{"id":17305,"date":"2026-04-13T09:14:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=17305"},"modified":"2026-06-17T10:41:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T08:41:43","slug":"unor-1956-v-cesku-a-v-okolnich-zemich","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/unor-1956-v-cesku-a-v-okolnich-zemich\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00danor 1956 v \u010cesku a v okoln\u00edch zem\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"17305\" class=\"elementor elementor-17305\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-301420a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"301420a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9819fdb\" data-id=\"9819fdb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71085b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71085b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mraziv\u00fd \u00fanor 1956 v \u010cesku a ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b <\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-453c8a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"453c8a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-828791a\" data-id=\"828791a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aee9a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8aee9a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pavel Lipina<sup>1<\/sup>, Veronika \u0160ustkov\u00e1<sup>1<\/sup>, Jan Proch\u00e1zka<sup>2<\/sup>, Miloslav M\u00fcller<sup>3,4<\/sup> Kl\u00e1ra \u010c\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1<sup>1<\/sup><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>1 <\/sup>\u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav, pobo\u010dka Ostrava, K\u00a0Myslivn\u011b 3\/2185, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"mailto:pavel.lipina@chmi.cz\"><em>pavel.lipina@chmi.cz<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em><a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"mailto:veronika.sustkova@chmi.cz\"><em>veronika.sustkova@chmi.cz<\/em><\/a><em>, klara.cizkova@chmi.cz<br \/><\/em><sup>2 <\/sup>Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 univerzita v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, Fakulta zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 a technologick\u00e1, Studentsk\u00e1 1668, 37005 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, <em>prochazkaj@fzt.jcu.cz<\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>3<\/sup> \u00dastav fyziky atmosf\u00e9ry AV \u010cR, v. v. i., odd\u011blen\u00ed meteorologie, Bo\u010dn\u00ed II 1401, 141 00 Praha 4, <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"mailto:muller@ufa.cas.cz\"><em>muller@ufa.cas.cz<\/em><\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<sup>4<\/sup> Univerzita Karlova, P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakulta, katedra fyzick\u00e9 geografie a geoekologie, Albertov 6, 120 00 Praha 2<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-336acfb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"336acfb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-114e27a\" data-id=\"114e27a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f2a29f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f2a29f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1.\t\u00davod<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a38b6d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a38b6d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b2e981\" data-id=\"0b2e981\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2155f18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2155f18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0\u00fanoru 2026 uplynulo 70 let od extr\u00e9mn\u011b studen\u00e9ho \u00fanora 1956. Tento m\u011bs\u00edc je \u010dasto srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n s\u00a0\u00fanorem 1929, kter\u00fd byl v\u00a0\u010cesku nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edcem v\u00a0posledn\u00edch 150 letech, kdy m\u00e1me dostupn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 data pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k\u00a0takov\u00e9mu vyhodnocen\u00ed. Denn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu zaznamenan\u00e1 31.\u00a0ledna a ve dnech 1., 9. a 10. \u00fanora (na Slovensku tak\u00e9 16.\u201318.\u00a0\u00fanora) 1956 se \u010dasto srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdm absolutn\u00edm minimem z 11.\u00a0\u00fanora 1929.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na z\u00e1klad\u011b\u00a0vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f ze \u0160umavy se objevuj\u00ed informace, \u017ee se v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 mohly v\u00a0mrazov\u00fdch oblastech vyskytnout teploty vzduchu a\u017e kolem \u221245\u00a0\u00b0C. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu jsme se na po\u010d\u00e1tku domn\u00edvali, \u017ee podrobn\u011b zpracujeme celou zimu 1955\/1956. P\u0159i anal\u00fdze nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zim jsme v\u0161ak zjistili, \u017ee zima 1955\/1956 jako celek nepat\u0159\u00ed mezi ty nechladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto jsme od podrobn\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 zimy upustili. Soust\u0159edili jsme se zejm\u00e9na na p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a pr\u016fb\u011bh nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho obdob\u00ed, tj. p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 31. ledna do 10. \u00fanora 1956, a n\u00e1sledn\u011b na podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zhodnocen\u00ed \u00fanora 1956 jako celku.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Proto\u017ee rozloha \u010ceska nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1 a po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed obvykle \u201enerespektuj\u00ed\u201c st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice, rozhodli jsme se zpracovat tuto epizodu na \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed, tj. v\u010detn\u011b okoln\u00edch zem\u00ed. Do zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jsme zahrnuli v\u0161echna dostupn\u00e1 data z\u00a0\u010ceska, Slovenska, Polska, N\u011bmecka a\u00a0Rakouska. V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee region\u00e1ln\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup p\u0159inese \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace nejen o extr\u00e9mech teploty vzduchu, ale tak\u00e9 o\u00a0dostupnosti meteorologick\u00fdch dat v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed na dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b chladn\u00e9 epizody jsme nashrom\u00e1\u017edili velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch dat, datov\u00fdch soubor\u016f, graf\u016f a map. Rozhodli jsme se proto zp\u0159\u00edstupnit i materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 se do p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku neve\u0161ly, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 k\u00a0tomuto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc3232a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc3232a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50da8e8\" data-id=\"50da8e8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45eeee6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45eeee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2.\tZima 1955\/1956 v literatu\u0159e a v m\u00e9di\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e8689c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e8689c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b01f7a\" data-id=\"8b01f7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-817c859 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"817c859\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Michal \u017d\u00e1k s\u00a0Tom\u00e1\u0161em Karl\u00edkem (2026) uvedli na webu \u010cT24: <em>\u201e\u00danor p\u0159ed sedmdes\u00e1ti lety p\u0159inesl v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b chladn\u00e9 teploty. Tehdy sev\u0159el sibi\u0159sk\u00fd mr\u00e1z v\u011bt\u0161inu Evropy, v\u010detn\u011b tuzemska. Chlad, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el z rusk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Arktidy, zp\u016fsobil kontinentu spoustu probl\u00e9m\u016f.\u201c<\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V minulosti se vyskytly zimy je\u0161t\u011b studen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ta nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nastala u\u017e v\u00a0sezon\u011b 1829\/1830 s pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotou vzduchu v\u00a0Praze-Klementinu \u22126,2 \u00b0C. Proslul\u00e1 zima 1928\/1929, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9 byla zaznamen\u00e1na dosud nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplota vzduchu na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed (\u221242,2 \u00b0C v\u00a0Litv\u00ednovic\u00edch u \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic), se v\u00a0klementinsk\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b um\u00edstila a\u017e na \u0161est\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b \u00fanor 1929 se stal v\u016fbec nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edcem z cel\u00e9 klementinsk\u00e9 \u0159ady od roku 1775, jeho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota tehdy dos\u00e1hla \u221211,0 \u00b0C. Po prosinci 1788 s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotou vzduchu \u22129,7 \u00b0C se na t\u0159et\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b um\u00edstil \u00fanor 1956, kdy pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplota dos\u00e1hla v\u00a0Klementinu hodnoty \u22129,4 \u00b0C (Da\u0148helka et al. 2025). Od t\u00e9 doby se v Klementinu vyskytly jen dva m\u011bs\u00edce s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotou pod \u22125,0 \u00b0C (ledny 1963 a 1987). Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 \u00fanorov\u00e1 teplota za t\u0159icetilet\u00ed 1991\u20132020 je v Klementinu 2,3 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prvn\u00ed informac\u00ed o pr\u016fb\u011bhu zimy 1955\u20131956 v\u00a0Meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch byl p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek <em>Promrz\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fd v\u00a0zim\u011b 1955\u20131956<\/em> (Hrbek a Krhounek 1957). Auto\u0159i se v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlivy p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edmi na promrz\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fd a\u00a0podrobn\u011b zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed vliv sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky. V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost pr\u016fb\u011bhu teploty vzduchu, teploty p\u016fdy a v\u00fd\u0161ky celkov\u00e9 sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti zpracovali auto\u0159i pr\u016fb\u011bh n\u011bkter\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch prvk\u016f ve velmi tuh\u00fdch zim\u00e1ch 1928\/29, 1953\/54 a 1955\/56. Z\u00a0chodu teploty vzduchu je vid\u011bt, \u017ee nejdrsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byla z\u00a0hlediska teploty p\u016fdy zima 1928\/29, kdy vlivem dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edch mraz\u016f promrzal p\u016fdn\u00ed profil nejhloub\u011bji. Promrznut\u00ed p\u016fd v\u00a0zim\u011b 1955\/56 bylo men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed 1953\/54, p\u0159esto\u017ee tehdy bylo tepleji, le\u017eela toti\u017e jen n\u00edzk\u00e1 sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ve t\u0159et\u00edm \u010d\u00edsle Meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v roku 1957 vy\u0161el stru\u010dn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek Jaroslava Ma\u0148\u00e1ka s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem <em>Mo\u017eno pl\u00e1novat abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed chod teploty v\u00a0\u00fanoru?<\/em> (Ma\u0148\u00e1k 1957). Autor uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fanorov\u00e1 zima 1956 p\u0159ekvapila kdekoho, nejv\u00edce u\u017eivatele parovod\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli p\u0159ekvapeni \u00fa\u010dty za nadm\u011brnou dod\u00e1vku p\u00e1ry k\u00a0topen\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edci \u00fanoru. V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku autor sestavil diagram pro tzv. topn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do kv\u011btna. Tabulka teplotn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti m\u011bs\u00edce \u00fanora od roku 1771 do roku 1956 byla ur\u010dena n\u00e1rodn\u00edm podnik\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jist\u011b zaj\u00edmalo, jak \u010dasto mohou nastat obdobn\u00e9 abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed pom\u011bry, aby mohly pl\u00e1novat zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spot\u0159eby uhl\u00ed jak pro otop, tak i pro dopravu. Z\u00a0tabulky v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b t\u0159ikr\u00e1t za 10 let byl \u00fanor studen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e leden.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vp\u00e1d studen\u00e9ho vzduchu do Evropy v\u00a0zim\u011b 1956 byl extr\u00e9mn\u00ed nejen hodnotami teploty vzduchu, ale i prostorov\u00fdm rozsahem cel\u00e9 epizody. Sibi\u0159sk\u00e1 zima roku 1956 toti\u017e zas\u00e1hla v\u011bt\u0161inu Evropy, zejm\u00e9na oblasti sahaj\u00edc\u00ed od v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy p\u0159es \u010ceskoslovensko a N\u011bmecko a\u017e po Francii. