{"id":1447,"date":"2023-11-26T14:04:37","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T13:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=1447"},"modified":"2025-02-22T13:59:50","modified_gmt":"2025-02-22T12:59:50","slug":"emanuel-purkyne","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/emanuel-purkyne\/","title":{"rendered":"Emanuel Purkyn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1447\" class=\"elementor elementor-1447\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41a90d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41a90d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7f09fb\" data-id=\"e7f09fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d903f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d903f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Emanuel Purkyn\u011b<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c97766 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c97766\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-388da38\" data-id=\"388da38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51601b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f51601b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1831<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u2013<\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1882<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bf3ff4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bf3ff4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98aac9a\" data-id=\"98aac9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81dfb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e81dfb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Emanuel-Purkyne.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Emanuel Purkyn\u011b\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTQ1NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTFcL0VtYW51ZWwtUHVya3luZS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"313\" height=\"431\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Emanuel-Purkyne.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1455\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Emanuel-Purkyne.jpg 313w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Emanuel-Purkyne-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6a8a6\" data-id=\"5a6a8a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef7c764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef7c764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>HODNOCEN\u00cd D\u00cdLA Dr. EMANUELA PURKYN\u011a (1831\u20131882) A UCT\u011aN\u00cd JEHO PAM\u00c1TKY<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">23. 5. 1982 uplynulo sto let od n\u00e1hl\u00e9, ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 smrti \u010desk\u00e9ho v\u011bdce, profesora lesnick\u00e9 \u0161koly v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem, Dr. Ema\u00adnuela ryt\u00ed\u0159e Purkyn\u011b<sup>1<\/sup>). \u010cs. bioklimatologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost p\u0159i \u010cSAV spolu s \u010cs. meteorologickou spole\u010dnost\u00ed, \u010cs. botanickou spole\u010dnosti, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm muzeem v Praze a M\u011bstsk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm v\u00fdborem v B\u011bl\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1dala dne 19. 5.1982 v Praze 10 sympozium o \u017eivot\u011b a d\u00edle Emanuela Purkyn\u011b, dne 20. 5. 1982 pak v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem pietn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednku u jeho pomn\u00edku v parku na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Miru a u hrobu na star\u00e9m b\u011blsk\u00e9m h\u0159bi\u00adtov\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na pra\u017esk\u00e9m sympoziu \u00favodn\u00ed slovo k v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu a mrav\u00adn\u00edmu odkazu Emanuela Purkyn\u011b pronesl ing. Vladim\u00edr Kre\u010dmer, CSc., p\u0159edseda sekce bioklimatologie rostlin \u010cSBkS p\u0159i \u010cSAV. \u00da\u010dastnici se pak sezn\u00e1mili s rodinou Purky\u0148\u016f a s rodinn\u00fdm z\u00e1zem\u00edm Emanuela (refer\u00e1t PhDr. Eva Rozs\u00edvalov\u00e1, CSc. z \u00dastavu d\u011bjin l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed KU Praha) jako\u017e i se \u017eivotopisem Emanuela Purkyn\u011b (ing. Otakar Koke\u0161, spolu\u00adpracovn\u00edk Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho muzea Praha).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-913fa42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"913fa42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6e8a01\" data-id=\"a6e8a01\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6585ee9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6585ee9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>90. v\u00fdro\u010di smrti dr. Emanuela Purkyn\u011b (1831\u20131882)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V kv\u011btnu 1972 se naplnilo dev\u011bt des\u00edtek let od \u00famrt\u00ed t\u00e9to osob\u00adnosti \u010desk\u00e9 v\u011bdy, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na\u0161\u00ed u\u017eit\u00e9 meteorologie. Dr. E. Purky\u00adn\u011b \u2014 syn slavn\u00e9ho otce Jana Evangelisty \u2014 by mohl b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vem nazv\u00e1n zakladatelem mikroklimatologie, a to nejen u n\u00e1s, ale i v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku sv\u011btov\u00e9m. Bohu\u017eel jeho studie nebyly v pln\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159i publikov\u00e1ny a drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stati v pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch les\u00adnick\u00fdch \u010dasopisech zapadly, tak\u017ee za \u201eotce&#8221; mikroklimatologie byli pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed Vojejkov a botanik Kraus. Svoje pr\u00e1ce v\u0161ak pro\u00adv\u00e1d\u011bli 30\u201450 let po tom, kdy Emanuel Purkyn\u011b vedl (1857\u201458) mikroklimatologick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na z\u00e1honech zahrady tehdej\u0161\u00edho Musea kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho v Praze (nap\u0159. i s um\u011bl\u00fdm pahrbkem k stanoven\u00ed expozi\u010dn\u00edho mikroklimatu) nebo dokonce ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy lok\u00e1ln\u00edho stanovi\u0161tn\u00edho podneb\u00ed v okol\u00ed Chuchle (s mikroklimatick\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi v lese, na louce, v \u00fadol\u00ed, na n\u00e1horn\u00edm plat\u00f3 atd.). S pozn\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edch charakteristik mikrokli\u00admatick\u00e9 prom\u011bnlivosti v horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm sm\u011bru a se zcela dne\u0161n\u00edm ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdznamu mikroklimatick\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry pro \u017eivot rostlin!<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e pozd\u011bji osudem mu nebylo dop\u0159\u00e1no mo\u017enosti pod\u00edlet se na v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v Praze, odch\u00e1z\u00ed 1860 na lesnickou \u0161kolu v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem (tehdy \u0161kola s \u00farovn\u00ed vysoko\u0161kolskou, re\u00adnomovan\u00e1 i ve sv\u011bt\u011b). Rozpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f botanick\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 mu zajistily trval\u00e9 jm\u00e9no v tomto oboru. Pozd\u011bji svoji velkou energii v\u011bnuje u\u017eit\u00e9 meteorologii. K ot\u00e1zce v sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech celospole\u010densk\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu a tehdy i zna\u010dn\u00e9ho politickoekonomick\u00e9\u00adho v\u00fdznamu \u2014 k vlivu les\u016f na podneb\u00ed a sr\u00e1\u017eky velk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u2014 zaujal stanovisko v docela modern\u00edm pojet\u00ed: odm\u00edtl domn\u011bnky o prakticky vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9m vlivu les\u016f na sr\u00e1\u017eky podrobn\u00fdmi rozbory na z\u00e1klad\u011b klimatologick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz z \u0159ady oblast\u00ed sv\u011bta. Jeho pl\u00e1ny \u0161ly mnohem d\u00e1l ne\u017e k vyvracen\u00ed \u010dasto naivn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f. M\u011bl na mysli nap\u0159. klimatografii zem\u011b ve prosp\u011bch zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a lesnictv\u00ed. Vyu\u017eil popul\u00e1rnosti problematiky v \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti lesnick\u00e9 a ve spolupr\u00e1ci a pod patronac\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty podn\u00edtil zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b ombrometrick\u00fdch stanic. Je to v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch na\u0161\u00ed meteorologie nesporn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost; d\u00edky t\u00e9to akci vzniklo v \u010cech\u00e1ch v druh\u00e9 p\u016fli sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 760 stanic a tato s\u00ed\u0165, rozlo\u017een\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v kraj\u00edch lesnat\u00fdch u lesn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a mysliven, postavila tehdy \u010cechy na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto v hustot\u011b sta\u00adni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b v\u016fbec.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Centr\u00e1la t\u00e9to s\u00edt\u011b byla v B\u011bl\u00e9 u prof. Purkyn\u011b. Kdy\u017e pak za\u010dal sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory o bezv\u00fdznamnosti les\u016f jako tv\u016frc\u016f sr\u00e1\u017eek \u0161\u00ed\u0159it mezi ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed (v novin\u00e1ch), narazil. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Purkyn\u011b byl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u011bdcem a p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem na to, aby dovedl sv\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, nepopul\u00e1rn\u00ed u jeho chlebod\u00e1rc\u016f, zap\u0159\u00edt a neh\u00e1jit. Ov\u0161em hl\u00e1sat tehdy, \u017ee lesy nemaj\u00ed vlivu na sr\u00e1\u017eky, dokonce hl\u00e1sat to na les\u00adnick\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, bylo pokl\u00e1d\u00e1no za t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ohro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed stavovsk\u00e9 presti\u017ee a z\u00e1jm\u016f lesn\u00edch majetk\u016f, opov\u00e1\u017eliv\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 za pen\u00edze ma\u00adjitel\u016f les\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u011b\u017ekosti kolem toho vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed, odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed se v mo\u017enostech \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a publikace dat, nakonec i v postaven\u00ed prof. Pur\u00adkyn\u011b na \u0161kole, vedly a\u017e k jeho n\u00e1hl\u00e9 smrti 23. kv\u011btna 1882.