{"id":5689,"date":"2024-01-20T18:52:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T17:52:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=5689"},"modified":"2025-02-17T16:57:29","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T15:57:29","slug":"prokop-divis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/prokop-divis\/","title":{"rendered":"Prokop Divi\u0161"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5689\" class=\"elementor elementor-5689\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41a90d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41a90d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7f09fb\" data-id=\"e7f09fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d903f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d903f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Prokop Divi\u0161<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c97766 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c97766\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-388da38\" data-id=\"388da38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51601b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f51601b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>1698\u20131765<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bf3ff4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bf3ff4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98aac9a\" data-id=\"98aac9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81dfb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e81dfb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Jan_Vilimek_-_Prokop_Divis_2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Jan_Vil\u00edmek_-_Prokop_Divi\u0161_2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTcwMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDFcL0phbl9WaWxpbWVrXy1fUHJva29wX0RpdmlzXzIuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Jan_Vilimek_-_Prokop_Divis_2-259x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-5702\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Jan_Vilimek_-_Prokop_Divis_2-259x300.jpg 259w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Jan_Vilimek_-_Prokop_Divis_2.jpg 529w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prokop_Divi%C5%A1#\/media\/Soubor:Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Prokop_Divi%C5%A1_2.jpg<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6a8a6\" data-id=\"5a6a8a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef7c764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef7c764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00e1clav Prokop Divi\u0161, latinsky Procopius Divisch, n\u011bmecky Prokop Diwisch \u010di Divisch, vlastn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem V\u00e1clav Div\u00ed\u0161ek (26. b\u0159ezna 1698 Helv\u00edkovice u \u017damberka \u2013 21. prosince 1765 P\u0159\u00edm\u011btice u Znojma), byl \u010desk\u00fd katolick\u00fd kn\u011bz, teolog, \u010dlen premonstr\u00e1tsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdec, l\u00e9\u010ditel, hudebn\u00edk a vyn\u00e1lezce. Je zn\u00e1m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako vyn\u00e1lezce bleskosvodu \u010di hromosvodu (1750\u20131754). Sv\u016fj \u201emeteorologick\u00fd stroj&#8221;, kter\u00fd fungoval jako bleskosvod, sestrojil d\u0159\u00edve (1754) ne\u017e sv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce bleskosvodu Benjamin Franklin (teoretick\u00fd koncept 1753, sestrojen 1760). Divi\u0161ova koncepce byla ov\u0161em odli\u0161n\u00e1 od Franklinovy, jeho bleskosvod byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm uzemn\u011bn\u00fd, a proto fungoval l\u00e9pe.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00e1clav Div\u00ed\u0161ek se narodil v mal\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 usedlosti na okraji \u017damberka, man\u017eel\u016fm Ann\u011b a Janu Div\u00ed\u0161kov\u00fdm. \u017dil zde se sv\u00fdmi sourozenci do roku 1714, kdy\u017e zem\u0159el jeho otec, nevelk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159evzal jeho star\u0161\u00ed bratr Jan. Dnes v t\u011bchto m\u00edstech na lev\u00e9m b\u0159ehu \u0159eky Divok\u00e9 Orlice v Helv\u00edkovic\u00edch stoj\u00ed nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed staven\u00ed, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 \u201eDomek Prokopa Divi\u0161e\u201c, kter\u00e9 je od roku 1965 zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bno ve\u0159ejnosti jako sou\u010d\u00e1st M\u011bstsk\u00e9ho muzea v \u017damberku.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e93c11f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e93c11f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b169ea\" data-id=\"6b169ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-768db9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"768db9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mlad\u00fd V\u00e1clav byl vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm studentem. Na p\u0159\u00edmluvu p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho, rektora jezuitsk\u00e9 koleje ve Znojm\u011b Jind\u0159icha Du\u0161\u00edka, byl p\u0159ijat na studia jezuitsk\u00e9ho latinsk\u00e9ho gymn\u00e1zia ve Znojm\u011b jako stipendista premonstr\u00e1t\u016f Louck\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera. Po slo\u017een\u00ed \u0159eholn\u00edho slibu p\u0159ijal jm\u00e9no Prokop a sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed zm\u011bnil na Diwisch (v \u010desk\u00e9m pravopisu Divi\u0161).