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0N\u011bmecku klesla pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota vzduchu v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 na hodnotu \u22129,6 \u00b0C, co\u017e je o 11,1 \u00b0C m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e dlouhodob\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br z\u00a0let 1991\u20132020 (Deutscher Wetterdienst 2026). Nejchladn\u011bji bylo v\u00a0oblasti Alp, kde bylo na italsko-\u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 hranici nam\u011b\u0159eno a\u017e \u221242,7 \u00b0C (Dizerens et al. 2017), tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Rakousku klesla minima teploty vzduchu m\u00edsty pod \u221232,0 \u00b0C (Hanselmayer, Winter 1957).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Velk\u00e9 \u0159eky, v\u010detn\u011b Dunaje a R\u00fdna, zamrzly. V\u00a0bratislavsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Dunaje dosahovala tlou\u0161\u0165ka ledu \u00fadajn\u011b a\u017e 1,8 m. Kdy\u017e se led v b\u0159eznu p\u0159esunul z Rakouska do Bratislavy, siln\u00e1 vrstva nahromad\u011bn\u00fdch ledov\u00fdch ker zabr\u00e1nila odtoku vody a hladina \u0159eky za\u010dala stoupat. Pot\u00e9, co hladina Dunaje v\u00a0Petr\u017ealce 3. b\u0159ezna 1956 dos\u00e1hla v\u00fd\u0161ky 912 centimetr\u016f, za\u010dalo leteck\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed ledov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry. D\u016fvodem byly obavy, \u017ee by obrovsk\u00e9 kusy ledu mohly po\u0161kodit pil\u00ed\u0159e Star\u00e9ho mostu v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b (Tvnoviny 2026). Z\u00a0podobn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f do\u0161lo k\u00a0odst\u0159elu ledu i v\u00a0Budape\u0161ti (PestBuda 2021).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mimo st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropu byly n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty vzduchu nam\u011b\u0159eny nap\u0159\u00edklad ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku, kde bylo pod \u221240 \u00b0C, a Moskva za\u017eila arktick\u00fdch \u221245 \u00b0C (Andrews 1956). Ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed byl teplotn\u011b pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd leden vyst\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n mraziv\u00fdm \u00fanorem, kdy 15. \u00fanora 1956 v\u00a0okol\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho Lyonu poklesla denn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu i pod \u221220 \u00b0C (Coquillat 1958). Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku plnily zpr\u00e1vy o zamrzl\u00fdch font\u00e1n\u00e1ch p\u0159edn\u00ed str\u00e1nky novin (N\u00fa\u00f1ez et al. 2007). Sn\u00edh zasypal It\u00e1lii, Sic\u00edlii a dal\u0161\u00ed st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 ostrovy (D\u2019Errico et al. 2022). Studen\u00fd vzduch p\u0159etekl i do severn\u00ed Afriky, kde bylo sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed pozorov\u00e1no nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0Tunisu a v\u00a0Al\u017e\u00edru (Andrews 1956; ItalyHeritage 2025).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd nedostatek paliva a rekordn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty vyvolaly humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed krizi, kter\u00e1 vedla k\u00a0vysok\u00e9mu po\u010dtu \u00famrt\u00ed na podchlazen\u00ed po cel\u00e9m kontinentu (nap\u0159. Coquillat 1958; Dizerens et al. 2017). Zna\u010dn\u00e9 byly i negativn\u00ed dopady na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a ekosyst\u00e9my. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0Lyonu byly zasa\u017eeny f\u00edkovn\u00edky, platany se zl\u00e1maly mrazem, slavn\u00e9 vinice v\u00a0Beaujoulais byly zni\u010deny ze 40\u201380 %. Stovky kachen zam\u00ed\u0159ily do m\u011bstsk\u00fdch park\u016f ve snaze naj\u00edt potravu a volnou vodn\u00ed hladinu, spekulovalo se takt\u00e9\u017e o mo\u017en\u00e9m \u00fahynu hmyzu (Coquillat 1958). Ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed byly po\u0161kozeny i miliony olivovn\u00edk\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 byly star\u00e9 a\u017e tis\u00edc let. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 poeticky to popisuje Slocombe (2021): <em>\u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd ze star\u0161\u00edch olivovn\u00edk\u016f zde na Azurov\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je zjizven\u00fd mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b tuhou no\u010dn\u00ed mrazivou noc\u00ed 10.\u00a0\u00fanora 1956, kdy po denn\u00edm maximu +21 \u00b0C prudk\u00fd p\u00e1d teplot vytla\u010dil \u017eivotod\u00e1rn\u00e9 sv\u011btlo z olivov\u00fdch h\u00e1j\u016f po cel\u00e9 St\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e1nvi, zde v\u00a0Provence, ve \u0160pan\u011blsku a Portugalsku a\u00a0mysl\u00edm, \u017ee na v\u00fdchod\u011b a\u017e po Chorvatsko a \u010cernou Horu. V jednom prudk\u00e9m n\u00e1poru teploty klesly z +21 \u00b0C ve dne na zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch \u221217 \u00b0C v\u00a0noci<\/em>. <em>Jednak to byla zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed denn\u00ed amplituda (38 \u00b0C) ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pr\u016fm\u011brnou amplitudou 21 \u00b0C, a zadruh\u00e9 pokles na \u221217 \u00b0C pod bod mrazu a pokles 7 \u00b0C pod d\u0159\u00edve stanovenou kritickou hranici pro olivy<\/em>. <em>V\u0161echny ty jizvy byly zp\u016fsobeny exploz\u00ed c\u00e9vn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1no 11. \u00fanora 1956, kter\u00e9 nav\u017edy zni\u010dily dlouh\u00e9 vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed a lokalizovan\u00e9 toky kambia. Romantick\u00e1 francouzsk\u00e1 legenda vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee den po t\u00e9to velk\u00e9 noci stra\u0161liv\u00fdch mraz\u016f, cituji doslovn\u011b, \u201e\u2026zvuk k\u0159iku olivovn\u00edk\u016f prostupoval sady, kdy\u017e m\u00edza explodovala a stromy praskaly\u2026\u201c.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Obrovsk\u00fd prostorov\u00fd rozsah chladn\u00e9 epizody z \u00fanora 1956 dokumentuje i studie Twardosz et al. (1956), kter\u00e1 hodnotila pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teploty vzduchu na 60 stanic\u00edch z cel\u00e9 Evropy v obdob\u00ed od poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed do roku 2010. M\u011bs\u00edce, v nich\u017e se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota vzduchu li\u0161ila od p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho dlouhodob\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru (1951\u20132010) alespo\u0148 o dv\u011b sm\u011brodatn\u00e9 odchylky, byly autory ozna\u010deny jako extr\u00e9mn\u011b chladn\u00e9 (ECM, z angl. \u201eextremely cold month\u201c). Tyto p\u0159\u00edpady jsou v Evrop\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9: b\u011bhem 180 zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f z let 1951\u20132010 se vyskytlo 67 ECM, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd ECM pokr\u00fdval oblast se 6 stanicemi. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010detnost byla zaznamen\u00e1na v prvn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch (16 a 17 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f), naopak nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed (7) v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed 20. stolet\u00ed. Pouze jeden ECM byl zaznamen\u00e1n v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, kde je za bari\u00e9rou Alp a Pyrenej\u00ed advekce studen\u00fdch vzduchov\u00fdch hmot ze severu m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e1. \u00danor 1956 m\u011bl z tohoto hlediska nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostorov\u00fd rozsah, ECM se vyskytl na 36 z 60 stanic. Ty pokr\u00fdvaly cel\u00fd jih Evropy i st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st kontinentu od Atlantiku a\u017e po Ural. V Astrachani byla tehdy zaznamen\u00e1na absolutn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed teplotn\u00ed anom\u00e1lie (\u221214 \u00b0C). Dal\u0161\u00edmi ECM s velk\u00fdm prostorov\u00fdm rozsahem, kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaly alespo\u0148 jednu t\u0159etinu stanic (p\u0159es 20), byly \u00fanor 1954, leden 1963 a leden 1987. Vzhledem k prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m klimatu podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ub\u00fdv\u00e1, i kdy\u017e jejich intenzita z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu podobn\u00e1 (Cadiou, Yiou 2025). P\u0159esto je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee k extr\u00e9m\u016fm takov\u00e9ho \u010dasoprostorov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka bude doch\u00e1zet i ve 21. stolet\u00ed (Ribes et al. 2025).\u00a0Toto t\u00e9ma bylo prezentov\u00e1no formou posteru na horsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 konferenci Krkono\u0161e 2026 a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd abstrakt byl publikov\u00e1n ve sborn\u00edku z\u00a0konference (Lipina a kol. 2026).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6cb347 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6cb347\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4fd124c\" data-id=\"4fd124c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d18e35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d18e35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3.\tStani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 \u010ceska a okoln\u00edch zem\u00ed v roce 1956<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e07dd6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e07dd6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-860edae\" data-id=\"860edae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9206b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9206b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed teploty vzduchu, \u00fahrnu sr\u00e1\u017eek, v\u00fd\u0161ky nov\u00e9ho sn\u011bhu a celkov\u00e9 sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky byly zahrnuty v\u0161echny st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 stanice, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly dostupn\u00e1 data z\u00a0\u00fanora 1956. Vyu\u017eili jsme data z\u00a0klimatologick\u00e9 aplikace \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu (\u010cHM\u00da) CLIDATA (CLIDATA 2026) a doplnili je daty z\u00a0ro\u010denky Pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed za rok 1956 (HM\u00da 1964) pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska a Slovenska a z polsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 ro\u010denky za rok 1956 (IMGW 1960). Data z\u00a0N\u011bmecka (OPENDATA.DWD 2025) a Rakouska (OPENDATA.GeoSphere 2025) byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na z\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00fdch dat meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb t\u011bchto st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Datov\u00fd soubor m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f teploty vzduchu pro \u00fanor 1956 z \u010ceska \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 342 stanic (obr. 1). T\u0159icet z\u00a0nich m\u011blo v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edpravy \u010dl\u00e1nku dostupn\u00e1 data pro zpracov\u00e1vanou epizodu pouze v\u00a0ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 ro\u010dence (HM\u00da 1964). Jednalo se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o stanice s\u00a0kr\u00e1tkou dobou pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed ukon\u010denou p\u0159ed rokem 1961, co\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje absenci jejich digitalizace. Hodnoty denn\u00edch minim teploty vzduchu pro m\u011bs\u00edc \u00fanor 1956 jsou v\u00a0\u010cesku k\u00a0dispozici z\u00a0276 meteorologick\u00fdch stanic.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0c45d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0c45d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6bcb04\" data-id=\"c6bcb04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb9aa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2bb9aa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MDYsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"509\" height=\"341\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17506\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_1.jpg 509w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_1-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 1 Po\u010det stanic v jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch p\u00e1smech [m n. m.] v \u010cesku zahrnut\u00fdch do zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty vzduchu z \u00fanora 1956.