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lesnick\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 stanic, vznikl\u00fdch z popudu E. Purkyn\u011b a j\u00edm spra\u00advovan\u00e1, by a pak p\u0159evedena k hydrologick\u00e9 komisi p\u0159i Zemsk\u00e9m v\u00fdboru, kde stanice do odborn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy p\u0159evzal prof. F. J. Stud\u00adni\u010dka. Za podtr\u017een\u00ed stoj\u00ed, \u017ee teprve od t\u00e9to doby tak\u00e9 ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed na\u0161e meteorologick\u00e1 historiografie d\u0159\u00edve uzn\u00e1vala budov\u00e1n\u00ed stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a spojovala je jedin\u011b se jm\u00e9nem prof. Studni\u010dky. N\u00e1hodn\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st osudu nebo d\u016fsledn\u00e1 a dalekosahaj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e1vn\u00e1 nechu\u0165 bur\u017eoazn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti k tomu, kter\u00fd si troufal za jej\u00ed pen\u00edze myslet po sv\u00e9m? Prof. dr. Alois Gregor byl prvn\u00edm z meteorolog\u016f, kter\u00fd tuto z\u00e1le\u017eitost z historie stav\u00ed do spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch proporc\u00ed (1965).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">My\u0161lenky Emanuela Purkyn\u011b p\u0159esko\u010dily z \u010cech tak\u00e9 na Mora\u00advu, kde rovn\u011b\u017e vznikla pom\u011brn\u011b po\u010detn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 stanic se stejn\u00fdmi z\u00e1m\u011bry a idejemi. Ti, kdo\u017e na Morav\u011b st\u00e1li u jej\u00ed kol\u00e9bky, myslili v\u0161ak takti\u010dt\u011bji. Od po\u010d\u00e1tku svazovali z\u00e1jmy a nad\u0161en\u00ed lesnick\u00e9 s \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed, tehdy aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed praktickou problematikou technicko-ekonomickou (\u00fapravy tok\u016f Be\u010dvy, Moravy atd.). Tato vazba na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy zajistila tak\u00e9 lep\u0161\u00ed oporu a podporu mo\u00adravsk\u00e9 s\u00edti a jej\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 trv\u00e1n\u00ed pod \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm profesora brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 techniky G. Niessla.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je jist\u011b pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee pam\u00e1tka dr. E. Purkyn\u011b se v m\u00edst\u011b jeho pedagogick\u00e9ho a v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed dodnes udr\u017euje. V B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem je nejen jeho hrob na star\u00e9m h\u0159bitov\u011b, ale i pomn\u00edk na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed. Na t\u011bchto m\u00edstech se tak\u00e9 ve v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed den \u00famrt\u00ed \u2014 23. kv\u011btna 1972 \u2014 konala pietn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednka, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e za \u00fa\u010dasti z\u00e1stupc\u016f lidov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, ob\u010danstva a ml\u00e1de\u017ee byly polo\u017eeny na hrob a k pomn\u00edku kytice k uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky dr. Emanuela Purky\u00adn\u011b. Na vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e9m aktu se \u00fa\u010dastnili z\u00e1stupci \u010cs. biolkimatologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, \u010cs. meteorologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a \u010cSAV.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u00edlo a my\u0161lenky dr. Emanuela Purkyn\u011b ho stav\u011bj\u00ed ke sv\u011btov\u00fdm pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016fm u\u017eit\u00e9 meteorologie, z \u010deho\u017e vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 i jeho m\u00edsto v historii na\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdy. P\u0159i 90. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed jeho n\u00e1hl\u00e9 smrti jsme si to znovu p\u0159ipomn\u011bli i se sv\u00fdmi dluhy jeho pam\u00e1tce.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Vladim\u00edr Kre\u010dmer, MZ 1972\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 25, str. 178<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82b0144 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"82b0144\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42345b7\" data-id=\"42345b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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.elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e93c11f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e93c11f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b169ea\" data-id=\"6b169ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-768db9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"768db9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u00e1le bylo rozebr\u00e1no d\u00edlo Emanuela Purkyn\u011b v botanice, geobotanice a dendrologii (refer\u00e1ty RNDr. Jana Janko, CSc. z \u00dastavu \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch a sv\u011btov\u00fdch d\u011bjin \u010cSAV, RNDr. Bohumila Slav\u00edka, CSc., a ing. Anton\u00edna M.Svobody, CSc. z Botanick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu \u010cSAV).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Uveden\u00ed odborn\u00edci se shodli v tom. \u017ee E. Purkyn\u011b byl na\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm botanikem XIX. stolet\u00ed. Jeho velmi pokrokov\u00e9 studium vazeb rostlinstva s prost\u0159ed\u00edm p\u0159ipravilo p\u016fdu pro dal\u0161\u00ed jeho v\u011bdeckou \u010dinnost na \u00faseku u\u017eit\u00e9 meteorologie \u2014 v bioklimatologii a lesnick\u00e9 meteorologii.<\/span><\/p><div style=\"text-align: left;\"><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jestli\u017ee v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u00edlo Emanuela Purkyn\u011b v botanice le\u017e\u00ed na progresivn\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 linii t\u00e9to discipl\u00edny v XIX. stolet\u00ed, jeho my\u0161lenky a studie v oboru u\u017eit\u00e9 meteorologie p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u016f\u010di v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 linii tohoto oboru v\u00fdraznou kladnou anom\u00e1lii \u2014 a to rozhodn\u011b ne jenom v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na sympoziu bylo rozebr\u00e1no d\u00edlo a ideje Emanuela Purkyn\u011b z hlediska bioklimatologie a mikroklimatologie (ing. V. Kre\u010d\u00admer, CSc., V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a myslivosti J\u00edlovi\u0161t\u011b-Strnady) i meteorologie (RNDr. Karel Dubec, \u00dastav u\u017eit\u00e9 ekologie a ekotechniky V\u0160Z Praha; RNDr. Jan Munzar, CSc., Geografick\u00fd \u00fastav \u010cSAV Brno) a v\u00fdvoje t\u011bchto v\u011bdn\u00edch\u00a0 obor\u016f u n\u00e1s i ve sv\u011bt\u011b. V refer\u00e1tech byla zhodnocena Purkyn\u011bho mikroklimatick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a vyzdvi\u017eeny ter\u00e9nn\u00ed mikroklimatologick\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy z druh\u00e9 poloviny pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let XIX. sto\u00adlet\u00ed, jimi\u017e p\u0159edb\u011bhl sv\u011bt o v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let. Hodn\u011b se hovo\u0159ilo v refer\u00e1tech i v diskusi o studi\u00edch Emanuela Purkyn\u011b a jeho v\u011bdecko-organiza\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti okolo problematiky vztahu les\u016f a podneb\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na sr\u00e1\u017eek, je\u017e vyvrcholila zalo\u017een\u00edm a \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm po\u010detn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b ombrometrick\u00fdch stanic v Cech\u00e1ch v druh\u00e9 polo\u00advin\u011b sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let (pozd\u011bji pak podle jeho p\u0159\u00edkladu i na Morav\u011b). P\u0159edstih Emanuela Purkyn\u011b je dob\u0159e patrn\u00fd t\u0159eba i z porovn\u00e1n\u00ed studi\u00ed tohoto pedagoga lesnick\u00e9 \u0161koly v B\u011bl\u00e9 a tehdej\u0161\u00edho koryfeje z pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzity prof. Dr. F. J. Stud\u00adni\u010dky. Zat\u00edmco n\u00e1zory a z\u00e1v\u011bry prof. Studni\u010dky jsou ji\u017e jen historick\u00fdm dokumentem tehdej\u0161\u00edch chybn\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f i me\u00adtod, argumenty dr. Purkyn\u011b k ot\u00e1zce les\u016f a sr\u00e1\u017eek by mo\u00adhly b\u00fdt ti\u0161t\u011bny i dnes bez podstatn\u00fdch p\u0159ipom\u00ednek. Na sym\u00adpoziu byla tak\u00e9 zhodnocena pedagogick\u00e1 a v\u011bdeck\u00e1 \u010dinnost dr. E. Purkyn\u011b z hlediska lesnick\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed (referuj\u00edc\u00ed Ji\u0159\u00ed Uhl\u00ed\u0159, profesor SLT\u0160 Trutnov).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sympozium podtrhlo tak\u00e9 mravn\u00ed s\u00edlu Emanuela Purkyn\u011b. V mal\u00fdch pom\u011brech venkovsk\u00e9ho m\u011bste\u010dka do\u0161el k z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm, kter\u00e9 odporovaly jak tehdej\u0161\u00edm obecn\u00fdm stanovisk\u016fm p\u0159ed\u00adstavitel\u016f v\u011bdy, tak i z\u00e1jm\u016fm lesnick\u00fdch latifundist\u016f; p\u0159esto se nezalekl a pokl\u00e1daje za \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 poznanou skute\u010dnost pro\u00adsazovat proti omyl\u016fm, naivnosti i zl\u00e9 v\u016fli, \u010dinil tak s velkou horlivost\u00ed. Tak jak \u201elesn\u00ed a vodn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka&#8221; h\u00fdbala tehdej\u0161\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm \u017eivotem, hl\u00e1sal sv\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry \u2014 zcela proti zvyklostem v\u011bdc\u016f t\u00e9 doby \u2014 i v popul\u00e1rn\u00edm a denn\u00edm tisku, ani\u017e by sle\u00advoval na \u00farovni argumentace. Postavil se tak fakticky proti t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm feud\u00e1ln\u011b-bur\u017eoazn\u00edch vlastn\u00edk\u016f les\u016f, a to na \u0161kole jimi vydr\u017eovan\u00e9. Byl nakonec u\u0161tv\u00e1n k smrti v 50. roce sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Velmi pozoruhodn\u00e1 je i soudr\u017enost dot\u010den\u00fdch skupin tehdej\u0161\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti: po ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 smrti E. Purkyn\u011b poda\u0159ilo se j\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 docela uml\u010det jeho jm\u00e9no i d\u00edlo, a to zejm\u00e9na v \u010d\u00e1stech nejprogres\u00edvn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se u\u017eit\u00e9 meteorologie. Sta\u010d\u00ed nahl\u00e9dnout do interpretac\u00ed historie na\u0161\u00ed meteorologie a porovnat skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos Emanuela Purkyn\u011b s t\u00edm, co b\u00fdvalo ps\u00e1no.