\u00fdch smr\u0161t\u00ed. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det lid\u00ed byl posti\u017een z\u00e1plavami, zat\u00edmco nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed zp\u016fsobilo sucho a hlad.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K posouzen\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u00e9 zranitelnosti a citlivosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00ed na pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed a klimatick\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed i k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch \u0159ad klimatick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch oborov\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Z hlediska \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy a prevence n\u00e1m zku\u0161enost\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee jedn\u00edm z nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u0161kod je funguj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd pl\u00e1n zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof by m\u011bl vz\u00edt v \u00favahu \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch, klimatick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch jev\u016f, kter\u00e9 by dan\u00fd region mohly postihnout. Intenzivn\u00ed bou\u0159ky s doprovodn\u00fdmi jevy, jako jsou nap\u0159. torn\u00e1da, blesky, kru\u00ac pobit\u00ed, siln\u00e9 v\u011btry, pra\u0161n\u00e9 a p\u00edse\u010dn\u00e9 bou\u0159e, vodn\u00ed smr\u0161t\u011b a pr\u016ftr\u017ee mra\u010den, mo\u017en\u00e1 netrvaj\u00ed dlouho, jejich pr\u016fb\u011bh je v\u0161ak o to prud\u0161\u00ed. Celosv\u011btov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u010din\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b asi 200 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. B\u011bhem typick\u00e9ho roku zabije blesk v USA v\u00edce lid\u00ed ne\u017e hurik\u00e1ny, torn\u00e1da a zimn\u00ed bou\u0159e dohromady.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed jevy a s nimi spojen\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech a \u0161kody na majetku pat\u0159\u00ed cyklony v tropick\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch, monzuny, vlny veder a mraz\u016f, blizardy a El Ni\u0148o. Dlouhodob\u011b bude trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj z velk\u00e9 m\u00edry ur\u010dov\u00e1n predikovan\u00fdmi klimatick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami a jejich vlivem na stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, vodn\u00ed zdroje a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Programy a \u010dinnost SMO, zejm\u00e9na v r\u00e1mci Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed, zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed komplexn\u00ed program pozemn\u00edch a d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako\u017e i svobodnou a neomezenou v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat a odvozen\u00fdch produkt\u016f nezbytn\u00fdch k p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edm a ke v\u010dasn\u00e9mu varov\u00e1n\u00ed o mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edm z\u00e1plav a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. P\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed monitorovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je asi 10 tis\u00edc pozemn\u00edch stanic, tis\u00edc aerologick\u00fdch radiosond\u00e1\u017en\u00edch stanic, n\u011bkolik stovek radiolok\u00e1tor\u016f, v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 leteck\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159enos meteorologick\u00fdch dat zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00edce ne\u017e 75 tis\u00edc pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed denn\u011b, p\u0159es 7 tis\u00edc dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovac\u00edch plavidel, \u0161est kvazipol\u00e1rn\u00edch a \u010dty\u0159i geostacion\u00e1rn\u00ed dru\u017eice, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 vodom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic a skoro 250 glob\u00e1ln\u00edch a region\u00e1ln\u00edch stanic programu Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry, kter\u00e9 sleduj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed (sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny, ozon, zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky atd.). Je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no dal\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f z environment\u00e1ln\u00edch dru\u017eic monitoruj\u00edc\u00edch nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed jevy. SMO zaji\u0161\u0165uje ka\u017ed\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu ka\u017edodenn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u011bmto \u00fadaj\u016fm a informac\u00edm, zejm\u00e9na na podporu bezpe\u010dnosti \u017eivota a majetku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sb\u011br a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna v\u010dasn\u00fdch a spolehliv\u00fdch pozorovan\u00fdch hodnot a zpracovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed a varov\u00e1n\u00ed, mezi NHMS je zaji\u0161t\u011bna pomoc\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho telekomunika\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu SMO, jen\u017e spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 vysokorychlostn\u00ed telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edti. SMO tak\u00e9 koordinuje spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dat pro spole\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed a v r\u00e1mci pomoci rozvojov\u00fdm zem\u00edm p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a lep\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00ed progresivn\u00edch produkt\u016f z rozvinut\u00fdch st\u0159edisek na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. V t\u00e9to souvislosti poskytuje 25 region\u00e1ln\u00edch specializovan\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch st\u0159edisek p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 region\u00e1ln\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 produkty, v\u010detn\u011b poradenstv\u00ed o jevech, jako jsou nap\u0159. tropick\u00e9 cyklony, sucha, z\u00e1plavy, lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry, chemick\u00e9 a jadern\u00e9 odpady n\u00e1hodou uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, sope\u010dn\u00fd popel a dal\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky. V r\u00e1mci \u0159ady program\u016f SMO, v\u010detn\u011b sv\u011btov\u00e9ho programu v\u00fdzkumu po\u010das\u00ed, se p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f t\u011bchto jev\u016f d\u00e1le zkvalit\u0148uje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za \u00fa\u010delem dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159ipravenosti a preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed byly vyvinuty klimatick\u00e9 modely vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z glob\u00e1ln\u00edch soubor\u016f \u00fadaj\u016f, s c\u00edlem pochopit a p\u0159edpov\u00eddat variabilitu klimatu a jeho zm\u011bny. Klimatick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed modely by postupn\u011b m\u011bly poskytnout v\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed o v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch jevech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch pro anal\u00fdzu dlouhodob\u00e9 zranitelnosti, posouzen\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159ipravenost a mo\u017enou prevenci.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Soubory klimatick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f krom\u011b sv\u00e9 u\u017eite\u010dnosti v klimatick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edch jsou tak\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu v p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a ekologick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, i z hlediska v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed a posouzen\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. SMO proto koordinuje projekt transferu technologi\u00ed, v jeho\u017e r\u00e1mci bylo p\u0159es 130 rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed vybaveno po\u010d\u00edta\u010di a programov\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm pro klimatologickou datab\u00e1zi CLICOM a CLIDATA s aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V r\u00e1mci celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof SMO \u00fazce spolupracuje s dal\u0161\u00edmi organizacemi OSN i s region\u00e1ln\u00edmi a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi nap\u0159. ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a lesnictv\u00ed, vodohospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed apod. Z hlediska dlouhodob\u00e9 strategie zap\u016fsobil Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed panel pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu, p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v r\u00e1mci SMO\/UNEP, jako katalyz\u00e1tor a stimul\u00e1tor mezioborov\u00fdch studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 identifikovaly mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky extr\u00e9mn\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn p\u0159es hranice jednotliv\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni poskytuj\u00ed NHMS informace a slu\u017eby t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a vod. P\u016fsob\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako celost\u00e1tn\u00ed st\u0159ediska mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a koordinace v t\u011bchto oblastech, jim\u017e SMO za podpory sv\u00fdch 185 \u010dlen\u016f poskytuje celkov\u00fd operativn\u00ed r\u00e1mec. Propojen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch, region\u00e1ln\u00edch a glob\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed a produkt\u016f je nezbytn\u00e9 ke v\u010dasn\u00e9mu varov\u00e1n\u00ed o mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch situac\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch. SMO se tak\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed zajistit rozvoj a dal\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u0161ech NHMS.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00dasp\u011bch \u00fasil\u00ed vynakl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed, region\u00e1ln\u00ed a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni p\u0159i zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof tak\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">pos\u00edlen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch a pr\u00e1vn\u00edch podm\u00ednek m\u00edstn\u00edch organizac\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti na katastrofy, v\u010detn\u011b nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, uvnit\u0159 politick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce st\u00e1tn\u00edch a m\u00edstn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">sjednocen\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch struktur p\u0159ipravenosti na katastrofy s n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a region\u00e1ln\u00edmi aktivitami i se sousedn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi strukturami organizac\u00ed jako SMO,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fduky a integra\u010dn\u00edch aspekt\u016f zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed katastrof ve v\u00fdchovn\u011b-vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch instituc\u00edch a v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech p\u0159ipravenosti na katastrofy pro odborn\u00edky a specialisty p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na m\u00edstn\u00ed a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">iniciativ\u011b p\u0159i sv\u00e9pomocn\u00fdch \u010dinnostech.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Programy a \u010dinnost SMO se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi \u00farovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch slu\u017eeb poskytovan\u00fdch rozvinut\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a jejich \u00farovn\u00ed v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Tato nerovnost je p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch obav v\u0161ech \u010dlen\u016f, vzhledem k velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti nezbytn\u00e9 ke zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fsledk\u016f katastrof. Je nezbytn\u00e9, aby vl\u00e1dy sv\u00fdm NHMS poskytovaly vhodnou podporu a slu\u017eby v oblasti z\u00e1kladn\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 infrastruktury, zejm\u00e9na s ohledem na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed citlivosti na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed jevy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd, MZ 2002\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 55, str. 21-22<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0a25b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0a25b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c83651b\" data-id=\"c83651b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f221aaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f221aaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2001<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4cb854 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f4cb854\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56ac803\" data-id=\"56ac803\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-415422d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"415422d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>P\u0158\u00cdNOS DOBROVOLN\u00cdK\u016e KE SLEDOV\u00c1N\u00cd PO\u010cAS\u00cd, PODNEB\u00cd A VODY<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u201eJednotliv\u00ed dobrovoln\u00edci sd\u00edlej\u00ed bez ohledu na sv\u00e9 profesn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a p\u016fvodn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed okouzlen\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdmi a hydrologick\u00fdmi jevy. Mezi jejich nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osobn\u00ed charakteristiky pat\u0159\u00ed vytrvalost a osobn\u00ed anga\u017eovanost. Nez\u0159\u00eddka lze potkat dobrovoln\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1t let, \u010di jednotlivce navazuj\u00edc\u00ed po druhou i t\u0159et\u00ed generaci na dobro- volnickou tradici sv\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f \u201c.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u016fsobiv\u00e1 citace z poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO G.O. P. Obasiho p\u0159ibli\u017euje doslova charismatick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem heslo leto\u0161n\u00edho Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne (SMD), kter\u00e9 bylo vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno ve shod\u011b s t\u00e9matem Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho roku dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f deklarovan\u00fdm v roce 2001 OSN. SMO se t\u00edm p\u0159ipojuje k sv\u011btov\u00e9mu spole\u010denstv\u00ed a vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 hold dobrovoln\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k meteorologii, hydrologii a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm obor\u016fm. Lze bez nads\u00e1zky uv\u00e9st, \u017ee bez p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f by historie meteorologie byla v\u00fdznamn\u011b ochuzena. Ji\u017e od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku rozvoje na\u0161ich obor\u016f pom\u00e1hali meteorolog\u016fm a hydrolog\u016fm v operativn\u00ed \u010dinnosti dobrovoln\u00edci a jejich s\u00edt\u011b. \u010cinnost dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f je velmi \u0161irok\u00e1, po\u010d\u00ednaje pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm sr\u00e1\u017eek p\u0159es p\u00e9\u010di o chod cel\u00fdch klimatologick\u00fdch \u010di agrometeorologick\u00fdch stanic a\u017e po propagaci t\u011bchto obor\u016f. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b st\u00e1t\u016f jsou dobrovoln\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (NMHS). Na d\u016fkaz uzn\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u011bluj\u00ed NMHS dlouhodob\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edm dobrovoln\u00edk\u016fm \u010destn\u00e1 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, diplomy a jin\u00e1 ocen\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00ednos dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f u n\u00e1s je historicky dolo\u017eiteln\u00fd. Ji\u017e v publikaci [1] je uveden v\u00fd\u010det 13 jmen pozorovatel\u016f, \u010dinn\u00fdch nejm\u00e9n\u011b 25 let &#8211; v\u011bt\u0161inou od 70. a 80. let 19. stolet\u00ed. Nutno podotknout, \u017ee p\u0159ed rokem 1918 nebyli dobrovoln\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 v\u016fbec honorov\u00e1ni. Po vzniku samostatn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu rostl postupn\u011b po\u010det pozorovatel\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech, Moravy a Slezska. Stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 tvo\u0159ily stanice meteorologick\u00e9, sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00e9, agrometeorologick\u00e9 a spravoval je jak St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav meteorologick\u00fd (S\u00daM), tak i dal\u0161\u00ed organizace &#8211; nap\u0159. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u00fastavy zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9, St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav hydrologick\u00fd, St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav bioklimatick\u00fd. S\u00daM stanovil jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro v\u0161echny stanice za\u0159azen\u00e9 do jeho s\u00edt\u011b, a to:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 poloha pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">mo\u017enost v\u00edcelet\u00e9 \u010dinnosti stanice,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">nejm\u00e9n\u011b jeden z\u00e1stupce pozorovatele za \u00fa\u010delem zamezen\u00ed mezer v pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">p\u0159esn\u00e9 zachov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorovac\u00edch dob 7, 14, 21 hodin a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed i mimo tyto term\u00edny,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fapln\u00e9 propo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdkaz\u016f pozorovac\u00edch i pravideln\u00e9 jejich zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fastavu co nejd\u0159\u00edve po uplynut\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">souhlas s honor\u00e1\u0159em 150-200 K\u010d ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed vydal \u00fastav dva n\u00e1vody, psychrometrick\u00e9, hygrometrick\u00e9 i po\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed tabulky, jako\u017e i 16 ob\u011b\u017en\u00edk\u016f v \u010desk\u00e9 i n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 nov\u00e9 stanici byly zap\u016fj\u010deny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed-stroje: psychrometr (such\u00fd a vlhk\u00fd teplom\u011br), maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed-minim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplom\u011br, vlasov\u00fd vlhkom\u011br, v\u011btrn\u00e1 korouhev a t\u00e9\u017e sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011br (pokud nebyla dosud v s\u00edti St\u00e1tn\u00edho \u00fastavu hydrologick\u00e9ho). Stanic\u00edm p\u0159i \u0161kol\u00e1ch byl z v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f zap\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n i aneroid. N\u00e1klady na odm\u011bny vyplacen\u00e9 v roce 1927 dos\u00e1hly 54 000 K\u010d, v\u010detn\u011b vojensk\u00fdch stanic. O mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m vkladu dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed citace z publikace [1]: \u201e&#8230;p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 projevy se strany pozorovatel\u016f sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o ide\u00e1ln\u00edm naz\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u011bc.. .Vyskytly se p\u0159\u00edpady, \u017ee pozorovatel, nemaje z\u00e1stupce, z\u0159ekl se dovolen\u00e9, aby nep\u0159eru\u0161il pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed anebo, \u017ee vynalo\u017eil s\u00e1m ze sv\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f na opravu stanice zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1stku Rozvoj stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v prv\u00e9 republice dokumentuje publikace [2]: v abecedn\u00edm seznamu se v\u0161emi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi charakteristikami (druh stanice, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 sou\u0159adnice, v\u00fd\u0161ka n. m., z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stanice, spr\u00e1vce, pozorovatel) je uvedeno 1 001 stanic v zemi \u010cesk\u00e9, 440 v zemi Moravskoslezsk\u00e9, 716 v zemi Slovensk\u00e9 a 124 v zemi Podkarpatsk\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pracuje pro \u010cHM\u016e p\u0159es 3 000 dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f na \u00faseku meteorologie, hydrologie a \u010distoty ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Jejich operativn\u00ed i metodick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed pobo\u010dky. Pracovn\u00ed n\u00e1pl\u0148 a metodiky \u010dinnosti s\u00edt\u011b jsou ve zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e unifikov\u00e1ny SMO. P\u0159esto, \u017ee tr\u017en\u00ed principy v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed, odm\u011bny dobrovoln\u00fdm pozorovatel\u016fm tomu jist\u011b neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eeme dokonce tvrdit, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina z dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 tuto pr\u00e1ci jako jist\u00e9 altruistick\u00e9 posl\u00e1n\u00ed a navazuje tak na d\u00edlo sv\u00fdch p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti 80. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed \u00fastavu v roce 1999 obdr\u017eeli zaslou\u017eil\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 \u010destn\u00e9 diplomy a keramick\u00e9 plakety. I p\u0159es pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed automatizaci stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sofistikovan\u00fdch metod a pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f bude i nad\u00e1le slu\u017eba dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f v\u00edtan\u00fdm a nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem pro na\u0161i meteorologickou slu\u017ebu i sv\u011btov\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Literatura<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav meteorologick\u00fd v prvn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed republiky 1918-1920. Praha, SM\u00da 1928. 91 s.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] Seznam pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch stanic na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky podle stavu ze dne 1. ledna 1936. Praha, St\u00e1tn\u00ed komise poradn\u00edho komit\u00e9tu st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fastav\u016f pro meteorologii a hydrologii 1937. 252 s.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd, MZ 2001\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 54, str. 23<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-139cb90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"139cb90\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a1b47b\" data-id=\"3a1b47b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06710b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b06710b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">2000<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3710a2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3710a2d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0889fa3\" data-id=\"0889fa3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de37b6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de37b6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><h2><strong>SV\u011aTOV\u00c1 METEOROLOGICK\u00c1 ORGANIZACE \u2013 50 LET SLU\u017dEB VE\u0158EJNOSTI<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1950 se z nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteoro\u00adlogick\u00e9 organizace (MMO) stala mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteo\u00adrologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO), od roku 1951 p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed jako spe\u00adcializovan\u00e1 agentura OSN. Leto\u0161n\u00ed oslavy Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteo\u00adrologick\u00e9ho dne (SMD), spojen\u00e9 s datem 23. b\u0159ezna, jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u00adle\u017eitost\u00ed k zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost\u00ed SMO zalo\u017een\u00e9 s c\u00edlem vyu\u017e\u00edt jedine\u010dn\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a kli\u00adma nejsou limitov\u00e1ny politicky ani hospod\u00e1\u0159sky, co\u017e umo\u017e\u00ad\u0148uje celosv\u011btovou spolupr\u00e1ci v oblasti meteorologick\u00fdch, hydrologick\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, standardizaci a v\u00fd\u00adm\u011bnu p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch dat a jejich praktickou aplikaci k podpo\u0159e soci\u00e1ln\u011b-ekonomick\u00fdch aktivit citliv\u00fdch na vliv po\u010das\u00ed, jako jsou zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, vodohospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, letectv\u00ed, doprava apod. O tom, \u017ee principy t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ce na\u0161ly pln\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed, sv\u011bd\u00ad\u010d\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee ze 192 \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed OSN, je 185 organi\u00adzov\u00e1no v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v SMO &#8211; p\u0159ed pades\u00e1ti lety to bylo t\u0159icet zakladatelsk\u00fdch zemi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K efektivit\u011b sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat z pozorovac\u00edch stanic uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch ve funguj\u00edc\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Na principu vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed byly tak\u00e9 konci\u00adpov\u00e1ny a uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 programy SMO. Siln\u00fdm podn\u011btem k procesu vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed se stal n\u00e1stup sate\u00adlitn\u00ed techniky v 60. letech, ze kter\u00e9ho vyplynula i rezoluce OSN z roku 1961 o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci p\u0159i m\u00edrov\u00e9m vyu\u00ad\u017eit\u00ed kosmu. S plnou d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost\u00ed lze uv\u00e9st, \u017ee provozova\u00adn\u00e9 programy splnily o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159isp\u011bly v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm zp\u016fso\u00adbem k efektivit\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch hydrometeorologic\u00adk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (NHMS). V\u00fd\u010det a stru\u010dn\u00e1 charakteristika z\u00e1klad\u00adn\u00edch program\u016f SMO tuto skute\u010dnost jenom potvrd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">GOOS (Global Ozone Observing System) &#8211; Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ozonov\u00fd pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, vznikl v roce 1957 a pozd\u011b\u00adji byl transformov\u00e1n do programu GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) &#8211; Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry. Tento program umo\u017enil SMO ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku 70. let v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u011bt k ochran\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho pro\u00adst\u0159ed\u00ed. Realizace programu p\u0159isp\u011bla k zaveden\u00ed programu OSN s n\u00e1zvem UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) &#8211; Program OSN pro p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ji\u017e v roce 1975 zve\u0159ejnila SMO prvn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u00e1ch ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy a v roce 1977 byl formulov\u00e1n prvn\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n na ochranu ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byla p\u0159ijata V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 \u00famluva o ochran\u011b ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy (1985) a Montrealsk\u00fd protokol (1987) s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdmi dopl\u0148ky. GAW krom\u011b ozo\u00adnov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm 340 stanic v 80 zem\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b 22 glob\u00e1ln\u00edch stanic, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pro dlouho\u00addobou bilanci sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a aerosol\u016f, i slo\u017eit\u00fdch v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch chemick\u00fdch proces\u016f.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">WWW (World Weather Watch) &#8211; Sv\u011btov\u00e1 slu\u017eba po\u010das\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed program SMO, zah\u00e1jen v roce 1963. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uje koordinaci sb\u011bru, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed stan\u00addardizovan\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch a oce\u00e1nografick\u00fdch dat z pol\u00e1rn\u00edch a geostacion\u00e1rn\u00edch dru\u017eic, 10 tis\u00edc pozemn\u00edch stanic, 1 tis\u00edce aerologick\u00fdch stanic, 7 300 plavidel, 300 zakotven\u00fdch a 600 voln\u011b pluj\u00edc\u00edch b\u00f3j\u00ed a 3 tis\u00edc letoun\u016f, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159es 70 tis\u00edc dal\u0161\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Koordinovan\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 t\u0159\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch center, 34\u00a0\u00a0 Region\u00e1ln\u00edch\u00a0\u00a0 meteorologick\u00fdch\u00a0\u00a0 center\u00a0\u00a0 a 185 N\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch center prov\u00e1d\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u011b sb\u011br, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159enos v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 mili\u00adon\u016f znak\u016f dat a 2 tis\u00edc pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch map po cel\u00e9m sv\u011b\u00adt\u011b.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">WCP (World Cimate Programme) &#8211; Sv\u011btov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd program, zaveden\u00fd v roce 1979 po Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 konfe\u00adrenci o klimatu. Program vedl k pos\u00edlen\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed \u010dlen\u00adsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed v oblasti sledov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu, zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed klima\u00adtick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, budov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatologick\u00fdch datab\u00e1z\u00ed, udr\u00ad\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f o po\u010das\u00ed aj. V\u00fdznamnou slo\u017ekou tohoto programu je WCRP (World Climate Research Programme) &#8211; Sv\u011btov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd program, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na koordinaci v\u00fdzkumu klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, jeho prom\u011bnlivosti a p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnosti v r\u00e1mci nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f. Poznatky z\u00edskan\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci tohoto programu umo\u017enily Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edmu v\u00fdboru SMO\/UNEP pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu (IPCC) posoudit informace o kli\u00admatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b ajej\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e9m dopadu a formulovat stra\u00adtegie jak na tyto zm\u011bny reagovat. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b spolupr\u00e1ce s dal\u0161\u00edmi partnery byly zalo\u017eeny dal\u0161\u00ed programy, nap\u0159 Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m sledov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu (GCOS), umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed formulovat Klimatickou agendu (Climate Agenda), kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed jako integra\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch program\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s klimatem. Tyto projekty d\u00e1le vedly k polo\u00ad\u017een\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f kvalifikovan\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed tep\u00adlotn\u00edch anom\u00e1li\u00ed na styku oce\u00e1nu a sou\u0161e vlivem jevu El Ni\u0148o a s t\u00edm spojen\u00fdch zm\u011bn atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 cirkulace. Informac\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti na katastrofy v t\u011bch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta, kde se vyskytuj\u00ed siln\u00e9 sig\u00adn\u00e1ly jevu El Ni\u0148o, i pri vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdhled\u016f na region\u00e1ln\u00ed klima. C\u00edlem nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu CLIPS (Climate Information and Prediction Services &#8211; Slu\u017eby klimatic\u00adk\u00fdch informac\u00ed a predikc\u00ed &#8211; je pos\u00edlit kapacity n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pokroku dosa\u017een\u00e9ho v klimatologii v oblastech, jako jsou nap\u0159. pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami, vodohospod\u00e1\u0159\u00adstv\u00ed aj.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">AMP (Applications of Meteorology Programme) &#8211; Program meteorologick\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, zahrnuje agrometeo-rologii, leteckou meteorologii, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed meteorologii a p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 oce\u00e1nografick\u00e9 aktivity.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">AREP (Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme) &#8211; Program v\u00fdzkumu atmosf\u00e9ry a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Byl zah\u00e1jen ji\u017e v roce 1967 pod n\u00e1zvem GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Programme) ve spolupr\u00e1\u00adci s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed radou pro v\u011bdu (ICSU). Tento program se sv\u00fdmi modifikacemi a navazuj\u00edc\u00edmi experimenty v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k pokroku v oblasti p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad lze uv\u00e9st Program pro v\u00fdzkum tropick\u00fdch cyklon\u016f zah\u00e1jen\u00fd v roce 1971. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f programu se zlep\u0161ila p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f tropick\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed a koordinace v oblasti varov\u00e1n\u00ed. Sn\u00ed\u017eil se pronika\u00adv\u011b po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed tropick\u00fdch cyklon\u016f (v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i 300 tis\u00edc v roce 1971, 400 v roce 1994). Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pl\u00e1nu IDNDR (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction) &#8211; Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dek\u00e1da v\u011bnovan\u00e1 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom i navazuj\u00edc\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategie pro zamezov\u00e1n\u00ed pohrom &#8211; uskute\u010dnila SMO \u0159adu projekt\u016f spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch v zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch detek\u010d\u00adn\u00edch, p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch a varovn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm\u00a0 na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch dopad\u016f p\u0159\u00ed\u00adrodn\u00edch katastrof.