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-84a8b8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"84a8b8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-129bfe9\" data-id=\"129bfe9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5c312b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5c312b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ze\u00a0Slovenska jsou dostupn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed data teploty vzduchu pro 124 stanic, z nich\u017e pro 120 jsou k\u00a0dispozici i denn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu. Data z\u00a029 t\u011bchto stanic byla k\u00a0dispozici p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0klimatologick\u00e9 aplikaci CLIDATA. V\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161lo o stanice v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edhrani\u010d\u00ed s\u00a0\u010ceskem poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0meteorologick\u00fdch ro\u010denek.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z Polska bylo pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuto 387 stanic. Z\u00a0tohoto po\u010dtu jsou v\u00a0CLIDATA dostupn\u00e1 data pro 110 stanic v\u00a0\u010desko-polsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edhrani\u010d\u00ed, zbytek dat z\u00a0\u00fanora 1956 byl z\u00edsk\u00e1n z\u00a0polsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 ro\u010denky. Denn\u00ed data pro \u00fanor 1956 jsou k\u00a0dispozici z\u00a0343 meteorologick\u00fdch stanic.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00a0N\u011bmecka byly v\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00fdch datech p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu k\u00a0dispozici pro tuto epizodu pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teploty vzduchu z\u00a0535 stanic. Denn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu jsou k\u00a0dispozici z\u00a0520 stanic. Z\u00a0Rakouska jsou pro zimu 1955\/1956 k\u00a0dispozici data z\u00a0207 stanic. Aplikace CLIDATA \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 data z\u00a0\u00fanora 1956 z\u00a0N\u011bmecka a Rakouska nezahrnuje.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Celkem byla pro zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zimn\u00ed sezony 1955\/1956 a \u00fanora 1956 k\u00a0dispozici pro \u010cesko a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i okoln\u00ed zem\u011b data z\u00a01592 meteorologick\u00fdch stanic. P\u0159ehled meteorologick\u00fdch stanic, jejich geografick\u00e9 informace, data, grafy, tabulky a mapy jsou k\u00a0dispozici v\u00a0elektronick\u00e9 form\u011b na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce (\u010cMeS 2026)<em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d74db20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d74db20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ec85df\" data-id=\"2ec85df\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47d3063 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47d3063\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4.\tPr\u016fb\u011bh po\u010das\u00ed b\u011bhem \u00fanora<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb04f45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb04f45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e504d94\" data-id=\"e504d94\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fd023d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fd023d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pomysln\u00fdm \u00favodem k\u00a0mraziv\u00e9mu \u00fanoru 1956 byl 27. leden, kdy p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es \u010cesko p\u0159e\u0161la po zvln\u011bn\u00e9m front\u00e1ln\u00edm rozhran\u00ed od severoz\u00e1padu k\u00a0jihov\u00fdchodu tlakov\u00e1 n\u00ed\u017ee. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0t\u00edm spadlo nap\u0159. v\u00a0Praze-Klementinu 8 cm sn\u011bhu, na\u010de\u017e se zde souvisl\u00e1 sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka udr\u017eela a\u017e do konce \u00fanora. 28. leden z\u00e1rove\u0148 zah\u00e1jil s\u00e9rii 31 po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch ledov\u00fdch dn\u00ed (maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed teplota pod 0 \u00b0C, celodenn\u00ed mr\u00e1z) na t\u00e9to stanici (obr. 2).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-536f09f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"536f09f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f80deb\" data-id=\"7f80deb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44d3fd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"44d3fd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MDcsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfMi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"661\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_2-1024x661.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17507\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_2-1024x661.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_2-300x194.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_2-768x496.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_2.jpg 1175w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 2 Pr\u016fb\u011bh denn\u00edch minim a denn\u00edch maxim teploty vzduchu (Tmin, Tmax; \u00b0C), denn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f sr\u00e1\u017eek (R; mm) a v\u00fd\u0161ky celkov\u00e9 sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky (SCE; cm) v Praze-Klementinu v zim\u011b 1955\u20131956. Hranice Tmax pro ledov\u00e9 a arktick\u00e9 dny jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny p\u0159eru\u0161ovan\u00fdmi oran\u017eov\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1rami.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e89737 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7e89737\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63aa1f3\" data-id=\"63aa1f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40a481d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40a481d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v\u00a0tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b charakteru do t\u00e9 doby nadnorm\u00e1ln\u011b tepl\u00e9 zimy sehr\u00e1l v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd h\u0159eben vysok\u00e9ho tlaku vzduchu, kter\u00fd se 28. ledna roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il od jihu a\u017e do severn\u00ed Skandin\u00e1vie. \u00a0V\u00a0oblasti severov\u00fdchodn\u00edho Atlantiku se n\u00e1sledn\u011b po v\u011bt\u0161inu m\u011bs\u00edce udr\u017eovala mohutn\u00e1 anticyklona, detailn\u011b popsan\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad ve studi\u00edch\u00a0Andrews et al. (1956) \u010di Dizerens et al. (2017). Zm\u00edn\u011bnou situaci dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 hodnoty geopotenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky hladiny 500\u00a0hPa na 60. rovnob\u011b\u017ece z\u00e1padn\u011b od nult\u00e9ho poledn\u00edku (obr. 3 vlevo). Tlakov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e zcela zablokovala b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 v\u00a0zim\u011b pro Evropu otepluj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu p\u0159evl\u00e1dla nad \u00fazem\u00edm \u010ceska studen\u00e1 kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed vzduchov\u00e1 hmota, kter\u00e1 zde vyvolala z\u00e1pornou anom\u00e1lii teploty vzduchu. V\u00a0hladin\u011b 850 hPa p\u0159es\u00e1hla ve dnech kolem 1.\u00a0a\u00a010. \u00fanora nad \u010ceskem \u221215 \u00b0C (obr. 3 vpravo). T\u011bmto zes\u00edlen\u00edm chladn\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed dv\u011b epizody po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch arktick\u00fdch dn\u016f v\u00a0Praze-Klementinu (obr. 2).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab0271b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab0271b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb59410\" data-id=\"fb59410\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-384c41d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"384c41d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_3a.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_3a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MDgsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfM2EuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"629\" height=\"833\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_3a.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17508\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_3a.jpg 629w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_3a-227x300.jpg 227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b265ba\" data-id=\"6b265ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff2a2d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff2a2d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_3b.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_3b\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MDksInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfM2IuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"627\" height=\"836\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_3b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17509\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_3b.jpg 627w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_3b-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 627px) 100vw, 627px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e7fd72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e7fd72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d838c3e\" data-id=\"d838c3e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fde53a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fde53a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Obr. 3 Hovm\u00f6llerovy diagramy vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh meteorologick\u00fdch prvk\u016f b\u011bhem zimy 1955\u20131956 podle reanal\u00fdzy NCEP\/NCAR: vlevo geopotenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka hladiny 500 hPa pod\u00e9l 60. rovnob\u011b\u017eky, vpravo odchylka teploty vzduchu v\u00a0hladin\u011b 850 hPa od norm\u00e1lu 1991\u20132020 pod\u00e9l 50. rovnob\u011b\u017eky. Zdroj: NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder Colorado, http:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-21fd3c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"21fd3c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c1e382\" data-id=\"6c1e382\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9055c87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9055c87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm cel\u00e9 tehdej\u0161\u00ed zimy byla v\u00a0\u010cesku trojice dn\u00ed 9. a\u017e 11. \u00fanora 1956. K\u00a0up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu tehdej\u0161\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt stani\u010dn\u00edch hodnot v\u00a0klimatologick\u00fdch term\u00ednech. Denn\u00ed minima a maxima teploty vzduchu se toti\u017e ur\u010duj\u00ed za obdob\u00ed od 21 h p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9ho dne do 21 h m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dasu dan\u00e9ho dne, tak\u017ee p\u0159i prudk\u00fdch ochlazen\u00edch nemus\u00ed dob\u0159e vystihovat skute\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh teploty vzduchu (obr. 4). To se projevilo i 9. \u00fanora, kdy na p\u0159\u00edkladu z\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Klementina sledujeme netradi\u010dn\u011b velkou denn\u00ed amplitudu teploty vzduchu, kter\u00e1 by standardn\u011b nazna\u010dovala radia\u010dn\u00ed typ po\u010das\u00ed. Denn\u00ed maximum v\u0161ak nastalo ji\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00edho dne ve\u010der, na\u010de\u017e se b\u011bhem noci prudce ochladilo, a to v\u00a0cel\u00e9 troposf\u00e9\u0159e (obr. 5). R\u00e1no bylo zata\u017eeno a v\u00e1l severn\u00ed v\u00edtr, jeho\u017e rychlost nap\u0159. na Mile\u0161ovce dosahovala 15 m.s<sup>-1<\/sup>. Ne\u0161lo tedy o\u00a0typickou situaci rann\u00edch mraz\u016f p\u0159i vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed a bezv\u011bt\u0159\u00ed, kdy se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed siln\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed inverze teploty vzduchu. Naopak s\u00a0rostouc\u00ed nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou teplota vzduchu v\u00fdrazn\u011b klesala, proto bylo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b chladno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na horsk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch (obr. 6 vlevo), z\u00a0nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 nam\u011b\u0159ily sv\u00e1 absolutn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed minima. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byl p\u0159esun extr\u00e9mn\u011b studen\u00e9 vzduchov\u00e9 hmoty, kter\u00e1 se po \u0159adu p\u0159edchoz\u00edch dn\u00ed udr\u017eovala nad Ruskem, nad na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed (obr. 7 vlevo). Kv\u016fli prudk\u00e9mu v\u011btru byla p\u0159itom na hor\u00e1ch extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 i tzv. pocitov\u00e1 teplota, kter\u00e1 nap\u0159. na Mile\u0161ovce klesla podle indexu Wind Chill a\u017e na \u221246,5 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b72ab10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b72ab10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af3ce2e\" data-id=\"af3ce2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff89698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff89698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_4.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_4\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTAsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfNC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"637\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_4-1024x637.