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u00edm siln\u011bji p\u016fsobila na \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky pietn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednka v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem. Zat\u00edm co odp\u016frci progresivn\u00edch idej\u00ed Purky\u0148ov\u00fdch jsou mrtvou histori\u00ed a jeho nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 z \u0159ad lesnick\u00fdch statk\u00e1\u0159\u016f a jejich slouh\u016f d\u00e1vno vymizeli z pam\u011bti beze stop, kladli z\u00e1stupci v\u011bdeck\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed Akademie a dal\u0161\u00edch instituc\u00ed kv\u011bty k pomn\u00edku dr. E. Purkyn\u011b a k jeho hrobu s pocitem \u017eiv\u00e9 soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti d\u00edla tohoto v\u011bdce s dne\u0161kem a s hlubokou \u00factou k jeho mravn\u00ed s\u00edle. Zd\u016fraznil to ve sv\u00e9m proslovu u hrobu E. Purkyn\u011b prof. dr. Karel Symon, I. m\u00edsto\u00adp\u0159edseda \u010cSBkS p\u0159i \u010cSAV. P\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00fd d\u011btsk\u00fd p\u011bveck\u00fd sbor pion\u00fdr\u016f b\u011blsk\u00e9 \u0161koly a dal\u0161\u00ed kulturn\u00ed n\u00e1pl\u0148, p\u0159ipraven\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed M\u011bstsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdboru v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem, vytvo\u0159ila nezapomenuteln\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed pietn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Obr. \u00a0Polo\u017eeni v\u011bnce \u010ds. bioklimatologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti p\u0159i \u010cSAV k pomn\u00edku dr. E. Purkyn\u011b v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem<\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>1)<\/sup> Viz Meteorol. Zpr\u00e1vy, 16, 1963, \u010d. 1, s. 8 \u2014 13.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Vladim\u00edr Kre\u010dmer, MZ 1982\/5, ro\u010dn\u00edk 35, str. 158<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aedfc36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aedfc36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d658e3b\" data-id=\"d658e3b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59ead11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59ead11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c21aca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c21aca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6152cf9\" data-id=\"6152cf9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9afcff8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9afcff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d491906 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d491906\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9fdaa5b\" data-id=\"9fdaa5b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e920bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e920bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>P\u0158\u00cdSP\u011aVEK K HISTORII U\u017dIT\u00c9 METEOROLOGIE<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>(Osobnost dr. Emanuela Purkyn\u011b)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V \u010dasopisu Meteorologija i gidrologija protestuje M. I. \u0160\u010derban [28] proti tomu, \u017ee Geiger [6] uv\u00e1d\u00ed jako \u201eotce&#8221; mikroklimatologie n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho botanika G. Krause (viz jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u00edlo z roku 1911, [9]). \u0160\u010derban stav\u00ed na jeho m\u00edsto jako zakladatele mikro\u00adklimatologie A. I. Vojejkova a uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 vystoupen\u00ed a d\u00edla od roku 1879, v nich\u017e rusk\u00fd klimatolog hovo\u0159\u00ed o vlivu ter\u00e9nu na meteorologick\u00e9 prvky. V roce 1892 organizoval Vojejkov mikro\u00adklimatick\u00fd ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum &#8211; podle \u0160\u010derban\u011b prvn\u00ed v historii jeho\u017e ideu uvedl takto [29]: \u201eJe v z\u00e1jmu zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed nutn\u00e9 pro\u00adv\u00e9st pr\u00e1ci, ji\u017e naz\u00fdv\u00e1m m\u00edstn\u00edm klimatick\u00fdm pr\u016fzkumem, tj. pomoc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed stanovit vliv nerovnost\u00ed p\u016fdy a r\u016fzn\u00e9ho druhu rostlinstva na teplotu a vlhkost vzduchu, s\u00edlu v\u011btru i v\u00fdpar&#8221;.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nepova\u017eujeme za prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 hledat a ur\u010dovat je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed \u201eotce&#8221; mikroklimatologie. Bylo by to ostatn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9, nebo\u0165 v dob\u011b Vojejkovov\u011b shodn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory vyslovilo i praktick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed provedlo ji\u017e v\u00edce pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Cht\u011bli bychom v\u0161ak upozornit odbornou ve\u0159ejnost p\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti na dnes t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zapomenut\u00e9, ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u0161ak jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a podnes platn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a pr\u00e1ce, spojen\u00e9 s osobnost\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed botanick\u00e9 a lesnick\u00e9 v\u011bdy minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, s dr. Emanuelem Purkyn\u011bm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Osobnost Emanuela Purkyn\u011b je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 z hle\u00addiska historie nejen na\u0161eho lesnictv\u00ed \u010di botaniky, ale i na\u0161\u00ed obecn\u00e9 a u\u017eit\u00e9 meteorologie, klimatologie a mikroklimatologie. Jeho pozoruhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, akce a n\u00e1zory nebyly v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b dostate\u010dn\u011b zhodnoceny a z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed &#8211; a\u017e na skrovn\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednky &#8211; skoro zapo\u00admenuty. Plat\u00ed to jak o jeho d\u00edle botanick\u00e9m tak zejm\u00e9na o jeho \u010dinnosti v oboru meteorologie. Zde se teprve ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 jako skute\u010dn\u00fd zakladatel na\u0161\u00ed lesnick\u00e9 meteorologie (viz [10]).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159ipome\u0148me si nejprve v hrub\u00fdch rysech \u017eivotopis Emanuela Purkyn\u011b [7, 8]. Narodil se 17. 12. 1831 ve Vratislavi, kde jeho otec, slavn\u00fd Jan Evangelista Purkyn\u011b, p\u016fsobil na universit\u011b jako profesor fysiologie. Emanuel ji\u017e od ml\u00e1d\u00ed jevil velk\u00e9 a v\u0161estrann\u00e9 nad\u00e1n\u00ed po sv\u00e9m otci. M\u011bl hlubok\u00fd z\u00e1jem o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy &#8211; zejm\u00e9na botaniku &#8211; a krom gymnasia nav\u0161t\u011bvoval nap\u0159. t\u00e9\u017e institut v\u00fdtvar\u00adn\u00fdch um\u011bn\u00ed (se sv\u00fdm bratrem Karlem, [30]). V jeho \u017eivotopise se zd\u016fraz\u0148uje \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 (byl nap\u0159. polyglot se znalost\u00ed mnoha modern\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch, orient\u00e1ln\u00edch i klasick\u00fdch jazyk\u016f) a t\u00e9\u017e zasv\u011bcen\u00e1 znalost hudby [13]. V roce 1850 p\u0159i\u0161el s otcem do Prahy, kde po maturit\u011b vstoupil roku 1852 na universitu. P\u016f\u00advodn\u011b za\u010dal studovat l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, av\u0161ak jeho \u017e\u00e1dost o p\u0159ijet\u00ed za kustoda botanick\u00fdch sb\u00edrek Musea kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho z pro\u00adsince 1854 ohla\u0161uje ji\u017e zm\u011bnu sm\u011bru jeho studi\u00ed; n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku p\u0159estoupil na filosofickou fakultu, kde vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed slo\u017eil u\u010di\u00adtelsk\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky pro v\u00fduku p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd na gymnasi\u00edch a roku 1857 nabyl hodnosti doktorsk\u00e9. A\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 do odchodu z Prahy pracoval odborn\u011b v botanick\u00e9m odd\u011blen\u00ed Musea jako kustod bo\u00adtanick\u00fdch sb\u00edrek (od r. 1855, [11]), pozd\u011bji p\u016fsobil kr\u00e1tce t\u00e9\u017e jako suplent profesury na dvou pra\u017esk\u00fdch gymnasi\u00edch. Jeho hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1jem o r\u016fzn\u00e9 obory botaniky vedl ho pak v roce 1860 na lesnickou \u0161kolu (Forstlehranstalt), zalo\u017eenou z prost\u0159edk\u016f les\u00adnictva v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem a udr\u017eovanou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm lesnick\u00fdm \u0161koln\u00edm spolkem (Forstschulverein). Tam p\u016fsobil jako profesor \u0159ady z\u00e1kladn\u00edch i u\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd od roku 1860 a\u017e do sv\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 a n\u00e1hl\u00e9 smrti dne 23. 5. 1882 [7].