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1720 po absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho studia vstoupil jako novic do premonstr\u00e1tsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du v Louce u Znojma. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 1726 byl vysv\u011bcen na kn\u011bze. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se stal u\u010ditelem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd. Roku 1729 byl jmenov\u00e1n profesorem filosofie a teologie. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 pedagogick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti rozpracoval diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci z oboru teologie a filosofie. Roku 1733 svou pr\u00e1ci \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b obh\u00e1jil a byl v Salcburku promov\u00e1n na doktora teologie a v Olomouci na doktora filosofie. Po promoci v Salcburku byl jmenov\u00e1n podp\u0159evorem kl\u00e1\u0161tera v Louce.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1736 p\u0159ijal n\u00e1vrh opata Nolbeka, aby se ujal \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed farnosti v P\u0159\u00edm\u011btic\u00edch u Znojma a stal se far\u00e1\u0159em p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edm v kostele svat\u00e9 Mark\u00e9ty. Zde se pln\u011b v\u011bnoval sv\u00fdm experiment\u016fm se statickou elekt\u0159inou. K tomuto \u00fa\u010delu si vlastnoru\u010dn\u011b zhotovil p\u0159\u00edstroj zvan\u00fd elektrum. Byla to sklen\u011bn\u00e1 koule, upevn\u011bn\u00e1 k d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddeli, jej\u00edm\u017e ot\u00e1\u010den\u00edm a t\u0159en\u00edm o pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159 z telec\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1val elekt\u0159inu.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V obdob\u00ed 1741\u20131742 p\u0159evzal Prokop Divi\u0161 \u00fa\u0159ad p\u0159evora v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e v Louce a d\u00edky sv\u00e9 proz\u00edravosti zachr\u00e1nil rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd louck\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161ter p\u0159ed zk\u00e1zou b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky o rakousk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>P\u016fsoben\u00ed v P\u0159\u00edm\u011btic\u00edch a prvn\u00ed pokusy s elekt\u0159inou<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1742 se vr\u00e1til zp\u011bt na p\u0159\u00edm\u011btickou faru a tam pokra\u010doval ve sv\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech. Ji\u017e tehdy zjistil, \u017ee bl\u00fdsk\u00e1n\u00ed a h\u0159m\u011bn\u00ed za bou\u0159ky je elektrick\u00e9 podstaty a jde vlastn\u011b o tyt\u00e9\u017e jevy, kter\u00e9 pozoroval p\u0159i sv\u00fdch pokusech. Pov\u011bst o jeho experimentech se brzy donesla k c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9mu dvoru do V\u00eddn\u011b. V roce 1750 byl vyzv\u00e1n, aby sv\u00e9 pokusy demonstroval p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed zraky c\u00edsa\u0159e Franti\u0161ka \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na I. Lotrinsk\u00e9ho a c\u00edsa\u0159ovny Marie Terezie. C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd p\u00e1r byl pokusy tak nad\u0161en, \u017ee jej odm\u011bnil zlat\u00fdmi medailemi se sv\u00fdmi podobenkami. Celou dobu vedl Divi\u0161 i \u010dilou korespondenci s fyziky a u\u010denci po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b (mj. s Leonhardem Eulerem).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1753 byl v Petrohrad\u011b p\u0159i pokusech zabit bleskem profesor Georg Wilhelm Richmann a to vyprovokovalo V. P. Divi\u0161e k tomu, aby sepsal kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed o sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch v\u00fdboj\u016f z mra\u010den do zem\u011b. Tuto zpr\u00e1vu 24. \u0159\u00edjna 1753 poslal do Petrohradu Akademii v\u011bd k posouzen\u00ed. Zpr\u00e1va v\u0161ak do\u0161la pozd\u011b. O n\u011bmeck\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Divi\u0161ova pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se ov\u0161em zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od Zpr\u00e1vy petrohradsk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd, se zaslou\u017eil Divi\u0161\u016fv obdivovatel Johann Ludwig Fricker. Akademie v\u011bd Divi\u0161ov\u00fdm teori\u00edm nev\u011bnovaly pat\u0159i\u010dnou pozornost, proto\u017ee za\u010d\u00ednaly cit\u00e1ty z Bible a rozv\u00edjely elektroteologick\u00e9 teorie, kter\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byly ji\u017e zastaral\u00e9. P\u0159es tyto r\u00e9torick\u00e9 nedostatky a neznalost jazyka sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u011bdy byly konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed Divi\u0161ovy poznatky u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 a pozornost akademik\u016f by si zasluhovaly.