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17510\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_4-1024x637.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_4-300x187.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_4-768x478.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_4.jpg 1171w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 4 Pr\u016fb\u011bh term\u00ednov\u00fdch hodnot sm\u011bru (dir; \u00b0) a rychlosti (v; m\/s) v\u011btru na Mile\u0161ovce a teploty vzduchu (T; \u00b0C) v Praze-Klementinu ve dnech 7.\u201312. \u00fanora 1956. Pro jednotliv\u00e9 dny jsou d\u00e1le zobrazena z Klementina i denn\u00ed minima (Tmin; \u00b0C) a maxima teploty vzduchu (Tmax; \u00b0C).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5f801d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5f801d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04cb8cb\" data-id=\"04cb8cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f00438 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5f00438\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_5.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_5\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTEsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfNS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"694\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_5-1024x694.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17511\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_5-1024x694.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_5-300x203.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_5-768x520.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_5.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 5 Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed profil teploty vzduchu ve vybran\u00fdch term\u00ednech v uzlov\u00e9m bod\u011b 50\u00b0N, 15\u00b0E z reanal\u00fdzy ERA5. Zdroj dat: https:\/\/rawinsonde.com\/ERA5_Europe\/.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d33f7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d33f7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69a2afb\" data-id=\"69a2afb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-887784b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"887784b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_6.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_6\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTIsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfNi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"339\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_6-1024x339.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17512\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_6-1024x339.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_6-300x99.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_6-768x255.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_6-1536x509.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_6.jpg 1889w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 6 Denn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu 9. (vlevo) a 10. \u00fanora (vpravo) na \u010desk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-033f29d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"033f29d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a17961\" data-id=\"3a17961\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a6ef33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6a6ef33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_7.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_7\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTMsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfNy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"358\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_7-1024x358.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17513\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_7-1024x358.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_7-300x105.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_7-768x269.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_7-1536x537.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_7.jpg 1669w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 7 Tlak vzduchu p\u0159epo\u010dten\u00fd na hladinu mo\u0159e (hPa) a teplota vzduchu (\u00b0C) v hladin\u011b 850 hPa nad Evropou 9. (vlevo) a 10. (vpravo) \u00fanora 1956 v 06 UTC. Zobrazena jsou pole z reanal\u00fdzy ERA5. Zdroj: https:\/\/www.wetterzentrale.de\/en\/reanalysis.php.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31bf69b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31bf69b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f04088\" data-id=\"7f04088\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abd3058 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abd3058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Den 9. \u00fanora v\u0161ak byl extr\u00e9mn\u00ed i v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch \u010ceska, zejm\u00e9na z hlediska odpoledn\u00edch teplot. Nap\u0159. v Klementinu dos\u00e1hla ve 14 hodin teplota vzduchu jen \u221220,4 \u00b0C, co\u017e je zde nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnota v odpoledn\u00edm term\u00ednu od roku 1850. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska tak z\u0159ejm\u011b byla po cel\u00fd den teplota vzduchu pod \u221220 \u00b0C. P\u0159itom sl\u00e1bl v\u00edtr, postupn\u011b se vyjas\u0148ovalo a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch hladin\u00e1ch se m\u00edrn\u011b oteplovalo v souvislosti s p\u0159esunem nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzduchov\u00e9 hmoty sm\u011brem k jihoz\u00e1padu (obr. 7 vpravo). Kv\u016fli v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed inverzi pak bylo nejmraziv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u017e r\u00e1no 10. \u00fanora. Extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 hodnoty teploty vzduchu byly dosa\u017eeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v m\u011blk\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch \u00fadol\u00edch na \u0160umav\u011b (\u221237,5 \u00b0C v H\u016frce u Horn\u00ed Plan\u00e9), ale i v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch (\u221237,0 \u00b0C v Borkovic\u00edch pobl\u00ed\u017e Vesel\u00ed nad Lu\u017enic\u00ed; obr. 6 vpravo).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-acef852 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"acef852\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fe07c1\" data-id=\"5fe07c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7777f7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7777f7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46e63f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46e63f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7181bef\" data-id=\"7181bef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb8a42c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb8a42c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><em>Leden 1956<\/em><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Proto\u017ee k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu ochlazen\u00ed do\u0161lo u\u017e koncem ledna 1956, dos\u00e1hla velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdch hodnot ji\u017e lednov\u00e1 minima teploty vzduchu, kter\u00e1 byla na 267 \u010desk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch (96,7 %) zaznamen\u00e1na v\u00a0posledn\u00edm dni tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce (obr. 8). V\u00a0\u010cesku to bylo \u221230,8 \u00b0C na stanici Bed\u0159ichov, p\u0159ehrada (775 m n. m.), \u221229,4 \u00b0C na stanici Sedlice (d\u0159\u00edve okres Humpolec, 440 m n. m.), \u221229,0\u00a0\u00b0C v\u00a0Da\u010dic\u00edch (471 m n. m.) a v\u00a0Poli\u010dce (552 m n. m.), \u221228,6 \u00b0C na Prad\u011bdu (1490 m n. m.), \u221227,7 \u00b0C v\u00a0obci Puklice nedaleko Jihlavy (522 m n. m.), \u221227,6 \u00b0C v\u00a0Jihlav\u011b, vod\u00e1rn\u011b (501\u00a0m n. m.), \u221227,5 \u00b0C na Sn\u011b\u017ece (1\u00a0602 m n. m.) a v\u00a0Karlov\u011b Stud\u00e1nce (779 m n. m.) a\u00a0\u221227,2\u00a0\u00b0C v\u00a0Jablonci nad Nisou (500 m n. m.).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je\u0161t\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed lednov\u00e1 minima byla dosa\u017eena 31. ledna na mnoha stanic\u00edch v okoln\u00edch zem\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mnohdy \u0161lo o n\u00edzko polo\u017een\u00e9 stanice: \u221236,4 \u00b0C na polsk\u00e9 stanici Ostoj\u00f3w (v povod\u00ed \u0159eky Niemen, 240 m n. m.), \u221235,0 \u00b0C na slovensk\u00e9 stanici Oravsk\u00e1 Lesn\u00e1 (762 m n. m.), \u221233,9\u00a0\u00b0C na polsk\u00e9 stanici Istebna, Zaolzie (580 m n. m.), \u221233,8 \u00b0C na polsk\u00e9 stanici Bartoszyce (v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u0141yna, 60 m n. m.), \u221233,6 \u00b0C na polsk\u00e9 stanici Go\u0142dap (v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u0159eky W\u0119gorapa, 150\u00a0m n. m.). Naproti tomu minima na horsk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch byla o n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed: \u221231,1\u00a0\u00b0C na polsk\u00e9 stanici Hala Ornak (1\u00a0110 m n. m.), d\u00e1le \u221230,5 \u00b0C na Lomnick\u00e9m \u0161t\u00edtu (2\u00a0635 m n. m.), \u221228,4 \u00b0C na stanici Kasprowy Wierch (1 991 m n. m.), a \u221227,3\u00a0\u00b0C na Chopku (2\u00a0012 m n. m.).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ff20270 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ff20270\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-76c9159\" data-id=\"76c9159\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18900b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"18900b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_8.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_8\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTQsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfOC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"676\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_8-1024x676.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17514\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_8-1024x676.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_8-300x198.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_8-768x507.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_8.jpg 1370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 8 Denn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu (\u00b0C) dne 31. ledna 1956 v \u010cesku.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac09a5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac09a5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ad8854\" data-id=\"5ad8854\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f27988 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f27988\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><em><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00danor 1956<\/span><\/em><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0\u00fanoru klesla m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu v\u00a0\u010cesku je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b n\u00ed\u017e ne\u017e v lednu, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm r\u00e1no 10.\u00a0\u00fanora. Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnota \u221238,9 \u00b0C byla zaznamen\u00e1na na stanici Rv\u00e1\u010dov, Svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 (d\u0159\u00edve okres Hlinsko; provoz stanice byl ukon\u010den v\u00a0roce 1959), i kdy\u017e zdej\u0161\u00ed minimum m\u016f\u017ee svou odlehlost\u00ed vzbuzovat pochybnosti. Dal\u0161\u00edmi extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi hodnotami jsou \u221237,5 \u00b0C v\u00a0H\u016frce u Horn\u00ed Plan\u00e9 (provoz stanice byl ukon\u010den v roce 1963, 5 let po\u00a0napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ehradn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee Lipno) a \u221237,0 \u00b0C na dodnes funguj\u00edc\u00ed jiho\u010desk\u00e9 stanici Borkovice (obr. 9). <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f972767 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f972767\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-756d5ca\" data-id=\"756d5ca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b664904 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b664904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_9.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_9\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTUsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfOS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"676\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_9-1024x676.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17515\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_9-1024x676.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_9-300x198.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_9-768x507.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_9.jpg 1364w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 9 M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minima teploty vzduchu (\u00b0C) v \u00fanoru 1956 v \u010cesku.