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mlad\u00fd Emanuel Purkyn\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy pracoval v Museu, stu\u00addoval mezi jin\u00fdm s velk\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem fytogeografii, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fz\u00adn\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin, a to zejm\u00e9na se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm &#8211; u\u017eijeme-li dne\u0161n\u00edho n\u00e1zvoslov\u00ed &#8211; k nauce o stanovi\u0161ti i fytocenologii. Toto spojen\u00ed studia roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rostlin a rostlinn\u00fdch spole\u010denstev s ob\u00adjas\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm podm\u00ednek vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed je neoby\u010dejn\u011b v\u00fdznam\u00adn\u00fd moment Purky\u0148ova d\u00edla; ji\u017e z toho vynik\u00e1 jeho p\u0159edstih p\u0159ed botaniky tehdej\u0161\u00ed doby, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u011bstovali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm popisnou floristiku. Z botanick\u00e9ho hlediska na to opakovan\u011b upozornil Domin (viz [4], [5]). Zkoum\u00e1me-li roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rostlin v souvislosti s podm\u00ednkami vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jsme ji\u017e velmi bl\u00edzko pozn\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edch vrstev ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na postupujeme-li od studia pom\u011br\u016f na velk\u00fdch rozloh\u00e1ch k prostor\u00e1m men\u0161\u00edm. Purkyn\u011b poznal, jak \u00favahy o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rostlin a jejich spole\u010denstev selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i znalosti pouze obecn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch dat, jich\u017e ostatn\u011b ve sv\u00fdch pracech botanick\u00fdch bohat\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edval (viz nap\u0159. [15], [17], [18]). Data o ovzdu\u0161n\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch byla po\u00adchopiteln\u011b vlivem \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b meteorologick\u00fdch stanic velice kus\u00e1, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b srovn\u00e1val-li je se znalostmi geologick\u00e9ho podkladu a p\u016fd s jejich zm\u011bnami od lokality k lokalit\u011b. Postr\u00e1dal tu analogick\u00e9 v\u011bdomosti o stanovi\u0161tn\u00edm a exposi\u010dn\u00edm klimatu [22]<sup>1<\/sup>). Ujasnil si t\u00e9\u017e, \u017ee ani hust\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch stanic nedod\u00e1 nutn\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch ovzdu\u0161n\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b r\u016fstu rostlin &#8211; o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u00edstn\u00edho podneb\u00ed. Jeho existence si Purkyn\u011b v\u0161\u00edmal na sv\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch, nap\u0159. r\u016fzn\u00fdch klimat exposi\u010dn\u00edch nebo r\u016fzn\u00fdch teplotn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f za mraz\u00edk\u016f, jak se projevily v \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch na rostlinstvo na okraji a uvnit\u0159 lesn\u00edch porost\u016f ([15], str. 134).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">S\u00e1m proto v roce 1857 a 1858 podnikl mikroklimatick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed (viz [19], [22]), jejich\u017e metodika bez dal\u0161\u00edho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed jasn\u011b sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee E. Purkyn\u011b pochopil pojem mikroklimatu i jeho v\u00fdznam pro biologick\u00e9 objekty ve zcela dne\u0161n\u00edm pojet\u00ed. Nach\u00e1z\u00edme zde tedy to, co oce\u0148uje \u0160\u010derban u Vojejkova a Geiger u Krause, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o p\u016fl stolet\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve. Vzhledem k tomu nebude bez v\u00fdznamu popsat bl\u00ed\u017ee zp\u016fsob Purky\u0148ov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Emanuel Purkyn\u011b m\u011b\u0159il 10 teplom\u011bry v zahrad\u011b Musea v Praze (kterou s\u00e1m zalo\u017eil jako botanickou zahradu a kde vytv\u00e1\u00ad\u0159el mimo jin\u00e9 soubornou sb\u00edrku dom\u00e1c\u00edho rostlinstva podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch stanovi\u0161\u0165) na ji\u017en\u00ed a severn\u00ed stran\u011b navr\u0161en\u00e9ho pahorku, a to nad p\u016fdou ve v\u00fd\u0161ce asi 32 cm a v p\u016fd\u011b v hloubce asi 1 a 16 cm. D\u00e1le um\u00edstil teplom\u011bry do st\u00ednu zdi, do k\u0159ovin a na zvlh\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edsto. P\u0159i instalaci teplom\u011br\u016f v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se pou\u010dil z n\u00e1mitek n\u011bkter\u00fdch botanik\u016f (nap\u0159. Baer), kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b vyt\u00fdkali me\u00adteorolog\u016fm, \u017ee se sv\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi ut\u00edkaj\u00ed p\u0159ed slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159e\u00adn\u00edm, tak v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v p\u016fsoben\u00ed na rostlinstvo. Purkyn\u011b teplo\u00adm\u011bry v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed proto jednak kryl z\u00e1\u0161titami z lepenky, jednak m\u011b\u0159il s teplom\u011bry se za\u010dern\u011bnou n\u00e1dobkou. P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch postu\u00adpoval zp\u016fsobem dnes obvykle naz\u00fdvan\u00fdm ambulantn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, tj. ode\u010d\u00edtal teploty vzduchu a p\u016fdy od \u010dasn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na do ve\u010dera v r\u016fzn\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed podnikal ve v\u0161ech ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b zimy, kdy m\u011b\u0159il t\u00e9\u017e teplotu ve sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvce.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt, mysl\u00edm, pochyb o tom, \u017ee svou pozornost\u00ed k denn\u00ed i sez\u00f3nn\u00ed dynamice mikroklimatu i respektov\u00e1n\u00edm faktoru p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed velmi p\u0159edstihl svou dobu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V l\u00e9t\u011b 1858, v \u010dervenci a\u017e z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, dlel Purkyn\u011b na l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed v teh\u00addej\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1zn\u00edch v Chuchli u Prahy. Pobytu v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vyu\u017eil rovn\u011b\u017e k mikroklimatick\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm teploty. Prov\u00e1d\u011bl tam v \u00fadol\u00ed chuchelsk\u00e9ho potoka vylo\u017een\u00fd mikroklimatick\u00fd ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum: ur\u010dil si m\u011b\u0159i\u0161t\u011b na severn\u00ed, ji\u017en\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed exposici svah\u016f, na dn\u011b \u00fadol\u00ed, na n\u00e1horn\u00edm plat\u00f3, v lese, v k\u0159ovin\u00e1ch, v such\u00e9 i mokr\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b i ve vod\u011b potoka. P\u0159i obch\u016fzce m\u011b\u0159i\u0161\u0165 po\u00adu\u017e\u00edval jeden teplom\u011br, kter\u00fd na 15 minut instaloval na dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, ode\u010detl ho a p\u0159e\u0161el na dal\u0161\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b. Metodika &#8211; a\u017e na sch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stanici &#8211; se nijak neli\u0161\u00ed od jednoduch\u00fdch pr\u016f\u00advodn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a ter\u00e9nn\u00edch pr\u016fzkum\u016f, jak jsme je u n\u00e1s za\u010dali prov\u00e1d\u011bt ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e teprve p\u0159ed nemnoh\u00fdmi lety.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">E. Purkyn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bl tak ve skutek od roku 1857 ideu, ji\u017e jsme v \u00favodu t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce ocitovali z Vojejkova z roku 1892 (l. c.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdsledky sv\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, jak s\u00e1m p\u00ed\u0161e [22], Purkyn\u011b nikde ne\u00adpublikoval. Nam\u011b\u0159il zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v teplot\u00e1ch sledovan\u00fdch m\u00edst a kriticky usoudil, \u017ee pro soustavn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed by bylo za\u00adpot\u0159eb\u00ed mnohem v\u00edce m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<sup>2<\/sup>). Jako v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 pou\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ak napsal doslova (1. c): \u201eVid\u011bl jsem, \u017ee na omezen\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed nal\u00e9z\u00e1 se mno\u017estv\u00ed podneb\u00ed vedle sebe&#8221;. Dolo\u017eil tak to, co zat\u00edm jen p\u0159ed\u00adpokl\u00e1dal: \u017ee vedle mosaiky p\u016fdn\u00ed (geologick\u00e9) uplat\u0148uje se v \u017eivot\u011b rostlinstva t\u00e9\u017e mosaika pom\u011br\u016f ovzdu\u0161n\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 soustavn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a tak promy\u0161len\u011b mikroklimatick\u00e9 hledisko nenajdeme v on\u00e9 dob\u011b &#8211; v pades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed &#8211; u \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho z tehdej\u0161\u00edch koryfej\u016f u\u017eit\u00e9 meteorologie. A v obecn\u00e9 meteorologii teprve zkou\u0161eli, jak se dostat s m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi pry\u010d z ru\u0161\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed vrstvy, aby se do p\u0159\u00ed\u00adzem\u00ed vr\u00e1tili teprve o mnoho desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji. Mus\u00edme velmi litovat, \u017ee Purky\u0148ova mikroklimatick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed &#8211; a\u010d zpr\u00e1vy o nich byly publikov\u00e1ny v pozn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch jin\u00fdch jeho prac\u00ed &#8211; upadla naprosto v zapomenut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po odchodu z Prahy na lesnick\u00e9 u\u010dili\u0161t\u011b v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem se Emanuel Purkyn\u011b v oboru meteorologie odml\u010del a v\u0161echen sv\u016fj \u010das a z\u00e1jem v\u011bnoval pot\u0159eb\u00e1m v\u00fduky<sup>3<\/sup>). Vr\u00e1til se k meteoro\u00adlogii a\u017e v letech sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tehdy za\u010dala bezpreceden\u010dn\u00ed, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edch lesnick\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch stanic zejm\u00e9na v N\u011bmecku. Cel\u00fd odborn\u00fd sv\u011bt p\u0159ikl\u00e1dal srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm stanic\u00edm rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed \u00falohu p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vliv\u016f les\u016f na podneb\u00ed a sr\u00e1\u017eky, kdy\u017e klimatick\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy pr\u00e1v\u011b v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch a sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech XIX. stolet\u00ed o\u017eivily starou ot\u00e1zku v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho vlivu les\u016f na vodn\u00ed re\u017eim a p\u016fdu. Z Purky\u0148ova jasn\u00e9ho v\u011bdom\u00ed podstaty mikroklimatu vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 i jeho kritick\u00e9 stanovisko, kter\u00e9 v on\u00e9 dob\u011b zaujal v\u016f\u010di t\u011bmto stanic\u00edm. Purkyn\u011b naprosto spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozpoznal, v \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos srovn\u00e1vac\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v lese a v poli. Podle Purkyn\u011b [19] m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na srovn\u00e1vac\u00edch stanic\u00edch objas\u0148ovala, \u017ee les m\u00e1 na bl\u00edzko polo\u017een\u00e1 pole zna\u010dn\u00fd klimatick\u00fd vliv a ukazovala, \u017ee podneb\u00ed ve voln\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu a v les\u00edch jsou naprosto rozd\u00edln\u00e1. Ji\u017e t\u00edm podle n\u011bj u\u010dinila mnoho, i kdy\u017e ot\u00e1zku vlivu les\u016f ve smyslu obecn\u00e9ho tehdy p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed (v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku makroklimatick\u00e9m) ne\u0159e\u0161ila a \u0159e\u0161it ani nemohla. P\u0159esto Purkyn\u011b po pr\u00e1vu hodnot\u00ed tato m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jako skv\u011bl\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu tehdej\u0161\u00edch lesnicko-meteorologick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, k n\u011bmu\u017e se do\u0161lo v\u0161eobecn\u011b a\u017e o \u0159adu let pozd\u011bji, je dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fkazem Purky\u0148ov\u00fdch hlubok\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a neoby\u010dejn\u011b bystr\u00e9ho, samostatn\u00e9ho \u00fasudku. Mus\u00edme si uv\u011b\u00addomit, \u017ee v tehdej\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b (a po n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch desetilet\u00ed) byl princip srovn\u00e1vac\u00edch stanic hlavn\u00ed metodou pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu les\u016f na podneb\u00ed a \u017ee vtiskl charakteristick\u00fd rys cel\u00e9mu v\u00fdvojo\u00adv\u00e9mu obdob\u00ed lesnick\u00e9 meteorologie, jemu\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me klasick\u00e9<sup>4<\/sup>).