{"id":3427,"date":"2023-12-31T15:12:07","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T14:12:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=3427"},"modified":"2023-12-31T15:13:44","modified_gmt":"2023-12-31T14:13:44","slug":"sto-let-rakouske-meteorologicke-spolecnosti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/sto-let-rakouske-meteorologicke-spolecnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Sto let rakousk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3427\" class=\"elementor elementor-3427\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f0d0d76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f0d0d76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-999db33\" data-id=\"999db33\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68161e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"68161e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Sto let rakousk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54d9213 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54d9213\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f50a665\" data-id=\"f50a665\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df5126 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3df5126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><p class=\"rtejustify\">Jej\u00ed zalo\u017eeni pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 k d\u011bjin\u00e1m meteorologie u n\u00e1s, je\u017e ov\u0161em souvis\u00ed s d\u011bjinami meteorologie v\u016fbec. O n\u011bm p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el (Zeit\u00adschr. d. \u00f6sterr. Ges. f. Met., 1866, str. 1\u20147) na prvn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, 16. listopadu 1865, dr. Carl Jel\u00ednek, tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u0159editel c. k. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho \u00fastavu pro meteorologii a zemsk\u00fd mag\u00adnetismus (narodil se 23. X. 1822 v Brn\u011b, p\u0159i\u0161el do V\u00eddn\u011b z pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, byl \u010dlenem Zemsk\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu v Praze a zem\u0159el 19. X. 1876 ve V\u00eddni).<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">Zm\u00ednil se nejprve o tehdej\u0161\u00edch po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch zpravodajstv\u00ed, aby od\u016fvodnil nutnost meteorologie proti jej\u00edm odp\u016frc\u016fm. Pak mluvil o pot\u0159eb\u011b soust\u0159edit jednotliv\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky a o mezin\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci: \u201eNej\u017e\u00e1doucn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed by bylo, kdyby v\u0161ichni me\u00adteorologov\u00e9 Evropy utvo\u0159ili velk\u00fd spolek a prov\u00e1d\u011bli pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed i v\u00fdzkumy podle ur\u010dit\u00e9ho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu.&#8221; (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace pak byla zalo\u017eena r. 1872 v Lipsku.) Nemohl tu\u0161it, \u017ee Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace ur\u010d\u00ed teprve za sto let Moskvu jako jedno ze t\u0159\u00ed budouc\u00edch st\u0159edisek sv\u011btov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu meteoro\u00adlogick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed, krom\u011b Washingtonu a Melbournu. Zm\u00ednil se t\u00e9\u017e o mannheimsk\u00e9 spo\u00adle\u010dnosti (M. z., 1954, str. 4), kter\u00e1 sledovala podobn\u00fd c\u00edl.<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">Jako p\u0159\u00edklady pak uvedl anglickou spole\u010dnost od r. 1850 a francouzskou od prosince 1852. Krom\u011b n\u00ed vznikla v r. 1864 z podn\u011btu Le Verrierova V\u011bdeck\u00e1 spole\u010dnost pro rozvoj astro\u00adnomie a meteorologie, tehdy ji\u017e s v\u00edce ne\u017e 2500 \u010dleny a zna\u010dn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky. Tak\u00e9 ve Skotsku a na ostrov\u011b Mauritiu byly spo\u00adle\u010dnosti. Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku zalo\u017eila meteorologick\u00e1 komise P\u0159\u00edrodo\u00adv\u011bdeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v letech 1862 a 1863 celkem 88 stanic a vy\u00adbavila je dobr\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji. Tak\u00e9 v It\u00e1lii zam\u00fd\u0161leli zalo\u017eit spo\u00adle\u010dnost a od ledna 1865 vyd\u00e1vali bulletin. D\u00e1le se Jel\u00ednek zm\u00ednil ob\u0161\u00edrn\u011bji.o italsk\u00e9 meteorologii a dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dasopisech, kter\u00e9 tam za\u010dali vyd\u00e1vat ned\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je nakonec zm\u00ednka o Corrispondenza scientifica v \u0158\u00edm\u011b s meteorologick\u00fdmi bulletiny pan\u00ed Kathariny Scarpellini (mo\u017en\u00e1 prvn\u00ed \u017eeny na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala meteorologi\u00ed).<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">D\u00e1le pouk\u00e1zal na \u010dl\u00e1nek Karla F r i t s c h e, m\u00edsto\u0159editele \u00fastavu (nar. 16. 8. 1812 v Praze, zem\u0159el 26. 12. 1879 v Salc\u00adburku) v Oesterreichische Wochenschrift, kter\u00fd v n\u011bm jasn\u011b a podrobn\u011b dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee spole\u010dnost nen\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00e1. Spolupr\u00e1ce \u010dlen\u016f bude naopak u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b tam, kde meteorologie hrani\u010d\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi v\u011bdn\u00edmi obory, a tam, kde se uplatn\u00ed v praktick\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. (Fritsch se toti\u017e zab\u00fdval mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 fenologii, a to u\u017e v Praze.) Spole\u010dnost a \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed \u00fastav se budou navz\u00e1jem pod\u00adporovat t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st \u010dlen\u016f spole\u010dnosti budou tvo\u0159it pracovn\u00edci \u00fastavu a pozorovatel\u00e9 na meteorologick\u00fdch stanic\u00edch (tehdy byli pozorovateli \u010dasto lid\u00e9 vzd\u011blan\u00ed a v\u00fdznamn\u00ed).<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">Nakonec se Jel\u00ednek zm\u00ednil stru\u010dn\u011b o vlastn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1ch za\u00adlo\u017een\u00ed. Podn\u011bt dal ji\u017e p\u0159ed del\u0161\u00ed dobou Fritsch a v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00ed po\u00adzorovatel\u00e9 ve sv\u00fdch dopisech. Dne 28. ledna 1863 se n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00e1tel meteorologie se\u0161lo k d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdm (!) hovor\u016fm. Dne 23. \u00fanora pak p\u0159edlo\u017eili n\u00e1vrh stanov a po\u017e\u00e1dali o povolen\u00ed zalo\u017eit spole\u010d\u00adnost. O v\u00edce ne\u017e dva roky pozd\u011bji je sice dostali \u201enejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm roz\u00adhodnut\u00edm&#8221; z 28. dubna 1865, ale s podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee stanovy budou schv\u00e1leny teprve tehdy, a\u017e budou dopln\u011bny. To se pak stalo v\u00fdnosem st\u00e1tn\u00edho ministerstva z 22. \u010dervna 1865. Ke dni p\u0159ed\u00adn\u00e1\u0161ky se p\u0159ihl\u00e1silo 13 zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch a 127 \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f. Zakl\u00e1\u00addaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dlenem se stal tak\u00e9 ministr obchodu Bernhard Freiherr von W\u00fcllerstorf-Urbair, kter\u00fd t\u00edm osv\u011bd\u010dil sv\u016fj z\u00e1jem o c\u00edle spole\u010dnosti. Byl pak prvn\u00edm v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm 12. prosin\u00adce 1865, kdy byla spole\u010dnost ustavena, zvolen jej\u00edm presidentem. To u\u017e m\u011bla 15 zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch a 163 \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f, o rok pozd\u011bji 17 a 229, kdy bylo zvoleno prvn\u00edch 12 \u010destn\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f, vesm\u011bs zahrani\u010dn\u00edch.