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u011bdeck\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost byla tehdy hluboce ot\u0159esena tragickou smrt\u00ed profesora Richmanna a pokusy s blesky byly namnoze zastaveny. Prokop Divi\u0161 se v\u0161ak rozhodl realizovat sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br \u2013 postavit meteorologick\u00fd stroj. Divi\u0161\u016fv \u201emeteorologick\u00fd stroj&#8221; (machina meteorologica) nebyl hromosvod v dne\u0161n\u00edm slova smyslu. Divi\u0161\u016fv stroj m\u011bl trvale vyrovn\u00e1vat nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi nebem a zem\u00ed, a tak odvracet samotn\u00fd vznik v\u00fdboje. Z\u00e1kladem stroje byl vodorovn\u00fd \u017eelezn\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd na patn\u00e1ctimetrov\u00e9m (a pozd\u011bji 41,5 m vysok\u00e9m) sto\u017e\u00e1ru. Ramena k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee byla na konci kolmo dopln\u011bna krat\u0161\u00edmi vodorovn\u00fdmi ty\u010demi, na kter\u00fdch bylo um\u00edst\u011bno 12 kovov\u00fdch krabic, v nich\u017e bylo do siln\u00e9 vrstvy \u017eelezn\u00fdch pilin vlo\u017eeno celkem asi 400 k obloze \u010dn\u00edc\u00edch ostr\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch hrot\u016f. Cel\u00e1 konstrukce byla vodiv\u011b spojena se zem\u00ed t\u0159emi \u0159et\u011bzy.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne 15. \u010dervna 1754 vzty\u010dil Prokop Divi\u0161 sv\u016fj pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed stroj. Byla to soustava 400 kovov\u00fdch hrot\u016f spojen\u00fdch s uzemn\u011bn\u00edm, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla ods\u00e1vat elekt\u0159inu z oblak a sni\u017eovat tak nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vzniku blesku. Fungovala samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i jako bleskosvod. Americk\u00fd v\u011bdec a st\u00e1tn\u00edk Benjamin Franklin p\u0159i\u0161el ji\u017e v roce 1749 s d\u016fkazem, \u017ee blesk je elektrick\u00e9 podstaty. Sv\u016fj ty\u010dov\u00fd uzemn\u011bn\u00fd bleskosvod v\u0161ak postavil ve Filadelfii a\u017e v roce 1760, tedy \u0161est let po Divi\u0161ovi. Jednalo se o za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ideov\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 od vyn\u00e1lezu V\u00e1clava Prokopa Divi\u0161e. Benjamin Franklin sv\u016fj jednohrot\u00fd bleskosvod sestrojil na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavy, \u017ee bleskosvod pouze sv\u00e1d\u00ed blesky na ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto a nem\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit vzniku v\u00fdboj\u016f. Jeho bleskosvod se dal sn\u00e1ze sestrojit, poskytoval skute\u010dnou ochranu bez zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f, a rychle se proto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il. Prvn\u00ed Franklin\u016fv bleskosvod byl v \u010cech\u00e1ch vzty\u010den roku 1775 na z\u00e1mku M\u011b\u0161ice u Prahy, a to \u010desk\u00fdm chirurgem a anatomem Janem Tade\u00e1\u0161em Klinko\u0161em.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sv\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bl V. P. Divi\u0161 p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 bou\u0159ce. Sv\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry sepsal v rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eMagia naturalis\u201c (O podstat\u011b atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny), kter\u00fd dedikoval c\u00edsa\u0159ovn\u011b Marii Terezii. Princip sv\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu si Divi\u0161 ov\u011b\u0159il dokonce i p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho dvora, kde pomoc\u00ed hrot\u016f ukryt\u00fdch ve sv\u00e9 paruce ru\u0161il experimenty dvorn\u00edch fyzik\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1759 postihlo celou st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropu neb\u00fdval\u00e9 sucho. V P\u0159\u00edm\u011btic\u00edch se v\u0161ak vesni\u010dan\u00e9 domn\u00edvali, \u017ee pravou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou tohoto sucha je Divi\u0161\u016fv bleskosvod, kter\u00fd rozh\u00e1n\u00ed mraky.[5] Proto v b\u0159eznu roku 1760 vnikli do zahrady p\u0159\u00edm\u011btick\u00e9 fary, uvolnili zemn\u00edc\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzy a celou konstrukci bleskosvodu strhli a zni\u010dili. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b o rok pozd\u011bji ho na \u017e\u00e1dost sedl\u00e1k\u016f v P\u0159\u00edm\u011btic\u00edch postavili znovu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P. Divi\u0161 udr\u017eoval kontakty s v\u011bdci a vzd\u011blanci sv\u00e9 doby. Dopisoval si mimo jin\u00e9 s Leonhardem Eulerem.