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po such\u00fdch letech 1873\u20141874 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila se znovu i k n\u00e1m vlna rozruchu s vys\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm zem\u011b. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny toho byly spat\u0159ov\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve stavu les\u016f, jen\u017e jim podle domn\u011bnek nedovoloval pln\u011b p\u016fsobit na klima, zejm\u00e9na na sr\u00e1\u017eky. Vliv les\u016f byl t\u00e9\u017e proklamov\u00e1n v mnoha popul\u00e1rn\u00edch spisc\u00edch<sup>5<\/sup>) a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n vy\u00addatn\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm lesn\u00edky a ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody k ochran\u011b les\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A tu se op\u011bt projevila meteorologick\u00e1 erudice a samostatnost Purky\u0148ova my\u0161len\u00ed: vystoupil proti t\u011bmto domn\u011bnk\u00e1m, a to nikoliv jen ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00edch, n\u00fdbr\u017e i v popul\u00e1rn\u00edm a denn\u00edm tisku<sup>6<\/sup>). Takov\u00e9 vystoupen\u00ed m\u011blo ov\u0161em ji\u017e jen z for\u00adm\u00e1ln\u00edho hlediska \u0161irokou publicitu. Emanuel Purkyn\u011b v popu\u00adlarizaci v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatk\u016f \u0161el ve \u0161l\u00e9p\u011bj\u00edch sv\u00e9ho otce; vzpo\u00adme\u0148me, \u017ee Jan Evangelista sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu zp\u016fsobil velk\u00fd rozruch rovn\u011b\u017e popularizac\u00ed &#8211; p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kami pro \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost na p\u016fd\u011b universitn\u00ed, po\u010dinem tehdy u n\u00e1s nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Emanuel Purkyn\u011b se postavil jednozna\u010dn\u011b proti domn\u011bnk\u00e1m o sr\u00e1\u017ekotvorn\u00e9 roli les\u016f s v\u011bcn\u00fdmi a dodnes platn\u00fdmi argumenty, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt uv\u00e1d\u011bny v\u017edy znovu a znovu v dob\u011b cyklicky se dostavuj\u00edc\u00edho vzru\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti p\u0159i opakuj\u00edc\u00edch se such\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch obdob\u00edch. V odborn\u00fdch publikac\u00edch pak shro\u00adm\u00e1\u017edil s mraven\u010d\u00ed p\u00edl\u00ed mnoho dat a \u00fadaj\u016f o kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed podneb\u00ed b\u011bhem krat\u0161\u00edch i del\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed, je\u017e se dostavovalo bez ohledu na stav les\u016f (nap\u0159. [19])<sup>7<\/sup>).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u011bdeck\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a samostatn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, odli\u0161n\u00e9 od p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, mu p\u0159inesly i mnoh\u00e9 trpk\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky. Zejm\u00e9na tehdej\u0161\u00ed vedouc\u00ed lesnick\u00e9 kruhy (\u0161lechtick\u00e9, velkostatk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a jejich vedouc\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci) byly Purky\u0148ov\u00fdm vystoupen\u00edm pobou\u0159eny. V\u017edy\u0165 tu vystoupil \u010dlen v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho u\u010dili\u0161t\u011b s n\u00e1zorem podle obecn\u00e9ho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed (u lesn\u00edk\u016f stavovsky podbarven\u00e9ho) p\u0159\u00edmo kac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdm, \u201ezneva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm&#8221; obecn\u00fd v\u00fdznam les\u016f. Nadto prof. Purkyn\u011b nez\u016fstal jen u \u010dist\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9ho rozboru, n\u00fdbr\u017e nazna\u010doval, \u017ee rozruch okolo klimatick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 funkce les\u016f lze vyu\u017e\u00edt i pro jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely (ot\u00e1zka revise lesn\u00edho z\u00e1\u00adkona), \u010d\u00edm\u017e se patrn\u011b dotkl mocn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jeho \u010dl\u00e1nky se zab\u00fdval i tehdej\u0161\u00ed vrcholn\u00fd org\u00e1n lesnictva v \u010cech\u00e1ch, \u010cesk\u00e1 lesnick\u00e1 jednota, na sv\u00e9m 27. gener\u00e1ln\u00edm a plen\u00e1rn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed v srpnu roku 1875 v Chrudimi [23]. Tam byla za\u0159azena do programu jako druh\u00fd bod diskuse k ot\u00e1zce, zda ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b a rybn\u00edky jako\u017e i lesy n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b jsou schopny p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovlivnit jej\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Hned v \u00favodu diskuse referent pro tuto ot\u00e1zku funkcion\u00e1\u0159 spolku nadlesn\u00ed Schmidl nep\u0159\u00edmo kritizoval jak \u010dl\u00e1nky, tak my\u0161lenky Emanuela Purkyn\u011b. President Jednoty kn\u00ed\u017ee Karel Schwarzenberg<sup>8<\/sup>) pak v rozprav\u011b velmi ost\u0159e napadl \u201ejednoho mu\u017ee&#8221;, jen\u017e je dokonce profesorem na jejich lesnick\u00e9 \u0161kole. Vytkl t\u00e9\u017e, \u017ee sv\u00e9 pochybn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory nepova\u00ad\u017euje za vhodn\u00e9 h\u00e1jit p\u0159ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm odborn\u00edk\u016f, n\u00fdbr\u017e \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed je novinami u laik\u016f. Purky\u0148ovi, jen\u017e na zased\u00e1n\u00ed v Chrudimi nebyl<sup>9<\/sup>), z\u0159ejm\u011b nepomohlo ani v\u011bcn\u00e9, odborn\u011b i lidsky kr\u00e1sn\u011b formulovan\u00e9 zast\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159editele b\u011blsk\u00e9ho lesnick\u00e9ho u\u010dili\u0161t\u011b, v\u0161e\u00adobecn\u011b v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho lesn\u00edho rady Fiscaliho (viz [23]). Purkyn\u011b s\u00e1m se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il [22], \u017ee z\u00edskal krom p\u0159\u00edvr\u017eenc\u016f i mocn\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele a byl vylou\u010den z pr\u00e1ce lesnick\u00e9 korporace.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">S vyrovn\u00e1n\u00edm klimatick\u00e9ho v\u00fdkyvu ochladly v\u0161ak z\u0159ejm\u011b i hlavy zap\u00e1len\u00fdch lesn\u00edk\u016f &#8211; odp\u016frc\u016f kac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9ho profesora Pur\u00adkyn\u011b, tak\u017ee v roce 1878 na 30. plen\u00e1rn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty v \u010cesk\u00e9 Skalici &#8211; po p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty, lesnick\u00e9ho \u0161koln\u00edho spolku a \u0159editelstv\u00ed les\u00adnick\u00e9ho u\u010dili\u0161t\u011b v B\u011bl\u00e9 &#8211; vystupuje s p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou o pot\u0159eb\u011b s\u00edt\u011b meteorologick\u00fdch (ombrometrick\u00fdch) stanic [14]. Purkyn\u011b cht\u011bl z\u00edskat klimatografick\u00fd p\u0159ehled o rozlo\u017een\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech v kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch i dlouh\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch obdob\u00edch a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00e9\u017e z\u00e1klady pro podlo\u017eenou rajonizaci zem\u011b<sup>10<\/sup>).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ji\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00edm se v \u010cech\u00e1ch rozv\u00edjela (od roku 1872\/73) jin\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 de\u0161\u0165om\u011brn\u00fdch stanic, zakl\u00e1dan\u00fdch z podn\u011btu prof. F. J. Stud\u00adni\u010dky (v roce 1878 \u010d\u00edtala 168 stanic). Byla zam\u011b\u0159ena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 velkostatky, tak\u017ee se rozprost\u00edrala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v \u00farodn\u00fdch n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch<sup>11<\/sup>). Purkyn\u011b u dosavadn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic v \u010cech\u00e1ch postr\u00e1dal &#8211; p\u0159es jej\u00ed relativn\u00ed hustotu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi &#8211; stanice zejm\u00e9na v lesnat\u00fdch a horsk\u00fdch kraj\u00edch. Tam pak ov\u0161em lesn\u00edci mohli pomoci jako nikdo jin\u00fd.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podle ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed lesnick\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti m\u011blo tu j\u00edt zejm\u00e9na o z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu ve spletit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce vlivu les\u016f na sr\u00e1\u017eky. Pur\u00adkyn\u011b s\u00e1m byl v\u0161ak naprosto p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den o nespr\u00e1vnosti domn\u011bnek o ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1ni sr\u00e1\u017eek lesy, tak\u017ee tyto c\u00edle pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edti ani nep\u0159ikl\u00e1dal [22].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u00edm se podstatn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od prof. F. J. Studni\u010dky, jen\u017e je ku podivu i se sv\u00fdmi akcemi pov\u011bdom na\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti nesrovnateln\u011b l\u00e9pe. Prof. Studni\u010dka byl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den o zna\u010dn\u00e9m vlivu les\u016f na sr\u00e1\u017eky a sna\u017eil se ho pozd\u011bji prokazovat s pou\u017eit\u00edm dat ze s\u00edt\u011b ombrometrick\u00fdch stanic [26]. Stalo se tak metodou pochybnou v sam\u00e9 podstat\u011b.