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">HWRP (Hydrology and Water Resources Programme) -Program hydrologie a vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem HOMS (Hydrological Operational Multipurpose System) &#8211; Hydrologick\u00fd v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fd operativn\u00ed podprogram, zalo\u00ad\u017een\u00fd v 80. letech a WHYCOS (World Hydrological Cycle Observing System) &#8211; Sv\u011btov\u00fd hydrologick\u00fd pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, zalo\u017een\u00fd v 90. letech. Tyto programy se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed a kvality vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, pro\u00adblematikou zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s vodou, dopady nedostatku vody apod. (Odhaduje se, \u017ee do roku 2025 mohou asi dv\u011b t\u0159etiny sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace \u010delit pr\u00e1v\u011b nedostatku vody.)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">ETRP (Education and Training Programme) &#8211; Program pro v\u00fdchovu a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, umo\u017e\u0148uje odborn\u00fd person\u00e1ln\u00ed rozvoj pracovn\u00edk\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Za posledn\u00edch dva\u00adcet let obdr\u017eelo stipendia SMO na podporu studia ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch instituc\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch slu\u017eeb nebo na regio\u00adn\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kolic\u00edch st\u0159edisc\u00edch 400 osob ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">TCO (Technical Cooperation Programme) &#8211; Program technick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce, je zam\u011b\u0159en na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hydromete\u00adorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed a zem\u00ed s p\u0159echodo\u00advou ekonomikou.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">RP (Regional Programme) &#8211; Region\u00e1ln\u00ed program, sou\u00adst\u0159e\u010fuje projekty technick\u00e9ho a region\u00e1ln\u00edho rozvoje. C\u00edlem je p\u0159ekonat rozd\u00edly mezi rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edmi se a rozvi\u00adnut\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u011bhem uplynul\u00fdch deseti let realizovala SMO programy v hodnot\u011b 200 milion\u016f USD, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na podporu technic\u00adk\u00e9ho a region\u00e1ln\u00edho rozvoje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 (od roku 1993 \u010cesk\u00e1) hydrometeorolo\u00adgick\u00e1 slu\u017eba (\u010cHMS) byla jednou ze t\u0159iceti zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dle\u00adn\u016f SMO. Prvn\u00edm gener\u00e1ln\u00edm sekret\u00e1\u0159em SMO byl pra\u017esk\u00fd N\u011bmec Gustav Swoboda, do sv\u00e9ho \u00fat\u011bku p\u0159ed fa\u0161ismem ob\u00ad\u010dan \u010ceskoslovenska. O vysok\u00e9 presti\u017ei CHMS sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i sku\u00adte\u010dnost, \u017ee st\u00e1l\u00fd z\u00e1stupce CR byl n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zvolen do vrchol\u00adn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu SMO &#8211; V\u00fdkonn\u00e9 rady, naposledy na obdob\u00ed 1995-1999. Od roku 1971 je \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav (\u010cHM\u00da) Region\u00e1ln\u00edm telekomunika\u010dn\u00edm centrem v sy\u00adst\u00e9mu Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je v \u010cHM\u00da v Praze na superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010di aplikov\u00e1n a po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n numerick\u00fd model p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed ALADIN &#8211; v\u00fdsledky jsou distribuov\u00e1ny do \u0161esti st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou sdru\u017eeny ve spole\u010d\u00adn\u00e9m projektu pod n\u00e1zvem LACE (krom\u011b \u010cR, Chorvatsko, Ma\u010farsko, Rakousko, Slovensko, Slovinsko).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u00edky sv\u00e9 institucionalizaci ji\u017e v roce 1919 mohla \u010cHMS plnit v\u0161echny \u00fakoly mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem byly materi\u00e1ln\u00ed i person\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00adpoklady, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 (profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed i dobrovolni\u010dt\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9), p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed i dostatek schopn\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je \u010cHMS reprezentovan\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010cHM\u00da, i kdy\u017e meteorologi\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed organizace a instituce (nap\u0159. \u00dastav fyziky atmosf\u00e9ry AV \u010cR, Arm\u00e1da \u010cR, vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly). Rozsah \u010din\u00adnosti centr\u00e1ln\u00ed instituce slu\u017eby, \u010cHM\u00da, kter\u00fd vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 funk\u00adci \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho \u00fastavu \u010cR pro obory \u010distoty ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, hydrolo\u00adgie, jakost vody, klimatologie a meteorologie a zaji\u0161\u0165uje odborn\u00e9 slu\u017eby v t\u011bchto oborech pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu, umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fa\u010dinnou integraci pozorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed a varovn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. \u00dastav, krom\u011b \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed v Praze a sedmi region\u00e1ln\u00edch pobo\u010dek, spravuje v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159icet profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch stanic a observato\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dopl\u0148uje okolo 3 000 dobrovolnick\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f. Je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no technologick\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed, jako jsou dru\u017eice, meteorologick\u00e9 radiolok\u00e1tory, pln\u011b automatizovan\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed stanice, internet.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 stru\u010dn\u011b popsat \u010dinnost \u010cHM\u00da. Ve\u0159ejnosti je zn\u00e1m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed v m\u00e9di\u00edch \u010di z vyhla\u0161o\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed. K velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm \u010dinnostem pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00e1 slu\u017eba, kterou \u010cHM\u00da zabezpe\u010duje ve spolupr\u00e1ci se spr\u00e1vci vodn\u00edch tok\u016f (Povod\u00ed). P\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00e1 slu\u017eba sleduje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj meteorologick\u00e9 i hydrologick\u00e9 situace v hl\u00e1sn\u00e9 s\u00edti vodom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic na to\u00adc\u00edch, zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 a vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 denn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f pr\u016ftok\u016f pro 18 p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch profil\u016f na hlavn\u00edch toc\u00edch. V dob\u011b povod\u00adn\u00ed se rozsah p\u0159epov\u011bd\u00ed podle pot\u0159eby zvy\u0161uje. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enos\u00adti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159edstihu hydrologick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v zaveden\u00ed modern\u00edch hydrologick\u00fdch model\u016f, co\u017e je finan\u010d\u00adn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. K dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm \u010dinnostem \u00fastavu pat\u0159\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed civiln\u00edho letectv\u00ed, znaleck\u00e1 \u010din\u00adnost, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed o klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, mno\u017e\u00adstv\u00ed a kvalit\u011b vod, \u010distot\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 \u010din\u00adnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podle konzervativn\u00edch odhad\u016f \u010din\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed pom\u011br p\u0159\u00ednosu pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch informac\u00ed k n\u00e1klad\u016fm vynalo\u017een\u00fdm na jejich po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed 10:1. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy si na sv\u011bt\u011b ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vy\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed na 250 tis\u00edc \u017eivot\u016f, \u0161kody na majet\u00adku \u010din\u00ed 50 a\u017e 100 miliard USD. Ze statistik za cel\u00e9 stolet\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee p\u016fvod asi 70 % v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof je cha\u00adrakteru meteorologick\u00e9ho nebo hydrologick\u00e9ho, v\u010detn\u011b povodn\u00ed, sucha, bou\u0159\u00ed, sesuv\u016f p\u016fdy, lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f, zamo\u0159e\u00adn\u00ed hmyzem. \u00dadaje z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed tyto skute\u010dnosti potvrzuj\u00ed, v\u017edy\u0165 jenom finan\u010dn\u00ed \u0161kody z povodn\u00ed dos\u00e1hly od roku 1997 v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 miliard korun p\u0159i v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 ob\u011btech na \u017eivotu. Je nepochybn\u00e9, \u017ee investice vlo\u017een\u00e9 do rozvoje NHMS jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b efektivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi jsou nedoceniteln\u00e9 nejen pro cel\u00e9 spektrum spole\u010densko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch aktivit, ale tak\u00e9 z hlediska vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varo\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom\u00e1ch spojen\u00fdch s pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed situa\u00adc\u00ed, resp. klimatem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd, MZ 2000\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 53, str. 53-54<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54764d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54764d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1f7075\" data-id=\"a1f7075\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0afe770 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0afe770\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1999<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f1dab0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f1dab0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebfc0cd\" data-id=\"ebfc0cd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea10b53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea10b53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><h2><strong>PO\u010cAS\u00cd, PODNEB\u00cd A ZDRAV\u00cd<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>(Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den, 23. 3. 1999)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm dnem si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me den 23. b\u0159ezna 1950, kdy vstoupila v platnost Konvence Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace. SMO toto v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed slav\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd rok a v\u017edy se zam\u011b\u0159uje na jedno vybran\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. Volba hesla \u201ePo\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed&#8221; pro rok 1999 je zejm\u00e9na vhodn\u00e1 v dob\u011b, kdy se r\u016fzn\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed vzpa\u00admatovat z ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof, ptaj\u00ed se na d\u016fvody jejich vzniku a na to, zdaje mo\u017en\u00e9 omezit ekonomick\u00e9 a zdra\u00advotn\u00ed dopady t\u011bchto projev\u016f v budoucnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lidsk\u00e9 bytosti reaguj\u00ed fyziologicky na \u0159adu atmosf\u00e9ric\u00adk\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, v\u010detn\u011b teploty, vlhkosti, v\u011btru, slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 sice maj\u00ed zna\u010dnou schopnost p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat se nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typ\u016fm podneb\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed zraniteln\u00ed v\u016f\u010di podstatn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed mo\u00adhou lid\u00e9 pohodln\u011b \u017e\u00edt v rozsahu teplot od 17 do 31 \u00b0C, av\u0161ak zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty nad 40,6 \u00b0C p\u016fsoben\u00edm teplo\u00adty okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke smrti \u00fapalem. V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee b\u011bhem horka um\u00edr\u00e1 na n\u011bkter\u00e9 nemoci (nap\u0159. infarkt myokardu) mnohem v\u00edce lid\u00ed ne\u017e v chladn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. Lidsk\u00e9 reakce v\u0161ak z\u00e1vis\u00ed nejen na teplot\u011b, ale i na vlhkosti a v\u011btru. I m\u011bstsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo je mnohem zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obyvatel\u00adstvo venkovsk\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vzduch kolem n\u00e1s je pln\u00fd pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic a plyn\u016f, jako jsou pyl, spory hub a toxick\u00e9 emise. V\u0161echny ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho mohou b\u00fdt rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti v z\u00e1vislosti na meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch negativn\u011b ovlivn\u011bny kysel\u00fdm de\u0161t\u011bm a toxick\u00fdmi such\u00fdmi depozicemi, kter\u00e9 kontaminuj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdu, lesy, vodn\u00ed zdroje a ryby. M\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jako je smog a koncentrace p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu, spolu s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch pyl\u016f v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, jsou ji\u017e spojo\u00adv\u00e1ny s akutn\u00edmi z\u00e1chvaty astmatu a dal\u0161\u00edch respira\u010dn\u00edch cho\u00adrob. Po\u010det potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch lid\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na sm\u011bru v\u011btru a na vlhkosti, nebo\u0165 tyto dva jevy podporuj\u00ed bu\u010f rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed, nebo naopak koncentrov\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek a pyl\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech nen\u00ed sice vazba mezi po\u010das\u00edm, podne\u00adb\u00edm a zdrav\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1, ale o nic m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1. Nap\u0159\u00edklad stratosf\u00e9rick\u00fd ozon st\u00edn\u00ed zemsk\u00fd povrch p\u0159ed ultrafialov\u00fdm slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, kter\u00e9 je \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny \u017eivo\u010dichy i rostliny. Odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy m\u016f\u017ee tedy v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017e\u00adn\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm d\u016fsledk\u016fm. Z mnoha epidemiologick\u00fdch studi\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed UV-B zp\u016fsobuje u lid\u00ed se sv\u011btlou ple\u00adt\u00ed rakovinu k\u016f\u017ee a \u017ee nabour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu v\u00fdskytu t\u00e9to nemoci.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jako p\u0159\u00edklad zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch zm\u011bn po\u010das\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdskyty jevu El Nino. V n\u011bkte\u00adr\u00fdch oblastech sv\u011bta se sucha vyskytuj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji a jsou inten\u00adzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed b\u011bhem a bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po epizod\u011b El Nino, v jin\u00fdch oblastech m\u016f\u017ee naopak doch\u00e1zet k mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m. Celkov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek El Ni\u0148o je tak siln\u00fd, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u0159emeno p\u0159\u00ed\u00adrodn\u00edch katastrof je v roce n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm po n\u00e1stupu tohoto jevu v\u017edy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v roce p\u0159edchoz\u00edm, s d\u016fsledky na zdrav\u00ed posti\u017een\u00e9 populace. Studie proveden\u00e9 v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b tak\u00e9 prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee existuje vazba mezi El Ni\u0148o a epidemick\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem n\u011bkter\u00fdm nemoc\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159. mal\u00e1rie, hore\u010dka Rift Valley (hepatitis enzootica) a virov\u00e1 a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enosn\u00e1 one\u00admocn\u011bn\u00ed, jejich\u017e v\u00fdskyt se v\u017edy po intenzivn\u00edm de\u0161ti zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lidstvo ji\u017e dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 nadm\u011brn\u011b \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edrod\u00adn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a naru\u0161uje \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed zejm\u00e9na antropogen-n\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed (pr\u016fmysl, doprava, t\u011b\u017eba nerostn\u00fdch surovin). Souhrnn\u00fd dopad lidsk\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed dos\u00e1hl v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nev\u00eddan\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho rozm\u011bru. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komise pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u201ez mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u0159eteln\u00fd lidsk\u00fd vliv na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klima&#8221;. S\u00edl\u00ed pov\u011bdo\u00adm\u00ed o skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna sm\u011brem k teplej\u0161\u00edmu sv\u011btu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 populace. I kdy\u017e posouzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch vliv\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na zdrav\u00ed je slo\u017eit\u00e9, prohlouben\u00ed na\u0161ich znalost\u00ed o vazb\u00e1ch mezi klimatem, po\u010das\u00edm a zdrav\u00edm n\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159edv\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f a p\u0159i\u00adj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z dosavadn\u00edch poznatk\u016f o vztaz\u00edch mezi po\u010das\u00edm, podne\u00adb\u00edm, resp. kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00edm klimatu a lidsk\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby a hygie\u00adnick\u00e9 org\u00e1ny by m\u011bly zah\u00e1jit, resp. pos\u00edlit \u010dinnosti souvi\u00ads\u00edc\u00ed s v\u011bcnou informovanost\u00ed a poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fadaj\u016f, jako jsou ukazatel\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed pohody, varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, hodnoty v\u00fdskytu pylu a prachu apod.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">M\u011bla by b\u00fdt pos\u00edlena vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v d\u016fsled\u00adku p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof. Zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee kvalitn\u011bj\u00ad\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed ji\u017e zachr\u00e1nily miliony \u017eivot\u016f p\u0159ed tropick\u00fdmi cyklony, z\u00e1plavami a dal\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi ud\u00e1\u00adlostmi. \u010clensk\u00e9 zem\u011b SMO si pravideln\u011b vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed me\u00adteorologick\u00e9 informace v r\u00e1mci Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed a t\u011bchto informac\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zkvalit\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch p\u0159ed\u00adpov\u011bdn\u00edch kapacit a k vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed katastrofa\u00admi zp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi po\u010das\u00edm.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby by mohly hygienick\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm p\u0159ed\u00e1vat pravideln\u00e9 sez\u00f3nn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00adpov\u011bdi k vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zna\u010dn\u00e9ho pokroku bylo p\u0159itom dosa\u017eeno v oblasti sez\u00f3nn\u00edch predikc\u00ed, d\u00edky pra\u00adc\u00edm realizovan\u00fdm v r\u00e1mci Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho pro\u00adgramu a n\u00e1rodn\u00edch modifikac\u00ed &#8211; v \u010cR N\u00e1rodn\u00ed klimatic\u00adk\u00fd program. Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee b\u011bhem deseti let budou zavedeny nov\u00e9 slu\u017eby vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze sez\u00f3nn\u00edch predikc\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby by mohly d\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u00edvat k efektivn\u00edmu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nedostatkov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f zejm\u00e9na v polopou\u0161tn\u00edch oblastech a ob\u00adlastech pravideln\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed sucha a k posouzen\u00ed jakosti a mno\u017estv\u00ed vody. Pr\u00e1v\u011b meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 informace p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkce a ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpravky, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed stav a zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivot\u00adn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni je nezbytn\u00e9 vyjad\u0159ovat informace o pod\u00adneb\u00ed a po\u010das\u00ed tak, aby byly srozumiteln\u00e9 v kontextu m\u00edst\u00adn\u00edch znalost\u00ed a vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. SMO vyv\u00edj\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, aby n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby byly schopn\u00e9 po\u00adskytovat vod\u00edtka rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dinitel\u016fm a pracovn\u00edk\u016fm zdravotnick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Zejm\u00e9na projekt SMO \u201eSlu\u017eba klimatick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a predikc\u00ed&#8221; (CLIPS), jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je zajistit poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a kr\u00e1tkodo\u00adb\u00fdch predikc\u00ed, p\u0159edstavuje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd prost\u0159edek pro spolu\u00adpr\u00e1ci s org\u00e1ny ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotnictv\u00ed. Na tomto \u00faseku je nezbytn\u00e9 zaplnit \u0159adu informa\u010dn\u00edch mezer s pomoc\u00ed m\u00edst\u00adn\u00edch studi\u00ed o zdravotn\u00edch dopadech kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch v\u00fdkyv\u016f po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Leto\u0161n\u00ed oslavy Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne zam\u011b\u0159e\u00adn\u00e9 na t\u00e9ma Po\u010das\u00ed, podneb\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti i sd\u011blovac\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost uv\u011bdomit si v pln\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e obsahovou souvzta\u017enost zvolen\u00e9ho hesla. \u00dasp\u011bch p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch a pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch informac\u00ed a znalost\u00ed ke zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed lze dos\u00e1hnout jenom vz\u00e1jemnou spoluprac\u00ed v\u0161ech zainteresovan\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Zpracov\u00e1no podle poselstv\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka SMO prof. G. O. P. Obasiho).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd, MZ 1999\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 52, str. 59-60<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01e7779 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01e7779\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db3186a\" data-id=\"db3186a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b4dd0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b4dd0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1998<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08ada0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08ada0c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0aafc80\" data-id=\"0aafc80\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce2f3dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce2f3dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>PO\u010cAS\u00cd, OCE\u00c1NY A LIDSK\u00c1 \u010cINNOST<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>(Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den &#8211; 23. b\u0159ezen 1998)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro rok 1998 stanovila Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace t\u00e9ma Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne (SMD) &#8211; Po\u010das\u00ed, oce\u00e1ny a lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost (Weather, Oceans and Human Activity). Volba tohoto hesla je v souladu s rozhodnut\u00edm OSN, podle kter\u00e9ho byl rok 1998 ozna\u010den jako \u201erok oce\u00e1n\u016f\u201c, a v tomto duchu bude SMO participovat i na Sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00fdstav\u011b (EXPO 98) v Portugalsku, po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 s t\u00edmto tematick\u00fdm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Opodstatn\u011bnost v\u00fdb\u011bru tohoto hesla spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 vtom, \u017ee dv\u011b t\u0159etiny sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace, v\u010detn\u011b velkom\u011bst nad 2.5 milion\u016f obyvatel, \u017eije v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblastech. Oce\u00e1ny sk\u00fdtaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed surovin, jako jsou mangan, m\u011b\u010f, nikl, ropa a plyn, jejich\u017e vyu\u017eit\u00ed je pro lidstvo v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti nezbytn\u00e9. Krom\u011b toho sv\u011btov\u00e9 oce\u00e1ny poskytuj\u00ed i \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje potravy, energie, vody a uhlovod\u00edk\u016f. Tyto zdroje jsou v\u0161ak st\u00e1le v\u00edce ohro\u017eeny lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm v\u010detn\u011b dopravy, nadm\u011brn\u00fdm rybolovem apod.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">St\u00e1le intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f si vynutilo vznik glob\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f s c\u00edlem zajistit informace o pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch s p\u0159edstihem na n\u011bkolik dn\u016f. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed efektivit\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Krom\u011b ekonomick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu maj\u00ed oce\u00e1ny velk\u00fd vliv na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klima i aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. Jev El Ni\u00f1o jasn\u011b demonstruje souvislost mezi teplotou povrchu oce\u00e1n\u016f a ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. Naopak po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje oce\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nap\u0159. v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtat s nebezpe\u010d\u00edm ledov\u00fdch ker z Arktidy a Antarktidy, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed plavbu. Pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky maj\u00ed vliv i na p\u0159\u00edliv a odliv, kter\u00e9 v kombinaci s jin\u00fdmi faktory mohou zp\u016fsobit rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy &#8211; p\u0159\u00edkladem je Banglad\u00e9\u0161, kde v roce 1970 zahynulo 300 000 lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb zam\u011b\u0159ena na poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed pro pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti. SMO poskytuje informace o po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed (WWW). Tyto informace se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed nejen obvykl\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch prvk\u016f (nap\u0159. teplota, v\u00edtr), ale tak\u00e9 \u201eatypick\u00fdch\u201c (mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vlny, ledov\u00e9 jevy apod.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Data o po\u010das\u00ed na mo\u0159i jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1na z velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed obchodn\u00edch plavidel, plovouc\u00edch a upevn\u011bn\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch b\u00f3j\u00ed, vrtn\u00fdch plo\u0161in a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i z meteorologick\u00fdch dru\u017eic. SMO spolupracuje tak\u00e9 s Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed oce\u00e1nografickou komis\u00ed UNESCa, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi organizacemi, obchodn\u00edm lo\u010fstvem a naftov\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prvn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konvence o zabezpe\u010den\u00ed \u017eivot\u016f na mo\u0159i byla p\u0159ijata ji\u017e v roce 1905, p\u0159edpov\u011bdi pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed linky a ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 lod\u011b byly p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eny r\u00e1diem. Od roku 1988 se n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed komunikace zlep\u0161ila p\u0159ijet\u00edm Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho nouzov\u00e9ho a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, GMDSS). Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu jsou p\u0159edpov\u011bdi a varov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rozvoj pr\u016fmyslu a \u010dinnost\u00ed citliv\u00fdch na pr\u016fb\u011bh po\u010das\u00ed na mo\u0159i zp\u016fsobily velk\u00fd rozmach n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch slu\u017eeb zejm\u00e9na v 1. polovin\u011b tohoto stolet\u00ed. Slu\u017eby musely reagovat na speci\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky lodn\u00edch a nafta\u0159sk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se st\u00e1le v\u00edce projevuje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f jak v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch, tak i na mo\u0159i (depozice t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f, organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, polychlorovan\u00fdch bifenyl\u016f), kter\u00e9 naru\u0161uje biochemick\u00e9 procesy. K pochopen\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch dopad\u016f na oce\u00e1ny p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 program SMO nazvan\u00fd Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry (Global Atmospheric Watch, GAW).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby sehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli i v oblasti turistiky a rekrea\u010dn\u00edch sport\u016f. Poskytuj\u00ed informace pro cestovn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e i dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jemce o klimatick\u00e9 vhodnosti i aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010das\u00ed. P\u0159edpov\u011bdi se nap\u0159. t\u00fdkaj\u00ed i hodnot ultrafialov\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je nebezpe\u010d\u00ed tzv. klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Proto byl ji\u017e v roce 1988 ve spolupr\u00e1ci SMO s OSN z\u0159\u00edzen Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed Panel o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC). Pokud nedojde k n\u00e1prav\u011b, existuje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee by teplota na Zemi v d\u016fsledku p\u016fsoben\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u0159ady faktor\u016f (nap\u0159. sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny) mohla stoupnout a\u017e o 3.5 \u00b0C do roku 2100 a hladina oce\u00e1n\u016f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b a\u017e o 50 cm. D\u016fsledkem by bylo ohro\u017een\u00ed existence ostrov\u016f a zem\u00ed le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. V t\u00e9to souvislosti se SMO obrac\u00ed s v\u00fdzvou na politiky, aby reflektovali toto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a aby p\u0159ijali \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k redukci p\u0159\u00ed\u010din i n\u00e1sledk\u016f. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011bla p\u0159isp\u011bt k ochran\u011b a trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji oce\u00e1n\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby sv\u00fdmi \u010dinnostmi p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k pochopen\u00ed role oce\u00e1n\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 k prevenci a zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplen\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed role oce\u00e1n\u016f v klimatick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho zdroje pro p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace lidstva.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne i Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne vody, pro kter\u00fd bylo zvoleno heslo Podzemn\u00ed vody &#8211; skryt\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav v sobotu 21. b\u0159ezna Den otev\u0159en\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed na v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch krom\u011b leteck\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd &#8211; Marta Pe\u0159inov\u00e1, MZ 1998\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 51, str. 22<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa09674 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa09674\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ea49ae\" data-id=\"7ea49ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8ebcc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d8ebcc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1997<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3067606 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3067606\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5f5e53\" data-id=\"b5f5e53\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb4a94f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb4a94f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>PO\u010cAS\u00cd A VODA VE M\u011aSTECH<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 1997)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jako ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vyhl\u00e1sila SMO na 23. b\u0159ezna t\u00e9ma pro Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den. Pro leto\u0161n\u00ed rok bylo vybr\u00e1no heslo Po\u010das\u00ed a voda ve m\u011bstech, kter\u00e9 navazuje na 2. konferenci Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f zam\u011b\u0159enou na problematiku lidsk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed (Habitat II), kter\u00e1 se konala v \u010dervnu 1996 v Turecku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jde o t\u00e9ma velmi aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed, proto\u017ee n\u00e1r\u016fst populace ve m\u011bstech klade zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zmen\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se neobnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje na Zemi. Proces postupuj\u00edc\u00ed urbanizace je ilustrov\u00e1n skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee v roce 1950 z celkov\u00e9 populace 2,5 miliardy lid\u00ed \u017eila jedna t\u0159etina ve m\u011bstech, ale k roku 2000 to bude ji\u017e polovina z 6,2 miliardy lid\u00ed. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee k roku 2025 budou dv\u011b t\u0159etiny obyvatel \u017e\u00edt ve m\u011bstech. D\u016fsledky na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u011bst byly pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00e9matem ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 konference OSN v Turecku, kter\u00e1 reflektovala tyto v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 trendy a jako priority stanovila:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed nejv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed pro m\u011bsta (zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, tropick\u00e9 cyklony, z\u00e1plavy, sucha, zamo\u0159en\u00ed p\u016fdy apod.), maj\u00ed za n\u00e1sledek ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech a majetku a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161kody. Statistiky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee extr\u00e9mn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 jevy zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed asi 70 % p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom. M\u011bsta jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00e1 pro vysokou koncentraci obyvatelstva. Nap\u0159. z\u00e1plavy na \u0159ece Mississipi v roce 1993 zp\u016fsobily \u0161kody vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 miliard dolar\u016f. (V\u010cR p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 povodn\u011bmi v pr\u016fm\u011bru 500 milion\u016f K\u010d ro\u010dn\u011b.)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1990 byl z rozhodnut\u00ed OSN zah\u00e1jen program IDNDR (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dek\u00e1da pro omezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof), kter\u00fd m\u00e1 za \u00fakol sni\u017eovat dopady p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pohrom. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i realizaci t\u00e9to dek\u00e1dy, zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch program\u016f:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 slu\u017eba po\u010das\u00ed,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdchovn\u00fd a \u0161kolic\u00ed program,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Program technick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO klade d\u016fraz na p\u0159\u00edpravu opat\u0159en\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u017eiveln\u00edch pohrom: zlep\u0161en\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a varov\u00e1n\u00ed, odhad mo\u017en\u00fdch rizik, informace pro ve\u0159ejnost, osv\u011btov\u00e1 a v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 \u010dinnost.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vliv urbanizace m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 dopady na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b dostupnosti zdroj\u016f sladk\u00e9 vody. Celkov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na vodu se dramaticky zm\u011bnily b\u011bhem posledn\u00edho stolet\u00ed (mezi roky 1900 a\u017e 1995 stoupl celosv\u011btov\u011b odb\u011br sladk\u00e9 vody \u0161estkr\u00e1t. Tento n\u00e1r\u016fst je v\u00edce ne\u017e dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e r\u016fst populace za stejnou dobu. K tomuto n\u00e1r\u016fstu p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed i z\u00e1vlahy, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd r\u016fst a zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se spot\u0159eba vody na osobu pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed a sanit\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je t\u0159eba se tak\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee 16 % populace m\u00e1 omezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke zdroj\u016fm pitn\u00e9 vody a v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch je to a\u017e 48 %. V nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch aglomerac\u00edch je st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed uspokojovat po\u017eadavky na vodu, kterou je \u010dasto nutn\u00e9 dopravovat z velk\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V m\u00edstech, kde nedostatek vody zp\u016fsobuje \u010dast\u00e1 sucha, je nutn\u00e9 vyvinout p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd monitoring. K tomu mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt n\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu klimatu i p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed (extr\u00e9mn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V m\u00edstech, kde jsou omezen\u00e9 zdroje vody, je nutn\u00e9 zav\u00e9st pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b efektivn\u00edho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s nimi. Dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je komplexn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00fd pro povod\u00ed \u0159eky R\u00fdna.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm programu Hydrologie a vodn\u00ed zdroje SMO zaji\u0161\u0165uje monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, ohodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed a hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodn\u00edmi zdroji. D\u016fle\u017eitou roli sehr\u00e1v\u00e1 Sv\u011btov\u00fd hydrologick\u00fd pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m (WHYCOS). Ten se vyv\u00edj\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161en\u00ed na\u0161ich v\u011bdomost\u00ed o sv\u011btov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u00edch s c\u00edlem identifikace jejich dostupnosti a zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed budouc\u00edch pot\u0159eb, v\u010detn\u011b pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">I m\u011bstsk\u00e1 infrastruktura v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u017eivot obyvatel: po\u010das\u00ed ve m\u011bstech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 od okoln\u00ed krajiny. Pro toto lok\u00e1ln\u00ed klima se ust\u00e1lil n\u00e1zev \u201em\u011bstsk\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 ostrovy\u201c. Je charakteristick\u00e9 zm\u011bnami v\u011btru, teploty vzduchu, vlhkosti, atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek i slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b se zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, jak\u00fdmi jsou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 troposf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho ozonu a chemick\u00e9 plyny produkovan\u00e9 dopravou i pr\u016fmyslem. Tyto faktory, stejn\u011b jako zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd tepeln\u00fd stres a dal\u0161\u00ed vlivy, ohro\u017euj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed obyvatel.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V kontextu se sv\u00fdmi \u010dinnostmi, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edmi se \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve m\u011bstech, SMO klade d\u016fraz na rozvoj a realizaci programu TRUCE (Tropical Urban Climate Experiment).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jedn\u00edm z dal\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f, kter\u00fd se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i venkovsk\u00e9 krajiny, je probl\u00e9m lok\u00e1ln\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 oblasti jsou hlavn\u00edmi zdroji r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f emis\u00ed, jako oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, uhelnat\u00fd, si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd, oxidy dus\u00edku a aerosoly, jejich\u017e vliv sah\u00e1 daleko za hranice m\u011bsta. R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy polutant\u016f zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eny v\u011btrem z m\u011bstsk\u00fdch aglomerac\u00ed a p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed jak k such\u00e9, tak i mokr\u00e9 depozici. Ta negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje zem\u011bd\u011blskou a lesn\u00ed produkci i vodn\u00ed zdroje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Intenzivn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed energie ve m\u011bstech p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u011b k emisi sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f do atmosf\u00e9ry. Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed panel o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b varuje, \u017ee pokud nebudou p\u0159ijata \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, dojde p\u0159ed koncem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho stolet\u00ed k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty o 1 a\u017e 3 \u00b0C a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed o 15 a\u017e 95 cm. To by m\u011blo v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky pro lidsk\u00e1 s\u00eddla p\u0159i pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edch a v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch (zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, biodiverzita, eroze p\u016fdy, pronik\u00e1n\u00ed slan\u00e9 vody).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO sehr\u00e1v\u00e1 vedouc\u00ed roli v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm \u00fasil\u00ed o sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch program\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159. Sv\u011btov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd program, Program v\u00fdzkumu atmosf\u00e9ry a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, Program Hydrologie a vodn\u00ed zdroje. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spolupr\u00e1ce s OSN a N\u00e1rodn\u00edmi meteorologick\u00fdmi a hydrologick\u00fd- mi slu\u017ebami \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed SMO podporuje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed konvence, jako jsou nap\u0159. R\u00e1mcov\u00e1 konvence Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b, prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konvenci pro boj s desertifikac\u00ed a V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 konvence o ochran\u011b ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u00e9ma Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 1997 poskytuje ka\u017ed\u00e9mu mo\u017enost posoudit d\u016fle\u017eitost p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku SMO a n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje m\u011bst a ochran\u011b \u017eivot\u016f a majetk\u016f jak ve m\u011bstech, tak i venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech. P\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti se SMO obrac\u00ed s v\u00fdzvou na partnersk\u00e9 organizace i politiky, aby si uv\u011bdomili a ocenili v\u00fdznam slu\u017eeb poskytovan\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi meteorologick\u00fdmi a hydrologick\u00fd- mi slu\u017ebami pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed m\u011bst na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne i Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne vody, pro kter\u00fd bylo zvoleno heslo Je na sv\u011bt\u011b dost vody?, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 i letos \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav v sobotu22. b\u0159ezna Den otev\u0159en\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed na v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch krom\u011b leteck\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. (Zpracov\u00e1no z materi\u00e1l\u016f SMO.)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd &#8211; Marta Pe\u0159inov\u00e1, MZ 1997\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 50, str. 31-32<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e56b34f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e56b34f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e3a73\" data-id=\"17e3a73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b14c78e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b14c78e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1996<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d11fd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d11fd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec9c340\" data-id=\"ec9c340\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d58d2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d58d2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 100. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed modern\u00edch olympijsk\u00fdch her zvolila Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace jako t\u00e9ma Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 1996 heslo Meteorologie ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch sportu. V \u010cesk\u00e9m hydrometeorologick\u00e9m \u00fastavu i ve Slo\u00advensk\u00e9m hydrometeorologick\u00e9m \u00fastavu prob\u011bhla \u0159ada akc\u00ed k tomuto dni. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme dva informativn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky ze semin\u00e1\u0159e po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9ho SHM\u00da v Ko\u0161ic\u00edch a \u010dl\u00e1nek komentuj\u00edc\u00ed Den otev\u00ad\u0159en\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed v \u010cHM\u00da.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Redakce<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><div><h2 class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>METEOROL\u00d3GIA A \u0160PORT<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010dasie zasahuje do v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Tudskej \u010dinnosti a priaznivo alebo nepriaznivo ju ovplyv\u0148uje. Tohoro\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u011b heslo SMO upriamuje na\u0161u pozornos\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b na oblast&#8217; \u010dinnosti, ktor\u00e1 sa v preva\u017enej miere odohr\u00e1va vonku za priameho vplyvu po\u010dasia na \u0161port. V\u0161etky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u0161portov\u00e9 podujatia, ako s\u00fa olympi\u00e1dy, majstrovstv\u00e1 sv\u011bta, univerzi\u00e1dy zimn\u00fdch a letn\u00fdch \u0161portov, futbalov\u00e9 majstrovstv\u00e1 apod., za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa pr\u00e1v\u011b u meteorol\u00f3gov. Meteorologick\u00e1 Statistika vymedz\u00ed najpriaznivej\u0161ie obdobie z hradiska po\u010dasia a a\u017e potom za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ostatn\u00e1 organiza\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca. M\u00e1me z tejto oblas\u00adti aj vlastn\u011b a \u010do hlavn\u011b dobr\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti. Pri organizovan\u00ed zimn\u00fdch majstrovstiev sv\u011bta v klasick\u00fdch discipl\u00edn\u00e1ch v roku 1970 vo Vysok\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch vyhodnotil doc. Milan Ned\u011blka a Jozef Petrek Klimatick\u00e9 pom\u011bry \u0160trbsk\u00e9ho Plesa a Chopku z hradiska vhodnosti pre zimn\u00e9 \u0161porty. Vymedzili vtedy obdo\u00adbie od 14. do 28. febru\u00e1ra ako najvhodnej\u0161ie z hladiska teplotn\u00fdch, sn\u011bhov\u00fdch i vetern\u00fdch pomerov. To ist\u00e9 zimn\u00e9 obdo\u00adbie bolo zvolen\u00e9 aj pri organizovan\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u011bj zimnej univerzi\u00e1dy v Tatr\u00e1ch v roku 1987. Ak sa e\u0161te pam\u00e1t\u00e1me, t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 pred obidvoma podujatiami bol kritick\u00fd nedostatek sn\u011bhu, ale statistika nezlyhala a tesne pred majstrovstvami sv\u011bta i pred univerzi\u00e1dou napadlo dostatek sn\u011bhu, dokonca v roku 1970 bola z toho sn\u011bhov\u00e1 kalamita, ktor\u00e1 poriadaterom vtedy poriadne zamotala hlavu. To s\u00fa p\u0159\u00edklady, kedy vlastn\u00e1 sk\u00fasenos\u0165 n\u00e1s pou\u010dila, \u017ee meteorol\u00f3gia v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch je pre \u0161port u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1, dokonca nevyhnutn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/tab1.JPG\" alt=\"\" \/>In\u00e9 va\u010d\u0161ie \u0161portov\u00e9 podujatia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa viazan\u00e9 na ur\u010dit\u00e9 term\u00edny, napr. v tenise grandslamov\u00e9 turnaje, v minulosti na\u0161e spartaki\u00e1dy a pod., nem\u00f3\u017eu si zvolit&#8217; obdobie najva\u010d\u0161ej prav\u00add\u011bpodobnosti priazniv\u00e9ho po\u010dasia, ale aj tak tu meteorol\u00f3gia hr\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fa a popredn\u00fa informa\u010dn\u00fa \u00falohu. Zase na\u010driem do spomienok. \u0160portov\u00e9 hry HM\u00da sa poriadali obvykle v jarnom obdob\u00ed. V roku 1980 ich poriadali Ko\u0161ice. Z hradiska organiz\u00e1cie, v\u00fdb\u011bru miesta a podmienok ubytovania boli na najvy\u0161\u00ad\u0161ej \u00farovni, po\u010dasie bolo v\u0161ak krajn\u00e9 nepriazniv\u00e9 a niektor\u00e9 \u0161porty sa ani nedokon\u010dili. Bola to ir\u00f3nia osudu, \u017ee hry HM\u00da sa odohr\u00e1vali za tak\u00fdch zl\u00fdch poveternostn\u00fdch podmienok.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vztah meteorol\u00f3gia a \u0161port m\u00e1 v\u0161ak aj in\u00e9 dimenzie. P\u0159enesme sa od masovo organizovan\u00fdch podujat\u00ed k individu\u00e1lnym \u0161portom, ktor\u00e9 sa odohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa vo vohiej p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Na\u0161e horsk\u00e9 oblasti, najma Tatransk\u00e1, n\u00e1m poskytuj\u00fa k tomu dosta\u00adtek n\u00e1metov. Letn\u00e1 a zimn\u00e1 turistika, v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 horolezectvo a skialpinizmus prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa nielen radostn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky vo voftiej p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, ale p\u00ed\u0161u aj str\u00e1nky utrpen\u00ed a zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed. Zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch preto, lebo dne\u0161n\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 poznatkov o meteoro\u00adlogick\u00fdch procesoch a o nebezpe\u010denstve z nich vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich najma na hor\u00e1ch je u\u017e na vysokej \u00farovni. Meteorologick\u00e9 predpovede po\u010dasia s\u00fa dnes ka\u017ed\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 cez \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu masm\u00e9di\u00ed a maj\u016f dostato\u010dn\u00fa hlbku inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a dosta\u00adte\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 rozpatie. A predsa ka\u017ed\u00fd rok doch\u00e1dza v na\u0161ich hor\u00e1ch k desiatkam nehod, ne\u0161\u0165ast\u00ed a trag\u00e9di\u00ed vyvolan\u00fdch nere\u0161pektovan\u00edm v\u00fdstrah, podcen\u011bn\u00edm nebezpe\u010denstva a prehodnoten\u00edm vlastn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed a sil.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/tab2.JPG\" alt=\"\" \/>Z evidencie Horskej slu\u017eby vo Vysok\u00fdch a N\u00edzk\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch som vybral \u00fadaje o \u00farazovosti a smrteln\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch v t\u00fdchto horsk\u00fdch oblastiach za posledn\u00fdch 10 rokov.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Celkom je evidovan\u00fdch 125 smrteln\u00fdch \u00farazov vo Vyso\u00adk\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch v obdob\u00ed 1986-1995a 901 smrteln\u00fdch \u00farazov od za\u010diatku evidencie do 31. 12. 1995.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z tab. 1 vidie\u0165, \u017ee vo Vysok\u00fdch a N\u00edzk\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch doch\u00e1d\u00adza zhodne v priemere ro\u010dn\u011b k 270 \u00farazom. Podier zimn\u00fdch a letn\u00fdch \u00farazov nem\u00e1m vy\u010d\u00edslen\u00fd, ale podia odhadu 4\/5 \u00fara\u00adzov s\u00fa v zimnom obdob\u00ed pri p\u011bstovan\u00ed zimn\u00fdch \u0161portov, najma v oblasti N\u00edzk\u00fdch Tatier.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tab. 2 o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch nehod vo Vysok\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch je len zo 6-ro\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia, kedy sa podrobnej\u0161ie za\u010dali zaznamen\u00e1\u00advat&#8217; p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny nehod a \u00farazov.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tabulka velmi v\u00fd\u0159e\u010dn\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee poveternostn\u00e9 pod\u00admienky a n\u00e1vazn\u00e9 na nich zradovatel\u00fd povrch a neopatrnos\u0165 a nedisciplinovanos\u0165 s\u00fa hlavn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami \u00farazovosti a ne\u0161\u0165ast\u00ed v hor\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tu nastupuje nielen informa\u010dn\u00e1, ale aj v\u00fdchovn\u00e1 \u010dinnost&#8217; meteorol\u00f3gie. Je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 neust\u00e1le pripom\u00edna\u0165 a zd\u00f3raz\u0148ova\u0165 v masm\u00e9di\u00e1ch aktu\u00e1ln\u011b vyhla\u0161ovan\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstva. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161tandardu, dopravn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti do horsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, ich rozrastaj\u00faca sa vybavenost, l\u00e1ka po\u010detn\u00fdch oby\u00advatel\u016fv miest najma z n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed do h\u00f3r. Je v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zne, \u010di tito p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00ed, ale dychtiv\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci vysokohor\u00adsk\u00e9ho prostredia s\u00fa dostate\u010dn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed vedomos\u0165ami o zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostiach po\u010dasia v hor\u00e1ch, \u010di maj\u016f primeran\u00fa fyzick\u00fa zdatnost&#8217;, dostate\u010dn\u00e9 a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vybavenie v\u00fdstroja a \u010di dok\u00e1\u00ad\u017eu by\u0165 disciplinovan\u00ed, ale i kritick\u00ed k svojim fyzick\u00fdm schopnostiam. V\u00fdkonn\u00ed, organizovan\u00ed \u0161portovci, ako horolezci, skialpinisti i vysokohorsk\u00ed turisti, mali by povinn\u00e9 absolvovat meteorologick\u00e9 \u0161kolenia, alebo aspo\u0148 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky so zameran\u00edm na zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti po\u010dasia v hor\u00e1ch. T\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit&#8217;, \u017ee po\u010dasie na hor\u00e1ch je in\u00e9 ako na rovin\u011b. Obloha je modrej\u0161ia, slnkoje silnej\u0161ie,z h\u00f3rd\u00e1lej dovid\u00ed\u0161, svetje kraj\u0161\u00ed. Ale obla\u00adky s\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161ie, vietor f\u00faka silnej\u0161ie, teplota je chladnej\u0161ia a po\u010dasie nebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>J\u00e1n Pribi\u0161, MZ 1996\/4, ro\u010dn\u00edk 49, str. 118-119<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-569db1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"569db1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f37620\" data-id=\"1f37620\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19468f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19468f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1995<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-061d0f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"061d0f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ed0a9f\" data-id=\"6ed0a9f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a46923 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a46923\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>Meteorologick\u00e9 informace pro ve\u0159ejnost<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>V\u00fdtah z\u00a0dopisu gener\u00e1ln\u00edho sekret\u00e1\u0159e WMO prof. Godwina O. P. Obasiho k\u00a0Sv\u011btov\u00e9mu meteorologick\u00e9mu dni 1995<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm povinnostem v\u0161ech n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb pat\u0159\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed, v\u00fdstrah a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch informac\u00ed, s c\u00edlem zajistit ochranu \u017eivot\u016f a majetku a p\u0159isp\u011bt v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem k hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu a spole\u010densk\u00e9mu rozvoji n\u00e1rod\u016f. NMHS se soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed hlavn\u011b na to, jak aplikovat meteorologii, operativn\u00ed hydrologii a souvzta\u017en\u00e9 technologie k dosa\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto c\u00edl\u016f. Je tedy nezbytn\u00e9, aby ve\u0159ejnost vid\u011bla, \u017ee prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 jsou sv\u011b\u0159eny t\u011bmto slu\u017eb\u00e1m, jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed co nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb pro ve\u0159ejnost. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu XI. Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd kongres schv\u00e1lil \u201eProgram pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch slu\u017eeb pro ve\u0159ejnost\u201c (Public Weather Services Programme) jako sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a technick\u00fdch program\u016f SMO (WMO). Tento program byl ustanoven k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00fdch a p\u0159esn\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a k jejich \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed. \u00dakolem tohoto programu je pomoci \u010dlensk\u00fdm zem\u00edm zlep\u0161it pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro ve\u0159ejnost a poskytnout sm\u011brnice pro jejich nejlep\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto slu\u017eby zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a blaho spole\u010dnosti, a to jak p\u0159\u00edmo, tak i nep\u0159\u00edmo. Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed relevantn\u00edch a spolehliv\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch slu\u017eeb a jejich systematick\u00e1 aplikace p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem k bezpe\u010dnosti lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V t\u00e9to spojitosti bych r\u00e1d uvedl p\u00e1r p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, kter\u00e9 ilustruj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli tis\u00edc\u016f meteorolog\u016f a hydrolog\u016f na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed desetilet\u00ed se pronikav\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily ekonomick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi pohromami (t\u00fdk\u00e1 se to zejm\u00e9na tropick\u00fdch cyklon\u016f). Celkov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty vzrostly z \u010d\u00e1stky 3 a\u017e 4 miliard dolar\u016f za rok v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech a\u017e k hodnot\u011b 25\u201335 miliard dolar\u016f za rok po\u010d\u00e1tkem devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let. Av\u0161ak b\u011bhem t\u00e9 sam\u00e9 doby byly ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech v zem\u00edch s dobr\u00fdm v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem men\u0161\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem k dosa\u017een\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch jev\u016f a zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. V\u00a0Banglad\u00e9\u0161i si tropick\u00fd cyklon po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1994 vy\u017e\u00e1dal asi 200 \u017eivot\u016f, v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00edce ne\u017e 130 000 b\u011bhem podobn\u00e9ho cyklonu v roce 1991 a 300 000 v\u00a0roce 1970. v srpnu 1992 postihl ji\u017en\u00ed Floridu a \u010dasti Louisiany v USA hurik\u00e1n Andrew. \u0160kody na majetku byly odhadnuty asi na 25 miliard dolar\u016f, ale ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech \u010dinily pouze 23 osob.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed povodn\u011b, obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ni\u010div\u00e9, kdy\u017e jsou zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 tropick\u00fdmi cyklony. Mohou m\u00edt stejn\u011b pusto\u0161iv\u00e9 dopady, jsou-li spojen\u00e9 s monzunovou cirkulac\u00ed a mimotropick\u00fdmi tlakov\u00fdmi n\u00ed\u017eemi. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pohromy byly zp\u016fsobeny \u0159ekami a p\u0159ehradami, kter\u00e9 vystoupily z b\u0159eh\u016f. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je \u0159eka Jang-c&#8217;-tiang v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kde se b\u011bhem 15 let (1851\u20131866) utopily miliony lid\u00ed. V\u00a0letech 1980\u20131985 bylo na sv\u011bt\u011b zaznamen\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 160 velk\u00fdch povodn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch zahynulo nebo bylo zran\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e 120 000 lid\u00ed a kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily ztr\u00e1ty v hodnot\u011b 22 miliard dolar\u016f. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b byly katastrofick\u00e9 povodn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1ny v mnoha \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. \u0160kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 v roce 1993 z\u00e1topami Mississippi v USA byly odhadnuty na v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 miliard dolar\u016f. V\u00a0letech 1993 a 1994 postihly povodn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Afriky, Asie a Evropy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok byl u\u010din\u011bn v p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed drah torn\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jeden z nejni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch jev\u016f. Tyto jevy mohou zp\u016fsobit velkou pohromu ni\u010d\u00edc\u00ed prakticky v\u0161e, co jim stoj\u00ed v cest\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">NMHS tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni k\u00a0vyv\u00edjen\u00ed strategi\u00ed a vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00fdch v\u00fdstrah p\u0159ed hroz\u00edc\u00edm suchem. Centra monitoruj\u00edc\u00ed sucho na africk\u00e9m kontinentu (Nairobi a Harare) byla schopn\u00e1 poskytnout ve spolupr\u00e1ci s NMHS velice dobr\u00e9 informace o nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9m suchu, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo postihnout v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kontinentu v letech 1991\u20131993.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00daloha meteorolog\u016f v souvislosti s p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi pohromami, popsan\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161e, je dvoj\u00ed: p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt co nejp\u0159esn\u011bji m\u00edsto a s\u00edlu takov\u00e9ho jevu a poskytnout v\u010dasnou a u\u017eite\u010dnou v\u00fdstrahu a d\u00e1le pom\u00e1hat p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b pl\u00e1n\u016f na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f katastrofy a na p\u0159\u00edpravu na pohromu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ostatn\u00ed oblasti, kde NMHS pom\u00e1haj\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016fm p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho denn\u00edho \u017eivota, zahrnuj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, vodn\u00ed zdroje, energii, ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed a stavebnictv\u00ed, lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, monitoring zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu a vody, turistiku, rekreaci a dopravu. V\u0161echny druhy dopravy jsou citliv\u00e9 na po\u010das\u00ed: nejen leteck\u00e1 a lodn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 silni\u010dn\u00ed a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed doprava. Prudk\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b, led, sn\u00edh, mlha a z\u00e1plavy \u010dasto \u010din\u00ed pozemn\u00ed dopravu nebezpe\u010dnou. K minimalizaci n\u00e1sledk\u016f t\u011bchto ni\u010div\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch situac\u00ed jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b slu\u017eby pro ve\u0159ejnost nepostradateln\u00e9. Poskytovan\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed slu\u017eby v\u0161ak budou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 jedin\u011b tehdy, kdy\u017e jim ve\u0159ejnost bude schopna porozum\u011bt a bude v\u011bd\u011bt, jak je co nejl\u00e9pe vyu\u017e\u00edt. Proto je zna\u010dn\u00e1 pozornost v\u011bnov\u00e1na \u010dinnostem posiluj\u00edc\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti a komunikaci s ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvalitn\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch slu\u017eeb pro ve\u0159ejnost je velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 prezentace a distribuce informac\u00ed o po\u010das\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm. V tomto ohledu je pot\u0159eba zlep\u0161it odbornost t\u011bch, kdo jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto slu\u017eeb ve\u0159ejnosti. Meteorologov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed prezentuj\u00ed informace v televizi a rozhlase, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vy\u0161koleni tak aby slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm, byly dob\u0159e pochopiteln\u00e9 a m\u011bly pro ve\u0159ejnost cenu. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu SMO (WMO) poskytuje sv\u00fdm \u010dlen\u016fm relevantn\u00ed informace a p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky praktik a metodick\u00fdch n\u00e1vod\u016f pro co nejlep\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a komunika\u010dn\u00edch technik.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Leto\u0161n\u00ed oslavy Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost demonstrovat vl\u00e1d\u00e1m a ve\u0159ejnosti cenu slu\u017eeb poskytovan\u00fdch meteorology a hydrology p\u0159i ochran\u011b \u017eivot\u016f a majetku a podporov\u00e1n\u00ed trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje. Tito v\u011bci oddan\u00ed profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed vytrvale a ob\u011btav\u011b po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, aby st\u00e1le vylep\u0161ovali jak slu\u017eby ve\u0159ejnosti, tak i cenn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k\u00a0trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>(ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159eklad)<\/em><\/span><\/p><hr \/><div><p class=\"rtejustify\">\u00a0<\/p><h2 class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>SV\u011aTOV\u00dd METEOROLOGICK\u00dd DEN 1995 &#8211; SV\u011aTOV\u00dd DEN VODY 1995<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nabyt\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti \u00damluvy o Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 orga\u00adnizaci 23. b\u0159ezna 1950 se stalo historickou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed pro mete\u00adorology na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, pon\u011bvad\u017e t\u00edmto aktem byla p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b\u00adna d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 organizace, existuj\u00ed\u00adc\u00ed ji\u017e od roku 1873, na Sv\u011btovou meteorologickou organizaci. Od roku 1961 je 23. b\u0159ezen Sv\u011btov\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm dnem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 rada SMO ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vyb\u00edr\u00e1 t\u00e9ma pro oslavu Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne. Pro rok 1995 zvolila t\u00e9ma \u201eMeteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 informace pro ve\u0159ejnost&#8221;. D\u016fvodem pro tuto volbu je v\u00fdznam, kter\u00fd SMO p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1 poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed uveden\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch zejm\u00e9na na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti \u017eivot\u016f a majetku lid\u00ed a na dal\u0161\u00ed pro\u00adsp\u011bch ob\u010dan\u016f v souvislosti s atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm a hydrosf\u00e9rou.