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jedna kopie Divi\u0161ova bleskosvodu dnes stoj\u00ed vedle jeho domku a druh\u00e1 kopie je um\u00edst\u011bna na budov\u011b Divi\u0161ova divadla, postaven\u00e9ho a otev\u0159en\u00e9ho v roce 1926 v \u017damberku. Dal\u0161\u00ed kopie stoj\u00ed u Pam\u00e1tn\u00edku Prokopa Divi\u0161e ve Znojm\u011b-P\u0159\u00edm\u011btic\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Elektrick\u00fd hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj \u201eDenis d&#8217;Or\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Roku 1753 vyu\u017eil V. P. Divi\u0161 (s\u00e1m v\u00fdborn\u00fd hudebn\u00edk) elektrickou energii tak\u00e9 u vlastn\u00edho hudebn\u00edho n\u00e1stroje. Sestrojil unik\u00e1tn\u00ed strunn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj \u201eZlat\u00fd Divi\u0161\u201c (Denis d&#8217;Or). Elekt\u0159ina m\u011bla \u010distit zvuk strun. Tento unik\u00e1t m\u011bl 790 kovov\u00fdch strun, 3 klaviatury, troj\u00ed ped\u00e1lov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a byl napojen na elektrickou energii leydensk\u00fdch l\u00e1hv\u00ed. Johann Ludwig Fricker, kter\u00fd Divi\u0161e osobn\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvil v jeho p\u016fsobi\u0161ti v P\u0159\u00edm\u011btic\u00edch u Znojma, podal o jeho hudebn\u00edm n\u00e1stroji nad\u0161enou zpr\u00e1vu v T\u00fcbinsk\u00fdch u\u010den\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch (T\u00fcbingische Berichte von gelehrten Sachen, XXX, \u010dervenec 1754, 395). P\u0159ipom\u00ednal zvuk dechov\u00fdch i strunn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a dok\u00e1zal zastoupit orchestr. Denis d\u2019Or dokonce okouzlil c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II. natolik, \u017ee v roce 1784 na\u0159\u00eddil p\u0159i konfiskaci majetku kl\u00e1\u0161tera v Louce, aby byl p\u0159evezen ke dvoru do V\u00eddn\u011b, kde na n\u011bj koncertoval mnich Norbert Weiser. N\u00e1stroj se v\u0161ak do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby nedochoval, jeho stopy kon\u010d\u00ed v Pre\u0161purku.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed elekt\u0159iny pro l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P. Divi\u0161 vyu\u017e\u00edval statickou elekt\u0159inu tak\u00e9 pro l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, pozoroval jej\u00ed blahod\u00e1rn\u00fd vliv na l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch forem ochrnut\u00ed, revmatismu a svalov\u00fdch k\u0159e\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jeho l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed prob\u00edhalo tak, \u017ee na podstavec z dob\u0159e vysu\u0161en\u00e9ho bukov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva byla postavena deska na speci\u00e1ln\u00edch no\u017ek\u00e1ch pokryt\u00e1 vln\u011bn\u00fdm kobere\u010dkem a pak na ni na \u017eidli posazen nemocn\u00fd. K elektrizov\u00e1n\u00ed Divi\u0161 pou\u017e\u00edval kovov\u00e9 ty\u010dky, opat\u0159en\u00e9 kuli\u010dkou, zasazen\u00e9 do dob\u0159e izolovan\u00e9 rukojeti. Ty\u010dka byla spojena vodi\u010dem se zdrojem elekt\u0159iny. L\u00e9\u010den\u00edm si V. P. Divi\u0161 proti sob\u011b postavil nejen l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edky, ale tak\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159e a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 energie k terapeutick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm V. P. Divi\u0161 konzultoval s dvorn\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159em c\u00edsa\u0159ovny Marie Terezie Gerardem van Swietenem (1700\u20131772), kter\u00fd byl uzn\u00e1vanou autoritou v oboru medic\u00edny a l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed v Rakousku a Divi\u0161ovo uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 energie velmi pozitivn\u011b oce\u0148oval. O sv\u00fdch pokusech Divi\u0161 sepsal mnoho pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed, tiskem ale vy\u0161la pouze n\u011bkter\u00e1 a to je\u0161t\u011b nav\u00edc mimo Rakousko, kde nepro\u0161la cenzurou.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prokop Divi\u0161 zem\u0159el ve Znojm\u011b v prosinci 1765, p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje ale nejsou dolo\u017eeny. Jako m\u00edsto se uv\u00e1d\u00ed P\u0159im\u011btice nebo i nedalek\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161ter v Louce. Jako den se uv\u00e1d\u00ed 21. prosinec 1765, v publikaci Eduarda Alberta z roku 1898 jsou ale citov\u00e1ny hned dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy: podle katalogu premonstr\u00e1tsk\u00fdch kanovn\u00edk\u016f to bylo 22. prosince 1765, podle nekrologia strahovsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera 25. prosince 1765. Poh\u0159ben je snad ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m hrob\u011b louck\u00fdch premonstr\u00e1t\u016f ve Znojm\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Zaj\u00edmavosti<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jm\u00e9no Prokopa Divi\u0161e bylo um\u00edst\u011bno na budov\u011b N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea v Praze spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi jednasedmdes\u00e1ti jm\u00e9ny v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 historie.