<sup>12<\/sup>)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty v \u010cesk\u00e9 Skalici vze\u0161la v\u00fdzva k lesnictvu, aby zejm\u00e9na dr\u017eitel\u00e9 les\u016f pomohli p\u0159i budov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b ombrometrick\u00fdch stanic v intenc\u00edch prof. Purkyn\u011b. Lesnick\u00e9 u\u010dili\u0161t\u011b v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem (resp. tzv. pokusn\u00e1 lesnick\u00e1 stanice na jeho p\u016fd\u011b z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1) bylo ur\u010deno jako centr\u00e1la pro shroma\u017e\u010fo\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Cel\u00e1 stani\u010dn\u00ed akce vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za sv\u016fj vznik &#8211; jak vid\u011bt &#8211; p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prof. E. Purky\u0148ovi; skute\u010dn\u00fd stav v\u011bc\u00ed proto nevystihuje kon\u00adstatov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch biograf\u016f (nap\u0159. viz [8]), \u017ee stanice byly z\u0159\u00ed\u00adzeny \u201ez podn\u011btu \u010cesk\u00e9ho spolku lesnick\u00e9ho<sup>13<\/sup>.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdzva m\u011bla ohlas na dne\u0161n\u00ed dobu t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edstaviteln\u00fd: b\u011bhem necel\u00fdch p\u011bti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od zased\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 Skalici bylo ohl\u00e1\u0161eno 250 stanic, z nich\u017e 160 ji\u017e bylo za\u0159\u00edzeno a m\u011b\u0159ilo<sup>14<\/sup>). V roce 1879 bylo ji\u017e za\u0159\u00edzeno 684 stanic [20], kter\u00e9 fungovaly a zas\u00edlaly v\u00fd\u00adkazy prof. Purky\u0148ovi do \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed v B\u011bl\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Meteorology bude jist\u011b zaj\u00edmat, \u017ee v seznamu t\u011bchto lesnick\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic je vedena nap\u0159. Sn\u011b\u017eka<sup>15<\/sup>), Mile\u0161ovka a \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch dnes p\u0159edn\u00edch stanic.<\/span><\/p><div><div id=\"ftn5\"><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Celkem 54 stanic p\u0159e\u0161lo do lesnick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b od jin\u00e9ho zakladatele (b\u00fdv. vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho meteoro\u00adlogick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho a ponejv\u00edce ze s\u00edt\u011b hydrografick\u00e9 komise).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo v \u010cech\u00e1ch celkem 861 meteorologick\u00fdch stanic r\u016fzn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed (podle [20]). M\u011bli jsme tehdy sv\u011btov\u00fd prim\u00e1t v husto\u00adt\u011b ombrometrick\u00e9 stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, na n\u011bm\u017e se stanice lesnick\u00e9 po\u00add\u00edlely nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011brou. Lesnictvo si toho bylo v\u011bdomo a cel\u00e1 akce m\u011bla v prvn\u00ed dob\u011b nad\u0161enou podporu.<sup>16<\/sup>) Jeho mluv\u010d\u00ed sami nap\u0159. na 31. plen\u00e1rn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty (1879 v Jilem\u00adnici) navrhovali roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na lesnick\u00fdch stanic\u00edch na dal\u0161\u00ed prvky, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00edtr [24], jejich\u017e v\u00fdznam E. Purkyn\u011b vc sv\u00e9m v\u00fdkladu zd\u016fraz\u0148oval.<sup>1<\/sup><sup>7<\/sup>) N\u00e1vrhy Purky\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edvr\u017eenc\u016f v\u0161ak nebyly schv\u00e1leny. Je mo\u017eno v tom spat\u0159ovat zaujet\u00ed n\u011bkte\u00adr\u00fdch \u010dinovn\u00edk\u016f Jednoty (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm presidenta), nicm\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fvody zam\u00edtnut\u00ed jsou rozumn\u00e9; uv\u00e1d\u011blo se, \u017ee by nov\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u00admenala nejen podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f, ale vzrostly by i nesn\u00e1ze se zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm a publikac\u00ed mate\u00adri\u00e1lu (co\u017e v\u0161e obstar\u00e1val s vyp\u011bt\u00edm sil dr. Purkyn\u011b nav\u00edc ke sv\u00fdm \u0161koln\u00edm \u00favazk\u016fm).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na gener\u00e1ln\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed lesnick\u00e9ho \u0161koln\u00edho spolku, jen\u017e spra\u00advoval, jak jsme \u0159ekli, lesnickou \u0161kolu v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem i pokusnou stanici a pod\u00edlel se z po\u010d\u00e1tku i na financov\u00e1n\u00ed stani\u010dn\u00ed akce, bylo konstatov\u00e1no v b\u0159eznu 1880 [3], \u017ee se z\u0159\u00eddilo ji\u017e 760 lesnick\u00fdch ombrometrick\u00fdch stanic. Je to s nepatrn\u00fdmi v\u00fdkyvy patrn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00fd po\u010det; z tohoto po\u010dtu pravideln\u011b pra\u00adcovalo asi okolo 600 stanic.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdsledky s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek byly profesorem Purkyn\u011bm zpracov\u00e1ny a postupn\u011b publikov\u00e1ny in extenso u pra\u017esk\u00e9ho nakladatele Calveho [21].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Akce lesnick\u00fdch ombrometrick\u00fdch stanic byla skute\u010dn\u011b vel\u00adkorys\u00e1 a vzbudila pochopiteln\u011b pozornost i v meteorologick\u00fdch kruz\u00edch v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Publikace m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se stala prost\u0159edkem k na\u00adv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed styk\u016f lesnick\u00e9ho u\u010dili\u0161t\u011b v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem s meteoro\u00adlogick\u00fdmi institucemi cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom t\u00e9\u017e pravideln\u011b ve spolkov\u00e9m \u010dasopisu ohla\u0161ovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky b\u011blsk\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed knihov\u00adny, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echna dnes klasick\u00e1 d\u00edla a jm\u00e9na meteorologick\u00e9 v\u011bdy on\u011bch dob.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Veden\u00ed tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b stanic vy\u017eadovalo nadlidskou pr\u00e1ci jedin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka &#8211; prof. Purkyn\u011b &#8211; jen\u017e s\u00ed\u0165 \u0159\u00eddil a data zpracov\u00e1\u00adval. V\u00e9st tak rozs\u00e1hlou s\u00ed\u0165 bylo nad jeho s\u00edly jednotlivce, t\u0159eba geni\u00e1ln\u00edho<sup>1<\/sup><sup>8<\/sup>); uva\u017eme tehdej\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a nav\u00edc fakt, \u017ee prof. Purkyn\u011b musil v\u0161e vykon\u00e1vat ve sv\u00e9m voln\u00e9m \u010dase, po spln\u011bn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s v\u00fdukou mnoha p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a opatrov\u00e1n\u00edm rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch \u00fastavn\u00edch sb\u00edrek (viz Koke\u0161 [7]). Ch\u00e1peme pak dopis, v n\u011bm\u017e Purkyn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee stanic\u00edm ob\u011btoval v\u0161echno (viz Koke\u0161 1. c). Za mnoh\u00fdmi t\u011b\u017ekostmi E. Purkyn\u011b tu\u0161\u00edme spole\u010densk\u00e9 pozad\u00ed, nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed \u0161lechtick\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictva \u0161koln\u00edho spolku, jeho chlebod\u00e1rc\u016f. Kdy\u017e tedy k pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei p\u0159ipo\u010dteme i osob\u00adn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekosti a zklam\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edch snah (viz [7]), vid\u00edme ji\u017e bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 zakon\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Publikace m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ombrometrick\u00fdch lesnick\u00fdch stanic si vy\u00ad\u017eadovala pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky a n\u00e1klady na vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byly proto neust\u00e1le t\u00e9matem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed na zased\u00e1n\u00edch p\u0159edsednictev \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty i lesnick\u00e9ho \u0161koln\u00edho spolku. Ani po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00ed \u010dlenstva Jednoty nedovedlo bohu\u017eel natrvalo zajistit celou akci<sup>1<\/sup><sup>9<\/sup>). Kdy\u017e pak \u0161koln\u00ed spolek roku 1881 od\u0159ekl finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu, jednalo se o ciz\u00ed subvence i o p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b hydrografick\u00e9 komisi p\u0159i Zemsk\u00e9m v\u00fdboru (tj. prof. Studni\u010dkovi).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cesk\u00e1 lesnick\u00e1 jednota nenechala je\u0161t\u011b s\u00ed\u0165 stanic padnout, aspo\u0148 za \u017eivota prof. Purkyn\u011b. Pot\u00ed\u017ee se v\u0161ak zmnohon\u00e1sobily p\u0159i zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 situace spolku v dal\u0161\u00edch letech. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to dob\u011b dr. Emanuel Purkyn\u011b n\u00e1hle um\u00edr\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po ur\u010dit\u00e9m p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed v roce Purky\u0148ovy smrti pokra\u010doval ve zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch dat ze stani\u010dn\u00ed lesnick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b jeden z n\u00e1\u00adstupc\u016f Purky\u0148ov\u00fdch na lesnick\u00e9m u\u010dili\u0161ti v B\u011bl\u00e9, profesor Adalbert Pe\u0159ina. Vzhledem k finan\u010dn\u00edm nesn\u00e1z\u00edm \u010cesk\u00e9 les\u00adnick\u00e9 jednoty nebyly v\u0161ak v\u00fdsledky ji\u017e uve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny samostatn\u011b a v pln\u00e9m rozsahu, n\u00fdbr\u017e v p\u0159\u00edloze spolkov\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu [12]. Rokem 1884 pak kon\u010d\u00ed publikace v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u016fbec. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1vrhu p\u0159edsednictva Jednoty (viz [31]) bylo pak \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed v B\u011bl\u00e9 pod Bezd\u011bzem zru\u0161eno a vlastn\u00edci stanic vyzv\u00e1ni k zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsled\u00adk\u016f sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrografick\u00e9 komisi (v roce 1885); tady pak ov\u0161em ji\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 kapitola historie.