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN p\u0159ijalo na sv\u00e9m 47. zased\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1992 rezoluci, j\u00ed\u017e stanovilo 22. b\u0159ezen Sv\u011btov\u00fdm dnem vody. Pro jeho oslavu v roce 1995 bylo zvoleno t\u00e9ma \u201e\u017deny a voda&#8221;. Toto t\u00e9ma m\u00e1 p\u0159ipomenout nezastupitelnou \u00falohu \u017een p\u0159i spot\u0159eb\u011b vody v dom\u00e1cnostech a pos\u00edlit sou\u010dasn\u00fd nea\u00addekv\u00e1tn\u00ed vliv t\u00e9to soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny na pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spo\u00adt\u0159eby vody v m\u00edstn\u00edm nebo region\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na leto\u0161n\u00ed rok p\u0159ipad\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed, a to 50. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vzniku Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e1 je zast\u0159e\u00ad\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm org\u00e1nem \u0159ady odborn\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed i SMO.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">OSN v uplynul\u00fdch letech podstatn\u011b ovlivnila sv\u00fdmi akti\u00advitami zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed SMO zejm\u00e9na ve t\u0159ech oblastech. Prvn\u00ed z nich je ochrana p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde \u00fasil\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f vyvrcholilo uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm konference OSN o prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozvoji v Rio de Janeiru v roce 1992. P\u0159i t\u00e9to konferenci byly uzav\u0159eny r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 \u00famluvy o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b a biodiverzit\u011b a p\u0159ijata Agenda 21 (rozum\u00ed se 21. stolet\u00ed), kter\u00e1 konkretizu\u00adje n\u00e1pl\u0148 trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje p\u0159i respektov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sad ochrany prost\u0159ed\u00ed na cel\u00e9 Zemi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Druhou oblast\u00ed jsou aktivity sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k ochran\u011b ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e9 vy\u00fastily do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00famluvy zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pod n\u00e1zvem Montrealsk\u00fd protokol a do n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch \u00famluv, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je stanoven\u00ed a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed krit\u00e9rii pro omezov\u00e1n\u00ed atmo\u00adsf\u00e9rick\u00fdch emis\u00ed l\u00e1tek po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00edch ozonovou vrstvu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u0159et\u00ed oblast\u00ed je program omezov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch i antropogenn\u011b podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch katastrof. V\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nimi m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st obrovsk\u00e9 \u00faspory na majetku nebo i podstatn\u011b omezit ztr\u00e1ty na lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivotech. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se aktivn\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed na v\u0161ech t\u0159ech uveden\u00fdch oblastech.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Star\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st populace si jist\u011b vzpomene na doby, kdy p\u0159ed\u00adpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed pat\u0159ily mezi informace, kter\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnost brala s rezervou pro jejich malou spolehlivost. Meteorologov\u00e9 pat\u00ad\u0159ili mezi odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed nebudili stejnou d\u016fv\u011bru jako nap\u0159. astronomov\u00e9, geofyzici nebo z\u00e1stupci jin\u00fdch exaktn\u00edch v\u011bd. Tento fakt byl podm\u00edn\u011bn z\u00e1va\u017enou okolnost\u00ed specifickou pro na\u0161e obory. Oblasti \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi se meteoro\u00adlogie a operativn\u00ed hydrologie zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed, se tak \u00fazce dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jedince, \u017ee jak\u00e1koliv chyba nebo nep\u0159esnost neujde kontrole ve\u0159ejnosti. Odborn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce v t\u011bchto oborech je proto siln\u011b stimuluj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dnes je situace v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s obdob\u00edm p\u0159ed zhruba dva\u00adceti lety v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e1. Meteorologick\u00e9 dru\u017eice, radary, v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a rychl\u00e9 telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my nejen p\u0159etvo\u0159ily pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed na progresivn\u00ed v\u011bd\u00adn\u00ed discipl\u00ednu, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b prakticky odstranily ned\u016fv\u011bru ve\u0159ejnosti v jejich spolehlivost. Chyby, kter\u00e9 se dnes vysky\u00adtuj\u00ed v p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edch po\u010das\u00ed, jsou skute\u010dn\u011b jen ojedin\u011bl\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jak\u00fdmi jsou nap\u0159. hurik\u00e1ny, povodn\u011b, lij\u00e1ky nebo sucha, mohou v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohrozit v\u00fdsledky lidsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na libovoln\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b Zem\u011b. Proto rychl\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o t\u011bchto jevech m\u016f\u017ee lidem u\u0161et\u00ad\u0159it mnoho nep\u0159\u00edjemnost\u00ed i pen\u011bz.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed uveden\u00fdmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi jevy pat\u00ad\u0159\u00ed k hlavn\u00edm \u00fakol\u016fm hydrometeorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Tato \u010dinnost se op\u00edr\u00e1 o pozoro\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed konan\u00e1 ve 178 zem\u00edch na zhruba 20 tis\u00edc\u00edch pozorova\u00adc\u00edch stanic\u00edch na pevnin\u011b, mo\u0159i, ve voln\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e i v kos\u00admick\u00e9m prostoru. Zpr\u00e1vy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 do 31 region\u00e1ln\u00edch a 170 n\u00e1rodn\u00edch center, aby zde slou\u017eily jako podklady pro pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy a p\u0159edpov\u011bdi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V tropick\u00fdch oblastech, kde se pravideln\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed huri\u00adk\u00e1ny, je varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nimi neocenitelnou slu\u017ebou, kter\u00e1 pro\u00adkazateln\u011b sni\u017euje ztr\u00e1ty na lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivotech i na majetku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ne v\u0161ichni si v\u0161ak uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee tak\u00e9 ve stavebnictv\u00ed, doprav\u011b, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lesnictv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch sektorech jsou spo\u00adlehliv\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u00adnosn\u00e9. Jim Bru\u010de, p\u0159edseda kanadsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho klimatic\u00adk\u00e9ho programu, tvrd\u00ed: \u201eJsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee vl\u00e1dy v\u011bt\u0161iny zem\u00ed si neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, jak v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st informa\u010dn\u00ed infra\u00adstruktury, nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rozvoje i v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 ekonomi\u00adky, tyto slu\u017eby p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z 80 studi\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb zpracovan\u00fdch v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch v roce 1994 bylo odhadnuto, \u017ee vlo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1klad do t\u011bchto slu\u00ad\u017eeb vedl k patn\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobn\u00e9mu efektu v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m sektoru. P\u0159ehled proveden\u00fd ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed vedou v zemi k ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00faspo\u0159e jedn\u00e9 miliardy liber. Studie v USA zjistila v leteck\u00e9 doprav\u011b ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasporu ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u016fl miliardy dolar\u016f v d\u016fsledku vyu\u017eit\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u00ad\u017eeb. \u010c\u00edna odhadla efekt sv\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby na sedmn\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobek vlo\u017een\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zna\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e dlouhodob\u00fd v\u00fdzkum strato\u00adsf\u00e9ry k odhadu n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty Zem\u011b. Mnoho v\u011bdc\u016f varuje, \u017ee n\u00e1r\u016fst emis\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho a dal\u0161\u00edch tzv. sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch ply\u00adn\u016f do atmosf\u00e9ry povede v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch a stole\u00adt\u00edch k ni\u010div\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm pro lidstvo, faunu i floru.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Bohu\u017eel v\u00fdzvy v\u011bdc\u016f a ekolog\u016f k p\u0159ijet\u00ed r\u00e1zn\u00fdch opat\u0159e\u00adni k zastaven\u00ed r\u016fstu zemsk\u00e9 teploty zat\u00edm nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na politic\u00adk\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ochrana ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy, chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed zemsk\u00fd povrch p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdm ultrafialov\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, usm\u011br\u0148ovan\u00e1 v mnoha zem\u00edch p\u0159ijat\u00fdm Montrealsk\u00fdm protokolem, je pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou v ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V posledn\u00edch letech pozorujeme v\u0161ak i nad\u00e1le zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ky ozonov\u00e9 vrst\u00advy nad mnoha hust\u011b zalidn\u011bn\u00fdmi oblastmi, p\u0159esto\u017ee emise l\u00e1tek naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch ozonovou vrstvu v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm rozsahu ji\u017e kles\u00e1. Pokud by byl Montrealsk\u00fd protokol p\u0159esn\u011b dodr\u017een, lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty poklesu tlou\u0161\u0165ky ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy po\u010d\u00e1tkem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho stolet\u00ed a n\u00e1vrat do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu a\u017e ko\u00adlem poloviny 21. stolet\u00ed. S tak velkou setrva\u010dnost\u00ed bude prob\u00ed\u00adhat proces regenerace ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Technick\u00fd pokrok v meteorologii a hydrologii by m\u011bl vy\u00fastit ji\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho stolet\u00ed v uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed vize Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace o \u201epo\u010das\u00ed bez p\u0159ekvape\u00adn\u00ed&#8221;. Dm by m\u011bla b\u00fdt d\u00e1na u\u017eivatel\u016fm vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch informac\u00ed z\u00e1ruka, \u017ee nikdo z nich nebude zasko\u010den nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm po\u010da\u00ads\u00edm a ka\u017ed\u00fd bude m\u00edt \u010das na to, aby u\u010dinil v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k p\u0159e\u00addejit\u00ed ztr\u00e1t na \u017eivotech i k omezen\u00ed rizika po\u0161kozen\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed nebo majetku v d\u016fsledku nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch meteorologic\u00adk\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cesk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba se k t\u00e9to vizi hl\u00e1s\u00ed. Prak\u00adtick\u00fdm krokem je jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast p\u0159i v\u00fdstavb\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pro\u00adgn\u00f3zn\u00edho centra ve V\u00eddni, kter\u00e9 bude zpracov\u00e1vat p\u0159edpov\u011bdi pro tzv. omezen\u00e9 oblasti, jejich\u017e p\u0159esnost pro mal\u00e9 \u00fazemn\u00ed celky se proti sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu stavu zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed. V tomto postupu lze spat\u0159ovat pokrok p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed \u010dinnosti pro ve\u0159ejnost v nej\u00adbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O v\u00fdznamu vody jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky existence \u017eivota na Zemi nen\u00ed t\u0159eba p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed statistiky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee spot\u0159eba vody na hlavu a den se na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech Zem\u011b pohybuje v neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b velk\u00e9m rozp\u011bt\u00ed &#8211; od 10 do 600 litr\u016f. Snaha zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00edzkou spot\u0159ebu jako d\u016fsledek r\u016fstu \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee podle odbor\u00adn\u00fdch odhad\u016f vyvolat celosv\u011btov\u00fd nedostatek pitn\u00e9 vody ji\u017e na konci tohoto stolet\u00ed. Tento stav m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fsledkem trval\u00e9ho poklesu celkov\u00fdch vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdch z\u00e1sob pitn\u00e9 vody, k n\u011bmu\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017e od pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z tohoto d\u016fvodu m\u00e1 c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou kl\u00ed\u00ad\u010dov\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Sv\u011b\u0159it na tomto \u00faseku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravomoce \u017een\u00e1m, nen\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka. Jejich p\u0159\u00edstupy k hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou s ohledem na funkce v dom\u00e1cnosti a p\u0159i v\u00fdchov\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed by moh\u00adly b\u00fdt obecn\u011b racion\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edstupy mu\u017e\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Politick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, k nim\u017e v uplynul\u00fdch letech do\u0161lo, maj\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed odraz i v na\u0161ich oborech. N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve posky\u00adtovan\u00e9 slu\u017eby zanikly. Nap\u0159. agrometeorologick\u00e9 informace pro zem\u011bd\u011blskou velkov\u00fdrobu ztratily sv\u00e9 odb\u011bratele: Naopak s\u00edl\u00ed po\u017eadavky na regionalizaci a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed detailizaci na\u0161ich p\u0159ed\u00adpov\u011bd\u00ed a informac\u00ed, pro n\u011b\u017e nem\u00e1me ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech k dis\u00adpozici pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 podklady.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Princip komercializace meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologic\u00adk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00fd se dnes uplat\u0148uje i v zem\u00edch s ekonomika\u00admi transformuj\u00edc\u00edmi se na tr\u017en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161e\u00adn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f na specializaci slu\u017eeb pro u\u017eivatele z r\u016fzn\u00fdch sektor\u016f, jako nap\u0159. ze zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, dopravy, atd., ov\u0161em za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edjemci informac\u00ed n\u00e1m budou ochotni uhradit n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s poskytnut\u00edm po\u017eadovan\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby. Komercializace vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 v infrastruktu\u0159e na\u0161ich obor\u016f z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bny d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postu\u00adp\u016f i p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f a ani styk s na\u0161imi odb\u011brateli neprob\u00edh\u00e1 bez pro\u00adbl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159i zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdch a meteorolo\u00adgick\u00fdch informac\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti sehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed \u00falohu, bez n\u00ed\u017e by se funkce na\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby stala proble\u00admatickou. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee dosavadn\u00ed dobr\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce potrv\u00e1 a bude se i d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tato informace byla zpracov\u00e1na pro tiskovou konferenci \u010cHM\u00da, kter\u00e1 se uskute\u010dnila 22. 3. 1995.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Bo\u0159ivoj Sob\u00ed\u0161ek, MZ 1995\/3, ro\u010dn\u00edk 48, str. 94-95<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31846fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31846fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7673f59\" data-id=\"7673f59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33fb9b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33fb9b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1994<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97fa7b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97fa7b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cfc80d2\" data-id=\"cfc80d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4740a34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4740a34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><h2><strong>POZOROV\u00c1N\u00cd PO\u010cAS\u00cd A PODNEB\u00cd<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>(Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 1994)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jako ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b je 23. b\u0159ezna oslavov\u00e1n Sv\u011btov\u00fd me\u00adteorologick\u00fd den. Pro leto\u0161n\u00ed rok bylo vybr\u00e1no heslo \u201ePo\u00adzorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed&#8221; (Observing Weather and Cli\u00admate). Tematick\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed bylo motivov\u00e1no vyzn\u011bn\u00edm Sv\u011b\u00adtov\u00e9 konference o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozvoji, kter\u00e1 se ko\u00adnala v Riu de Janeiru v roce 1992. Toto t\u00e9ma umo\u017e\u0148uje vyzdvihnout kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb p\u0159i podpo\u0159e trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho roz\u00advoje na Zemi. K tomu je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu mo\u00adnitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho poznat a p\u0159edv\u00eddat stav \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm a glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b existuje v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku okolo 9000 pozemn\u00edch pozorovac\u00edch stanic a 7000 dobrovolnick\u00fdch stanic na mo\u0159i. V\u011bt\u0161ina z t\u011bchto stanic prov\u00e1d\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stavu po\u010das\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159i hodiny. N\u011bkter\u00e9 sta\u00adnice prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed i velmi specializovan\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; nap\u0159. sond\u00e1\u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstev ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, teploty a vlhkosti vzduchu a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161ky 30 km apod. V posledn\u00edch t\u0159iceti letech zaznamenaly velk\u00fd pokrok meteorologick\u00e9 dru\u00ad\u017eice a automatick\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed spo\u00adlehliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje o pohybu vzduchov\u00fdch hmot (obla\u010dnosti), podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch teplotn\u00edho zvrstven\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a jeho vlhkosti, teplot\u011b mo\u0159e a pevniny a sn\u011bhov\u00e9 a ledov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvce.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tato pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdzy denn\u00edho stavu po\u010das\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148u\u00adj\u00ed pochopit i stav podneb\u00ed a jeho prom\u011bnlivost a v n\u00e1vaznos\u00adti p\u0159ij\u00edmat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed (nap\u0159. proti hroz\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm katastrof\u00e1m, jako jsou po\u00advodn\u011b, sucha, ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00dakolem hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb je m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vody a zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edch zm\u011bn jako jedn\u00e9 z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slo\u017eek \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed Zem\u011b. Na sv\u011bt\u011b existuje na \u0159ek\u00e1ch cel\u00adkem 60 000 vodom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic, kter\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed jejich vodn\u00ed stav a pr\u016ftoky; st\u00e1le v\u0161ak na mnoha d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fadaje je\u0161t\u011b chyb\u00ed. Tato s\u00ed\u0165 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 prvky, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro lep\u0161\u00ed pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed proces\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Uveden\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu v\u0161ak neposkytuj\u00ed v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje klimatu v minulosti i p\u0159edpov\u011bdi budouc\u00edch zm\u011bn. Tento d\u016fvod vedl Sv\u011btovou meteorologickou organizaci k zalo\u017een\u00ed n\u011bkolika program\u016f a projekt\u016f sledov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed &#8211; nap\u0159. Sv\u011b\u00adtov\u00e9ho pozorovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (angl. GOS), Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kli\u00admatick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho programu (WCRP) a Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kli\u00admatick\u00e9ho programu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho v roce 1979 (WCP). (V r\u00e1mci N\u00e1rodn\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho programu \u010cSFR, resp. \u010cR, bylo vyd\u00e1no ji\u017e 12 samostatn\u00fdch publikac\u00ed.) Sv\u011btov\u00fd kli\u00admatick\u00fd program je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed program podporuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnost Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu (IPCC). V roce 1992 byl je\u0161t\u011b zalo\u017een Sv\u011btov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd pozoro\u00advac\u00ed syst\u00e9m (GCOS), specifikovan\u00fd pro oce\u00e1ny (GOOS) a zemsk\u00fd povrch (GTOS).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 znepokojen\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b i m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry. Jde o zm\u011bny vyvolan\u00e9 z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed s pr\u016fvodn\u00edmi projevy, jako jsou kysel\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b, toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, ten\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se ozonov\u00e1 vrstva a sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u00fdto nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 projevy p\u0159\u00edmo ohro\u017euj\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, vodn\u00ed zdroje, produkci potravin, ohro\u017euj\u00ed ve\u0161kerou faunu a fl\u00f3ru na Zemi. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed uveden\u00fdch zm\u011bn jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 k zachycen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9\u00adho stavu a stanoven\u00ed trend\u016f a pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdch dopad\u016f zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek i opat\u0159en\u00ed vedouc\u00edch k zlep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na tyto negativn\u00ed projevy reagovala Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteoro\u00adlogick\u00e1 organizace vytvo\u0159en\u00edm dvou dlouholet\u00fdch program\u016f &#8211; Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ozonu (GOjOS) a S\u00edt\u011b moni\u00adtorov\u00e1n\u00ed poza\u010fov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed (BAPMoN).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed v\u0161echny uveden\u00e9 aktivity slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k stanoven\u00ed a realizaci program\u016f trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd &#8211; Marta Pe\u0159inov\u00e1, MZ 1994\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 47, str. 24-25<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><div class=\"links\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bba4cb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bba4cb3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5a00f8\" data-id=\"e5a00f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4858b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c4858b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1992<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-25209b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"25209b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2313744\" data-id=\"2313744\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0eb254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0eb254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><h2><strong>METEOROLOGICK\u00c9 A KLIMATOLOGICK\u00c9 SLU\u017dBY PRO TRVALE UDR\u017dITELN\u00dd ROZVOJ<\/strong><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>(Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 1992)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dvacet let po konferenci o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka (Stockholm) uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 OSN letos v \u010dervnu konferenci o \u017ei\u00advotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozvoji (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development &#8211; UNCED). Podle rezoluce Valn\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN \u010d. 44\/228 m\u00e1. UNCED vypra\u00adcovat strategie a postupy k zastaven\u00ed a odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed vliv\u016f degradace \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a v kontextu s rostouc\u00edm n\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00edm a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm \u00fasil\u00edm podpo\u0159it trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fd a ekologicky zdrav\u00fd rozvoj v\u0161ech zem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bdecky podlo\u017een\u00e9ho trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho roz\u00advoje nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 bez vyu\u017eit\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch a klimato\u00adlogick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, naopak, zde mus\u00ed uveden\u00e9 slu\u017eby hr\u00e1t \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00falohu. Proto se posl\u00e1n\u00ed UNCED odrazilo i ve v\u00fdb\u011bru hesla pro leto\u0161n\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den 23. 3. 1992: Meteorologick\u00e9 a klimatologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro trvale udr\u017ei\u00adteln\u00fd rozvoj.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">PROBL\u00c9MY P\u0158ELOM\u016e STOLET\u00cd<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 komise pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozvoj v\u00fdrazem trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj rozum\u00ed \u201erozvoj, kter\u00fd se vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s pot\u0159ebami sou\u010dasnosti, ani\u017e by naru\u0161oval mo\u017enosti p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch generac\u00ed uspokojovat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159eby&#8221;. Dosa\u017een\u00ed tako\u00adv\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje je \u00fakol nejen nemal\u00fd, ale i neodkladn\u00fd. P\u0159i ot\u00e1len\u00ed by p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace ji\u017e takov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti nem\u011bla.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O z\u00e1va\u017enosti tohoto prioritn\u00edho probl\u00e9mu existence lidstva byly naps\u00e1ny stovky \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v odborn\u00fdch a popu\u00adl\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dasopisech. Popularizace bylo mo\u017en\u00e1 tolik, \u017ee pod\u00adstatu varov\u00e1n\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1me jen jako kulisu a za hlavn\u00ed pokl\u00e1\u00add\u00e1me oby\u010dejn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 starosti v\u0161edn\u00edho dne. To by nebylo dobr\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fd\u010det hlavn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f pro oblast Evropsk\u00e9 hospo\u00add\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise (\u201ebohat\u00fd sever&#8221;) uv\u00e1d\u00ed Ministersk\u00e1 deklarace z Bergenu (16. 5. 1990, odst. I. 5.):<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne\u0161n\u00ed destrukce biosf\u00e9ry a jejich ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, degra\u00addace \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, popula\u010dn\u00ed tlaky, vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1m zdroj\u016f a \u00fabytek druh\u016f ohro\u017euj\u00ed kvalitu \u017eivota lid\u00ed stejn\u011b jako jejich zdrav\u00ed a mnoh\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Trvale neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby v\u00fdroby a spot\u0159eby zejm\u00e9na v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch ze\u00adm\u00edch jsou u ko\u0159ene \u010detn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a v\u00fdznamn\u011b omezuj\u00ed mo\u017enosti pro p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace vy\u010derp\u00e1\u00adn\u00edm z\u00e1kladny zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V posledn\u00edch letech vl\u00e1dy v\u011bt\u0161iny zem\u00ed pochopily, \u017ee nelze \u010dekat a \u017ee je nutn\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 akce v\u0161ech st\u00e1t\u016f. Jsme tak\u00e9 sv\u011bdky d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch pozitivn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Emise SO<sub>2<\/sub> v roz\u00advinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch klesaj\u00ed, konvence o oxidech dus\u00edku, ochra\u00adn\u011b oz\u00f3nov\u00e9 vrstvy a o ochran\u011b oce\u00e1n\u016f a vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed prvn\u00ed ovoce. Jde v\u0161ak jen o prvn\u00ed kr\u016f\u010dky, rozho\u00adduj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1s teprve \u010dek\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pod\u00edvejme se o\u010dima jednadvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed jen na jeden, na\u0161\u00ed profesi&#8217; bl\u00edzk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad &#8211; hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s energi\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed probl\u00e9my ods\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, redukce oxid\u016f dus\u00edku atp. n\u00e1s ji\u017e net\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, zn\u00e1me technologie aplikovateln\u00e9 za ceny \u010dasto ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u0161kody. Hlavn\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1. Podle me\u00adzivl\u00e1dn\u00edho panelu pro zm\u011bny klimatu je neprodlenn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho o 60 % podm\u00ednkou stabilizace koncentrac\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 to dramatick\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159eby fosiln\u00edch paliv, kter\u00e9 dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 80 % z\u00e1sobo\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b. P\u0159itom technologie potla\u010den\u00ed emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> nejsou zat\u00edm v dohledu, jde o podstatu ho\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159i postupu \u201ebusiness as usually&#8221; by po\u017eadavky na energii do roku 2020 vzrostly o t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny a odchod od fosiln\u00edch paliv nen\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed n\u011bkolika let. Cestou p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b \u00fasporn\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s energi\u00ed snad bude mo\u017eno dos\u00e1hnout, aby kolem roku 2020 byla sv\u011btov\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie jen na dne\u0161n\u00ed \u00farovni. V rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch v\u0161ak nutn\u011b vzroste, v pr\u016f\u00admyslov\u00fdch zem\u00edch proto mus\u00ed klesnout Mo\u017en\u00e9 to je, dne\u0161n\u00ed r\u016fst n\u00e1rodn\u00edho d\u016fchodu v nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch se ode\u00adhr\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i stagnaci spot\u0159eby. Stejn\u011b ale ani p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b \u00faspor\u00adn\u00e9m hospoda\u0159en\u00ed nedos\u00e1hneme pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nutn\u00fd je p\u0159echod ke strategii pln\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed obnovi\u00adteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie, ani to v\u0161ak nesta\u010d\u00ed. Z\u00e1konit\u011b tedy \u010dasem p\u0159ejdeme od dne\u0161n\u00ed ekonomicky motivovan\u00e9 mini\u00admalizace spot\u0159eby na kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdrobek &#8211; co\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u011b u n\u00e1s znamen\u00e1 nemal\u00e9 rezervy &#8211; k ekologicky motivovan\u00e9 mini\u00admalizaci spot\u0159eby energie na jeden lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot&#8221;. Zm\u011bna to v dob\u011b, kdy u n\u00e1s mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 tou\u017e\u00ed po bohat\u00e9 konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, jist\u011b nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00edtan\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">KDE M\u016e\u017dE POMOCI METEOROLOGIE A KLIMATO\u00adLOGIE<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jsou to dva druhy ot\u00e1zek; m\u016f\u017eeme pomoci p\u0159i ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159isp\u011bt k trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rozvoji ekonomiky. V prv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jde o v\u011bdeck\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a po\u00adzorov\u00e1n\u00ed, o informace o ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a o studium a pochopen\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch d\u011bj\u016f. Pod\u00edl meteorolog\u016f v monitoringu kva\u00adlity ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a monitoringu atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch d\u011bj\u016f a klimatu v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku je \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m ze str\u00e1nek MZ. Nem\u011bli bychom zapom\u00ednat na \u00fa\u010dast v komplexn\u011bji ch\u00e1pan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech monitoringu, kde ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje vstupy nebo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 a \u010dasto limitu\u00adj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky jev\u016f a d\u011bj\u016f v jin\u00fdch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch prost\u0159ed\u00ed (mo\u00adnitoring vody, les\u016f, biomonitoring atp.