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d224265 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d224265\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75f3201\" data-id=\"75f3201\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c66018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c66018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tuh\u00e9 mrazy byly zaznamen\u00e1ny na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska, jak ukazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minimum teploty vzduchu\u00a0\u201324,0 \u00b0C zaznamenan\u00e9 na stanic\u00edch Brani\u0161ovice (199 m n. m.), D\u011b\u010d\u00edn, Riegrova ulice (180 m n. m.) a Poho\u0159elice (183 m n. m.). Hodnot nad \u221225 \u00b0C dos\u00e1hla m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minima i v\u00a0Praze, Klementinu (191 m n. m.) a na osmi dal\u0161\u00edch stanic\u00edch, nej\u010dast\u011bji na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b. Mnoho meteorologick\u00fdch stanic m\u00e1 absolutn\u00ed minimum teploty vzduchu pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00a0\u00fanora 1956, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich dokonce i v\u00a0tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee m\u011b\u0159ily ji\u017e ve v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b mraziv\u00e9m \u00fanoru 1929.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minimum \u00fanora 1956 v\u00a0\u010cesku bylo \u221229,5 \u00b0C. Ve v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9m p\u00e1smu 100\u2013200\u00a0m n. m. dosahovalo \u221227,6 \u00b0C, v p\u00e1smu 201\u2013300 m \u221228,4 \u00b0C, v p\u00e1smu 301\u2013400\u00a0m \u221230,0\u00a0\u00b0C, v\u00a0p\u00e1smu 401\u2013700 m \u221230,5 \u00b0C, v\u00a0p\u00e1smu 701\u2013800 m \u221230,3 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">I v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9m prostoru z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed absolutn\u00edmi teplotn\u00edmi minimy v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 hodnoty z\u00a0\u010ceska spolu s\u00a0hodnotou \u221237,5 \u00b0C dosa\u017eenou ji\u017e 1. \u00fanora na polsk\u00e9 stanici Poronin (tab. 1). V\u011bt\u0161ina m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch minim \u221235,0 \u00b0C a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch byla p\u0159itom zaznamen\u00e1na na stanic\u00edch do 600 m n. m., jen \u010dty\u0159i hodnoty se do p\u0159ehledu dostaly z\u00a0lokalit nad touto hranic\u00ed, nejv\u00fd\u0161e 930\u00a0m n. m.\u00a0na stanici\u00a0Srn\u00ed, Sch\u00e4tz\u016fv les. Dokonce ani na alpsk\u00fdch vysokohorsk\u00fdch stanic\u00edch jako je Sonnblick (3\u00a0109 m n. m.) nebo n\u011bmeck\u00e1 Zugspitze (2\u00a0956 m n. m.) se takto n\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minima nevyskytla (obr. 10), co\u017e ukazuje na v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vliv teplotn\u00edch inverz\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm 10.\u00a0\u00fanora r\u00e1no. Relativn\u011b nejslab\u0161\u00ed mrazy pak zas\u00e1hly severoz\u00e1pad N\u011bmecka, kam studen\u00fd vzduch od severov\u00fdchodu pronikal jen okrajov\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c14051 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c14051\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38f9139\" data-id=\"38f9139\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d92bb37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d92bb37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Tab. 1 M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minima denn\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty vzduchu (\u00b0C) \u221234,0 \u00b0C a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska a okoln\u00edch zem\u00ed.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f071394 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f071394\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a11cdfa\" data-id=\"a11cdfa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-225ce00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"225ce00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab_1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"tab_1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTYsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC90YWJfMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"628\" height=\"735\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17516\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab_1.jpg 628w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab_1-256x300.jpg 256w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61dc67f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61dc67f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc0e4b2\" data-id=\"cc0e4b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bed4f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5bed4f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_10.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_10\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTcsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfMTAuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"808\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_10-1024x808.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17517\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_10-1024x808.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_10-300x237.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_10-768x606.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_10.jpg 1160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 10 M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed minima minim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed teploty vzduchu (\u00b0C) v \u00fanoru 1956 v \u010cesku a okoln\u00edch st\u00e1tech.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90aad34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"90aad34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-270e0c1\" data-id=\"270e0c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b79e8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b79e8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6.\tM\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bry teploty vzduchu<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b49b0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b49b0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f872db\" data-id=\"9f872db\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0c697f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0c697f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00a0hlediska m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f teploty vzduchu se v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 na rozd\u00edl od teplotn\u00edch minim ji\u017e \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b uplatnil vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotn\u00ed gradient, tak\u017ee nejchladn\u011bji bylo v\u00a0\u010cesku v\u00a0pohrani\u010dn\u00edch hor\u00e1ch (obr. 11). Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu byla zaznamen\u00e1na na vrcholu Prad\u011bdu (\u221215,3 \u00b0C), kter\u00fd byl dokonce o 0,1 \u00b0C chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vrchol Sn\u011b\u017eky. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b mezi stanicemi s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou \u00fanorovou teplotou vzduchu \u221213,0 \u00b0C a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed najdeme sedm stanic s\u00a0nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou do 600\u00a0m n. m. (tab. 2). Nejm\u00e9n\u011b chladn\u00fd byl \u00fanor 1956 na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na stanici Brno, technika s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplotou vzduchu \u22129,0 \u00b0C, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 stanicemi Doln\u00ed Stud\u00e9nky, T\u0159eme\u0161ek, Klobouky u Brna a Velk\u00e9 Pavlovice (\u22129,1\u00a0\u00b0C), Mikulov a Brno, Pis\u00e1rky (\u22129,2 \u00b0C), Brno, Veve\u0159\u00ed\u00a0 a Brno, Pis\u00e1rky, Kv\u011btn\u00e1 (\u22129,3 \u00b0C), Praha, Klementinum (\u22129,4 \u00b0C) a Podiv\u00edn (\u22129,5 \u00b0C).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e992ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e992ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36e422d\" data-id=\"36e422d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73f8293 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"73f8293\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_11.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"obr_11\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTgsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC9vYnJfMTEuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_11-1024x682.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17518\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_11-1024x682.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_11-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_11-768x512.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/obr_11.jpg 1360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 11 Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu (\u00b0C) v \u00fanoru 1956 v \u010cesku.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29dcefd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29dcefd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28d8c42\" data-id=\"28d8c42\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0620cf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0620cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Tab. 2 Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu \u221213,0 \u00b0C a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 v\u00a0\u010cesku.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72f2df9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72f2df9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-84848fa\" data-id=\"84848fa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf0c0b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cf0c0b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab__2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"tab__2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MTksInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC90YWJfXzIuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"675\" height=\"642\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab__2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17519\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab__2.jpg 675w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab__2-300x285.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ba5d5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7ba5d5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f65660\" data-id=\"9f65660\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70c234a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70c234a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tak\u00e9 v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm prostoru st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy se uplatnila z\u00e1vislost pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty vzduchu na nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce. Nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stanic\u00ed tak byl rakousk\u00fd Sonnblick (3\u00a0109 m n. m.) s\u00a0m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brem \u221221,0 \u00b0C, d\u00e1le n\u00e1sleduje hodnota \u221219,1 \u00b0C z\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9 stanice Zugspitze v\u00a0nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 2\u00a0956 m n. m., na vrcholu Lomnick\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtu (2 635 m n. m.) byl \u00fanorov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br \u221217,8 \u00b0C (tab. 3).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch minim, i m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bry teploty vzduchu byly v\u00a0r\u00e1mci okoln\u00edch zem\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdch n\u00ed\u017ein a ostrov\u016f na \u00fapln\u00e9m severu N\u011bmecka. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu zde byla zaznamen\u00e1na na stanic\u00edch Helgoland (4\u00a0m n. m., \u22123,7 \u00b0C), Wangerooge (2 m n. m., \u22124,7 \u00b0C), Borkum-S\u00fcderstra\u00dfe (12 m n. m., \u22124,8 \u00b0C), Langeoog (5 m n. m., \u22124,9 \u00b0C) a Arkona (42 m n. m., \u22125,0 \u00b0C).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1de4bfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1de4bfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21bbd82\" data-id=\"21bbd82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4624a3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4624a3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Tab. 3 Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu \u221214,0 \u00b0C a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1841d2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1841d2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19be24d\" data-id=\"19be24d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2474efd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2474efd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab_3.