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prom\u00edtneme-li si ke konci znovu v mysli celou \u010dinnost Ema\u00adnuela Purkyn\u011b v oboru meteorologie, pozn\u00e1me zajist\u00e9, \u017ee jsme jeho pam\u00e1tce mnoho dlu\u017eni. V\u017edy\u0165 o n\u011bm ml\u010d\u00ed nejen \u00favodn\u00ed p\u0159ehledy o v\u00fdvoji na\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdy v u\u010debnic\u00edch meteorologie, nev\u011bd\u00ed n\u011bm dokonce ani rukov\u011bti meteorologie u\u017eit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Traduje se ve spor\u00fdch, E. Purky\u0148ovi v\u011bnovan\u00fdch biografick\u00fdch n\u00e1stinech nov\u00e9 doby v\u00fdtka, \u017ee m\u00e1lo publikoval a nev\u011bnoval se jedin\u00e9mu t\u00e9matu, je\u017e by propracoval do hloubky; odtud se od\u00advozuje fakt, \u017ee z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 skoro nezn\u00e1m\u00fd (viz k tomu [7] a [8]). N\u011bkter\u00e9 tyto n\u00e1mitky uv\u00e1d\u00ed na pravou m\u00edru Koke\u0161 [7].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Emanuel Purkyn\u011b byl, pravda, duch neoby\u010dejn\u011b v\u0161estrann\u00fd. I kdy\u017e mu v\u0161ak osud nedop\u0159\u00e1l mo\u017enosti odej\u00edt z venkovsk\u00e9ho m\u011bste\u010dka a specializovat se na n\u011bkter\u00e9 vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 stolici i vydat obs\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u00edlo, projevil ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch tolik hlubok\u00fdch znalost\u00ed syntetizuj\u00edc\u00edch n\u011bkolik discipl\u00edn, tolik geni\u00e1ln\u00edho post\u0159ehu a dobu p\u0159edstihuj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f (op\u0159en\u00fdch o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed), \u017ee jak\u00e9koliv srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jeho sou\u010dasn\u00edky vyzn\u00edv\u00e1 jednozna\u010dn\u011b nikoliv v jeho neprosp\u011bch. Soud\u00edm, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed neznalost jeho jm\u00e9na i d\u00edla pramen\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e z d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho pozad\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed kolem osoby profesora dr. E. Purkyn\u011b; odha\u00adlovat je p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed historik\u016fm. Na\u0161\u00ed povinnost\u00ed je zhodnotit Purky\u0148ovo d\u00edlo.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Mus\u00edme objektivn\u011b konstatovat, \u017ee Emanuel Purkyn\u011b p\u0159edsta\u00advuje v historick\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji na\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdy \u010delnou osobnost meteorologie obecn\u00e9 i u\u017eit\u00e9 a v aplikovan\u00e9 nauce se tento zakladatel na\u0161\u00ed lesnick\u00e9 meteorologie stav\u00ed po bok pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016fm a klasik\u016fm t\u00e9to discipl\u00edny v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku sv\u011btov\u00e9m.<\/em><\/span><\/p><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Literatura<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] Augustin F.: O klimatick\u00fdch pom\u011brech v Praze. \u010casopis Musea kr\u00e1l. \u010cesk\u00e9ho, 56, 1882.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] Augustin F.: O pot\u0159eb\u011b zorganisovati meteorologick\u00e1 pozo\u00adrov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch. Praha 1885.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[3] Bericht uber die General-Versammlung des h. Forstschul-vereines f\u00fcr Bohmen, welche im gr\u00e1flich Waldsteh\u0165schen Palais in Prag am 29. M\u00e1rz 1880 getagt hat. Vereinsschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Naturkunde, 1880, H. 110.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[4] Domin K.: Rostlinogeografick\u00e9 rozt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 kv\u011bteny podle prof. Em. Purkyn\u011b. \u010casopis Musea kr\u00e1l. \u010cesk\u00e9ho, 88, 1914.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[5] Domin K.: N\u00e1zor Emanuela Purkyn\u011b na vliv exposice. V\u011bda p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed, 20, 1940\/41.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[6] Geiger R.: Das Klima der bodennahen Luftschicht. Braunschweig 1961 (IV. Aufl.), p. 4.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[7] Koke\u0161 O.: Dr. Emanuel Purkyn\u011b. \u017diva, 10, 1962, \u010d. 6.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[8] Ko\u0159\u00ednkov\u00e1 M.: P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed Emanuela Purkyn\u011b. In: Jan Evangelista Purkyn\u011b, N\u011bmec B., Matou\u0161ek O. (ed.), Praha 1955.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[9] Kraus G.: Boden und Klima auf kl instem Raum. Jena 1911.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[10] Kre\u010dmer V.: Lesnick\u00e1 meteorologie a klimatologie. I. ce\u00adlost\u00e1tn\u00ed bioklimatologick\u00e1 konference 1955. Sborn\u00edk doku\u00adment\u016f, Praha 1956, p. 50.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[11] Listinn\u00fd materi\u00e1l v archivu N\u00e1rodn\u00edho musea v Praze.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[12] Ombrometrische Beobachtungen in den Monaten &#8230; in den vom b\u00f3hmischen Forstvereine errichteten Stationen. Ver-einschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Naturkunde, 1882; 1883.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[13] Ott\u016fv slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd; heslo Purkyn\u011b E. Praha 1903.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[14] XXX. Plenar-Versammlung des b\u00f3hmischen Forstvereines in B\u00f3hmisch-Skalitz am 7. August 1878. Vereinsschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Naturkunde, 1879, H. 105.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[15] Purkyn\u011b E.: Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enost \u010desk\u00fdch sosnovit\u00fdch rostlin v ev\u00adropsk\u00e9m Rusku. \u017diva, 7, 1859.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[16] Purkyn\u011b E.: O \u00fa\u010delu t\u011bchto tabulek (ku pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podneb\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b z \u010dasu kv\u011btu obil\u00ed a \u017en\u00ed). Praha 1859.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[17] Purkyn\u011b E.: Die Verbreitung der bohmischen Forstge-w\u00e1chse im europeischen Russland. Vereinsschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Naturkunde, 1859, H. 20; pp. 77-78.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[18] Purkyn\u011b E.: \u0160umava a jej\u00ed rostlinstvo. \u017diva, 7, 1859.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[19] Purkyn\u011b E.: Nochmals die Wald- und Wasserfrage. Oesterr. Monatsschrift f. Forstwesen, 27, 1877.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[20] Purkyn\u011b E.: Das ombrometrische Netz Bohmens welches der bohmische Forstverein mit R\u016fcksicht auf die Erfor-schung des Waldklimas errichtet hat, im ersten Jahre seines Bestehens 1879. Vereinsschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Natur\u00adkunde, 1879; Beilage z. 3. H.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[21] Purkyn\u011b E.: Ombrometrische Beobachtungen der vom b\u00f3hm. Forstvereine in den Forsten Bohmens in verschiede-nen SeehShen und Expositionen errichteten Stationen. Herausgegeben von der Forstlehranstalt Weisswasser. Prag 1879; 1880; 1881.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[22] Purkyn\u011b E.: Das ombrometrische Netz des b\u016fhmischen Forstvereins von 700 Stationen in Forsterh\u00e1usern aller Meereshohen. Forstliche Bl\u00e1tter, 17, 1880.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[23] Stenographisches Protokoll der XXVII. General-Ver\u00adsammlung des b\u00f3hmischen Forstvereines in Chrudim am 3. August 1875. Vereinsschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Natur\u00adkunde, 1875, H. 92.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[24] Stenographisches Protokoll der XXXI. Plenar-Versammlung des bohm. Forstvereines in Starkenbach am 7. August 1879. Vereinsschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Naturkunde, 1880, H. 109.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[25] Studni\u010dka F. J.: D\u011bjiny de\u0161\u0165opisu v \u010cech\u00e1ch. \u010casopis Musea kr\u00e1l. \u010cesk\u00e9ho, 55, 1881.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[26] Studni\u010dka F. J.: Z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 de\u0161\u0165opisu kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9ho. Praha 1887.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[27] Swoboda E.: In welcher Weise w\u00e1re das forstliche Versuchs-wesen mit besonderer R\u016fcksichtnahme auf die forst-wirthschaftlichen Verh\u00e1ltnisse und Bedurfnisse von B\u00f3hmen zu organisieren? Vereinsschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Natur\u00adkunde, 1881, H. 115.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[28] \u0160\u010derban M. I.: Ob osnovopolo\u017enikach mikroklimatologii. Meteorologija i gidrologija, 1962, No. 7.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[29] Vojejkov A. I.: Pojezdka po Rossii v 1892 g. Meteorologi\u010deskij vestnik, 1892, No. 11.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[30] WiehlJ.: f Dr. Emanuel Ritter von Purkyn\u011b. Vereinsschrift f. Forst-, Jagd- u. Naturkunde, 1882, H. 118.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[31] Zpr\u00e1va o \u010dinnosti \u010cesk\u00e9 jednoty lesnick\u00e9 v spolkov\u00e9m roce 1883 \u2014 1884.\u00a0 Spolkov\u00fd \u010dasopis pro lesnictv\u00ed, myslivost a p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdu, 1884\/85, se\u0161. 129.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Obr. Emanuel Purkyn\u011b (1831\u20131882)<\/em><\/span><\/p><div><hr \/><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>1<\/sup>) Purkyn\u011b t\u011bchto term\u00edn\u016f v\u00fdslovn\u011b u\u017e\u00edval (stanovi\u0161tn\u00ed, expozi\u010dn\u00ed i m\u00edstn\u00ed klima), viz [19].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>2<\/sup>) Z n\u011bkter\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mek v jin\u00fdch pracech Purky\u0148ov\u00fdch lze soudit, \u017ee v m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch ob\u010das je\u0161t\u011b pokra\u010doval (nap\u0159. v \u010dervenci 1859). N\u011bkter\u00e1 data ze sv\u00fdch mikroklimatick\u00fdch studi\u00ed v ter\u00e9nu tak\u00e9 p\u0159ece jen uv\u00e1d\u00ed (nap\u0159. v pr\u00e1ci [17]).