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1955 nato\u010dil re\u017eis\u00e9r Jarom\u00edr Va\u0161ta s V\u00e1clavem Voskou kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u017eivotopisn\u00fd film o Prokopu Divi\u0161ovi jako absolventskou pr\u00e1ci. V brn\u011bnsk\u00e9m televizn\u00edm studiu byla nato\u010dena v roce 1977 inscenace zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed Divi\u0161ova p\u016fsoben\u00ed v P\u0159\u00edm\u011btic\u00edch (re\u017eie Ji\u0159\u00ed B\u011blka, v tituln\u00ed roli Milo\u0161 Nedbal).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prokop_Divi%C5%A1<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57abda0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57abda0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec8693d\" data-id=\"ec8693d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6493868 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6493868\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1280px-Prokop_Divis_rodny_domek-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1280px-Prokop_Divis_rodny_domek (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTcwMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDFcLzEyODBweC1Qcm9rb3BfRGl2aXNfcm9kbnlfZG9tZWstMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1280px-Prokop_Divis_rodny_domek-1-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5703\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1280px-Prokop_Divis_rodny_domek-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1280px-Prokop_Divis_rodny_domek-1-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1280px-Prokop_Divis_rodny_domek-1-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1280px-Prokop_Divis_rodny_domek-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Autor: Bohemianroots \u2013 Taken by Bohemianroots, CC BY-SA 3.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=1694266<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4445d0d\" data-id=\"4445d0d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ca04b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6ca04b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prokop_Divis_bust_detail.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Prokop_Divis_bust_detail\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTcwNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDFcL1Byb2tvcF9EaXZpc19idXN0X2RldGFpbC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prokop_Divis_bust_detail-576x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5704\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prokop_Divis_bust_detail-576x1024.jpg 576w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prokop_Divis_bust_detail-169x300.jpg 169w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prokop_Divis_bust_detail-768x1366.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prokop_Divis_bust_detail.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Prokop Divi\u0161 \u2013 busta na Divi\u0161ov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159ed budovou Jezuitsk\u00e9 koleje ve Znojm\u011b. Bustu vytvo\u0159il Jan Tom\u00e1\u0161 Fischer.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91932a7\" data-id=\"91932a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fdb974 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1fdb974\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/800px-Prokop_Divis_plaque.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"800px-Prokop_Divis_plaque\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTcwNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDFcLzgwMHB4LVByb2tvcF9EaXZpc19wbGFxdWUuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"909\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/800px-Prokop_Divis_plaque.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5705\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/800px-Prokop_Divis_plaque.jpg 800w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/800px-Prokop_Divis_plaque-264x300.jpg 264w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/800px-Prokop_Divis_plaque-768x873.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Prokop Divi\u0161 \u2013 detail pam\u011btn\u00ed desky na budov\u011b Jezuitsk\u00e9ho gymn\u00e1zia na Jezuitsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed ve Znojm\u011b. Desku vytvo\u0159il Jan Tom\u00e1\u0161 Fischer (1912\u20131957)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prokop Divi\u0161 1698\u20131765 https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prokop_Divi%C5%A1#\/media\/Soubor:Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Prokop_Divi%C5%A1_2.jpg V\u00e1clav Prokop Divi\u0161, latinsky Procopius Divisch, n\u011bmecky Prokop Diwisch \u010di Divisch, vlastn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem V\u00e1clav Div\u00ed\u0161ek (26. b\u0159ezna 1698 Helv\u00edkovice u \u017damberka \u2013 21. prosince 1765 P\u0159\u00edm\u011btice [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5689","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5689"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5689\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15138,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5689\/revisions\/15138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}