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"tab_3\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc1MjAsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA2XC90YWJfMy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"756\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab_3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17520\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab_3.jpg 728w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tab_3-289x300.jpg 289w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb9272a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb9272a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64e0514\" data-id=\"64e0514\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cbd0e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cbd0e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><em><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s norm\u00e1lem<\/span><\/em><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010das\u00ed z obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed rokem 1961 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 porovnat s\u00a0jak\u00fdmkoliv klimatick\u00fdm norm\u00e1lem. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed dat z\u00a0publikace Podneb\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 republiky, kterou vydal Hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav v\u00a0roce 1961 s\u00a0daty za obdob\u00ed let 1901\u20131950 (HM\u00da 1961). Nev\u00fdhodou tohoto zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu nestandardn\u00ed pades\u00e1tilet\u00e9 norm\u00e1lov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed a absence plo\u0161n\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je vyu\u017eit\u00ed publikace Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty vzduchu v\u00a0\u010cSSR (HM\u00da 1964a) za obdob\u00ed let 1931\u20131960, kde jsou uvedeny dlouhodob\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed a ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bry teploty vzduchu pro 181 stanic z \u010ceska a\u00a098 stanic ze Slovenska. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je metodicky nep\u0159esn\u00e9 hodnotit obdob\u00ed v\u016f\u010di norm\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd obsahuje hodnocen\u00e9 roky, na druhou stranu existoval p\u0159edpoklad velk\u00e9ho pr\u016fniku datov\u00fdch soubor\u016f. Pro plo\u0161n\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed teplotn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska v\u00a0roce 1956 se pak nab\u00edz\u00ed nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eiteln\u00fd a dostupn\u00fd \u00fazemn\u00ed norm\u00e1l za obdob\u00ed let 1961\u20131990 (\u010cHM\u00da 2026). Pokud bychom hodnotili data roku 1956 podle norm\u00e1lu 1991\u20132020, tak by hodnoty rozd\u00edlu nab\u00fdvali v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u201eextremity\u201c, co\u017e nebylo ur\u010dit\u011b z\u00e1m\u011brem p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku. Norm\u00e1l 1931\u20131960 nen\u00ed pro n\u00edzk\u00fd po\u010det dostupn\u00fdch stanic zpracovan\u00fd plo\u0161n\u011b na cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed, jen pro jednotliv\u00e9 stanice.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Plo\u0161n\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br teploty vzduchu v\u00a0\u010cesku byl v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 \u221211,6 \u00b0C. P\u0159i porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0\u00fanorov\u00fdm teplotn\u00edm norm\u00e1lem 1961\u20131990 (\u22121,1 \u00b0C), byl \u00fanor 1956 na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u00a010,5\u00a0\u00b0C. Na \u00farovni dne\u0161n\u00edch kraj\u016f byla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odchylka od norm\u00e1lu zaznamen\u00e1na v\u00a0Praze a\u00a0St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9m kraji, a to \u221211,2\u00a0\u00b0C. Odchylka Zl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho kraje byla \u221211,0 \u00b0C a odchylky Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho a\u00a0\u00dasteck\u00e9ho kraje \u010dinily shodn\u011b \u221210,6\u00a0\u00b0C. Nejmen\u0161\u00ed odchylku od norm\u00e1lu, a to \u22129,8\u00a0\u00b0C, m\u011bl Jihomoravsk\u00fd kraj n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd krajem Olomouck\u00fdm (\u22129,9\u00a0\u00b0C).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z hlediska jednotliv\u00fdch stanic, m\u011bla v obdob\u00ed 1931\u20131960 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fanorov\u00fd norm\u00e1l stanice Praha, Klementinum (0,3 \u00b0C), n\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 stanicemi Praha, Karlov (\u22120,1 \u00b0C) a Hodon\u00edn, vod\u00e1rna (\u22120,4 \u00b0C). Naopak nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnoty \u00fanorov\u00e9ho norm\u00e1lu jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bny pro stanice na Prad\u011bdu (\u22127,3 \u00b0C), na Lys\u00e9 ho\u0159e (\u22126,3 \u00b0C) a v Bed\u0159ichov\u011b (\u22124,6 \u00b0C).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V \u00fanoru 1956 \u010dinila pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 odchylka od norm\u00e1lu pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska \u22129,5 \u00b0C. Nejmen\u0161\u00ed odchylka od norm\u00e1lu byla zaznamen\u00e1na na stanici Benecko, a to \u22127,0 \u00b0C, z dal\u0161\u00edch stanic m\u011bly nejmen\u0161\u00ed odchylky Vysok\u00e9 nad Jizerou (\u22127,5 \u00b0C), Lys\u00e1 hora (\u22127,6 \u00b0C), Byst\u0159ice pod Pern\u0161tejnem (\u22127,9 \u00b0C), \u0160pindler\u016fv Ml\u00fdn, p\u0159ehrada a Prad\u011bd (shodn\u011b \u22128,0 \u00b0C), tedy vesm\u011bs stanice ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed \u010cech bylo sice o n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f m\u00e9n\u011b chladno ne\u017e na hor\u00e1ch, av\u0161ak odchylky od \u00fanorov\u00e9ho norm\u00e1lu zde byly v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dnost chladn\u00e9ho \u00fanora tak podtrhuj\u00ed stanice s\u00a0nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odchylkou od norm\u00e1lu, kter\u00fdmi byly Pod\u011bbrady s odchylkou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teploty vzduchu \u221211,6 \u00b0C, Sedl\u010dany (\u221211,4 \u00b0C), Le\u0161enice a \u010c\u00e1slav, Nov\u00e9 M\u011bsto (shodn\u011b \u221211,2\u00a0\u00b0C) a Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav (\u221211,0 \u00b0C).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6cae899 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6cae899\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8fa06d\" data-id=\"c8fa06d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8961ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8961ef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7.\tPozn\u00e1mky k dat\u016fm, jejich z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a digitalizaci<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-651226b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"651226b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0094979\" data-id=\"0094979\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad29ee1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad29ee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti existuj\u00ed t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak z\u00edskat zahrani\u010dn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 data a\u00a0integrovat je do klimatologick\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze \u010cHM\u00da CLIDATA. Nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou je p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna dat v\u00a0definovan\u00e9m p\u00e1smu na z\u00e1klad\u011b bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch dohod mezi meteorologick\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami. Takov\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce byla nav\u00e1z\u00e1na se slovenskou stranou p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 lety, kdy do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b denn\u00edch dat od 1. ledna 1961 v\u00a0hrani\u010dn\u00edm p\u00e1smu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 km od hranice. Pot\u00e9 byla zavedena pravideln\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna dat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm FTP protokolu. Ta prob\u00edh\u00e1 bez komplikac\u00ed a zahrnuje operativn\u00ed i kontrolovan\u00e1 data v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech (10min, 1hod, term\u00ednov\u00e1 a denn\u00ed data). Bylo by prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 revidovat seznamy stanic, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti fixn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0posledn\u00edch 15 letech rovn\u011b\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna dat tak\u00e9 s\u00a0polskou meteorologickou slu\u017ebou\u00a0IMGW. Operativn\u00ed data jsou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm FTP protokolu, zkontrolovan\u00e1 term\u00ednov\u00e1 a denn\u00ed data jsou p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na d\u00e1vkov\u011b. \u00a0Pro pot\u0159eby t\u00e9to studie byla \u010d\u00e1st dat poskytnuta polskou stranou, zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fadaje byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny z\u00a0meteorologick\u00fdch ro\u010denek.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed N\u011bmecka a Rakouska byla vyu\u017eita otev\u0159en\u00e1 data n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Jak z\u00a0Rakouska, tak z\u00a0N\u011bmecka jsou v\u00a0okol\u00ed \u010ceska dostupn\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 \u0159ady mnoha stanic s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm typem dat i d\u00e9lkou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Specifick\u00e1 byla p\u0159\u00edprava dat z\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 % dat bylo z\u00edsk\u00e1no z\u00a0klimatologick\u00e9 aplikace \u010cHM\u00da CLIDATA. Zbytek dat byl z\u00edsk\u00e1n opisem z\u00a0meteorologick\u00fdch ro\u010denek. Standardn\u011b jsou data z\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska ulo\u017eena a zkontrolov\u00e1na (alespo\u0148 logickou kontrolou s\u00a0vazbou mezi meteorologick\u00fdmi prvky) od roku 1961 do dne\u0161ka. Data z\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1951\u20131960 se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch p\u011bti letech z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti digitalizovala a st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1 jejich kontrola. \u00dadaje z\u00a0obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed rokem 1951 jsou v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi digitalizace a zkontrolov\u00e1n je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jen jejich zlomek. Digitalizace historick\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch dat a jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 kontrola p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u011b a\u00a0kapacitn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed hodnoty minim\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty vzduchu, kter\u00e9 byly nalezeny v\u00a0ro\u010dence a nejsou dostupn\u00e9 v\u00a0klimatologick\u00e9 aplikaci CLIDATA byly porovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny s\u00a0okoln\u00edmi stanicemi a s\u00a0hodnotami extr\u00e9mu pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 denn\u00ed teploty vzduchu abychom vylou\u010dili chybu \u201ep\u0159eklepu\u201c v\u00a0ro\u010dence.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0roce 2026 pracujeme s\u00a0modelov\u00fdmi v\u00fdpo\u010dty dat do roku 2100, tedy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 75 let dop\u0159edu. Srovnateln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat, tj. stejn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od roku 1951) m\u00e1me k\u00a0dispozici do historie. Star\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1850\u20131950 v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b digitalizov\u00e1na. Tato skute\u010dnost p\u0159edstavuje ur\u010dit\u00fd dluh na\u0161\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby a je omezen\u00edm pro detailn\u00ed studium dlouhodob\u00e9 variability klimatu a komplexn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch zm\u011bn klimatu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dace77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dace77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a4b11f1\" data-id=\"a4b11f1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e26b0f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e26b0f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">8.\tZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-65b5c41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"65b5c41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-88d2d59\" data-id=\"88d2d59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-318ff26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"318ff26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mraziv\u00fd \u00fanor roku 1956 nebyl z\u00a0hlediska teploty vzduchu dosud v\u00a0\u010cesku komplexn\u011b zpracov\u00e1n. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu jsme prostudovali dostupn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a\u00a0provedli vyhodnocen\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f i denn\u00edch minim teploty vzduchu a pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9 chladn\u00e9 epizody, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala ji\u017e koncem ledna 1956. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno tak\u00e9 na okoln\u00ed zem\u011b (Slovensko, Polsko, N\u011bmecko a Rakousko).