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b &#8211; p\u0159isp\u011bt k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu ekono\u00admick\u00e9mu rozvoji, se poznatky meteorolog\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u011b uplat\u00adn\u00ed v hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodn\u00edmi zdroji, v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lesnictv\u00ed, v\u00fdrob\u011b a spot\u0159eb\u011b energie i v omezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch ka\u00adtastrof. Mo\u017enosti jsou nemal\u00e9, jen operativn\u00ed informace me\u00adteorolog\u016f pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed vedle r\u016fstu produkce mohou nejm\u00e9n\u011b o 20 % sn\u00ed\u017eit ztr\u00e1ty vlivem nep\u0159\u00edm\u011b po\u010das\u00ed \u010di cho\u00adrobami rostlin. Tak\u00e9 v\u00fdhledov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti netradi\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u016f energie jsou slibn\u00e9, i kdy\u017e jejich pod\u00edl je dnes relativn\u011b mal\u00fd: ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku nap\u0159. pro vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed modern\u00edho rodinn\u00e9ho domku spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed na 1 m plochy asi osmkr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b energie, ne\u017e je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br v s\u00eddli\u0161ti. Motivace je tedy nesporn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00c1VRHY SMO PRO CHARTU ZEM\u011a A AGENDU 21<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na konferenci UNCED v Braz\u00edlii by m\u011bly b\u00fdt posouzeny dva v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 dokumenty, Charta Zem\u011b (jist\u00fd kodex pr\u00e1va na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed) a Agenda 21 (co by m\u011blo platit v XXI. stolet\u00ed). SMO p\u0159edlo\u017eila k ob\u011bma dokument\u016fm n\u00e1vrhy, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z hlediska meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a kter\u00e9 sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem orientuj\u00ed i \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed aktivity \u010dlen\u016f SMO. Je\u00adjich v\u00fd\u010det uv\u00e1d\u00edm heslovit\u011b, vlastn\u011b jen n\u00e1zvem a nezbytn\u00fd\u00admi vysv\u011btlivkami.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00c1SADY PRO CHARTU ZEM\u011a<\/span><\/p><ol><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality glob\u00e1ln\u00edho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry a oce\u00e1n\u016f. (V\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo na zaru\u010denou kvalitu \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00fdch slo\u017eek&#8221; \u017ei\u00advotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b atmosf\u00e9ry a oce\u00e1n\u016f a m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo p\u0159\u00edstupu k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm informac\u00edm o stavu t\u011bchto zdroj\u016f a jejich zm\u011bn\u00e1ch prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm adekv\u00e1tn\u00edho monito\u00adringu a n\u00e1vazn\u00fdch studi\u00ed.)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivota a majetku p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi pohromami. (V\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo na p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou \u00farove\u0148 ochra\u00adny \u017eivota a majetku p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi pohromami a jin\u00fdm ohro\u017een\u00edm jejich bezpe\u010dnosti a proto mus\u00ed m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo na v\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed pohromami a na vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u00adslu\u0161n\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm vody. (V\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo p\u0159\u00edstupu k pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm sladk\u00e9 vody, v dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed i kvalit\u011b, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho trva\u00adle udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm t\u011bchto zdroj\u016f, zalo\u017een\u00fdm na v\u011b\u00adrohodn\u00fdch informac\u00edch z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00fdch ze soustavn\u00e9ho po\u00adzorov\u00e1n\u00ed a hodnocen\u00ed jak na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, tak i na mezin\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00ed \u00farovni.)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravy. (V\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed m\u00edt pr\u00e1vo na za\u00adji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 potravy cestou trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lesnictv\u00ed, rybolovu, vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy a s nimi spojen\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. Trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bude spo\u010d\u00edvat v \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch varovn\u00fdch a informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, vhodn\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a v uchov\u00e1n\u00ed biologick\u00e9 diversity.)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00c1VRHY PRO AGENDU 21:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Svobodn\u00e1 a neomezen\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna dat a informac\u00ed o \u017eivot\u00adn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pos\u00edlen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. (St\u00e1ty by m\u011bly podporovat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9, hydrologick\u00e9, oce\u00e1nografick\u00e9 a geo\u00adfyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed instituce tak, aby byly schopny realizovat p\u0159\u00ed\u00adslu\u0161n\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku i p\u0159isp\u00edvat k m\u011b\u00ad\u0159en\u00ed v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku glob\u00e1ln\u00edm.)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rozvoj syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zm\u011bn \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pozn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v cel\u00e9 jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159i. (St\u00e1ty a p\u0159\u00ed\u00adslu\u0161n\u00e9 instituce by m\u011bly cestou systematick\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch program\u016f pozn\u00e1vat komplexn\u00ed vztahy mezi slo\u017ekami \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b cykl\u016f vody, energie a r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prioritn\u00ed oblasti v\u00fdzkumu. (Prioritu by m\u011bl m\u00edt v\u00fdzkum chov\u00e1n\u00ed a reakc\u00ed slo\u017eek p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vlivem lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pos\u00edlen\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch aktivit v pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumu.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Partnerstv\u00ed instituc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozvoje. (V pod\u00adstat\u011b jde o rovnocenn\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed na rozd\u00edl od dne\u0161n\u00ed nad\u00ad\u0159azenosti instituc\u00ed \u010dist\u011b ekonomick\u00e9ho rozvoje.)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1vrhy jsou zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 z mnoha hledisek, t\u0159eba i z hle\u00addiska pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed komercionalizace a obav n\u011bkter\u00fdch za\u00adsv\u011bcen\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f z jej\u00edho negativn\u00edho vlivu t\u0159eba i na funkci Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Snad jen dva z\u00e1v\u011bry bychom si v meteorologick\u00e9 obci m\u011bli znovu uv\u011bdomit:<\/span><\/p><ol><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">M\u011bli bychom se aktivn\u011b pod\u00edlet na \u00fakolech, kter\u00e9 mete\u00adorologii p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">M\u011bli bychom b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveni &#8211; proto\u017ee profesn\u011b mus\u00edme v\u011bd\u011bt, o\u010d jde &#8211; na v\u00fdzvu nejmlad\u0161\u00ed generace a odep\u0159\u00edt si leccos z vymo\u017eenost\u00ed civilizace, i kdy\u017e na to budeme m\u00edt. S takovou nal\u00e9havou v\u00fdzvou se na n\u00e1s brzo obr\u00e1t\u00ed &#8211; zm\u011bna v p\u0159\u00edstupu je pro ni vskutku \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Bed\u0159ich B\u00f6hm, MZ 1992\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 45, str. 33-34<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-83faff5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"83faff5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a35a6a0\" data-id=\"a35a6a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c645eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c645eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1991<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-02a2ed6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"02a2ed6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9674f1f\" data-id=\"9674f1f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f29007e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f29007e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><strong>Atmosf\u00e9ra \u017eiv\u00e9 planety Zem\u011b<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na leto\u0161n\u00ed sv\u00e1tek meteorolog\u016f \u2013 23. b\u0159ezen \u2013 vyhl\u00e1sila Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO) heslo \u201eAtmosf\u00e9ra \u017eiv\u00e9 planety Zem\u011b\u201c. Ano \u201eAtmosf\u00e9ra je tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed planety a vypov\u00edd\u00e1 n\u00e1m stejn\u011b jako na\u0161e tv\u00e1\u0159e \u2013 o jej\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm stavu, tedy i o tom, zda je \u017eiv\u00e1 \u010di mrtv\u00e1. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed mrtv\u00e9 planety Mars a Venu\u0161e tvo\u0159\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u011b i chemicky neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed pozad\u00ed, proti n\u011bmu\u017e \u017eiv\u00e1 planeta Zem\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jako saf\u00edr\u201c (J. Lovelock). \u010clov\u011bk zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a tedy i atmosf\u00e9ru. Tyto z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 a bez \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 kontroly nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny vedly SMO k\u00a0v\u00fdb\u011bru hesla pro leto\u0161n\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ve stru\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed sv\u00e1tku nelze ani vyjmenovat v\u0161echny vlivy a jejich d\u016fsledky. Proto rad\u011bji uvedu jen n\u011bkter\u00e1 fakta a \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e1 si n\u011bkdy pln\u011b neuv\u011bdomujeme. Tyto argumenty uv\u00e1d\u00edm s\u00a0v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee statistick\u00e9 \u00fadaje bez v\u00fdkladu a koment\u00e1\u0159e jsou zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed a mohou v\u00e9st k\u00a0nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm interpretac\u00edm. Jde mi v\u0161ak o podn\u011bty k\u00a0hlub\u0161\u00edmu zamy\u0161len\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Pro\u010d se atmosf\u00e9ra m\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1. Po\u010det obyvatel v\u00a018. stolet\u00ed nedos\u00e1hl miliardy, v\u00a0roce 1960 n\u00e1s bylo 3 miliardy, koncem stolet\u00ed n\u00e1s bude 6 miliard<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba vzr\u016fst\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u011b o celou ro\u010dn\u00ed evropskou produkci z\u00a0t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">3. Za posledn\u00edch 100 let bylo kultivov\u00e1no v\u00edce p\u016fdy ne\u017e za celou p\u0159edchoz\u00ed historii.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">4. Od roku 1940 do roku 1980 se zdvojn\u00e1sobila spot\u0159eba vody s\u00a0do roku 2000 se znovu zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">5. Ro\u010dn\u011b dnes spot\u0159ebujeme t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce fosiln\u00edch paliv ne\u017e v\u00a0roce 1900.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Jak se atmosf\u00e9ra m\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1. Od poloviny 18. stolet\u00ed vzrostlo mno\u017estv\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho o dobrou \u010dtvrtinu, n\u00e1r\u016fst ostatn\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f (O<sub>3<\/sub>, CH<sub>4<\/sub>, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, CFCS \u2013 bez vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry) z\u00a0hlediska radia\u010dn\u00edho efektu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 asi polovin\u011b n\u00e1r\u016fstu CO2. Pokud bychom nezas\u00e1hli, obsah CO<sub>2<\/sub> by se v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho stolet\u00ed zdvojn\u00e1sobil. Hrozba velik\u00e9ho oteplen\u00ed m\u00e1 tedy sv\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2. U mnoha toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek jsou antropogenn\u00ed zdroje dnes vydatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u2013 u olova 17,5 x, u kadmia 7,6 x, u m\u011bdi 1,8 x, u niklu 2,2 x, u zinku 2,9 x a u arz\u00e9nu 2,2 x.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">3. D\u00e9\u0161\u0165 je v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch oblastech (i u n\u00e1s) zat\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b \u010dty\u0159icetkr\u00e1t kyselej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed (ph = 4) \u2013 tady v\u0161ak jsou ji\u017e patrn\u00e9 pozitivn\u00ed vlivy spole\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">4. Jsou d\u016fvodn\u00e9 obavy, \u017ee vedle ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn geochemick\u00fdch cykl\u016f n\u011bkter\u00fdch prvk\u016f i zm\u011bny hydrologick\u00e9ho cyklu p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed \u2013 v\u00a0d\u016fsledku odlesn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0tropech \u2013 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou d\u016fsledky<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dopady zm\u011bn se citliv\u011b dotknou snad v\u0161ech obor\u016f lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a podstatn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot. Uvedu proto jen \u010d\u00e1st spektra \u201evelk\u00fdch\u201c probl\u00e9m\u016f, plynouc\u00edch pouze z\u00a0o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplen\u00ed. Odborn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce z\u00a0aplikac\u00ed na \u010cSFR jsou p\u0159ipraveny k\u00a0publikac\u00edm v\u00a0MZ:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry zm\u011bn\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed aridita dne\u0161n\u00edho p\u00e1sma obil\u00ed spolu s\u00a0posunem vhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pro jeho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159ek sv\u011btov\u00fd trh potravina jak\u00e1 bude nov\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha?<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">stanou se tropy a subtropy nep\u0159ijateln\u011b hork\u00e9 pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci a jak to ovlivn\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed turistiku?<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">nepovede \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tropick\u00fdch chorob sm\u011brem k\u00a0p\u00f3l\u016fm k\u00a0z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm epidemi\u00edm?<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">jak se vyrovn\u00e1me se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f?<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">sta\u010d\u00edme zajistit dostatek vody pro obyvatelstvo a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed?<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u017edy\u0165 r\u016fst teploty vzduchu o 1 a\u017e 2 \u00b0C s\u00a0m\u00edrn\u00fdm \u00fabytkem sr\u00e1\u017eek m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edch odtok\u016f na polovinu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A to \u00famysln\u011b vynech\u00e1v\u00e1m vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my typu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pou\u0161t\u00ed \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hladiny oce\u00e1n\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Co m\u00e1me d\u011blat<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nesm\u00ed j\u00edt jen o konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu, ale o odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010di sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch dopad\u016f a nalezen\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edho zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota ve zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0na\u0161ich \u00fakol\u016f je sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a progn\u00f3zov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn atmosf\u00e9ry a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed sf\u00e9ru. Jist\u011b i proto SMO k\u00a0dosavadn\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm p\u0159ipojila v\u00a0roce 1989 nov\u00fd projekt Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW). S\u00a0hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem i obsahem byli \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i MZ sezn\u00e1meni, zopakujme zde jen v\u00fdzvu, aby meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby v\u011bnovaly chemick\u00fdm a dal\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm stejnou pozornost, jako klasick\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Meteorologov\u00e9 jist\u011b mus\u00ed upozor\u0148ovat, sami v\u0161ak nic nezmohou. Praktick\u00e9 kroky mus\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u0161echny vl\u00e1dy a v\u0161echna odv\u011btv\u00ed. Ani zde nejsme \u00fapln\u011b na za\u010d\u00e1tku. Byla p\u0159ijata konvence o zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm hranice st\u00e1t\u016f (1979), dohoda o mo\u0159\u00edch (1982), konvence o ochran\u011b ozonov\u00e9 vrstvy (1985) a je p\u0159ipojena konvence o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. A zde je n\u00e1\u0161 druh\u00fd n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakol \u2013 pod\u00edlet se na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a projekt\u016f dal\u0161\u00edho rozvoje, aby byly odborn\u011b fundovan\u00e9 a by na\u0161e planeta opravdu z\u016fstala \u017eivou a zdravou.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Bed\u0159ich B<\/em><em>\u00f6hm, MZ 1991\/1, ro\u010dn\u00ed 44, str. 30<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7075e04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7075e04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-20e8b3d\" data-id=\"20e8b3d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a766d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a766d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1990<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44cb8b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44cb8b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0725d8\" data-id=\"d0725d8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a5e01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30a5e01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den (SMD)<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den se slav\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b dne 23. b\u0159ezna. Tento den byl zvolen proto, \u017ee k\u00a0jeho datu vstoupilo v\u00a0platnost ustaven\u00ed nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed odborn\u00e9 organizace OSN, Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (SMO), kter\u00e1 nahradila dosavadn\u00ed nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologickou organizaci, vzniklou na v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9m kongresu v\u00a0roce 1873.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0roce 1947 byla od 4. srpna do 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed svol\u00e1na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 konference deseti technick\u00fdch komis\u00ed do Toronta v\u00a0Kanad\u011b a v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti potom a\u017e do 12. \u0159\u00edjna 1947 do Washingtonu v\u00a0USA, konference \u0159editel\u016f meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Z\u00a0\u010ceskoslovenska byla vysl\u00e1na delegace St\u00e1tn\u00edho meteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu ve slo\u017een\u00ed (v\u011bdeck\u00e9 tituly podle tehdej\u0161\u00edho stavu): doc. Dr. Alois Gregor, vedouc\u00ed delegace, prof. Dr. Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Kon\u010dek a Dr. Anton\u00edn Veseck\u00fd, \u010dlenov\u00e9 delegace. Startovali 17. srpna \u010dty\u0159motorov\u00fdm Constellationem z\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9ho leti\u0161t\u011b p\u0159es Shanon a Gander nejd\u0159\u00edve do Toronta a po skon\u010den\u00ed tamn\u00ed konference se p\u0159esunuli na konferenci do Washingtonu, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala 22. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1947. \u0158editel\u00e9 meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb podepsali ve Washingtonu konvenci o ustaven\u00ed SMO, ke kter\u00e9 se je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00ed lh\u016ft\u011b 120 dn\u00ed p\u0159ipojily dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b, v\u00a0celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu 42. \u010ceskoslovensko sv\u00fdm podpisem na t\u00e9to konferenci bylo mezi prvn\u00edmi signat\u00e1\u0159i. T\u00edm v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b SMO nebyla ustavena. Podle legislativn\u00edch pravidel bylo nutn\u00e9, aby smlouva nabyla pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moci ratifikac\u00ed vl\u00e1dami p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a teprve po schv\u00e1len\u00ed 30. st\u00e1tem a po 30denn\u00ed lh\u016ft\u011b, mohla b\u00fdt slavnostn\u011b vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena SMO. Ne\u017e se dostala tato ot\u00e1zka na po\u0159ad jedn\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch vl\u00e1d, uplynula pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e1 doba. Prvn\u00ed ratifikoval konvenci Island, a to 16. ledna 1948. \u010ceskoslovensko bylo v\u00a0po\u0159ad\u00ed dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 dnem 26. \u010dervna 1949. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd 30. st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd konvenci ratifikoval, byl Ir\u00e1k dne 21. \u00fanora 1950. Od tohoto data b\u011b\u017eela lh\u016fta 30 dn\u00ed, tak\u017ee SMO vznikla de jure i de facto dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1950. Proto 23. b\u0159ezen byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en jako Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den. Prvn\u00edm gener\u00e1ln\u00edm sekret\u00e1\u0159em SMO se stal p\u016fvodn\u011b pra\u017esk\u00fd meteorolog Dr. G. Swoboda. Potom prob\u00edhaly dal\u0161\u00ed ratifikace a byly p\u0159ijaty t\u00e9\u017e nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, p\u0159\u00edp. teritoria. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je to 156 st\u00e1t\u016f a p\u011bt teritori\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed, ned\u00e1vno vznikl\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ijat do SMO, je Antigua a Barbuda, dnem 16. listopadu 1988. Z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee 23. b\u0159ezen 1990 je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, proto\u017ee od zalo\u017een\u00ed SMO uplynulo 40. rok\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Oslavy Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1990 jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na \u201eOmezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof: Jak mohou pomoci meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby\u201c. T\u00e9ma bylo zvoleno proto, \u017ee z\u00e1chrana lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 vlivem po\u010das\u00ed, bylo v\u017edy v\u00a0cel\u00e9 historii SMO v\u00a0pop\u0159ed\u00ed jej\u00edho z\u00e1jmu. V\u00e1\u017enost t\u00e9matu byla potvrzena OSN, kter\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1sila mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed 1990\u20131999, desetilet\u00edm omezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof (IDNDR), kde bude hr\u00e1t SMO vedouc\u00ed \u00falohu. Zde by m\u011bly v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty sv\u011bta, v\u0161echny odborn\u00e9 agendy spojit sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a postavit se proti p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm d\u011bj\u016fm, jako jsou bou\u0159e, z\u00e1plavy, zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, extr\u00e9mn\u00ed sucha a sna\u017eit se o jejich v\u010dasnou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f, kdy\u017e u\u017e jim nelze zcela p\u0159edej\u00edt. Nap\u0159. v\u00a0USA a v\u00a0Japonsku ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech vlivem tropick\u00fdch cykl\u00f3n a z\u00e1plav byly radik\u00e1ln\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eeny pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdte\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Stalo se, \u017ee bylo mo\u017eno v\u010das p\u0159esunout automobily, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159ectvo a mobiln\u00ed majetek z\u00a0ohro\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. \u00a0Na Jamajce, kde bylo p\u016fl mili\u00f3nu dom\u016f ohro\u017eeno nebo zni\u010deno hurik\u00e1nem Gilbert v\u00a0roce 1988, byly ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech omezeny jen na n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek lid\u00ed, d\u00edky vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi a d\u00edky v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edho sucha v\u00a0Sahelu pomohl program AGRHYMET SMO\/UNEP, kde odborn\u00e9 instrukt\u00e1\u017ee redukovaly zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Rovn\u011b\u017e Sv\u011btov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd program umo\u017enil pomoc\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed ur\u010dit oblasti sucha nebo de\u0161\u0165\u016f, a tak mohlo b\u00fdt zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159edstihu upozorn\u011bno na o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Bohu\u017eel, znalost techniky, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje ztr\u00e1ty, nen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v\u00a0mal\u00fdch zem\u00edch sv\u011bta. T\u00e9\u017e je nezbytn\u00e1 region\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 je nap\u0159. v\u00a0p\u011bti region\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdborech SMO p\u0159i tropick\u00fdch cykl\u00f3nech.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro\u010d byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dek\u00e1da omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof? Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy zp\u016fsobily b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch dvaceti let na sv\u011bt\u011b ztr\u00e1ty asi t\u0159\u00ed mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed a negativn\u011b ovlivnily dal\u0161\u00edch 800 mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed. Tropick\u00e9 cykl\u00f3ny, jako hurik\u00e1ny a tajfuny a dal\u0161\u00ed vich\u0159ice, zp\u016fsobily ro\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru \u0161kody na majetku asi za 2 miliardy dolar\u016f. Sucha zase maj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd negativn\u00ed dopad zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0Africe, kde ovlivnily \u017eivoty mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy neznaj\u00ed politick\u00fdch hranic. Nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obranou proti nim je \u0161irok\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed preven\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed sekret\u00e1\u0159 SMO vytvo\u0159il ad hoc skupinu expert\u016f, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 po ukon\u010den\u00ed dek\u00e1dy proti p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm katastrof\u00e1m p\u0159ipravit zpr\u00e1vu na 44. zased\u00e1n\u00ed OSN. Ve skupin\u011b je 25 v\u011bdc\u016f a specialist\u016f pod veden\u00edm N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie v\u011bd USA. Mezi nimi je zastoupeno i \u010ceskoslovensko.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro p\u0159edstavu lze uv\u00e9st i n\u011bkter\u00e9 ilustrativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady katastrof z\u00a0posledn\u00ed doby. Jednou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hurik\u00e1n Gilbert (1988), jeden z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00a0tomto stolet\u00ed, jeho\u017e intenzita v\u011btru p\u0159es 300 km\/h v\u00a0Karibsk\u00e9 oblasti, kudy pro\u0161el, ni\u010dila v\u0161e, co mu st\u00e1lo v\u00a0cest\u011b. V\u00a0\u010dervnu 1988 byly v\u00a0Banglad\u00e9\u0161i obrovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy, kde byly t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny zem\u011b zatopeny a v\u00edce ne\u017e 1500 lid\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161lo o \u017eivot a 45 mili\u00f3n\u016f utrp\u011blo \u0161kody. Lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch povodn\u00ed mohly v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0integrovan\u00fdm rozhodovac\u00edm programem, v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady. V\u00a0t\u00e9\u017ee zemi v\u00a0roce 1988 tropick\u00fd cykl\u00f3n zpusto\u0161il pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblast, kde z\u016fstalo 2000 mrtv\u00fdch lid\u00ed a 2,5 mili\u00f3nu bez p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159esto jsou to \u010d\u00edsla proti rok\u016fm 1985 a 1970 podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Tehdy 11\u00a0000 a 300\u00a0000 lid\u00ed. V\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu se poda\u0159ilo aspo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st obyvatelstva evakuovat. P\u0159\u00edkladem nemeteorologick\u00e9 katastrofy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vra\u017eedn\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed 7. prosince 1988 v\u00a0Arm\u00e9nii, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch, a bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty dos\u00e1hly 8,5 miliardy rubl\u016f. Bohu\u017eel, p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed nemeteorologick\u00fdch jev\u016f nedos\u00e1hlo dosud stavu v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00e9ho praktick\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mnoh\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 jevy lze p\u0159edpov\u00eddat, ale jejich p\u0159esnost a \u010dasov\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed jsou st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b neuspokojiv\u00e9. V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech se v\u0161ak p\u0159ece jejich p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ilo, zejm\u00e9na monitorov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010das\u00ed, vyu\u017eit\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdch dru\u017eic a jin\u00e9 d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 techniky, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdvoje numerick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed. Nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed pochopen\u00ed interak\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f atmosf\u00e9ra\u2013oce\u00e1n otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0tropech. Nutno konstatovat, \u017ee i telekomunikace hraj\u00ed v\u00fdzna\u010dnou roli p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod vlivem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jev\u016f. A pat\u0159\u00ed sem rovn\u011b\u017e televize, rozhlas, noviny apod.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dinnost\u00ed SMO, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vztah k\u00a0IDNDR je napojena na Sv\u011btovou slu\u017ebu po\u010das\u00ed (WWW), na hydrologii a vodn\u00ed zdroje a na Sv\u011btov\u00fd klimatick\u00fd program (WCP). Meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1pomocny p\u0159i v\u0161em, co zp\u016fsobuje i nemeteorologick\u00e9 katastrofy. P\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1rech lesn\u00edch porost\u016f je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 informace o v\u011btru a vlhkosti. P\u0159i \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hmyzu, nap\u0159. kobylek, jsou to atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed jejich v\u00fdskyt a sm\u011br a pohybu. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i dal\u0161\u00edho hmyzu a v\u00fdtrus\u016f a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch post\u0159ik\u016f proti nim. P\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed mnoh\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u010din\u00ed spole\u010dnost po destrukc\u00edch, na n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed i na naru\u0161en\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch vodn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech jsou v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem zplodiny, a\u0165 ji\u017e p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed nebo antropogenn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1hle dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do atmosf\u00e9ry a ohro\u017euj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a \u017eivoty lid\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklady lze uv\u00e9zt hav\u00e1rie v\u00a0Bop\u00e1lu a v\u00a0\u010cernobylu, kdy bylo evakuovat tis\u00edce lid\u00ed ze zasa\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, d\u00e1le erupce sopek (Sv. Helena, USA aj.). Oblaka zplodin jsou rozn\u00e1\u0161ena od zdroj\u016f v\u011btrem v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch hladin\u00e1ch atmosf\u00e9ry do velk\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed. Tak nap\u0159. podle sm\u011bru a rychlosti v\u011btru lze uva\u017eovat o zasa\u017een\u00ed oblast\u00ed i o stupni koncentrac\u00ed v\u00a0prostorov\u00e9m a \u010dasov\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu. Nap\u0159. nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 hav\u00e1rie ob\u0159\u00edch tanker\u016f na oce\u00e1nech, u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed i havarijn\u00ed v\u00fdtoky chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek kanaliza\u010dn\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi do vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, do zdroj\u016f podzemn\u00edch vos apod.