<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo \u010dasopisu spole\u010dnosti vy\u0161lo a\u017e 1. kv\u011btna 1866. P\u0159esto a p\u0159es v\u00e1le\u010dnou dobu vy\u0161lo do konce roku 24 \u010d\u00edsel, sice \u00fatl\u00fdch, v\u011bt\u0161inou po 16 stran\u00e1ch, form\u00e1tu asi 15&#215;23 (sazba 10&#215;17), ale v rychl\u00e9m sledu, v\u011bt\u0161inou po 10 dnech. Krom\u011b Jelinka jej redigoval Julius H a n n, tehdy je\u0161t\u011b bez doktorsk\u00e9ho titulu a tak\u00e9 nebyl \u010dlenem v\u00fdboru spole\u010dnosti. Po zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m Jel\u00ednkov\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku o zalo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dnosti obsahoval geograficko-meteorologick\u00fd p\u0159ehled v\u011btru a de\u0161t\u011b v Ar\u00e1bii. Napsal jej soukrom\u00fd u\u010denec Med. Dr. A. M\u00fchry z G\u00f6ttingen. \u010cl\u00e1nek skon\u010dil ve dru\u00adh\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle. (M\u00fchry vydal ji\u017e v r. 1860 Geografickou meteorologii a 1863 Klimatologick\u00fd p\u0159ehled Zem\u011b, dopl\u0148ky k n\u011bmu pak v r. 1865.) Pozd\u011bji uve\u0159ejnil v prvn\u00edm ro\u010dn\u00edku \u010dasopisu je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky. V Jel\u00ednkov\u011b p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce je jmenov\u00e1n v souvislosti s Brandesem, K\u00e4mtzem, Dovem, Lamontem.<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">Ve druh\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle n\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1 stru\u010dn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o Kreilov\u011b Kli\u00admatologie von B\u00f6hmen z r. 1865 (t\u0159i roky po jeho smrti), v n\u00ed\u017e je tak\u00e9 historick\u00e1 skica meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch.<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">D\u00e1le zm\u00ednka o pr\u00e1ci Rud. v. Vivenota o vlivu zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9ho tlaku vzduchu na lidsk\u00fd organismus, darovan\u00e9 autorem mimo jin\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce knihovn\u011b spole\u010dnosti. V 5. a 6. \u010d\u00edsle je podrobn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va o p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edch po\u010das\u00ed pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny. V 7. \u010d\u00edsle je \u010dl\u00e1nek presidenta spole\u010dnosti von W\u00fcllerstorf-Urbaira o aneroidu jako p\u0159istroj\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zm\u011bn t\u00ed\u017ee. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 ov\u0161em, \u017ee aneroid je stejn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fd jako rtu\u0165ov\u00fd tlakom\u011br. Ve 13. \u010d\u00edsle otiskl prof. dr. C. Rothe p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ku o meteorologick\u00fdch pom\u011brech v Bra\u00adtislav\u011b, v 17. \u010d\u00edsle Hann\u016fv jedin\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek v tomto ro\u010dn\u00edku, o f\u00f6hnu, ve 21. \u010d\u00edsle popis Naudetova aneroidu, minim\u00e1ln\u00edho tep\u00adlom\u011bru Casella a maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho teplom\u011bru Geisslerova, ve 22. a 23. \u010d\u00edsle zpr\u00e1va o telegrafick\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch v Rus\u00adku, zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ke konci (str. 363\/364). Na celou \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek nebylo tehdy je\u0161t\u011b odpov\u011bdi. Ryka\u010dev se domn\u00edval, \u017ee nikdy nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 odpov\u011bd\u011bt na v\u0161echny tyto ot\u00e1zky, n\u00fdbr\u017e jenom na v\u011bt\u0161inu, na n\u011bkter\u00e9 pak p\u0159esn\u011b.<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">V posledn\u00edm \u010d\u00edsle je Fritsch\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek o vlivu roje l\u00e9tavic na tlak vzduchu. Dnes lze t\u011b\u017eko pochopit, pro\u010d Jel\u00ednek, redaktor \u010dasopisu a \u0159editel \u00fastavu, dovolil uve\u0159ejnit tento \u010dl\u00e1nek sv\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce a hned za n\u00edm uvedl sv\u016fj opa\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zor. Krom\u011b toho o tucet str\u00e1nek d\u00e1le otiskl drtivou a s\u017e\u00edravou kritiku kn\u00ed\u017eky: G. B r e s s o n, La pr\u00e9vision du temps, kter\u00e1 pojedn\u00e1vala tak\u00e9 o p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed podle l\u00e9tavic.