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu v\u00a0\u010cesku v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 byla \u221211,6\u00a0\u00b0C, zat\u00edmco \u00fanorov\u00fd norm\u00e1l za obdob\u00ed let 1961\u20131990 byl \u22121,1\u00a0\u00b0C. Odchylka \u00fanora 1956 od norm\u00e1lu tak \u010din\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch \u221210,5\u00a0\u00b0C. Doposud nechladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edcem u n\u00e1s z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fanor roku 1929 s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotou vzduchu \u221212,2\u00a0\u00b0C, t\u0159et\u00edm nechladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edcem je pak leden roku 1942 s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplotou vzduchu \u221211,2\u00a0\u00b0C.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0r\u00e1mci n\u00e1mi studovan\u00fdch zem\u00ed byl v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159enou lokalitou rakousk\u00fd Sonnblick s pr\u016fm\u011brnou m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplotou vzduchu \u221221,0 \u00b0C, d\u00e1le n\u011bmeck\u00e1 stanice Zugspitze (\u221219,1 \u00b0C), n\u00e1sledoval rakousk\u00fd Zirbitzkogel (\u221218,0 \u00b0C) a Lomnick\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt (\u221217,8 \u00b0C), tedy nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e9 stanice. Vliv nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky se uplatnil i v\u00a0\u010cesku, kde byla nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 zaznamen\u00e1na na Prad\u011bdu (\u221215,3 \u00b0C), na Sn\u011b\u017ece (\u221215,2 \u00b0C) a v\u00a0Mor\u00e1vce, L\u00fa\u010dce (\u221214,6 \u00b0C). V\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch \u010cech sice bylo o n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f m\u00e9n\u011b chladno, av\u0161ak byly zde zaznamen\u00e1ny o n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odchylky m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f od norm\u00e1lu ne\u017e na hor\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1vislost na nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce neplatila v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch minim teploty vzduchu, kter\u00e1 byla v \u010cesku obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00edzk\u00e1. Z\u00a0dostupn\u00fdch dat byly v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1956 t\u0159i ze \u010dty\u0159 nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch hodnot v\u00a0r\u00e1mci sledovan\u00fdch zem\u00ed dosa\u017eeny v\u00a0\u010cesku: \u221238,9 \u00b0C na stanici Rv\u00e1\u010dov, Svat\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161, \u221237,5 \u00b0C v\u00a0H\u016frce u Horn\u00ed Plan\u00e9 a \u221237,0 \u00b0C v Borkovic\u00edch. V\u0161echna zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 minima byla zaznamen\u00e1na r\u00e1no 10. \u00fanora 1956, a to v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0v\u00fdraznou inverz\u00ed teploty vzduchu, kter\u00e1 se utvo\u0159ila b\u011bhem noci p\u0159i vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed a uti\u0161en\u00ed v\u011btru po p\u0159edchoz\u00edm vp\u00e1du mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b studen\u00e9 vzduchov\u00e9 hmoty od severov\u00fdchodu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fanor\u016f 1929 a 1956 lze prov\u00e9st i v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edch socioekonomick\u00fdch souvislostech. Star\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1lost nastala v\u00a0dob\u011b tzv. prvn\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky, a to na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159ed vypuknut\u00edm velk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize po\u010d\u00e1tku 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by jist\u011b str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed zn\u00e1sobila. N\u00e1mi studovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad se odehr\u00e1l uprost\u0159ed 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed, tedy v\u00a0dob\u011b tuh\u00e9ho komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi mrazy \u00fanora 1956 bychom r\u00e1di upozornili na str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tis\u00edc\u016f tehdej\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed museli v\u00a0chatrn\u00e9m vybaven\u00ed bez jak\u00fdchkoli \u00falev vzdorovat nep\u0159\u00edzni po\u010das\u00ed, jak dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 mj. monografie J\u00e1chymovsk\u00e9 t\u00e1bory \u2013 peklo, ve kter\u00e9m mrzlo (Bauer, 2019).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V souvislosti se zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhu po\u010das\u00ed a teploty vzduchu z \u00fanora 1956 jsme nashrom\u00e1\u017edili velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1lu a dat, z nich\u017e pouze \u010d\u00e1st byla zahrnuta do \u010dl\u00e1nku. Z toho d\u016fvodu byla vytvo\u0159ena doprovodn\u00e1 webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka, kde je cel\u00fd text p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku a kompletn\u00ed soubory (rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 tabulky, grafy, mapy) zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny v\u0161em z\u00e1jemc\u016fm. \u010cten\u00e1\u0159i je naleznou na adrese: <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/unor-1956-v-cesku-a-v-okolnich-zemich\/\">http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/unor-1956-v-cesku-a-v-okolnich-zemich\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12b1b8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12b1b8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a7acf77\" data-id=\"a7acf77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a333a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b2a333a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-194c681 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"194c681\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca776da\" data-id=\"ca776da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5a8d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e5a8d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">aktuality.sk, 2019. Foto: Kdy\u017e bylo na Slovensku opravdu chladno. [online]. [cit. 11. 04. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z\u00a0WWW: <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aktuality.sk\/clanok\/555901\/foto-ked-bola-na-slovensku-prava-zima\/\">https:\/\/www.aktuality.sk\/clanok\/555901\/foto-ked-bola-na-slovensku-prava-zima\/<\/a>?.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">ANDREWS, J. F., 1956. The weather and circulation of February 1956. <em>Monthly Weather Review<\/em>, <strong>84<\/strong>, s. 66\u201374, DOI: 10.1175\/1520-0493(1956)084&lt;0066:TWACOF&gt;2.0.CO;2.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">BAUER, Z., 2019. J\u00e1chymovsk\u00e9 t\u00e1bory \u2013 peklo, ve kter\u00e9m mrzlo. NZB, Praha, 960 s. ISBN: 978-80-905864-8-2.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">CADIOU, C., YIOU, P., 2025. Simulating record-shattering cold winters of the beginning of the 21st century in France. <em>Weather and Climate Dynamics<\/em>, <strong>6<\/strong>, s. 1\u201315, DOI: 10.5194\/wcd-6-1-2025.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">CLIDATA, 2026. CLIDATA \u2013 Climate Database Management System [intern\u00ed datab\u00e1ze]. Praha: \u010cHM\u00da [cit. 1. 3. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: \u010cHM\u00da.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">COQUILLAT, M., 1958. Les grands froids de f\u00e9vrier 1956. <em>Bulletin mensuel de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 linn\u00e9enne de Lyon<\/em>, <strong>27<\/strong>, s. 83\u201387, DOI: 10.3406\/linly.1958.7966.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cHM\u00da, 2026. \u00dazemn\u00ed teploty. [online]. \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav. [cit. 13. 4. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z WWW: https:\/\/intranet.chmi.cz\/historicka-data\/pocasi\/uzemni-teploty#.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cMeS, 2026. \u00danor 1956 v \u010cesku a v okoln\u00edch zem\u00edch. [online]. \u010cesk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost. [cit. 15. 6. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z WWW: <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/unor-1956-v-cesku-a-v-okolnich-zemich\/\">http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/unor-1956-v-cesku-a-v-okolnich-zemich\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">DA\u0147HELKA, J., TYDLIT\u00c1T, R., DOL\u00c1K, L., M\u0170LLER, M., LIPINA, P., TOLASZ, R., ELLEDER, L., N\u011aMEC, L., ZUSKOV\u00c1, I., \u0158EZN\u00cd\u010cKOV\u00c1, L., HUDE\u010cKOV\u00c1, M., H\u00c1JKOV\u00c1, L., H\u016eNOV\u00c1, I., \u0160T\u011aP\u00c1NEK, P., 2025. V Klementinu bylo nam\u011b\u0159eno\u2026 Praha: \u010cHM\u00da. 1. vyd. 272 s. ISBN 978-80-7653-076-8.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u2019ERRICO, M., PONS, F., YIOU, P., TAO, S., NARDINI, C., LUNKEIT, F., FARANDA, D., 2022. Present and future synoptic circulation patterns associated with cold and snowy spells over Italy. <em>Earth System Dynamics<\/em>, <strong>13<\/strong>, s. 961\u2013992, DOI: 10.5194\/esd-13-961-2022.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Deutscher Wetterdienst, 2026. Februar 1956 \u2013 Ein Leben wie im Eisschrank. [online]. [cit. 15. 04. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z\u00a0WWW: <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dwd.de\/DE\/wetter\/thema_des_tages\/2026\/1\/25.html#:~:text=Im%20Februar%201956%20suchte%20eine,unter%20dem%20von%201991%2D2020\">https:\/\/www.dwd.de\/DE\/wetter\/thema_des_tages\/2026\/1\/25.html#:~:text=Im%20Februar%201956%20suchte%20eine,unter%20dem%20von%201991%2D2020<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">DIZERENS, C., LENGGENHAGER, S., SCHWANDER, M., BUCK, A., FOFFA, S., 2017. The 1956 Cold Wave in Western Europe. In: BR\u00d6NNIMANN, S. (Ed.): Historical Weather Extremes in Reanalyses. <em>Geographica Bernensia<\/em>, <strong>G92<\/strong>, S. 101-111, DOI: 0.4480\/GB2017.G92.09.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">HANSELMAYER, J., WINTER, H., 1957. Der extrem kalte Februar 1956 in \u00d6sterreich. <em>Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank<\/em>, <strong>87<\/strong>, s. 69\u201373.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">HM\u00da, 1961. Podneb\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 republiky \u2013 Tabulky. Vydal HM\u00da, Praha. 1. vyd. 379 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">HM\u00da, 1964. Ro\u010denka pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch stanic republiky \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 1956, HM\u00da: Praha. 1. vyd. 295 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">HM\u00da 1964a. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty vzduchu v\u00a0\u010cSSR. Vydal HM\u00da Praha pro intern\u00ed pot\u0159ebu. 10 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">HRBEK, J., KRHOUNEK, S., 1957. Promrz\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fd v\u00a0zim\u011b 1955\u20131956. Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy \u010d. 1, ro\u010d. 10, s.\u00a016\u201323.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">IMGW, 1960. Rocznik Meteorologiczny 1956. Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i \u0141\u0105czno\u015bci Warszawa. 1. vyd., 482 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">ItalyHeritage, 2025. The snowfall of winter 1956. [online]. [cit. 15. 04. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z\u00a0WWW: https:\/\/www.italyheritage.com\/magazine\/history\/1956-snow.htm.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">LIPINA, P., \u0160USTKOV\u00c1, V., PROCH\u00c1ZKA, J., M\u00dcLLER, M., 2026. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b chladn\u00fd \u00fanor 1956 v \u010cesku. In: <em>Sborn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f z konference po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00fdm hydrometeorologick\u00fdm \u00fastavem, \u010ceskou meteorologickou spole\u010dnost\u00ed a Spr\u00e1vou Krkono\u0161sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku konan\u00e9 ve dnech 19. \u2013 21. kv\u011btna 2026 na Erlebachov\u011b boud\u011b v Krkono\u0161\u00edch. <\/em>Praha: \u010cHM\u00da. 1. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, 232 s. ISBN 978-80-7653-087-4. K dispozici tak\u00e9 [online]. Dostupn\u00e9 z WWW: http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Krkonose_2026.pdf. s. 152\u2013155.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">MA\u0147\u00c1K, J., 1957. Mo\u017eno pl\u00e1novat abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed chod teploty v\u00a0\u00fanoru? <em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy<\/em> \u010d. 3, ro\u010d. <strong>10<\/strong>. s. 76\u201379.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00c1ROVCOV\u00c1, J., N\u00c1ROVEC, V., \u010cERM\u00c1K, M., 2006. Jak velk\u00e9 budou po zim\u011b \u0161kody mrazem? <em>Lesnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce<\/em>, <strong>85<\/strong>, \u010d. 05\/06.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00da\u00d1EZ, M., \u00c1NGEL, J., MUDERA ROYO, C., AUP\u00cd ROYO, V., 2007. La gran ola de fr\u00edo de Febrero de 1956 en la Espa\u00f1a Mediterr\u00e1nea. <em>Calendario meteorol\u00f3gico<\/em>, <strong>2007<\/strong>, s. 267\u2013278.