<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>3<\/sup>) Z nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch zp\u0159\u00e1v o \u010dinnosti \u0161koly lze odvodit, \u017ee neobsluhoval ani meteorologickou stanici v B\u011bl\u00e9, co\u017e spadalo do kompetence profesora matematiky. Ani p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b korunn\u00edho prince Rudolfa, jeho\u017e po \u0161kole prov\u00e1d\u011bl, nezmi\u0148oval se bl\u00ed\u017ee o meteorologii.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>4<\/sup>) Metodick\u00e9 nedostatky v principu srovn\u00e1vac\u00edch stanic si jako dal\u0161\u00ed uv\u011bdomil a\u017e Ney (Uber den Einfluss des Waldes auf das Klima, Deutsche Zeit- u. Streitfragen, 5, 1886; viz k tomu Kre\u010dmer V.: Klimatick\u00e1 funkce les\u016f<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>5<\/sup>) Z dobr\u00fdch nap\u0159. Kampel\u00edk F. C.: Jak si pom\u016f\u017eeme k de\u0161\u0165\u016fm, hojn\u00e9 rose, cht\u00edce sob\u011b \u00farodu zemskou zv\u011bt\u0161iti a jak bycho se proti p\u0159\u00edval\u016fm a povodni chr\u00e1niti mohli. Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 1865.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>6<\/sup>) V pra\u017esk\u00e9 Politik uve\u0159ejnil s\u00e9rii \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f \u201eW\u00e1lder und Regen&#8221; od konce prosince 1874 do dubna 1875, d\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky v Prager landwirt. Wochenblatt.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>7<\/sup>) K tomuto n\u00e1zoru se E. Purkyn\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b dopracoval \u010dasem. V roce 1859 byl je\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee \u201emnohosti de\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1visej\u00ed, jak zn\u00e1mo, krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161ky krajiny, od hust\u011bj\u0161\u00ed neb \u0159id\u0161\u00ed lesnatosti&#8221; (viz [18], str. 23).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>8<\/sup>) Nelibosti, ji\u017e prof. Purkyn\u011b vzbudil proti sob\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u \u0161lechtick\u00fdch majitel\u016f les\u016f, se ji\u017e patrn\u011b nezbavil; naopak se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se stup\u0148ovala a\u017e k n\u00e1hl\u00e9mu konci jeho \u017eivota [7], v\u017edy\u0165 p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 t\u011bchto kruh\u016f tvo\u0159ili rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u0161koln\u00edho spol\u00adku, spravuj\u00edc\u00edho Purky\u0148ovo p\u016fsobi\u0161t\u011b. Prav\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny nelibosti bude zapot\u0159eb\u00ed teprve odhalit.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>9<\/sup>) E. Purkyn\u011b pova\u017eoval v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 \u00favahy a debaty o vlivu les\u016f na klima a vyvracen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou naivin\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f o tom za m\u00e1lo u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. L\u00e9pe by podle n\u011bj bylo rozeb\u00edrat spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v les\u00edch na z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm z\u00edskan\u00fdch poznatk\u016f nap\u0159. o teplot\u011b vzduchu a p\u016fdy v porostech (viz [19]). Jeho nep\u0159\u00edtomnost vChrudimi byla ov\u0161em omluvena slu\u017eebn\u00edm zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00edm na \u0161kole v B\u011bl\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>10<\/sup>) Ji\u017e d\u0159iv\u00e9 k rajonizaci u\u010dinil prvni n\u00e1b\u011bh pomoc\u00ed fenologie (dotazn\u00edkov\u00e1 akce o dob\u011b kv\u011btu a zr\u00e1n\u00ed obil\u00ed, pro ni\u017e sestavil \u201eP\u0159e\u00adhledn\u00e9 tabulky pro zapisov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu ro\u010dn\u00edho kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed teploty a jej\u00edho vlivu na v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze rostlin v poln\u00edch kultur\u00e1ch, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na dobu kv\u011btu a zr\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; (cit. podle [8]). Jsou charakterizov\u00e1ny jako \u201etabulky slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k tomu, aby se z \u010dasu kv\u011btu obil\u00ed a \u010dasu \u017en\u00ed v jist\u00e9 krajin\u011b podneb\u00ed t\u00e9to krajiny a z takov\u00fdch ud\u00e1n\u00ed z rozli\u010d\u00adn\u00fdch krajin podneb\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011b na v\u0161ech m\u00edstech poznalo&#8221; [16]. V oboru fenologie se Purkyn\u011b ji\u017e mohl op\u0159\u00edt o fundovan\u00e9 a hojn\u00e9 fenologick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce K. Fritsche (o n\u011bm viz Seydl O.: \u010cesk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce fenologick\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed doby. Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, 7, 1954). O osudu fenologick\u00e9 akce Purky\u0148ovy nen\u00ed nic bli\u017e\u0161\u00edho zn\u00e1mo.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>11<\/sup>) Kdy\u017e v roce 1875 zemsk\u00e9 zastupitelstvo p\u0159i v\u0161eobecn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu o ot\u00e1zky vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu z\u0159\u00eddilo (za iniciativy pr\u00e1v\u011b velkost\u00e1tk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch kruh\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch) hydrologickou komisi, prof. studni\u010dka stanul v \u010dele odboru meteorologick\u00e9ho, p\u0159evedl tam i sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00e9 stanice na jeho popud zalo\u017een\u00e9 a d\u00e1le v zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pokra\u010doval (viz [25])<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>12<\/sup>) Viz o tom Kre\u010dmer V.: Vliv les\u016f na sr\u00e1\u017eky. Meteorolo\u00adgick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, 5, 1952, \u010d. 4 \u20145.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>13<\/sup>) Zdrojem jsou tu snad n\u011bkter\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 prameny. Tak nap\u0159. v roce smrti skute\u010dn\u00e9ho zakladatele lesnick\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165om\u011brn\u00fdch stanic, prof. E. Purkyn\u011b, p\u00ed\u0161e o obou hlavn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch v \u010cech\u00e1ch F. Augustin [1]: \u201eHlavn\u00edm p\u0159i\u010din\u011bn\u00edm p. prof. dra. F. Studni\u010dky z\u0159\u00edzena jest od r. 1873 za n\u011bkolik let komis\u00ed hydrografickou v \u010cech\u00e1ch hust\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 de\u0161\u0165om\u011brn\u00fdch stanic, k n\u00ed\u017e se r. 1879 p\u0159ipo\u00adjila s\u00ed\u0165 nov\u00e1, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 stanic lesnick\u00fdch, zalo\u017een\u00e1 \u010des\u00adk\u00fdm lesnick\u00fdm spolkem &#8230;&#8221; Teprve v dal\u0161\u00edm spise [2] Augustin uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee stanice z\u0159\u00eddil spolek \u201ena radu dra E. Purkyn\u011b&#8221; (1. c, str. 11).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>14<\/sup>) Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ombrometrick\u00fdch stanic bylo opat\u0159ov\u00e1no na vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1klady dr\u017eitel\u016f a provozovatel\u016f. Podle \u00fadaje Augustinova ([2], str. 11) bylo vyd\u00e1no za de\u0161\u0165om\u011bry asi 7000 zlat\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>15<\/sup>) Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm stanice IX. t\u0159. berl\u00ednsk\u00fdm meteorolo\u00adgick\u00fdm \u00fastavem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>1<\/sup><sup>6<\/sup>) K dokreslen\u00ed situace je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st, \u017ee lesnick\u00e1 meteorologie byla tehdy nejen ve sv\u011bt\u011b, ale i u n\u00e1s v\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm oborem d\u00edk popu\u00adlarit\u011b ot\u00e1zky vlivu les\u016f na klima. Nap\u0159. 33. gener\u00e1ln\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 lesnick\u00e9 jednoty (1881 v Rakovn\u00edku) jednalo o n\u00e1vrz\u00edch na organizaci st\u00e1tn\u00edho lesnick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed zpravodaj pro toto t\u00e9ma E. Swoboda [27] d\u00e1v\u00e1 v n\u00e1vrhu organiza\u010dn\u00edho sch\u00e9matu lesnick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu lesnick\u00e9 meteorologii zcela sa\u00admostatn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed (v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 instituce m\u011bla m\u00edt 3 odd\u011blen\u00ed: lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 a meteorologick\u00e9). Lesnic\u00adkou meteorologii hodnot\u00ed z hlediska v\u00fdznamu celost\u00e1tn\u00edho (vliv les\u016f na celou zemi, t\u00e9\u017e z hlediska formulac\u00ed lesn\u00edho z\u00e1kona) i pro jej\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost v ochran\u011b a p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed uzn\u00e1vali t\u00e9\u017e meteorologov\u00e9 (viz nap\u0159. Augustin [2]).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>1<\/sup><sup>7<\/sup>) V t\u00e9to dob\u011b z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu v\u0161ech stanic v \u010cech\u00e1ch jen 27 stanic pozorovalo krom sr\u00e1\u017eek i ostatn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 prvky (stanice v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu, viz [1] a [2]).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>l<\/sup><sup>8<\/sup>) Studni\u010dka p\u00ed\u0161e [25]: \u201e . . . Purkyn\u011b s\u00e1m ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b stati\u00ads\u00edce ombrometrick\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslic do sv\u011bta met\u00e1 .. .&#8221;.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><sup>19<\/sup>) V roce 1881 z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu 1908 \u010dlen\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9 jednoty lesnick\u00e9 odeb\u00edralo publikovan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159eni sr\u00e1\u017eek m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 100 osob.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>V. Kre\u010dmer, MZ 1963\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 16, str. 8-13<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emanuel Purkyn\u011b 1831\u20131882 HODNOCEN\u00cd D\u00cdLA Dr. EMANUELA PURKYN\u011a (1831\u20131882) A UCT\u011aN\u00cd JEHO PAM\u00c1TKY 23. 5. 1982 uplynulo sto let od n\u00e1hl\u00e9, ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 smrti \u010desk\u00e9ho v\u011bdce, profesora lesnick\u00e9 \u0161koly v B\u011bl\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1447","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1447"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15667,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1447\/revisions\/15667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}