<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">Z obsahu prvn\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku je patrn\u00e9, jak tehdej\u0161\u00ed pracovnici t\u00e1pali, hledaj\u00edce odpov\u011bdi na spousty ot\u00e1zek, nap\u0159. co je to b\u00f3ra, f\u00f6hn, v\u00edr za poho\u0159\u00edm, inverze (tento v\u00fdraz se tam ov\u0161em je\u0161t\u011b nevyskytuje), zda redukovat tlak vzduchu na hladinu mo\u0159e nebo ne, zda je mlha nebo mrak z kapi\u010dek \u010di bublinek apod. Ale u\u017e se objevuje v\u00fdklad vzniku jezera studen\u00e9ho vzduchu, Hann se d\u016fvtipn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed vyvr\u00e1tit nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1zor &#8211; geolog\u016f, \u017ee f\u00f6hn p\u0159i\u00adch\u00e1z\u00ed ze Sahary, nebo tak\u00e9 (Dove) z Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, pouka\u00adzem na f\u00f6hn v Gr\u00f3nsku, dokonce i severn\u00edm. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 k nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu n\u00e1zoru: \u201eJe v\u00edce ne\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee jihov\u00fd\u00adchodn\u00ed v\u00edtr v Gr\u00f3nsku nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e horn\u00ed pas\u00e1t, n\u00e1\u0161 jiho\u00adz\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u00edtr, kter\u00fd se v severn\u00edch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch kraj\u00edch zd\u00e1 odchy\u00adlovat a v\u00e1t jako jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed.&#8221; V pozn\u00e1mce pod \u010darou cituje M\u00fchryho d\u0159\u00edve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd Klimatografick\u00fd p\u0159ehled Zem\u011b, kter\u00fd ho patrn\u011b svedl k fale\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159edstav\u011b. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b v\u0161ak poukazuje na to, \u017ee horn\u00ed pas\u00e1t se p\u0159i sestupu dol\u016f otepluje t\u00edm, \u017ee se vzduch stla\u010duje a sou\u010dasn\u011b tak\u00e9 kles\u00e1 jeho relativn\u00ed vlhkost. V jin\u00e9 po\u00adzn\u00e1mce pod \u010darou a v dal\u0161\u00edm textu pod\u00e1v\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed f\u00f6hnu, av\u0161ak zat\u00edm jenom jako spekulaci. Je\u0161t\u011b se neodv\u00e1\u017eil vyslovit je jako skute\u010dnost, pon\u011bvad\u017e nem\u011bl psychrometricky zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 relativn\u00ed vlhkosti, a d\u00e1vn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost, \u017ee vzduch je p\u0159i f\u00f6hnu velmi such\u00fd, mu z\u0159ejm\u011b nesta\u010dila. O\u010dek\u00e1val v\u0161ak, \u017ee to \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 komise brzy provede. Ke konci pouka\u00adzuje na teplo utajen\u00e9 ve vlhk\u00e9m vzduchu, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i kondenzaci uvol\u0148uje.<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 dohady se tehdy prom\u00edch\u00e1valy s nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdmi, jako byl nap\u0159. Fritsch\u016fv \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1zor o vzniku velk\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek v l\u00e9t\u011b (str. 164\/165). T\u011b\u017ece se rodila meteorologie v t\u011bch dob\u00e1ch. Pejml tedy celkem pr\u00e1vem nazval prvn\u00ed kapitolu ve sv\u00e9 knize Opravdov\u00e1 kniha prorok\u016f: \u201ePrav\u011bk je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed sto lety.&#8221; P\u0159esto se najde tu a tam jasn\u00fd n\u00e1znak, jak \u00fa\u017easn\u011b bl\u00edzko byli pojmu fronty. Nap\u0159. Fritsch: \u201eV zim\u011b naopak vznikaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee pol\u00e1rn\u00ed proud vnik\u00e1 do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed oh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9ho a parami nasycen\u00e9ho ekvatore\u00e1ln\u00edm proudem, nebo obr\u00e1cen\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee ekvatore\u00e1ln\u00ed proud vnik\u00e1 do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed ochlazen\u00e9ho pol\u00e1r\u00adn\u00edm proudem. Pon\u011bvad\u017e to v\u0161ak prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch, ned\u00e1 se obvykle pozorovat p\u0159\u00edmo. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se v\u00edtr zna\u010dn\u011b sto\u010d\u00ed, a\u017e do \u00fapln\u011b opa\u010dn\u00e9ho sm\u011bru, av\u0161ak z\u0159\u00eddka bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed a poruch, kter\u00e9 prozrazuj\u00ed boj obou proud\u016f o m\u011bnlivou vl\u00e1du a jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou sr\u00e1\u017eek dlouh\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed a velmi prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 intenzity, co do vydatnosti tak\u00e9 stejn\u00fdch jako letn\u00ed. V p\u0159echod\u00adn\u00fdch obdob\u00edch na ja\u0159e a na podzim jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou velk\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek n\u011bkdy vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed, n\u011bkdy horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 proudy.&#8221;<\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\">T\u011b\u017eko dnes pochopit, pro\u010d trvalo je\u0161t\u011b p\u016fl stolet\u00ed, ne\u017e teore\u00adtick\u00fd fyzik Vilem Bjerknes vybudoval teorii pol\u00e1rn\u00ed fronty. Snad to lze pon\u011bkud vysv\u011btlit t\u00edm &#8211; jak to Fritsch nazna\u010dil &#8211; \u017ee k n\u00e1m cykl\u00f3ny p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed u\u017e v pokro\u010dil\u00e9m stavu v\u00fdvoje, kde\u017eto do Nor\u00adska v ran\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. A tak\u00e9 t\u00edm, jak to napsal Pejml ve sv\u00e9 knize (str. 132 a 134): \u201ePo jeho (Fitzroyov\u011b) smrti nastal na dosti dlouhou dobu \u00fapadek t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 metody, nebyl d\u016fstojn\u00fd po\u00adkra\u010dovatel. Meteorologov\u00e9 jako by novou cestu neznali. Tvrdo\u00ad\u0161\u00edjn\u011b p\u0159e\u0161lapovali na m\u00edst\u011b a p\u0159edpov\u00eddali po\u010das\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z pohybu tlakov\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 jednostrann\u011b se zab\u00fdvali stu\u00addiem rozd\u011bleni atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho tlaku p\u0159i povrchu Zem\u011b, v tak\u00adzvan\u00e9m barick\u00e9m poli. Barometr jim u\u010daroval, tak trochu v\u011b\u00ad\u0159ili v jeho samospasitelnost. Vysoko do vzduchu se dostat ne\u00admohli, nem\u011bli \u010d\u00edm. Lety v bal\u00f3nech byly v za\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch &#8230;&#8221; Ostatn\u011b ve V\u00eddni se asi za\u010daly kreslit synoptick\u00e9 mapy teprve pozd\u011bji a zprvu docela jinak, bez izobar. A p\u0159ece, jak velik\u00fd pokrok ud\u011b\u00adlala meteorologie za sto let!<\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\">Snad nebude na \u0161kodu vzpomenout p\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro budouc\u00edho historiografa na\u0161\u00ed meteorologie, jak si profesor Hanzl\u00edk povzdechl kdysi d\u00e1vno v rozhovoru s podepsan\u00fdm, \u017ee se m\u011bl dr\u017eet toho, s \u010d\u00edm za\u010dal. Toti\u017e prostorov\u00e9ho studia ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Snad by byl objevil p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v t\u00e9\u017ee dob\u011b jako Bjerknes to, co bylo u\u017e pades\u00e1t let na dosah. Profesor Hanzl\u00edk v\u0161ak pr\u00fd musil za prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, tehdy je\u0161t\u011b svobodn\u00fd, s batohem na z\u00e1\u00addech sh\u00e1n\u011bt \u017eivobyt\u00ed po vesnic\u00edch, jak se to tehdy d\u011blalo. A tak\u00e9 jeho v\u011bdeck\u00fd z\u00e1jem se obr\u00e1til jin\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><em>Emil Vesel\u00fd, MZ 1965\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 18, str. 182-183<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sto let rakousk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Jej\u00ed zalo\u017eeni pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 k d\u011bjin\u00e1m meteorologie u n\u00e1s, je\u017e ov\u0161em souvis\u00ed s d\u011bjinami meteorologie v\u016fbec. O n\u011bm p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el (Zeit\u00adschr. d. \u00f6sterr. Ges. f. Met., [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3427","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3427"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3427\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}