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO provedla zkou\u0161ku operativn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed telekomunika\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu WWW s\u00a0fiktivn\u00ed vlo\u017eenou zpr\u00e1vou o jadern\u00e9 hav\u00e1rii. Byla p\u0159ijata v\u011bt\u0161inou velk\u00fdch center ji\u017e b\u011bhem p\u011bti a\u017e \u0161esti minut a v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed SMO byla informov\u00e1na do p\u016fl hodiny. Tento telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m lze vyu\u017e\u00edt i k\u00a0informaci o seismologick\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Co tedy je nutno d\u011blat, aby se co nejv\u00edce omezil negativn\u00ed vliv t\u011bchto katastrof? Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm \u00fakolem SMO je vytvo\u0159it mechanismus, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b by jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b SMO byly schopn\u00e9 samostatn\u011b rozhodovat o standardech, k\u00f3dech a o \u00farovni v\u00fdm\u011bny dat, kter\u00e1 by jim pomohla. SMO mus\u00ed d\u00e1le zkoordinovat informa\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed u\u017eivatelskou sf\u00e9ru.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">C\u00edlem SMO a jejich \u010dlen\u016f b\u011bhem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho desetilet\u00ed omezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof mus\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u00e1ruka, aby koncem roku 1999 mohly v\u0161echny zem\u011b ve sv\u00fdch oblastech vyd\u00e1vat v\u010dasn\u00e9 a fundovan\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jev\u016f a operativn\u011b vyklizovat z\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho zasa\u017een\u00ed v\u0161e \u017eiv\u00e9 i mobiln\u00ed majetek a sna\u017eit se stabilizovat imobiln\u00ed stavby a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Okam\u017eit\u011b a fundovan\u011b zasahovat a likvidovat katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00faniky \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tek jak do vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, tak do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Otto \u0160ebek, MZ 1990\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 43, str. 47 a 64<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6d1f51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6d1f51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85f3cfe\" data-id=\"85f3cfe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f5b2cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f5b2cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1989<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6202722 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6202722\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c75067e\" data-id=\"c75067e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7d02c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7d02c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><h2><strong>SV\u011aTOV\u00dd METEOROLOGICK\u00dd DEN 1989 \u2014 METEOROLOGIE SLOU\u017d\u00cd LETECTVU<\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den se slav\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd rok 23. b\u0159ezna od roku 1961, aby se p\u0159ipomenul 23. b\u0159ezen 1950, den a rok, kdy vstoupila v platnost konvence, kter\u00e1 potvrdila vznik mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorolo\u00adgick\u00e9 organizace, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00edm existovala od roku 1873 jako nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodni meteorologick\u00e1 organizace. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok jsou oslavy tohoto v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho dne v\u011bnov\u00e1ny n\u011bkter\u00e9mu specifick\u00e9mu aspektu me\u00adteorologie. Leto\u0161n\u00ed heslo pro 23. b\u0159ezna 1989 pro Sv\u011b\u00adtov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den zn\u00ed: Meteorologie slou\u017e\u00ed le\u00adtectvu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Plynn\u00e1 vrstva, kter\u00e1 obklopuje Zemi, p\u0159edstavuje pouze miliontou \u010d\u00e1st celkov\u00e9 hmoty planety. P\u0159esto m\u00e1 vysokou d\u016fle\u017eitost, bez n\u00ed by nebyly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 formy \u017eivota, bez atmosf\u00e9ry by byla Zem\u011b mrtvou planetou. Devades\u00e1t p\u011bt procent celkov\u00e9 vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 hmoty je v nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch 20 km atmosf\u00e9ry. Tato tenk\u00e1 vrstva je dom\u00e9\u00adnou meteorologie a t\u00e9\u017e letectva. Je m\u00edstem, kde se tvo\u0159\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a kde je leteck\u00fd provoz. Dobr\u00e1 znalost atmosf\u00e9ry je nezbytn\u00e1 pro ob\u011b slo\u017eky. Nyn\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 let hraje meteorologie d\u016fle\u017eitou \u00falohu v za\u00adji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed leteck\u00e9ho provozu. I kdy\u017e lze v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bt lety za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, je letectvo st\u00e1le velmi citliv\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di po\u010das\u00ed. Pohotov\u00e9 a podrobn\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 informace slou\u017e\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu a ekonomick\u00e9mu l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Leteck\u00e1 meteorologie, jedna z mnoh\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, se vyvinula ve sv\u011btov\u00fd syst\u00e9m mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed i n\u00e1rodn\u00ed podpory civiln\u00edho le\u00adtectva a hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v ka\u017ed\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a eko\u00adnomick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Nejd\u0159\u00edve to byla za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u201eleh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e vzduch&#8221;, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila lety \u010dlov\u011bka. Vzpome\u0148me ve Francii Josefa a Etienna Montgolfiera, kte\u0159\u00ed v bal\u00f3nu s hork\u00fdm vzduchem vzl\u00e9tli v roce 1783. Pozd\u011bji za\u010dalo obdob\u00ed stroj\u016f t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e vzduch, jako aeropl\u00e1nu Otty Lilienthala v N\u011bmecku v prosinci 1903 a brat\u0159\u00ed Wright\u016f v USA. U n\u00e1s bylo t\u00e9\u017e n\u011bkolik nad\u0161enc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed brzy za\u010dali s uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdmi i d\u00e1lkov\u00fdmi lety a proto nem\u016f\u017eeme nevzpomenout na\u0161ich slavn\u00fdch aviatik\u016f Ing. Jana Ka\u0161para, Ev\u017eena Cih\u00e1ka, Jana \u010cer\u00adm\u00e1ka i Bo\u017eeny L\u00e1glerov\u00e9. Nechceme br\u00e1t prvenstv\u00ed letu Montgolfier\u016fm, ale dnes se nehovo\u0159\u00ed pouze o slavn\u00e9m, i kdy\u017e s tragick\u00fdm koncem, b\u00e1jn\u00e9m letu Daidala a Ikara, ale i o tom, \u017ee Indi\u00e1ni v Ji\u017en\u00ed Ame\u00adrice ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem pou\u017e\u00edvali k l\u00e9\u00adt\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ebal\u00f3ny&#8221; pln\u011bn\u00e9 hork\u00fdm vzduchem. V na\u0161\u00ed vlasti se bal\u00f3nov\u00fdmi lety proslavili H\u016flka, Wandas a mnoz\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lid\u00e9 brzy poznali, \u017ee po\u010das\u00ed je v\u011bt\u0161inou vrtkav\u00e9, za\u010dali ho sledovat a pozvolna se za\u010dali i br\u00e1nit ne\u00adp\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a postupn\u011b i po\u010das\u00ed za\u010dali vyu\u017e\u00edvat. Jeho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a pozd\u011bji i p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017enila vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e1 tech\u00adnika a vznik n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, nap\u0159. v N\u011bmecku 1847, v Rakousku 1851, v Anglii, Portugalsku a v Nizozem\u00ed 1854, ve Francii 1855, v USA 1870 a u n\u00e1s ihned po vzniku samostatn\u00e9 \u010cSR po roce 1918. S p\u0159\u00edchodem 20. stolet\u00ed se ohl\u00e1silo jako nov\u00fd z\u00e1\u00adkazn\u00edk meteorologie letectvo. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku leteck\u00fd pro\u00advoz na primitivn\u00edch stroj\u00edch \u010dasto boj s po\u010das\u00edm pro\u00adhr\u00e1val. Nap\u0159. v USA tak zvan\u00e1 \u201epo\u0161tovn\u00ed letadla&#8221; havarovala v 89 p\u0159\u00edpadech a zahynulo 19 pilot\u016f. Tak se zjistilo, \u017ee informace o po\u010das\u00ed b\u011bhem letu a p\u0159i p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli pro bezpe\u010dnost let\u016f. Le\u00adtadla v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi l\u00e9tala pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzko, a proto byl z\u00e1jem o po\u010das\u00ed hlavn\u011b z ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch hladin ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Ply\u00adnem pln\u011bn\u00e9 bal\u00f3ny otev\u0159ely novou cestu (p\u0159ed t\u00edm to ji\u017e bylo pou\u017eit\u00ed upoutan\u00fdch drak\u016f) pro v\u00fdzkum po\u010das\u00ed ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch hladin\u00e1ch. Tak nap\u0159. Angli\u010dan Ja\u00admes Glanisher uskute\u010dnil sv\u00e9 legend\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdstupy v letech 1862\u20141866 a vystoupil a\u017e do 8700 m. A pro\u00adto\u017ee v t\u00e9to v\u00fd\u0161i je tlak vzduchu proti tlaku u hladiny mo\u0159e jen asi t\u0159etinov\u00fd, odv\u00e1\u017elivec t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zahynul. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9ho v\u011btru pomoc\u00ed un\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch bal\u00f3n\u016f a teodolitu zavedl Viktor Kremser v roce 1890. Infor\u00admace o \u00fadaj\u00edch z v\u00fd\u0161ek byly k dispozici, a\u017e kdy\u017e bal\u00f3n s p\u0159\u00edstroji p\u0159ist\u00e1l na zemi a byl nalezen. Podle v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch v\u00fdstup\u016f poznal Assmann a Teisserenc de Bort, \u017ee atmosf\u00e9ra m\u00e1 r\u016fznou teplotn\u00ed strukturu a od v\u00fd\u0161e asi 11 km ji\u017e teplota s v\u00fd\u0161kou neub\u00fdvala a hla\u00addina byla nazv\u00e1na stratosf\u00e9rou. To bylo v roce 1902, rok p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se vzneslo prvn\u00ed motorov\u00e9 letadlo. Po roce 1844, po zaveden\u00ed telegrafu, bylo mo\u017eno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed z\u00edskat sou\u010dasn\u00e9 informace o po\u010das\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch, od sebe vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch m\u00edst. V roce 1856 byla vytvo\u0159ena d\u00edky Francii v Evrop\u011b telegrafn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, spe\u00adcializovan\u00e1 na p\u0159enos informac\u00ed o po\u010das\u00ed. Tak vznikla mo\u017enost sestavit aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed mapu. Podn\u011bt k tomu dala n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed katastrofa, zni\u010den\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu lod\u00ed Anglie a Francie v krymsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, v roce 1856.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K\u0159ehk\u00e1 letadla v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch letectva byla neoby\u010dej\u00adn\u011b citliv\u00e1 na pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Byly pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace a p\u0159edpov\u011bdi o rychlosti a sm\u011bru v\u011btru i o jeho n\u00e1razech, o turbulenci, dohlednosti, sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch a obla\u010dnosti. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byla meteorologie daleka toho, aby mohla v\u0161echny tyto po\u017eadavky splnit. S postu\u00adpem let zaznamenala meteorologie velk\u00fd krok kup\u0159e\u00addu, ruku v ruce s v\u00fdvojem letectva. Ji\u017e \u0161est rok\u016f po prvn\u00edm motorov\u00e9m letu, v roce 1909 na motorov\u00e9m letadle p\u0159elet\u011bl Louis Bl\u00e9riot kan\u00e1l La Manche z Calais do Doveru. Necel\u00fdch deset rok\u016f po Bl\u00e9riotov\u011b p\u0159eletu John Alcot a Arthur Whitt p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed Atlan\u00adtsk\u00fd oce\u00e1n z Nov\u00e9ho Foundlandu do Irska, tj. 3902 km za 16 hodin a 28 minut. (V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b l\u00e9t\u00e1 denn\u011b ze Severn\u00ed Ameriky do Evropy 2700 spoj\u016f.) Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka p\u0159isp\u011bla k v\u00fdvoji letectva, ale je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik let pot\u00e9 mohly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny lety jen za p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 viditelnosti zem\u011b (mo\u0159e) a a\u017e pozd\u011bji v\u00fdvoj p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 techniky umo\u017enil lety i v obla\u010dnosti (bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 viditelnosti povrchu). V\u00fdhoda nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f se prok\u00e1zala p\u0159i Lindberghov\u011b letu v roce 1927 z New Yorku do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. Od roku 1925 byla letadla vybavo\u00adv\u00e1na primitivn\u00edm r\u00e1diem. V dob\u011b mezi ob\u011bma sv\u011bto\u00adv\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami byly t\u00e9\u017e slavn\u00e9 lety sov\u011btsk\u00fdch letc\u016f, vzpome\u0148me aspo\u0148 \u010ckalova, kter\u00fd p\u0159elet\u011bl p\u0159es p\u00f3l ze SSSR do Ameriky. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se za\u010dala t\u00e9\u017e stav\u011bt letadla kovov\u00e1 s kovov\u00fdmi vrtulemi. P\u0159\u00edkladem t\u00e9to technologie byl nap\u0159. typ Douglas DC-3, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil je\u0161t\u011b \u0159adu let po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce jako spolehliv\u00fd stroj \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fdch aerolini\u00ed. Mimochodem \u010cesko\u00adslovensko bylo jako jeden z m\u00e1la st\u00e1t\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed 2. sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou vyr\u00e1b\u011blo sv\u00e1 letadla a v t\u00e9to tradici pokra\u010duje dodnes.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pokrok v letech v obla\u010dnosti p\u0159inesl jeden negativn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd jev ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed intenzit\u011b, a to n\u00e1mrazu, kter\u00e1 zhor\u0161ovala aerodynamick\u00e9 vlastnosti letadel, zvy\u0161ovala jejich v\u00e1hu, redukovala stoupavost atp. N\u00e1mraza byla v\u017edy probl\u00e9mem, i kdy\u017e po mechanic\u00adk\u00fdch odmr\u0161\u0165ova\u010d\u00edch nastoupilo vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch hran. V Norsku v roce 1914, ale s dokon\u010den\u00edm a\u017e po v\u00e1lce v roce 1919 byla vypracov\u00e1na nauka o stude\u00adn\u00fdch a tepl\u00fdch front\u00e1ch, vznikla tzv. norsk\u00e1 \u0161ko\u00adla. Tento nov\u00fd objev m\u011bl velkou d\u016fle\u017eitost pro letec\u00adk\u00fd provoz. (Aplikac\u00ed norsk\u00e9 \u0161koly se u n\u00e1s zaslou\u017eil univerzitn\u00ed profesor meteorologie S. Hanzl\u00edk.) Letadla dosahovala st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fd\u0161ek a rozvoj aerologick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f umo\u017enil informace z t\u011bchto hladin. Jedn\u00edm z proslaven\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f byla aerologick\u00e1 sonda so\u00adv\u011btsk\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka Mol\u010danova, jej\u00ed\u017e principy plat\u00ed dodnes. V sou\u010dasnosti prov\u00e1d\u00ed sond\u00e1\u017e vysok\u00fdch hla\u00addin atmosf\u00e9ry pravideln\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 1600 aerologick\u00fdch stanic na sv\u011bt\u011b. U n\u00e1s to jsou dv\u011b stanice: v Praze-Libu\u0161i a v Popradu-G\u00e1novc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po zaveden\u00ed aerologick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se naskytla p\u0159\u00ed\u00adle\u017eitost vyd\u00e1vat p\u0159edpov\u011bdi v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9ho v\u011btru a teplot pro letadla, za p\u0159edpokladu pravideln\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny dat. Co\u017e se tak\u00e9 stalo. Ji\u017e ne\u00advl\u00e1dn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 organizace (IMO) v roce 1919 ustavila Komisi meteorologick\u00fdch apli\u00adkac\u00ed pro leteckou dopravu. Po vytvo\u0159en\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 me\u00adteorologick\u00e9 organizace byla ustavena celosv\u011btov\u00e1 Komise pro leteckou meteorologii (CAeM), kdy\u017e ji\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00edm byla vytvo\u0159ena v roce 1947 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed civiln\u00ed leteck\u00e1 organizace (ICAO).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nov\u00fd p\u0159elom v zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed leteck\u00e9ho provozu nastal, kdy\u017e se za\u010dala v doprav\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat proudov\u00e1 a po\u00adzd\u011bji i supersonick\u00e1 letadla, kter\u00e1 l\u00e9tala ji\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u011b ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch 7\u201411 km i v\u00fd\u0161e s rychlostmi kolem 1000 km za hodinu i v\u00edce. Zde je nutno p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee jako jeden z m\u00e1la st\u00e1t\u016f po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce za\u010dala na\u0161e republika pravidelnou leteckou dopravu, tak i v roce 1956 jako jeden z m\u00e1la st\u00e1t\u016f sv\u011bta za\u010dala po\u00adu\u017e\u00edvat v civiln\u00ed leteck\u00e9 doprav\u011b sov\u011btsk\u00fd proudov\u00fd letoun TU-104. Nov\u00e9 modifikace t\u011bchto letoun\u016f l\u00e9taj\u00ed na pravideln\u00fdch link\u00e1ch CSA k pln\u00e9 spokojenosti do dne\u0161n\u00edch \u010das\u016f. V nov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch musely i aero\u00adlogick\u00e9 sondy z\u00edsk\u00e1vat informace z t\u011bchto v\u00fd\u0161ek a dosahovaly a\u017e v\u00fd\u0161ky 30 km. Ji\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00edm byly meteo\u00adrologick\u00e9 informace z radar\u016f, kter\u00e9 doplnily klasick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a byly z\u00e1sadn\u00edm pomocn\u00edkem p\u0159i aerolo\u00adgick\u00e9 sond\u00e1\u017ei. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se aplikuj\u00ed sn\u00edmky z dru\u017eic, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed pohled na meteorologickou situaci nad pevninou i oce\u00e1nem, co\u017e ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee tam je po\u010det stanic podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na pevnin\u011b. Vstup po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f do meteorologie umo\u017enil \u201emodelov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed&#8221;, tj. p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed, kter\u00e9 markantn\u011b vylep\u0161ily p\u0159esnost informac\u00ed dod\u00e1van\u00fdch leteck\u00e9mu provozu, nejen pro krat\u0161\u00ed, ale i pro zaoce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 lety, pro lety mezi kontinenty, p\u0159es p\u00f3l apod. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se leteck\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi net\u00fdkaj\u00ed jen dopravn\u00edho letectva, ale i letadel vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a jinde. Rov\u00adn\u011b\u017e po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a automatika pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byla nasazena na p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00edch a vzletov\u00fdch dr\u00e1h\u00e1ch le\u00adti\u0161\u0165, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed f\u00e1ze a startu letadel. P\u016fvodn\u00ed radiotelegrafick\u00e1 technika p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v, byla ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u0159ed 35 lety v meteorologii postupn\u011b nahrazena d\u00e1lnopisy a radiod\u00e1lnopisy, po\u00adzd\u011bji p\u0159es po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou techniku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na\u0161e leteck\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba byla vytvo\u0159ena na solidn\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u011b ji\u017e po vzniku na\u0161\u00ed republiky po roce 1918. Jej\u00ed velk\u00fd rozvoj za\u010dal v roce 1937, kdy bylo otev\u0159eno nov\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b v Praze-Ruzyni, ale ji\u017e v prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed 1939 vlivem okupace byl v\u00fdvoj na\u0161\u00ed leteck\u00e9 a synoptick\u00e9 slu\u017eby p\u0159eru\u0161en a\u017e do roku 1945. Po roce 1945 se obnovily a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily slu\u017eby leteck\u00e9 meteorologie na v\u0161ech leti\u0161t\u00edch, a to jmenovit\u011b v Praze, Bratislav\u011b, Brn\u011b, Ostrav\u011b, Slia\u010di, Popradu, Ko\u0161ic\u00edch, ale i jinde, jako v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011b\u00adjovic\u00edch, v Liberci, Hole\u0161ov\u011b, v \u017dilin\u011b, Lu\u010denci, byly pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny informace i na plachta\u0159sk\u00fdch leti\u0161t\u00edch a krom\u011b toho existovala i vojensk\u00e1 leteck\u00e1 meteorolo\u00adgick\u00e1 slo\u017eka. V \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech do\u0161lo k \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 redukci dopravy \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fdch aerolini\u00ed a t\u00edm byl na n\u011bkter\u00fdch leti\u0161t\u00edch provoz omezen, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zcela vylou\u010den. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 odborn\u00e1 i laick\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost z\u00edskala mo\u017enost sezn\u00e1mit se s leteckou meteorologi\u00ed nejen v cizojazy\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edru\u010dk\u00e1ch, ale i v publikac\u00edch vydan\u00fdch na\u0161imi \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdmi autory. Ji\u017e v p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m \u010cSR vy\u0161la Leteck\u00e1 meteorologie G. Swobody, tehdej\u0161\u00edho pracovn\u00edka St\u00e1tn\u00edho meteorolo\u00adgick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho sekret\u00e1\u0159e Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po celou dobu existence leteck\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby m\u016f\u017eeme konstatovat, \u017ee spolupr\u00e1ce mezi \u010des\u00adkoslovensk\u00fdm i ciz\u00edm l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edm person\u00e1lem a zabez\u00adpe\u010dovac\u00edmi slo\u017ekami nebyla jen form\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00adsk\u00e1 a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b autoritativn\u00ed. Lze si jen p\u0159\u00e1t, aby tomu bylo tak i nad\u00e1le, aby se nejen rozv\u00edjel tech\u00adnick\u00fd pokrok u slo\u017eky leteck\u00e9 i meteorologick\u00e9, ale aby z\u016fstala i vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra, jak v n\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00edm, tak i v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku u v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch slo\u017eek a t\u00e9\u017e mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi, jako jsou WMO a ICAO. T\u00e9ma Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9\u00adho dne bude komentov\u00e1no stru\u010dnou formou i v na\u00ad\u0161em a celosv\u011btov\u00e9m denn\u00edm tisku, n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vy\u00addaj\u00ed i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9 po\u0161tovn\u00ed zn\u00e1mky (co\u017e bohu\u017eel se v na\u0161em st\u00e1t\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nestalo).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Toto stru\u010dn\u00e9 bilancov\u00e1n\u00ed a zamy\u0161len\u00ed umo\u017enilo t\u00e9ma leto\u0161n\u00edho Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne, kter\u00e9 je spojovac\u00edm mostem meteorologie a letectva.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Otto \u0160ebek, MZ 1989\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 42, str. 27-28<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb0a841 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb0a841\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52baf7d\" data-id=\"52baf7d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f2b82a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f2b82a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1981<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1ac0c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1ac0c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-753e992\" data-id=\"753e992\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ad43b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37ad43b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>SV\u011aTOV\u00dd METEOROLOGICK\u00dd DEN 1981<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Meteorologov\u00e9 na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b si ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed 23. b\u0159ezen jako sv\u016fj sv\u00e1tek. P\u0159ed 31 lety, 23. b\u0159ezna 1950 nabyla platnost Dohoda o sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci a t\u00edm byl polo\u017een z\u00e1klad pro pravidelnou ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed popula\u00adriza\u010dn\u00ed kampa\u0148 tohoto oboru.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace vyhla\u0161uje p\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00ed\u00adle\u017eitosti hesla vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdznam pr\u00e1ce meteorolog\u016f pro spole\u010dnost, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho rozvoje tohoto v\u011bdn\u00edho oboru. Pro leto\u0161n\u00ed rok bylo vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno heslo \u201eSv\u011btov\u00e1 slu\u017eba po\u010das\u00ed jako prost\u0159edek rozvoje&#8221;.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vznik Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, kter\u00e1 je speciali\u00adzovanou organizac\u00ed p\u0159i OSN, byl podm\u00edn\u011bn skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v oboru meteorologie je nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem existence a rozvoje tohoto oboru. Meteorologie se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 studiem po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed, jeho p\u016fsoben\u00edm na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozvoj v\u0161ech odv\u011btv\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159\u00adstv\u00ed, a tento p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u00fakaz nelze omezit hranicemi jednotli\u00adv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Meteorologov\u00e9 u n\u00e1s pro b\u011b\u017en\u00fd rozbor denn\u00ed po\u00adv\u011btrnostn\u00ed situace pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed a pravideln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed data me\u00adteorologick\u00fdch stanic le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch na \u00fazem\u00ed mezi Uralem, v\u00fdchod\u00adn\u00edmi b\u0159ehy Severn\u00ed Ameriky, severn\u00ed Afriky a Gr\u00f3nskem. Pro vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi na 3 dny mus\u00ed b\u00fdt k dispozici data z meteorologick\u00fdch stanic cel\u00e9 severn\u00ed polokoule, a to nejen z p\u0159izemn\u00ed vrstvy, ale i do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch z\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tato situace vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed proto nutnost koordinovan\u00e9 mezin\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce na \u00faseku v\u00fdm\u011bny meteorologick\u00fdch infor\u00admac\u00ed, jejich z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010ceskoslovensko jako jeden z 22 zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 orga\u00adnizace pracuje aktivn\u011b v t\u00e9to organizaci i dnes. \u010clenstv\u00ed \u010cSSR vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav v \u010cSR a HM\u00da v Bratislav\u011b pro SSR, funkci st\u00e1l\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce \u010cSSR ve Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizaci pak \u0159editel \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu v Praze.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 slu\u017eba po\u010das\u00ed je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, krom\u011b Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho programu, nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed a nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed projekt mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd Sv\u011btovou me\u00adteorologickou organizac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 slu\u017eba po\u010das\u00ed je celosv\u011btov\u00fdm meteorologick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem koordinovan\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a slu\u017eeb, provozovan\u00fd jednotliv\u00fdmi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, a podporovan\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je dos\u00e1hnout toho, aby v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty m\u011bly k dispozici meteorologick\u00e9 informace pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro operativn\u00ed i v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 slu\u017eba po\u010das\u00ed zah\u00e1jila svou \u010dinnost v roce 1968. Dnes je v jej\u00edm syst\u00e9mu pro z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat zapojeno 9300 p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch a 850 aerologick\u00fdch stanic, 524 radiolok\u00e1tor\u016f, 230 p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edch st\u0159edisek sign\u00e1l\u016f meteoro\u00adlogick\u00fdch dru\u017eic, 102 stanic pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho pro\u00adst\u0159ed\u00ed a 950 radia\u010dn\u00edch stanic. 22 zem\u00ed udr\u017euje v provozu nebo pl\u00e1nuje instalaci automatick\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch sta\u00adnic na oce\u00e1nech, jejich\u017e \u00fadaje jsou soust\u0159e\u010fov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed dru\u017eic. Syst\u00e9my meteorologick\u00fdch dru\u017eic na pol\u00e1rn\u00edch a geo\u00adstacion\u00e1rn\u00edch drah\u00e1ch dopl\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b datovou z\u00e1kladnu tohoto syst\u00e9mu, do n\u00ed\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 pos\u00e1dkami dopravn\u00edch letadel. Druh\u00fd syst\u00e9m Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed pro p\u0159enos dat pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st zemsk\u00e9ho po\u00advrchu. Tvo\u0159\u00ed jej 3 sv\u011btov\u00e1, 29 region\u00e1ln\u00edch a 147 n\u00e1rodn\u00edch telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch center. Po p\u0159enosov\u00fdch okruz\u00edch tohoto syst\u00e9mu proch\u00e1z\u00ed des\u00edtky mili\u00f3n\u016f znak\u016f denn\u011b. Obdobn\u00fd po\u010det center je zapojen i v t\u0159et\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed, ur\u010den\u00e9m ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch dat.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cSSR je zapojena do v\u0161ech t\u0159\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed. Krom\u011b 5 p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edch a 2 aerologick\u00fdch stanic Hydrometeorologick\u00e9 \u00fastavy zabezpe\u010duj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed provoz 3 radiolok\u00e1tor\u016f, 4 radia\u010dn\u00edch a 2 moni\u00adtorovac\u00edch stanic \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do syst\u00e9mu pro p\u0159enos dat je v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem \u010cSSR Region\u00e1ln\u00ed telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed centrum v Praze, kter\u00e9 je \u010dl\u00e1n\u00adkem na hlavn\u00edm spojovac\u00edm okruhu Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed a spojuje Offenbach, Moskvu, V\u00edde\u0148, Budape\u0161\u0165, Sofii a Postupim. Samo\u010dinn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v Praze a Bratislav\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed tech\u00adnologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad N\u00e1rodn\u00edho meteorologick\u00e9ho centra pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat v \u010cSSR.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Snahou v\u0161ech meteorolog\u016f v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je zvy\u0161ovat kvalitu meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed pro jejich lep\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Vedle tra\u00addi\u010dn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na po\u010das\u00ed a na meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00edch, jako je doprava (leteck\u00e1, silni\u010dn\u00ed, lodn\u00ed a \u017eelez\u00adni\u010dn\u00ed), p\u0159istupuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9: stavebnictv\u00ed, ze\u00adm\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (v nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b rozvoj zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho letectv\u00ed), vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, ochrana \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, odv\u011btv\u00ed paliv a energetiky a dal\u0161\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podle \u00fadaj\u016f \u0159ady n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb p\u0159i\u00adn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kvalitn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed proka\u00adzateln\u00e9 efekty n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed. V \u010cSSR se tento ekonomick\u00fd efekt odhaduje \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b na n\u011b\u00adkolik set mili\u00f3n\u016f korun ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kvalita operativn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 informace je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na optim\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed. Tato slu\u017eba re\u00e1ln\u011b celosv\u011btov\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k rozvoji cel\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Proto se i Hydrometeorologick\u00e9 \u00fastavy v Praze a Bratislav\u011b orientovaly p\u0159i koncipov\u00e1n\u00ed leto\u0161n\u00edch slavnostn\u00edch shrom\u00e1\u017e\u00add\u011bn\u00ed meteorolog\u016f na v\u00fdznamnou roli meteorologick\u00fdch infor\u00admac\u00ed p\u0159i zabezpe\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed i spole\u010dnosti ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch sv\u011bta v duchu leto\u0161n\u00edho t\u00e9matu Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne, aby tak akcentovaly nutnost zvy\u0161o\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed jejich kvality.