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">OPENDATA.DWD, 2025. Otev\u0159en\u00e1 data N\u011bmeck\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby [online]. DWD [cit. 28. 11. 2025]. Dostupn\u00e9 z WWW: https:\/\/opendata.dwd.de\/climate_environment\/CDC\/observations_germany\/climate\/.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">OPENDATA.GeoSphere, 2025. Otev\u0159en\u00e1 data Rakousk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby [online].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">GeoSphere Austria. [cit. 10. 3. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z WWW: https:\/\/dataset.api.hub.geosphere.at\/app\/frontend\/station\/historical\/klima-v2-1d.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">PestBuda, 2021. A blast saved Budapest from icy floods 65 years ago. [online]. [cit. 15. 04. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z\u00a0WWW: <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"https:\/\/pestbuda.hu\/en\/cikk\/20210324_a_blast_saved_budapest_from_icy_floods_65_years_ago\">https:\/\/pestbuda.hu\/en\/cikk\/20210324_a_blast_saved_budapest_from_icy_floods_65_years_ago<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">RIBES, A., ROBIN, Y., TESSIOT, O., CATTIAUX, J., 2025. Recent Extreme Cold Waves are Likely Not to Happen Again This Century. <em>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society<\/em>, <strong>106<\/strong>, s. E1759\u2013E1771, DOI: 10.1175\/BAMS-D-24-0013.1.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SLOCOMBE, G., 2021. My Personal Connection to Mediterranean Olive Trees via an Anomalous Event. [online]. LandARCHConcepts. [cit. 11. 04. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z\u00a0WWW: https:\/\/landarchconcepts.wordpress.com\/my-personal-connection-to-provencal-and-mediterranean-olive-trees-via-an-anomalous-event\/.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">ST\u0158\u00cd\u017d, M., 2008. Popis metod CLIDATA-GIS [online]. [cit. 20. 08. 2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 z WWW: <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infomet.cz\/fil\/1295510217.pdf\">http:\/\/www.infomet.cz\/fil\/1295510217.pdf<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tvnoviny.sk, 2026. Zima, jakou Evropa neza\u017eila za posledn\u00edch 70 let: Dunaj v Bratislav\u011b zamrzl, nahromad\u011bn\u00fd led byl uvoln\u011bn leteck\u00fdm bombardov\u00e1n\u00edm. [online]. [cit. 11. 04. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z\u00a0WWW:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"https:\/\/tvnoviny.sk\/domace\/clanok\/1016056-zima-aku-europa-nezazila-70-rokov-dunaj-v-bratislave-zamrzol-nahromadeny-lad-uvolnili-leteckym-bombardovanim?utm_source=chatgpt.com&amp;campaignsrc=tn_clipboard\">https:\/\/tvnoviny.sk\/domace\/clanok\/1016056-zima-aku-europa-nezazila-70-rokov-dunaj-v-bratislave-zamrzol-nahromadeny-lad-uvolnili-leteckym-bombardovanim?utm_source=chatgpt.com&amp;campaignsrc=tn_clipboard<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">TWARDOSZ, R., KOSSOWSKA-CEZAK, U., PE\u0141ECH, S., 2016. Extremely Cold Winter Months in Europe (1951-2010). <em>Acta Geophysica<\/em>, <strong>6<\/strong>, s. 2609\u20132629, DOI: 10.1515\/acgeo-2016-0083.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u017d\u00c1K, M., KARL\u00cdK, T., \u010cT24, 2026. Mr\u00e1z ze Sibi\u0159e p\u0159ed sedmdes\u00e1ti lety sev\u0159el Evropu. [online]. [cit. 11. 04. 2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z\u00a0WWW: https:\/\/ct24.ceskatelevize.cz\/clanek\/pocasi\/mraz-ze-sibire-pred-sedmdesati-lety-sevrel-evropu-370529.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ed7852b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ed7852b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0e79ae\" data-id=\"f0e79ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a15be60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a15be60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova:<\/strong> teplota vzduchu, N\u011bmecko, Polsko, Rakousko, Slovensko<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-709d8b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"709d8b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e5ba8e\" data-id=\"7e5ba8e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0e5fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f0e5fcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9fab61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9fab61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd6d147\" data-id=\"fd6d147\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e234225 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e234225\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Auto\u0159i \u010dl\u00e1nku d\u011bkuj\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016fm odd\u011blen\u00ed meteorologie a klimatologie pobo\u010dek \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu za dohled\u00e1n\u00ed a poskytnut\u00ed informac\u00ed o historick\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch stanic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsme nalezli v\u00a0ro\u010dence z\u00a0roku 1956 a nem\u00e1me o nich \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace v\u00a0klimatologick\u00e9 aplikaci CLIDATA. D\u011bkujeme rovn\u011b\u017e v\u0161em za r\u016fzn\u00e9 podn\u011bty a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na recenzent\u016fm za doporu\u010den\u00ed a p\u0159ipom\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 vedly ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku. Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed i J\u00e1chymu Brzezinovi za vytvo\u0159en\u00ed webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky s\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm obsahem vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f k\u00a0tomuto \u010dl\u00e1nku. \u00a0\u010c\u00e1st meteorologick\u00fdch dat z\u00a0\u010desko-polsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edhrani\u010d\u00ed byla poskytnuta kolegou z\u00a0IMGW (Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej Pa\u0144stwowy Instytut Badawczy) Jakubem Sorokou. M. M\u00fcller d\u011bkuje za podporu projektu CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004605 P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a antropogenn\u00ed georizika; sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem chce tak\u00e9 pod\u011bkovat za sv\u011bdectv\u00ed sv\u00e9mu d\u011bde\u010dkovi Janu Janou\u0161kovi, kter\u00fd str\u00e1vil \u00fanor 1956 v\u00a0komunistick\u00e9m l\u00e1gru Vojna u P\u0159\u00edbrami.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e546505 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e546505\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-099f55e\" data-id=\"099f55e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28c3e2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b28c3e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#0c0d0e;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-bottom:0;flex-grow:1;border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider__element{margin-right:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ed3fdb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ed3fdb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-028a820\" data-id=\"028a820\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2ef47a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2ef47a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Mraziv\u00fd \u00fanor 1956 v \u010cesku a ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b \u2013 <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010dl\u00e1nek v \u010dasopisu Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy 2026\/3 (zde uveden s laskav\u00fdm souhlasem redakce) dopln\u011bn\u00fd o vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 mapy, medailonky vybran\u00fdch stanic s extr\u00e9my teploty vzduchu a v\u00fdchoz\u00edm datov\u00fdm souborem v interaktivn\u00ed podob\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Str\u00e1nky dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek v Meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch vytvo\u0159il kolega <strong>J\u00e1chym Brzezina<\/strong>, kter\u00e9mu pat\u0159\u00ed za tento po\u010din velk\u00e9 pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed autor\u016f p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku.<\/span><\/p><p><em><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro zobrazen\u00ed map, medailonk\u016f stanic a v\u00fdchoz\u00edho datov\u00e9ho souboru v interaktivn\u00ed podob\u011b klikn\u011bte na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 texty n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b47231a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b47231a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc99690\" data-id=\"dc99690\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65954b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65954b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/info.chmi.cz\/temporary\/unor1956\/images.php\">Mapy a medailonky stanic<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b4af48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b4af48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9acf872\" data-id=\"9acf872\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f0c5d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f0c5d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/info.chmi.cz\/temporary\/unor1956\/table.php\">V\u00fdchoz\u00ed datov\u00fd soubor<\/a><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7ce6c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7ce6c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73860c4\" data-id=\"73860c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c0ee46 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3c0ee46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb15f4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb15f4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10ebe3e\" data-id=\"10ebe3e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c671a8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c671a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Abstract<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>The Freezing February of 1956 in the Czech Republic and Central Europe<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><em><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pavel Lipina, Veronika \u0160ustkov\u00e1, Jan Proch\u00e1zka, Miloslav M\u00fcller, Kl\u00e1ra \u010c\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1<\/span><\/em><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">February 2026 marked the 70th anniversary of the extremely cold February of 1956. This month is often compared to February 1929, which was the coldest month in the Czech Republic in the last 150 years for which we have the measurement data needed for such an assessment. The daily minimum air temperatures recorded on January 31 and February 1, 9, and 10 (and in Slovakia also on February 16\u201318) 1956 are often compared to the Czech absolute minimum from February 11, 1929. Based on accounts from eyewitnesses in the \u0160umava Mountains, there is information suggesting that air temperatures there may have reached as low as around \u221245 \u00b0C in February 1956. For this reason, we initially intended to provide a detailed analysis of the entire winter of 1955\/1956. However, upon analyzing the coldest winters, we found that the winter of 1955\/1956 as a whole does not rank among the coldest, so we decided against a detailed analysis of the entire winter. We focused primarily on the causes and course of the coldest period, i.e., approximately from January 31 to February 10, 1956, and subsequently on a more detailed assessment of February 1956 as a whole.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Since the Czech Republic is not a very large country and the weather and climate generally do not \u201crespect\u201d national borders, we decided to expand the scope of this episode to cover a somewhat larger area, i.e., including neighboring countries. We included all available data from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Germany, and Austria in our analysis. We believe that this study, expanded to cover the region, will provide readers with interesting information not only about air temperature extremes but also about the availability of meteorological data during this period and in this area.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Since we gathered a large amount of interesting data, datasets, graphs, and maps while analyzing this exceptionally cold episode, we decided to make the information not used in this article available to interested parties on a webpage created for this article.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> air temperature, Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mraziv\u00fd \u00fanor 1956 v \u010cesku a ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b Pavel Lipina1, Veronika \u0160ustkov\u00e11, Jan Proch\u00e1zka2, Miloslav M\u00fcller3,4 Kl\u00e1ra \u010c\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e11 1 \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav, pobo\u010dka Ostrava, K\u00a0Myslivn\u011b 3\/2185, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17305","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17305"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17530,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17305\/revisions\/17530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}