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>\u0160t\u00e9p\u00e1n Ulbrich, MZ 1981\/4-5, ro\u010dn\u00edk 34, str. 156<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70ea13d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70ea13d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9aec74\" data-id=\"c9aec74\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4381abb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4381abb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1980<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a229ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a229ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58f6417\" data-id=\"58f6417\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39f7504 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39f7504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u010cLOV\u011aK A ZM\u011aNY PODNEBIA<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>(K Sv\u011btov\u00e9mu d\u0148u meteorol\u00f3gie)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sedemdesiate roky vojd\u00fa do historie ako desa\u0165ro\u010die, v ktorom podnebie sa stalo z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm faktorem sv\u011bto\u00adv\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva. Uveden\u00e1 skuto\u00e9nos\u0165 podnietila Svetov\u00fa meteorologick\u00fa organiz\u00e1ciu k prijatiu roz-siahleho dlhodob\u00e9ho programu v\u00fdskumu a ochrany sv\u011btov\u011bj kl\u00edmy. Na podporu rie\u0161enia z\u00e1merov tohto programu vyhl\u00e1sila pre rok 1980 heslo uveden\u00e9 v z\u00e1\u00adhlav\u00ed tohto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku. V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich obdobiach, napr. v tridsiatych rokoch n\u00e1\u0161ho storo\u010dia, klimatick\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie budili pozornost iba v pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f velk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u011b kalamity v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 po\u0161kodili rozsiahle polnohospod\u00e1rske oblasti. Od tridsiatych rokov sa sv\u011btov\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia zdvojn\u00e1sobila a glob\u00e1ln\u011b rezervy sebesta\u010dnosti v z\u00e1sobovan\u00ed potravinami, dokonca aj v klima\u00adticky priazniv\u00fdch rokoch sa zmen\u0161ili natolko, \u017ee nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 dlhodob\u00e9 z\u00e1soby. Prvo\u0159ad\u00fd v\u00fd\u00adznam nadob\u00fada skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee citlivost ludstva na klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny sa zna\u010dn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161ila.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podnebie prech\u00e1dzalo v minulosti zm\u011bnami a tento jav bude aj v bud\u00facnosti pokra\u010dovat. Klimatick\u00e9 v\u00fd\u00adkyvy posledn\u00fdch dvoch desa\u0165ro\u011b\u00ed demonstrovali citli\u00advost Indskej spolo\u010dnosti na javy podnebia. Najne-\u00faprosnej\u0161\u00edm z t\u00fdchto faktov je neust\u00e1ly n\u00e1rast sv\u011b\u00adtov\u011bj popul\u00e1cie a s t\u00fdm s\u00favisiaea pot\u0159eba zvy\u0161ovania sv\u011btov\u011bj produkcie potravin. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm faktorom citli\u00advosti hospod\u00e1rstva na podnebie je sv\u011btov\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 kr\u00edza. V podstat\u011b sa d\u00e1 poveda\u0165, \u017ee v\u0161etky v\u00e1\u010d\u0161ie sv\u011btov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my t\u00fdm \u010di in\u00fdm sp\u00f3sobom s\u00favisia s podneb\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na rozdiel od vplyvu podnebia na \u010dlov\u011bka, existuje relativn\u00e9 nov\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee ludsk\u00e1 aktivita m\u00f3\u017ee v podstat\u011b zm\u011bnit prirodzen\u00fa kl\u00edmu. Eudstvo uvol\u00ad\u0148uje do atmosf\u00e9ry velk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo tepla. Aj ke\u010f toto mno\u017estvo je zanedbateln\u00e9 v porovnan\u00ed s mno\u017estvom slne\u010dnej energie, je koncentrovan\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 v mal\u00fdch oblastiach a m\u00f3\u017ee ma\u0165 lok\u00e1ln\u011b alebo region\u00e1ln\u011b \u00fa\u010dinky a t\u00fdm aj n\u00e1sledky. Mo\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky ludskej aktivity na glob\u00e1lnu kl\u00edmu s\u00fa r\u00f3zne. Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z nich je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v\u011bnovat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa pozornost.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dramatick\u00e9 a \u010dasto tragick\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, si naliehavo vy\u017eaduj\u00fa klimatick\u00fd v\u00fdsk\u016fm. Zv\u00fd\u0161il sa ce\u00adlosv\u011btov\u00fd z\u00e1ujem, t\u00fdkaj\u00faci sa poznania kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch a dlhodob\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch zmien. Pop\u0159edn\u00ed \u010dinitelia na celom sv\u011bte si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 podnikn\u00fa\u0165 opatrenia v celosvetovom meradle na boj proti n\u00e1-sledkom ne\u017eelateln\u00fdch podnebn\u00fdch zmien a ochranu pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho prostredia, v ktorom \u010dlov\u011bk \u017eije.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">My\u0161lienka sa vykrystalizovala usporiadan\u00edm Konfe\u00adreneie o sv\u011btov\u011bj kl\u00edme, ktor\u00fa zorganizovala Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia v \u017denev\u011b vo febru\u00e1ri 1979, na t\u00e9mu \u201eKl\u00edma a ludstvo&#8221;. Z\u00fa\u010dastnili sa jej nielen pop\u0159edn\u00ed klimatol\u00f3govia ale aj mnoh\u00ed odborn\u00edci v odvetviach, ktor\u00fdch sa kl\u00edma \u00fazko dot\u00fdk\u00e1 \u2014 eko\u00adn\u00f3movia, polnohospod\u00e1r\u00ed, odborn\u00edci na vodn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo, projektanti miest, lek\u00e1ri, odborn\u00edci na \u017eivot\u00adn\u00e9 prostredie a mnoh\u00ed in\u00ed. V\u00fdsledkom bol zatial naj\u00faplnej\u0161\u00ed pohlad na vztah podnebia k \u010dinnosti ludstva. Uznesenia konfereneie zahr\u0148uj\u00fa spr\u00e1vu o s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch ludsk\u00fdch predsudkoch a obav\u00e1ch t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa mo\u017e\u00adn\u00fdch zmien kl\u00edmy, \u010di u\u017e v d\u00f3sledku pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, alebo v d\u00f3sledku vlastnej ludskej \u010dinnosti. Z\u00e1v\u011bry konfereneie vo velkej miere pomohli 8. Kongresu SMO, skonc\u00edpova\u0165 a schv\u00e1lit Program ochrany sv\u011bto\u00adv\u011bj kl\u00edmy, ktor\u00e9ho hlavn\u00e9 dva body s\u00fa:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">zdokonalit poznatky o prirodzen\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch podnebia a \u00fa\u010dinkoch klimatick\u00fdch zmien, sp\u00f3soben\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami alebo ludskou aktivitou;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">pom\u00e1hat zodpov\u011bdn\u00fdm \u010dinitelom pri pl\u00e1novan\u00ed a koordinovan\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed citliv\u00fdch na kl\u00edmu, z oblasti ekonomie, \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a soci\u00e1lnej sf\u00e9ry tak, aby sa stali menej citliv\u00e9 na podnebn\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Program sv\u011btov\u011bj kl\u00edmy m\u00e1 mimor\u00edadny rozsah: od numerick\u00e9ho simula\u010dn\u00e9ho modelovania po glob\u00e1ln\u011b soci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00e9 dopady a od aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v jednot\u00adliv\u00fdch podnikoch k celosvetovej strat\u00e9gii produkcie potravin a energie.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prenesenie Programu sv\u011btov\u011bj kl\u00edmy do \u0161irok\u00e9ho okruhu n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch a medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00adstavuje p\u0159e meteorologick\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 bezpreceden\u010dn\u00fa \u00falohu. Na j v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00e9 j\u0161ie zhrnutie tejto gigantick\u00e9 j \u00falohy a jej v\u00fdznamu pre cel\u00e9 ludstvo zhr\u0148uje Deklar\u00e1cia Programu ochrany sv\u011btov\u011bj kl\u00edmy:<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u201eDlhodob\u00e9 pre\u017eitie ludstva z\u00e1vis\u00ed od dosiahnutia harmonie medzi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou a p\u0159\u00edrodou. Podnebie je len jednou z charakteristik n\u00e1\u0161ho pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho prostre\u00addia, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00edme m\u00fadro vyu\u017e\u00edvat. V\u0161etky prvky prostredia sa vz\u00e1jomne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa, miestne ako aj na dialku. Degrad\u00e1cia prostredia v akejkolvek n\u00e1rod-nej alebo geografickej oblasti sa mus\u00ed dot\u00fdkat spolo\u010d\u00adnosti ako takej, preto\u017ee m\u00f3\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 kl\u00edmu kdekolvek inde. N\u00e1rody sv\u011bta musia vyvin\u00fa\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasilie aby zachovali \u00farodnost p\u00f3dy; aby sa vyhli zneu\u017eitiu sv\u011btov\u00fdch zdrojov vody, lesov a p\u00f3dy; aby za\u00adbr\u00e1nili roz\u0161irovaniu p\u00fa\u0161ti, aby zmen\u0161ili zne\u010dis\u0165ovanie atmosf\u00e9ry a oce\u00e1nov. T\u00e1to \u010dinnost v\u0161etk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov si bude vy\u017eadovat velk\u00e9 rozhodnutia a tomu zodpovedaj\u00face materi\u00e1ln\u011b zdroje a bude ma\u0165 v\u00fdznam len vo sv\u011bte mieru.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Slovensk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v spolupr\u00e1ci s HM\u00da Bratislava p\u0159ipravili d\u0148a 28. marca 1980 na t\u00e9mu hesla Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u0148a meteorol\u00f3gie v\u011bdeck\u00fd se\u00admin\u00e1\u0159, ktor\u00e9ho obsahom boli p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky publikovan\u00e9 v predkladanom v\u00fdtla\u010dku Meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Doc. RNDr. F. \u0160amaj, DrSc, MZ 1980\/5, ro\u010dn\u00edk 33, str. 130<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d666b9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d666b9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7417d0\" data-id=\"d7417d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d594fa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d594fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1978<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4123345 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4123345\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3d9672\" data-id=\"a3d9672\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-129c235 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"129c235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2 class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K sv\u011btov\u00e9mu d\u0148u meteorologie<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia p\u0159ipravuje je\u00adden z najv\u00e1\u010d\u0161\u00edch a najdokonalej\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch experimentov v svojej historii \u201eGlob\u00e1lny meteorologick\u00fd experiment&#8221;. Tis\u00edcky odborn\u00edkov zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch krajin sv\u011bta, pomocou najdokonalej\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, podrobia atmosf\u00e9ru najintenz\u00edvnej\u0161iemu v\u00fdskumu a sledovaniu, ak\u00e9 sa kedy v\u00f3bec konalo. Experiment, po\u010dn\u00fac d\u0148om 1. decembra 1978, bude trva\u0165 cel\u00fd rok s dvorn\u00ed dvojmesa\u010dn\u00fdmi obdobiami (od 5. janu\u00e1ra do 5. marca a od 1. m\u00e1ja do 30. j\u00fana 1979) zameran\u00fdmi na speci\u00e1ln\u011b pozorovania v tr\u00f3poch a ju\u017enej hemisf\u00e9re. Cielom tohto vysoko koordinovan\u00e9ho medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho \u00fasilia je roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 mo\u017enosti zlep\u0161enia predpovedania po\u010dasia a presk\u00famanie mechanizmu kli\u00admatick\u00fdch zmien. Tento obsiahly v\u00fdskumn\u00fd program \u010diasto\u010dne vysv\u011btluje pre\u010do \u00fastredn\u00fdm heslom SMO k Sv\u011btov\u00e9mu d\u0148u meteorol\u00f3gie v r. 1978 je \u201eMeteorol\u00f3gia a v\u00fdsk\u016fm pre bud\u00facnos\u0165&#8221;. Uveden\u00fa t\u00e9mu stavia do st\u0159edu pozornosti to najslubnej\u0161ie v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u00fasilie, ktor\u00e9 kedy sp\u00e1jalo vedeck\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu. Je pr\u00edkladom toho, \u010do sa m\u00f3\u017ee dosiahn\u00fa\u0165 medzin\u00e1rodnou spolupr\u00e1cou, aplik\u00e1ciou dobrej vole a zdrav\u00e9ho rozumu pri rie\u0161en\u00ed glob\u00e1lnych atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 a Slovensk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 p\u0159ipravili k Sv\u011btov\u00e9mu d\u0148u meteorol\u00f3gie viacero zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch a odborn\u00e9 hodnotn\u00fdch podujat\u00ed. Jedn\u00fdm z nich bola i konferencia s celo\u0161t\u00e1tnou \u00fa\u010das\u0165ou na\u0161ich odborn\u00edkov, uskuto\u010dnen\u00e1 31. marca 1978 na Hydrometeorologickom \u00fastave v Bratislav\u011b. \u00dast\u0159ed\u00adnou t\u00e9mou rokovania bola \u201eMeteorol\u00f3gia a jej \u00falohy v bud\u00facnosti&#8221;.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podnetom pre usporiadanie konfereneie s prognos\u00adtick\u00fdm zameran\u00edm, okrem hesla SMO, je pot\u0159eba spracovania dlhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdhradu rozvoja Hydromt meteorologickej slu\u017eby CSSR vypl\u00fdvaj\u00faca z uznesenia vl\u00e1dy CSSR \u010d. 102\/76 Zb. Cierom konfereneie bolo ujasnenie z\u00e1merov v\u011bdeckotechnick\u00e9ho rozvoja z\u00e1\u00adkladn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed a ich odrazu na pot\u0159ebu zmien organiza\u010dnej \u0161trukt\u00fary a pracovn\u00fdch metod. V\u00fdcho\u00addiskovou z\u00e1klad\u0148ou pre p\u0159\u00edpravu refer\u00e1tov boli z\u00e1\u00adm\u011bry na \u00faseku moderniz\u00e1cie a automatiz\u00e1cie z\u00e1klad\u00adn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed meteorol\u00f3gie rozpracovan\u00e9 v r. 1974 v nadv\u00e1znosti na z\u00e1v\u011bry m\u00e1jov\u00fdch pl\u00e9n \u00daV KSC a \u00daV KSS, uznesenie vl\u00e1dy SSR \u010d. 182 o posiln\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bdeckotechnick\u00e9ho rozvoja pri zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed efektivnosti \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva a N\u00e1vrh koncepcie Hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Praha do r. 1990.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na konferencii bolo p\u0159ednesen\u00fdch 14 refer\u00e1tov. Prv\u00fd tematick\u00fd okruh tvo\u0159ili refer\u00e1ty zameran\u00e9 na \u00falohy a perspektivy rozvoja synoptickej, leteckej a kozmickej meteorol\u00f3gie; nov\u00fdm mo\u017enostiam vyu\u017e\u00edvania numerick\u00fdch met\u00f3d p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a aplik\u00e1cie meteorol\u00f3gie v polnohospod\u00e1rstve, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch zdrojov apod. Druh\u00fd okruh tvo\u0159ili pr\u00e1ce zameran\u00e9 na pot\u0159eby rozvoja automatiz\u00e1cie merania, p\u0159enosu a spracovania \u00fadajov v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase (technologick\u00e1 linka) ako i archiv\u00e1cie a foriem re\u017eimov\u00fdch inform\u00e1ch; zvl\u00e1\u0161tna pozor\u00adnost bola v\u011bnovan\u00e1 rozvoj\u016f dialkovej detekcii atmo\u00adsf\u00e9rick\u00fdch javov. T\u0159et\u00ed tematick\u00fd okruh predn\u00e1\u0161ok bol motivovan\u00fd pot\u0159ebami ochrany ovzdu\u0161ia z aspektov meteorol\u00f3gie a pos\u00fadenia klimatick\u00fdch zmien vy\u00advolan\u00fdch rast\u00facim zne\u010dis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky boli publikovan\u00e9 v \u201ePr\u00e1cach a \u0161t\u00fadiach HM\u00da \u010d. 18&#8243;, ktor\u00e9 vydal Hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav v Bratislav\u011b ku d\u0148u konfereneie. Celkov\u00fd priebeh konfereneie, ako i na \u0148u nadv\u00e1zuj\u00faci spolo\u010densk\u00fd program, boli d\u00f3stojn\u00fdm podujat\u00edm tohoro\u010dn\u00e9ho pro\u00adgramu osl\u00e1v Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u0148a meteorol\u00f3gie.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Ferdinand \u0160amaj, MZ 1978\/4, ro\u010dn\u00edk 31, str. 127<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-307adc3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"307adc3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2d0bd5\" data-id=\"e2d0bd5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc56220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc56220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1969<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e47457 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7e47457\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31f2bab\" data-id=\"31f2bab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee6078e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee6078e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h2 class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>1. \u00davod<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jako ka\u017ed\u00fd rok slav\u00ed i letos, 23. b\u0159ezna, meteorologov\u00e9 cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta sv\u016fj \u201eSv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den&#8221;. Doporu\u010den\u00edm Sv\u011b\u00adtov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (d\u00e1le SMO) se stal hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9matem diskus\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch p\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek chce upozornit na n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 SMO a p\u0159edn\u00edmi sv\u011btov\u00fdmi slu\u017e\u00adbami a tak p\u0159isp\u011bt k diskusi v tomto oboru tak\u00e9 u n\u00e1s.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Velmi mnoho druh\u016f lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti je citliv\u00fdch na po\u010das\u00ed. N\u011bkdy jsou vlivy po\u010das\u00ed nepatrn\u00e9, n\u011bkdy v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, ba rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed, n\u011bkdy p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo, jindy zprost\u0159edkovan\u011b, n\u011bkdy lidskou pr\u00e1ci podporuj\u00ed, jindy p\u016fsob\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b a sni\u017euj\u00ed hodnotu v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Zn\u00e1me-li vlivy po\u010das\u00ed a po\u010das\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho, m\u016f\u017eeme vyu\u017e\u00edvat jeho kladn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed a zabra\u0148ovat jeho z\u00e1porn\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm nebo je aspo\u0148 omezovat. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bylo, kdy\u00adbychom si dovedli po\u010das\u00ed m\u011bnit podle pot\u0159eby. Tak\u00e9 v tomto sm\u011bru se vyv\u00edj\u00ed intenz\u00edvn\u00ed \u010dinnost, v\u00fdznam jejich v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u0161ak tat\u00edm nen\u00ed podstatn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 orientace meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb na ekonomicky nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakoly p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 objektivn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich po\u00add\u00edlu na v\u00fdsledc\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je v\u0161ak velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oborech skoro nemo\u017en\u00e9. To je jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d jsme teprve na za\u010d\u00e1tku ekonomick\u00fdch \u00favah v meteorologii. Druh\u00fd podstatn\u00fd d\u016fvod je, \u017ee meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby jsou v pom\u011bru k ostatn\u00edm polo\u017ek\u00e1m st\u00e1tn\u00edch rozpo\u010dt\u016f velmi levn\u00e9, tak\u017ee zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nestoj\u00ed za hlub\u0161\u00ed rozbor. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je v\u0161ak pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159i redukc\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu se odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny obracej\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k nejasn\u011b prokazateln\u00fdm polo\u017ek\u00e1m. Krom\u011b toho v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b, kdy byly vyvinuty nov\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161inou drah\u00e9 technick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, jejich\u017e vyu\u017eit\u00ed v meteoro\u00adlogii znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd pokrok, rostou rozpo\u010dty meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb tak, \u017ee jejich obhajoba bez pr\u016fkazn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 argu\u00admentace bude st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Vzpome\u0148me jen radar\u016f, samo\u010din\u00adn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, dru\u017eic, automatick\u00fdch spojovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed atd.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech budou zah\u00e1jeny prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze provozn\u00edho stadia Sv\u011btov\u00e9 slu\u017eby po\u010das\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdznamn\u00fd podnik mezin\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00ed kooperace p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e vyu\u017eit\u00ed nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tech\u00adniky, kterou v\u011bt\u0161ina meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb dosud nem\u00e1. N\u00e1\u00adroky meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky tedy po\u00adrostou v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech rychleji ne\u017e dosud a maj\u00ed-li b\u00fdti akceptov\u00e1ny, je po\u017eadavek objektivn\u00edho prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed jejich v\u00fdhod\u00adnosti pln\u011b opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>2. N\u00e1klady na meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SMO provedla v r. 1967 dotazn\u00edkovou akci s \u00fa\u010delem zjistit v\u00fdvoj n\u00e1klad\u016f na meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby v obdob\u00ed posledn\u00edch 20 let (1945\u2014 1964). Odpov\u011bdi do\u0161ly ze 47 st\u00e1t\u016f, z toho 40 od\u00adpov\u011bd\u00ed obsahovalo \u00fapln\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Asi polovina odpov\u011bd\u00ed se vzta\u00adhovala na rozvojov\u00e9 a polovina na rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b. Organizace m\u00e1 120 st\u00e1t\u016f a 12 teritori\u00ed (podle stavu k 1. X. 1968). \u00dadaje z\u00edskan\u00e9 touto akc\u00ed tedy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed asi t\u0159etinu \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Jejich homogenitu poru\u0161uje nestejn\u00e1 organizace slu\u017eeb v jed\u00adnotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. N\u011bkde zahrnuj\u00ed slu\u017eby, a tedy i jejich rozpo\u010dty, meteorologick\u00e9 telekomunikace, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 dimenzovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti hydrologie i n\u011bkter\u00fdch geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch discipl\u00edn, zat\u00edm co jin\u00e9 se staraj\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b o meteorologii. I tak v\u0161ak shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd materi\u00e1l dovolil odvodit n\u011bkter\u00e9 cenn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav i pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za pou\u017eit\u00ed statistick\u00fdch ro\u010denek Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f byl vy\u00adpo\u010dten pom\u011br n\u00e1klad\u016f na meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby k celkov\u00fdm v\u00fddaj\u016fm jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. V\u00fdsledky se pohybovaly mezi 0,02 a 0,63 % s pr\u016fm\u011brnou hodnotou 0,16 %. Rozbor v\u00fdsledk\u016f uk\u00e1\u00adzal, \u017ee tento pom\u011br je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed u v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed (0,19 %) ne\u017e u rozvinut\u00fdch (0,13 %) a daleko nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed u teritori\u00ed (0,37 %).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u00e1le bylo vypo\u010dteno, jak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed tzv. jednotce, kter\u00e1 je u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na k stanoven\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. Z po\u010dtu bylo vylou\u010deno jen nepatrn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky od\u00adpov\u00eddaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu jednotek ne\u017e 50. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek \u010cSSR odpo\u00adv\u00edd\u00e1 11 jednotk\u00e1m. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd n\u00e1klad na jednu jednotku \u010dinil 250 000 amer. dolar\u016f. Za pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, jeho\u017e platnost je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b omezen\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017eenou \u00faplnost\u00ed a nehomogennost\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f, bylo vypo\u010dteno, \u017ee v roce 1965 n\u00e1klady \u010dlen\u00adsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f SMO na meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u010dinily asi 705 mili\u00f3n\u016f amer. dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1klad\u016f za 151et\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (1950 \u2014 1965) bylo d\u00e1le zji\u0161t\u011bno pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 procento r\u016fstu ro\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f na meteoro\u00adlogick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. \u010cinilo 11 %. Z dosud uveden\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f pak bylo mo\u017eno odvodit n\u00e1klady v r. 1968, a to asi 960 mili\u00f3n\u016f amer. dolar\u016f, a v r. 1975 &#8211; asi 2000 mili\u00f3n\u016f amer. dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba, kter\u00e1, jak zn\u00e1mo, zahrnuje organiza\u010dn\u011b i rozpo\u010dtov\u011b meteorologick\u00e9 telekomunikace a \u010d\u00e1st hydrologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, poskytla do zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 akce SMO tato \u010d\u00edsla ro\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1\u00adklad\u016f:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1950 \u2013 1\u00a0048\u00a0000 USD<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1955 \u2013 1\u00a0477\u00a0000 USD<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1960 \u2013 2\u00a0305\u00a0000 USD<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1965 \u2013 2\u00a0993\u00a0000 USD<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pou\u017eijeme-li naho\u0159e uveden\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu na 1 jed\u00adnotku SMO, vypo\u010dteme, \u017ee rozpo\u010det HM\u00da by na rok 1965 m\u011bl b\u00fdt 2 750 000 amer. dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vypo\u010dteme-li pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 procento r\u016fstu rozpo\u010dtu na\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby v p\u011btilet\u00fdch obdob\u00edch, je to pro 1950\u20141955 &#8211; 7,1 %, pro 1955 a\u017e 1960 &#8211; 9,3 % a pro 1960-1965 &#8211; 5,4 %. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 procento za cel\u00e9 151et\u00e9 obdob\u00ed 1950-1965 je pak 7,2%. Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd r\u016fst n\u00e1klad\u016f na meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, odvozen\u00fd z do\u00adtazn\u00edkov\u00e9 akce SMO, je zna\u010dn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e r\u016fst n\u00e1klad\u016f na na\u0161i slu\u017ebu. Podrobn\u00e1 analysa v\u0161ech aspekt\u016f by ov\u0161em vy\u017eadovala zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f, jako nap\u0159. vliv rostouc\u00edch cen, plat\u016f atd.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je tak\u00e9 pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159i radik\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1saz\u00edch do slu\u017eby, t\u0159eba p\u0159i jej\u00ed pln\u00e9 modernizaci, se nutn\u011b uk\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159\u00edkr\u00fd skok v r\u016fstu n\u00e1klad\u016f. Nap\u0159. rozpo\u010det slu\u017eby Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v p\u011bti\u00adlet\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e byl zah\u00e1jen program meteorologick\u00fdch dru\u017eic, vyrostl o 440 % [1].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro zaj\u00edmavost uvedeme v\u00fd\u0161i rozpo\u010dt\u016f n\u011bkolika slu\u017eeb, jak jsou uvedeny v literatu\u0159e [1] a [3], nebo jak jsme je odvodili z jin\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f s rizikem jist\u00fdch nep\u0159esnost\u00ed:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Austr\u00e1lie (1966 &#8211; 1967) 11\u00a0000\u00a0000 australsk\u00fdch dolar\u016f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Francie (vypo\u010dteno) 100\u00a0000\u00a0000 frank\u016f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Anglie (1965) 7\u00a0200\u00a0000 liber<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">NSR 15\u00a0000\u00a0000 USD<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SSSR (vypo\u010dteno) 200\u00a0000\u00a0000 rubl\u016f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">USA (1965) (v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1klad\u016f na met. dru\u017eice) 155\u00a0000\u00a0000 liber (z toho 70 mil. na v\u00fdzkum)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 hrub\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na jednotliv\u00e9 druhy \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 se u r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161it. Uv\u00e1d\u00edme dva p\u0159\u00edklady:<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie\u00a0\u00a0 Francie<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktura (s\u00edt\u011b, v\u00fdm\u011bna zpr\u00e1v, p\u0159\u00edstroje)\u00a0 24 %\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 33 %<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Civiln\u00ed letectv\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 19 %\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 23 %<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vojensk\u00e9 letectv\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 41 %\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 29 %<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lodn\u00ed doprava\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 neuvedeno\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7 %<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 neuvedeno\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4 %<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdzkum\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 10 %\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 neuvedeno<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ostatn\u00ed slu\u017eby\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 5 %\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4 %<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>3. Praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eiti meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V rozsahu tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed rozbor v\u0161ech existuj\u00edc\u00edch a mo\u017en\u00fdch, ale dosud nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch slu\u017eeb meteorologie. To, co zde uvedeme, je m\u00edn\u011bno sp\u00ed\u0161e jako p\u0159\u00edklad.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jak jsme se ji\u017e zm\u00ednili, je mo\u017enost m\u011bnit a pl\u00e1novit\u011b kontro\u00adlovat po\u010das\u00ed prozat\u00edm velmi omezena. M\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat jen mal\u00e9 oblasti a jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady. Jako p\u0159\u00edklady jmenujeme oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch vzduchov\u00fdch vrstev na ochranu rostlin p\u0159ed mrazem, rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mlhy nad leti\u0161ti, ochrana produktivn\u00edch ze\u00adm\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed p\u0159ed krupobit\u00edm, zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vydatnosti sr\u00e1\u00ad\u017eek apod.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Proto je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das z\u016fstane hlavn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed znalosti po\u010das\u00ed a jeho vliv\u016f, p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti existu\u00adj\u00edc\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. O t\u011bchto podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eeme soudit podle minulosti, tj. podle \u00fadaj\u016f odvozen\u00fdch z pozorovan\u00fdch a m\u011b\u0159e\u00adn\u00fdch hodnot v dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouh\u00e9m obdob\u00ed a podle p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. Ani jeden z t\u011bchto zp\u016fsob\u016f nen\u00ed pln\u011b zaru\u010den\u00fd, oba p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jist\u00e9 riziko. Dob\u0159e je to zn\u00e1mo a \u010dasto kritizov\u00e1no u p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Toto riziko je v\u0161ak zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a lze je kvantitativn\u011b zapo\u010d\u00edtat do rozboru p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a zjistit p\u0159edem, zda a za jak\u00fdch okolnosti soustavn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed je v\u00fdhod\u00adn\u00e9. Jedna z pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v tomto sm\u011bru je kategorick\u00e1 formulace me\u00adteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e1 neupozor\u0148uje na skryt\u00e1 rizika. U\u017eivatel, nem\u00e1-li dostate\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti, je pak naklon\u011bn nerespektovat p\u0159i\u00adrozenou nejistotu informace a doj\u00edt k paradoxn\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mal\u00e1 oboustrann\u00e1 informovanost u\u017eivatel\u016f o mo\u017enostech me\u00adteorologie a vlastnostech jej\u00edch \u201eprodukt\u016f&#8221; a meteorolog\u016f o po\u00addrobnostech a n\u00e1sledc\u00edch vyu\u017eit\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v v praxi je jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed meteorologie v n\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159edstavu, jak velik\u00e9 reservy jsou skryty v ne\u00fapln\u00e9m nebo ne\u00addokonal\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed, si m\u016f\u017eeme u\u010dinit z \u00fadaj\u016f zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech [3]. St\u0159\u00edzliv\u00fd odhad ukazuje, \u017ee jen ve stavebnictv\u00ed by se ro\u010dn\u011b dalo u\u0161et\u0159it 500 mili\u00f3n\u016f dolar\u016f pln\u00fdm uplatn\u011bn\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Druh\u00e1 mo\u017enost je ve zlep\u0161en\u00ed samotn\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. Prozat\u00edm je k dispozici velmi m\u00e1lo hlub\u0161\u00edch \u00favah z tohoto oboru a ty, kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed jen ne\u00fapln\u00e9 p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u00fadaje. V\u00fdsledky jedn\u00e9 takov\u00e9 studie, pro\u00adveden\u00e9 pro n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo m\u00edst ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech [3], pro vy\u00adu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed na 24 a\u017e 36 hodin, ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee asi 2 a\u017e 6 procent ztr\u00e1t zavin\u011bn\u00fdch po\u010das\u00edm je mo\u017eno odvr\u00e1tit spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm vyu\u017ei\u00adt\u00edm v\u011bdecky perfektn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi. V\u011bdecky perfektn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00adpov\u011b\u010f bude sotva dosa\u017eena, uv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li v\u0161ak obrovsk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed jako celku, m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9 procento zlep\u0161en\u00ed velikou hodnotu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>4. Ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky n\u011bkter\u00fdch slu\u017eeb<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, jsme teprve na za\u010d\u00e1tku snah zhodnotit kvantitativn\u011b a vyj\u00e1d\u0159it v pen\u011bz\u00edch rentabilitu meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fadaje se v\u011bt\u0161inou op\u00edraj\u00ed o odhady, i kdy\u017e odhady odvozen\u00e9 v maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e ze zjistiteln\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b mnoho vykonat v tomto oboru, a to za \u00fazk\u00e9 spo\u00adlupr\u00e1ce ekonom\u016f, aby mohl b\u00fdti vypracov\u00e1n \u00fapln\u00fd meteorologicko-ekonomick\u00fd model, kter\u00fd by umo\u017enil zjistit nesporn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. I za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed se v\u0161ak domn\u00edv\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky \u00favah, kter\u00e9 uvedeme v dal\u0161\u00edm, jsou velmi cenn\u00e9 [3].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Obvykl\u00e1 metoda p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu je vypo\u010d\u00edtat hodnotu zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 bude za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed produkovat, a srovnat je s hodnotou zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vlo\u017eit. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v meteorologii je mo\u017en\u00e9 tuto \u00favahu usku\u00adte\u010dnit p\u0159\u00edmo s hotov\u00fdmi kvantitativn\u00edmi \u00fadaji. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u00adpad\u016f to v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 nen\u00ed a je t\u0159eba hledat metodu ke kvantita\u00adtivn\u00edmu ocen\u011bni pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch faktor\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edklad pro prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad je vyu\u017eit\u00ed metody pro v\u00fdpo\u010det \u010dasov\u011b nejkrat\u0161\u00ed letov\u00e9 trati p\u0159i letech p\u0159es Atlantsk\u00fd oce\u00e1n [3]. Fran\u00adcouzi, kte\u0159\u00ed tuto metodu vypracovali, zjistili, \u017ee jej\u00edm u\u017eit\u00edm a zlep\u0161en\u00edm informac\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdch lod\u00ed se ro\u010dn\u011b u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed 15 mili\u00f3n\u016f frank\u016f (1965) jen v d\u016fsledku zmen\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu nal\u00e9tan\u00fdch hodin. K tomu p\u0159istupuje dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eitek ze zlep\u0161en\u00fdch informaci jako odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed diverz\u00ed a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, spr\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyt\u00ed\u017een\u00ed letadel a stanoven\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed pohonn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek atd. Tak\u00e9 tento u\u017eitek, i kdy\u017e obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji, se d\u00e1 vyj\u00e1d\u0159it v pen\u011bz\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edpady druh\u00e9ho typu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee a jejich ocen\u011bn\u00ed si patrn\u011b vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Sem pat\u0159\u00ed t\u0159eba u\u017eitek v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v roz\u0161i\u0159ovan\u00fdch r\u00e1diem, televiz\u00ed, telefonem atd. Zde by bylo t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a zp\u016fsobu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Snadn\u011bji by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159it u\u017eitek v jednotliv\u00fdch oborech n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, jako zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, stavebnictv\u00ed, doprav\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f atd.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">S rezervou nazna\u010den\u00fdch omezen\u00ed provedly n\u011bkter\u00e9 slu\u017eby z iniciativy SMO ocen\u011bn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9ho u\u017eitku sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Z t\u011bchto a jin\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, se odvozuje v\u0161eobecn\u011b p\u0159ijat\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje pom\u011br u\u017eitku a n\u00e1klad\u016f na slu\u017eby sdru\u017een\u00e9 v SMO \u010d\u00edslem 20 : 1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Modern\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 znalost ekonomick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti jednotliv\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. Umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdhodn\u011b akcentovat nejv\u00fdnosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obory. P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fd pr\u016fzkum ukazuje vysokou rentabilitu meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, zejm\u00e9na n\u011bkter\u00fdch discipl\u00edn. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se ukazuje, \u017ee nejsou pln\u011b vyu\u017eity ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enosti a \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje m\u016f\u017ee s po\u00adm\u011brn\u011b mal\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady p\u0159in\u00e9st zlep\u0161en\u00ed metod, hlavn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 fakta byla odvozena z \u00fadaj\u016f jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a m\u011bla by b\u00fdti korigov\u00e1na pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Ve spolupr\u00e1ci s eko\u00adnomy by d\u00e1le m\u011bla b\u00fdt vypracov\u00e1na metoda, kter\u00e1 by dovolila s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed objektivnost\u00ed posoudit co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det obor\u016f me\u00adteorologie. Obdobnou pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 hydrologie.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V ho\u0159ej\u0161\u00edch \u00favah\u00e1ch byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost jenom \u010dist\u011b praktick\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm. K nim p\u0159istupuje je\u0161t\u011b nemal\u00fd u\u017eitek, kter\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed meteorologie k v\u0161eobecn\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed znalosti p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Literatura<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] Mason B. J.: The role of meteorology in the national economy. Weather, November 1966.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] Thompson J. C: The potential economic and associated values of the world weather watch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">World Meteorological Organization, Planning Report No. 4, \u017deneva 1966.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[3] The economic benefits of national meteorological services. World Meteorological Organization, Planning Report No. 27, \u017deneva 1968.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[4] O. M. A.: The cost of meteorological services, WMO Bul\u00adletin, Vol. XVIII, No. 1, \u017deneva, leden 1969.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Anton\u00edn D\u0159evikovsk\u00fd, 1969\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 22, str. 33-35<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c447cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c447cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63428bd\" data-id=\"63428bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee40385 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ee40385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1963<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-853582b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"853582b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f23704\" data-id=\"2f23704\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32a2dfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32a2dfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>23. B\u0158EZNA &#8211; MEZIN\u00c1RODN\u00cd DEN METEOROLOGIE<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jako ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b tak i letos slav\u00ed meteorologov\u00e9 cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta 23. b\u0159ezna \u201eMezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den meteorologie&#8221;. Na tento den p\u0159ipad\u00e1 &#8211; letos ji\u017e dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9 &#8211; v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vstoupen\u00ed v platnost konvekce o Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organisaci, jej\u00edmi\u017e \u010dleny je dnes ji\u017e 105 st\u00e1t\u016f a 15 teritori\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organisace pe\u010duje o koordinaci meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch stanic a \u00fast\u0159eden, pe\u010duje o z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f pro rychlou mezin\u00e1rodni v\u00fdm\u011bnu pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v, pe\u010duje o normalizaci meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, o jednotnost uve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a statistick\u00fdch zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, pod\u00adporuje v\u00fdzkum a rozvoj meteorologie a zejm\u00e9na se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 aplikac\u00ed meteorologie na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a leteckou dopravu, na zem\u011b\u00add\u011blstv\u00ed a jin\u00e9 obory lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Leto\u0161n\u00ed oslavy Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho dne meteorologie jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na v\u00fdznam meteorologie pro bezpe\u010dnost dopravy, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b leteck\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>AV, MZ 1963\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 16, str. 25<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e843b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e843b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9554ff5\" data-id=\"9554ff5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7f8ec0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c7f8ec0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1962<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ccb46fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ccb46fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-222f7ba\" data-id=\"222f7ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a195523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a195523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><div><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ed rokem, dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1961, jsme poprv\u00e9 vzpom\u00ed\u00adnali ve skrovn\u00e9m rozsahu v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed platnosti Konvence Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, sdru\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed dnes 113 \u010dlen\u016f z 97 st\u00e1t\u016f a 16 teritori\u00ed (viz MZ 1961, \u010d. 1-2).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/WMO.JPG\" alt=\"\" \/>Leto\u0161n\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den zam\u011b\u0159ili meteorologov\u00e9 cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta podle usnesen\u00ed SMO na vysoce aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zku \u201eZajistit v\u0161emu lidstvu dostatek potravin&#8221;. To navazovalo na heslo Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f \u201ePry\u010d s hladem&#8221;, vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 ji\u017e v roce 1960. \u010ceskosloven\u0161t\u00ed meteorologov\u00e9 se k t\u00e9to kampani, odstran\u011bn\u00ed hladu ve sv\u011bt\u011b, pln\u011b p\u0159ipojili a dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1962 uspo\u0159\u00e1dali v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed oslav Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne se ujala \u010ces\u00adkoslovensk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost p\u0159i \u010cSAV, spole\u010dn\u011b s La\u00adborato\u0159\u00ed meteorologie p\u0159i \u010cSAV, Hydrometeorologick\u00fdm \u00fasta\u00advem, Meteorologick\u00fdm \u00fastavem matematicko-fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed fakulty Karlovy university a Vysokou \u0161kolou zem\u011bd\u011blskou, vesm\u011bs v Praze. V Brn\u011b organizovala SMD pobo\u010dka Spole\u010dnosti, na Slo\u00advensku Slovensk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost v Bratislav\u011b, spo\u00adle\u010dn\u011b s pobo\u010dkou Hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu, Laborato\u0159\u00ed meteorologie, Slovensk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd a Komensk\u00e9ho university.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edpravn\u00fd v\u00fdbor, kter\u00fd byl ustaven na p\u016fd\u011b HM\u00da v Praze, kde byly zastoupeny v\u00fd\u0161e jmenovan\u00e9 instituce, vypracoval pro\u00adgram pra\u017esk\u00fdch oslav a postaral se o bohatou propagandu SMD a meteorologie v\u016fbec, z\u010d\u00e1sti i v celost\u00e1tn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1962 se v Dom\u011b kultury pracuj\u00edc\u00edch ve stroj\u00ed\u00adrenstv\u00ed v Praze 5 konalo slavnostn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddil p\u0159ed\u00adseda Spole\u010dnosti, univ. prof. dr. Alois Gregor, DrSc. Sch\u016fze se z\u00fa\u010dastnili: n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lesn\u00edho a vodn\u00edho hos\u00adpod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed s. in\u017e. M\u00e1lek a z\u00e1stupci MZLVH, vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol, \u010dle\u00adnov\u00e9 Spole\u010dnosti a v hojn\u00e9m po\u010dtu zam\u011bstnanci z meteorologic\u00adk\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prof. Gregor v \u00favodn\u00edch slovech zd\u016fraznil v\u00fdznam meteoro\u00adlogie v \u017eivot\u011b lidstva, zejm\u00e9na, jak n\u00e1s v\u0161echny spojuje jedna my\u0161lenka rozvoje meteorologie a solidarita v mezin\u00e1rodni me\u00adteorologick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci. Nato pozdravil slavnostn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lesn\u00edho a vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed s. in\u017e. M\u00e1lek, kter\u00fd osv\u011btlil sou\u010dasn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm politick\u00e9m d\u011bn\u00ed i ud\u00e1losti vnitropolitick\u00e9 a pouk\u00e1zal rovn\u011b\u017e na velik\u00e9 \u00fakoly meteorologie ve v\u0161ech oborech lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a na jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam p\u0159i hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou. \u0158editel H\u00daM s. Z\u00edtek pro\u00admluvil o v\u00fdznamu Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne a jeho le\u00adto\u0161n\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed k odstran\u011bn\u00ed hladu ve sv\u011bt\u011b, jako\u017e i o p\u0159\u00ednosu meteorologie k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu pln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hlavn\u00ed refer\u00e1t na t\u00e9ma \u201eV\u00fdznam zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 meteorologie ve vztahu k zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b a v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b lidu&#8221; p\u0159ednesl akademik V\u00e1clav Nov\u00e1k z Brna. Zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee rozvoj lidsk\u00e9 civilizace stav\u00ed do pop\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00fdznam zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1kladny pro v\u00fdrobu potravin. Zajistit dostatek potravin z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u00fa\u010deln\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 zem\u011b\u00add\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b a tak\u00e9 na udr\u017een\u00ed plodnosti p\u016fdy. V tom smyslu m\u00e1 agrometeorologie p\u0159ed sebou obrovsk\u00e9 \u00fakoly, jak \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my vlivu klimatu na v\u00fdvoj zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin a na celou zem\u011bd\u011blskou v\u00fdrobu, na \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed kultur, na agrotechniku, na \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou v\u00fdrobu, jak hledat prost\u0159edky k vyu\u017eit\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a jak dosahovat vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdnos\u016f plodin, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed efektivnosti a hospod\u00e1rnosti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby atd. Podstata zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 meteorologie spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na z\u00e1ko\u00adnitostech fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed meteorologie. Tak\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed meteorologie m\u00e1 pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed kardin\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam v oboru progn\u00f3zy po\u010das\u00ed. Cenn\u00e1 jsou zejm\u00e9na hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pozdn\u00edch a \u010dasn\u00fdch mraz\u016f, a d\u00e1le dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi, kter\u00e9 budou m\u00edt nedoz\u00edrn\u00fd v\u00fdznam v mo\u017enosti pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 organizace zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a jej\u00ed ochrany proti nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm vliv\u016fm pov\u011btrnosti. Je nutno tak\u00e9 p\u0159ikro\u010dit k vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch progn\u00f3z pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, oblasti, v\u010detn\u011b fytopatologick\u00fdch a jin\u00fdch progn\u00f3z, kter\u00e9 by se ov\u0161em vztahovaly na v\u0161echna ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. V\u00fdznam agrometeorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je jasn\u00fd a nesporn\u00fd. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdnos\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin je tedy mo\u017en\u00fd jen na v\u011bdeck\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b, jeho\u017e nezbytnou slo\u017ekou je a z\u016fstane agrometeorologik\u00e1 slu\u017eba, nebo\u0165 \u010dasto je podneb\u00ed a pov\u011btrnost d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010dinitelem ne\u017e p\u016fda, o n\u00ed\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je \u017eivitelkou lid\u00ed, ov\u0161em i rostlin a zv\u00ed\u0159at. I kdy\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee mili\u00f3ny lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b hladov\u011bj\u00ed, je nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ve zu\u017eitkov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fd na Zemi jsou je\u0161t\u011b obrovsk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Z 10 miliard ha p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 je schopn\u00e1 nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ur\u010dit\u00fdmi z\u00fa\/od\u0148ovac\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi u\u010din\u011bna schopnou produkce, je vyu\u017eito jen asi 10 &#8220;<sub>0<\/sub>, tedy asi 1 miliarda ha. A v\u00fdnosy plodin mohou b\u00fdt ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku snadno zv\u00fd\u0161eny o 50 % i v\u00edce. Z t\u011bchto skute\u010dnosti jsou patrny obrovsk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti lidstva zlep\u0161it sv\u016fj osud, a tak\u00e9, \u017ee i agrometeorologie m\u00e1 p\u0159ed sebou nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed k zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b lidstva. Nen\u00ed tedy nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt obavy o budoucnost lidstva.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Slavnost, kter\u00e1 byla vhodn\u011b prolo\u017eena dv\u011bma kulturn\u00edmi vlo\u017ekami zakon\u010dil p\u0159edseda Spo\u00adle\u010dnosti prof. Gregor.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rovn\u011b\u017e Slovensk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost p\u0159i SAV v Bra\u00adtislav\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dala v budov\u011b pobo\u010dky HM\u00da oslavu SMD, za \u00fa\u010dasti Meteorologick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e Komensk\u00e9ho university a SAV a zam\u011bstnanc\u016f \u00fastavu. Dostavili se d\u00e1le z\u00e1stupci \u00daV KSS, uni\u00adversity, pobo\u010dky \u010cSAPV, \u010cSA a rozhlasu. Sch\u016fzi zah\u00e1jil \u0159editel PHM\u00da s. Dobrota, kter\u00fd vyzdvihl v\u00fdznam sv\u011btov\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce na poli meteorologie a pouk\u00e1zal na re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mo\u017enosti meteorolo\u00adgie p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b. Univ. prof. dr. M. Kon\u010dek, \u010dlen-koresp. SAV, ve sv\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce zhodnotil v\u00fdznam a historii Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho dne a pouk\u00e1zal d\u00e1le na vykonanou pr\u00e1ci a \u00fasp\u011bchy meteorologick\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165. Vedouc\u00ed oblastn\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby s. F. Moln\u00e1r pouk\u00e1zal na kon\u00adkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pomoc na\u0161emu zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, kterou poskytuje meteorolo\u00adgick\u00e1 slu\u017eba v podob\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. Za \u00daV KSS pozdravil slav\u00adnostn\u00ed sch\u016fzi z\u00e1stupce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed, blahop\u0159\u00e1l v\u0161em meteorolog\u016fm k jejich sv\u00e1tku a ocenil pomoc meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby vyd\u00e1n\u00edm Atlasu podneb\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska a Tabulek podneb\u00ed \u010cSSR. Meteorologick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b by se m\u011bla zab\u00fdvat \u00fakolem vyd\u00e1vat krajov\u00e9 progn\u00f3zy a rovn\u011b\u017e vhodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem upozor\u0148ovat na mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdchylky v pr\u016fb\u011bhu po\u010das\u00ed, p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00e9 \u0161kody na ovocn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch. D\u00e1le shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed pozdravili z\u00e1stupci \u010cSAPV a \u010cSA. V z\u00e1v\u011bru slavnosti tlumo\u010dil n\u00e1m\u011bstek \u0159editele HM\u00da s. dr. Veseck\u00fd pozdravy pra\u017esk\u00fdch meteorolog\u016f. Pod\u011bkoval za ocen\u011bn\u00ed a kladn\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9ho se n\u00e1m v\u0161em dostalo od z\u00e1stupc\u016f strany a ostatn\u00edch slo\u017eek ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, se kte\u00adr\u00fdmi je HM\u00da v \u00fazk\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm styku.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">I pobo\u010dka \u010csl. meteorologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v Brn\u011b oslavila SMD. Dne 21. b\u0159ezna 1962 uspo\u0159\u00e1dala hojn\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvenou \u010dlenskou sch\u016fzi, na kter\u00e9 promluvil doc. dr. M. Nosek, CSc. o v\u00fdznamu SMD. Akademik V\u00e1clav Nov\u00e1k referoval o \u201eV\u00fdzna\u00admu agrometeorologie pro rozvoj zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a pro boj za odstran\u011bn\u00ed nedostatku a hladu ve sv\u011bt\u011b&#8221;. P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka vyvolala bohatou diskuzi k problematice pomoci zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed u n\u00e1s.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den m\u011bl velk\u00fd ohlas v denn\u00edm tisku (Rud\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, Pr\u00e1ce, Mlad\u00e1 fronta, Obrana lidu, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 noviny, Svobodn\u00e9 slovo, Ve\u010dern\u00ed Praha, Rovnost, Pr\u00e1ca, Pravda, Sm\u011bna, Ve\u010dern\u00edk, P\u0159\u00edroda, \u017divot aj.), kde byly jednak uve\u0159ej\u00adn\u011bny zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky pracovn\u00edk\u016f meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u010cSSR, jednak ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy \u010cTK. Tak\u00e9 \u010csl. rozhlas se zapojil v den\u00adn\u00edm zpravodajstv\u00ed relacemi o SMD. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 televize dne 22. 3. 1962 v Televizn\u00edch novin\u00e1ch rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159ipomn\u011bla v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed SMD, a po ve\u010dern\u00edm zpravodajstv\u00ed prom\u00edtla film s me\u00adteorologickou tematikou, komentovan\u00fd \u0159editelem HM\u00da s. Z\u00edt\u00adkem. Nato p\u0159i \u201eBesed\u011b nad dopisy televizn\u00edch div\u00e1k\u016f&#8221; se s. dr. Koubkem a televizn\u00edm redaktorem promluvil s. Z\u00edtek<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O v\u00fdznamu SMD a jeho leto\u0161n\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. D\u00e1le meteorologick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b zpracovala vhodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem panely a n\u00e1st\u011bnky, kter\u00e9 seznamovaly ve\u0159ejnost s meteorologickou prac\u00ed v\u016fbec, s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spoluprac\u00ed v meteorologii a s \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 Sv\u011b\u00adtov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u0161em \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm z\u0159etelem k z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu heslu leto\u0161n\u00edho SMD a k v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fakol\u016fm meteorologie v r\u00e1mci pomoci zem\u011b\u00add\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K oslav\u00e1m SMD se p\u0159ipojily i ZV ROH. Tak nap\u0159. na mimo\u00ad\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 sch\u016fzi \u010dlen\u016f ROH v Praze-Sm\u00edchov\u011b promluvil velmi p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b o \u00fakolech agrometeorologie s. in\u017e. Hrbek. Uk\u00e1zal rovn\u011b\u017e na \u0161irokou spolupr\u00e1ci meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby se zem\u011bd\u011bl\u00adsk\u00fdmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky, na \u0159adu poskytovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed a pod\u00adklad\u016f, jako\u017e i na progn\u00f3zy, kter\u00e9 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 na\u0161e slu\u017eba jako \u00fa\u010din\u00adnou pomoc zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Za\u0159azujeme se tak mezi mnoho me\u00adteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovat v\u00fd\u017eivu pro obyvatelstvo, a tedy i mezi ty, kte\u0159\u00ed bojuj\u00ed za odstran\u011bn\u00ed hladu a nedostatku ve sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zda\u0159il\u00e9 a \u0161iroce zalo\u017een\u00e9 akce oslav Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho meteorologic\u00adk\u00e9ho dne v \u010cSSR byly zakon\u010deny nem\u00e9n\u011b zda\u0159il\u00fdmi spole\u010den\u00adsk\u00fdmi ve\u010d\u00edrky s tancem a z\u00e1bavn\u00fdm programem v Bratislav\u011b a v Praze, hojn\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00e9, dru\u017en\u00e9 a vesel\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>P. Hrube\u0161, MZ 1962\/3-4, ro\u010dn\u00edk 15, str. 110-111<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9599e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9599e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1e0516\" data-id=\"d1e0516\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7250802 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7250802\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">1961<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ff724e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ff724e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-94e1e15\" data-id=\"94e1e15\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1afc72e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1afc72e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content clearfix\"><div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\"><div class=\"field-items\"><div class=\"field-item even\"><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>23. b\u0159ezen &#8211; Pam\u00e1tn\u00fd den meteorologie<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne 23. b\u0159ezna 1950 vstoupila v platnost Konvence Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organisace. V d\u016fsledku podstatn\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pot\u0159eby meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch v\u0161ech st\u00e1t\u016f nabyla i Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organi\u00adsace (SMO) v posledn\u00edch letech mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Proto se V\u00fdkonn\u00fd v\u00fdbor t\u00e9to organisace v minul\u00e9m roce, kdy bylo slaveno desetilet\u00ed jej\u00edho trv\u00e1n\u00ed, usnesl, aby den 23. b\u0159ezna byl ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b dnem pam\u00e1tn\u00fdm, jako Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Meteorologie je sice jedn\u00edm z nejmlad\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdn\u00edch obor\u016f, ale byla jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch, u nich\u017e velmi z\u00e1hy nastala pot\u0159eba mezi\u00adn\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tak ji\u017e v r. 1853 se se\u0161la v Bruselu prvn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteo\u00adrologick\u00e1 konference; m\u011bla za \u00fakol zorganizovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed program meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy. Kdy\u017e se pak obdobn\u00e1 pot\u0159eba projevila i v dal\u0161\u00edch oborech, byla utvo\u0159ena v r. 1878 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 organisace, kter\u00e1 fungovala a\u017e do r. 1950. Tato organisace se velmi dob\u0159e osv\u011bd\u010dovala po str\u00e1nce v\u011bdeck\u00e9 a metodick\u00e9, proto\u017ee jej\u00edmi \u010dleny byli v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00ed odborn\u00edci. Nevyhovovala v\u0161ak v tom, \u017ee nem\u011bla pot\u0159ebn\u00fd vliv na zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a pln\u011bn\u00ed usnesen\u00ed. Proto po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se vyno\u0159ila my\u0161lenka vytvo\u00ad\u0159it novou organisaci, jej\u00edmi\u017e \u010dleny by byly st\u00e1ty; tak vznikla Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace, jako p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e1 organisace k Organisaci spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed statut &#8211; Konvence Sv\u011b\u00adtov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organisace byla vypracov\u00e1na a podeps\u00e1na v r. 1917 ve Washingtonu (USA). Vstoupila v platnost 30 dn\u00ed pot\u00e9, kdy do Washingtonu do\u0161la ratifika\u010dn\u00ed listina t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu; a to se stalo 23. b\u0159ezna 1950.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prvn\u00edm presidentem SMO byl president b\u00fdv. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho meteorologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru b\u00fdv. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 orga\u00adnisace, \u0159editel meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a sev. Irska Sir Nelson Johnson, druh\u00fdm presidentem byl \u0159editel meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f americk\u00fdch dr. F. W. Reichelderfer a nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm presidentem je gener\u00e1ln\u00ed inspektor francouzsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby A. Viaut. Prvn\u00edm gener\u00e1ln\u00edm sekret\u00e1\u0159em byl jmenov\u00e1n b\u00fdval\u00fd sekret\u00e1\u0159 Mezin\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 organisace dr. G. Swoboda, kter\u00fd do roku 1938, kdy nastoupil m\u00edsto sekret\u00e1\u0159e organisace byl vedouc\u00edm \u010ds. synoptick\u00e9 a leteck\u00e9 slu\u017eby v Praze. Nyn\u00ed je gener\u00e1ln\u00edm sekret\u00e1\u0159em SMO Angli\u010dan D. A. Davies.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010ceskoslovensko se od zrodu Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organi\u00adsace aktivn\u011b z\u00fa\u010dastnilo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny jej\u00edch akc\u00ed. Z\u00fa\u010dastnilo se vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed Konvence &#8220;organisace na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m zased\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159editel\u016f meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb ve Washingtonu v r. 1947, kde tak\u00e9 vedouc\u00ed \u010ds. delegace univ. prof. dr. A. Gregor, tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u0159editel \u010ds. meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby Konvenci za \u010ceskoslovensko podepsal (\u010ceskoslovensko je jedn\u00edm ze 42 signat\u00e1\u0159\u016f Konvence, nyn\u00ed m\u00e1 SMO ji\u017e 108 \u010dlen\u016f). Prof. dr. Gregor vedl tak\u00e9 \u010ds. delegaci na 1. kongresu SMO v r. 1951. Druh\u00e9ho (1955) a na\u00adposledy i t\u0159et\u00edho kongresu (1959) se rovn\u011b\u017e \u010ceskoslovensko z\u00fa\u010dastnilo; delegace v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech vedl nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159editel HM\u00da J. Z\u00edtek.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u0161ech pracovn\u00edch i v\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, zku\u0161enost\u00ed a publikac\u00ed z\u00edska\u00adn\u00fdch jak p\u0159\u00edmo v r\u00e1mci SMO, tak i nep\u0159\u00edmo jednostrann\u00fdmi v\u00fdm\u011bnami mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi meteorologick\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami sv\u011bta. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b zase v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oborech v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159i\u00adsp\u00edv\u00e1 k rozvoji meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby a meteorologick\u00e9 v\u011bdy ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch je mo\u017eno jmenovat realizaci \u010ds. n\u00e1vrhu na v\u00fdm\u011bnu meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed v Evrop\u011b, v n\u00ed\u017e \u010cSSR je centrem mezi spojovac\u00edmi syst\u00e9my v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. V\u00fdznamn\u00fd byl t\u00e9\u017e \u010ds. pod\u00edl na v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch akc\u00edch Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho geofyzik\u00e1l\u00adn\u00edho roku a Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Drobnosti MZ 1961\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 14, str. 42<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den Sv\u011btov\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd den se slav\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b dne 23. b\u0159ezna od roku 1961. Tento den byl zvolen proto, \u017ee k\u00a0jeho datu vstoupilo v\u00a0platnost ustaven\u00ed nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7308","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7308"}],"version-history":[{"count":83,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7450,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7308\/revisions\/7450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}