{"id":14254,"date":"2025-01-31T17:39:10","date_gmt":"2025-01-31T16:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=14254"},"modified":"2025-01-31T17:43:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T16:43:32","slug":"mcxviii-900-let-od-prvni-zname-povodne-na-vltave","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/mcxviii-900-let-od-prvni-zname-povodne-na-vltave\/","title":{"rendered":"MCXVIII \u2013 900 let od prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 povodn\u011b na Vltav\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"14254\" class=\"elementor elementor-14254\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f022b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f022b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e324eb1\" data-id=\"e324eb1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50a186c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50a186c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Povode\u0148 na Vltav\u011b z roku 1118 je nejstar\u0161\u00ed spolehliv\u011b dolo\u017een\u00e1 povode\u0148 na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed. Zm\u00ednku o n\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed Kosmas v \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9 \u010dtvrt\u00e9 kapitole sv\u00e9 Kroniky \u010desk\u00e9 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm latinsk\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Anno dominice incarnationis MCXVIII. Mense Septembri tanta fuit inundatio aquarum [note], quantam non reor fuisse post diluvium in orbe terrarum. Nam noster iste fluvius Wlitaua repente preceps erumpens de alveo, ah quot villas, quot in hoc suburbio domus, casas et ecclesias suo impetu rapuit! Aliis namque temporibus tametsi hoc raro evenit, ut unda alluens vix tabulata pontis tangeret, hec autem inundatio altius quam X ulnis super pontem excrevit.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V modern\u00edm p\u0159ekladu tedy z\u00e1znam zn\u00ed:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u201eV m\u011bs\u00edci z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed byla takov\u00e1 povode\u0148, jak\u00e9 tu\u0161\u00edm nebylo od potopy sv\u011bta na zemi. Nebo\u0165 na\u0161e \u0159eka Vltava, n\u00e1hle prudce vyraziv\u0161\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b, ach kolik vs\u00ed, kolik v tomto podhrad\u00ed dom\u016f, chalup a kostel\u016f sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edvalem pobrala! Nebo\u0165 jindy, a\u010d se to m\u00e1lokdy st\u00e1v\u00e1, povrch vody sotva dosahoval podlahy mostu, za t\u00e9to povodn\u011b vystoupila voda p\u0159es deset lokt\u016f nad most.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-81a9682 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"81a9682\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71092f5\" data-id=\"71092f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5483f01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5483f01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"178\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/900-let-od-povodne.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-14256\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e92f478\" data-id=\"e92f478\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b667138 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b667138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Uveden\u00fd text je v podstat\u011b jedin\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o t\u00e9to povodni, zato je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm nesm\u00edrn\u011b cenn\u00fdm. Kosmas byl toti\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b o\u010dit\u00fdm sv\u011bdkem povodn\u011b (zem\u0159el v roce 1125) a poskytuje prvn\u00ed kvantitativn\u00ed z\u00e1znam, by\u0165 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u00e1lo spolehliv\u00fd (viz d\u00e1le) o parametrech povodn\u011b vzta\u017een\u00fd k \u00farovni mostu. Dal\u0161\u00ed informace o v\u00fdskytu povodn\u011b v l\u00e9t\u011b 1118 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z n\u011bkolika kronik vznikl\u00fdch v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm prostoru st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy, omezuj\u00ed se v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161inou jen na konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee povode\u0148 byla (nap\u0159. kronik\u00e1\u0159 Saxo p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201e\u2026maximo inundatio aquarum in omni Europa fuit\u2026\u201c, tedy \u201evelik\u00e1 povode\u0148 byla po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b\u2026\u201c)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ffd25be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ffd25be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-87c9c6e\" data-id=\"87c9c6e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82f24c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82f24c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">a je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee vych\u00e1zej\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z Kosmova z\u00e1znamu, kter\u00fd mlad\u0161\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159i zkr\u00e1cen\u011b p\u0159evzali. Pon\u011bkud diskutabiln\u00ed je rovn\u011b\u017e relikt povod\u0148ov\u00e9 zna\u010dky na D\u011b\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 sk\u00e1le, jeho\u017e v\u011brohodnosti se budeme kr\u00e1tce v\u011bnovat d\u00e1le.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Pozn\u00e1mky k dataci povodn\u011b 1118<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kosmas p\u00ed\u0161e o povodni v \u201eSeptembri\u201c tedy v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. To by znamenalo, \u017ee se povode\u0148 vyskytla mezi 8. 9.\u20137. 10. v dne\u0161n\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159i (po p\u0159echodu na gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 1)). Z hydrologick\u00e9ho hlediska se jedn\u00e1 o pom\u011brn\u011b pozdn\u00ed obdob\u00ed pro v\u00fdskyt extr\u00e9mn\u00ed povodn\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 stolet\u00e1 povode\u0148 v roce 1890 kulminovala 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a v\u00a0roce 1899 typov\u011b stejn\u00e1 povode\u0148 na sousedn\u00edm Dunaji kulminovala v Pasov\u011b dokonce a\u017e 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. V tomto kontextu je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit, \u017ee u Kosmy chyb\u00ed zm\u00ednky o hladomoru, \u010di nouzi v d\u016fsledku povodn\u011b, co\u017e by podporovalo dataci jej\u00edho v\u00fdskytu do pozdn\u00edho l\u00e9ta \u2013 tedy na dobu po sklizni.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00edme v\u0161ak, \u017ee Kosmas nebyl v datov\u00e1n\u00ed nijak d\u016fsledn\u00fd a z\u00e1znam o povodni u\u010dinil a\u017e s odstupem n\u011bkolika let p\u0159i psan\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed knihy sv\u00e9 kroniky, nelze proto vylou\u010dit nep\u0159esnost i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee v p\u0159ekladu V. V. Tomka z roku 1874 2) se bez vysv\u011btlen\u00ed objevuje jako m\u011bs\u00edc v\u00fdskytu povodn\u011b srpen, a to p\u0159esto, \u017ee ob\u011b jazykov\u00e9 verze textu, latinsk\u00e1 a \u010desk\u00e1, jsou vyti\u0161t\u011bny soub\u011b\u017en\u011b na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b. Je ot\u00e1zkou, zda \u0161lo o z\u00e1m\u011br \u010di chybu. Nav\u00edc rozd\u00edl v dataci nalezneme i pro n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1znam o v\u00fdskytu torn\u00e1da v roce 1119. Kosmas ud\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u0159edu 3. srpna, co\u017e v\u0161ak byla ve skute\u010dnosti ned\u011ble. Tomek opravuje \u00fadaj na 30. \u010dervence, tedy p\u0159edchoz\u00ed st\u0159edu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159esn\u00e1 datace tedy nen\u00ed stoprocentn\u011b jist\u00e1, ale je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se jednalo o povode\u0148 v pozdn\u00edm l\u00e9t\u011b, nejsp\u00ed\u0161e na za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Pozn\u00e1mky k velikosti povodn\u011b<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kosmas uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ku povodn\u011b, kter\u00e1 vystoupila \u201e10 lokt\u016f p\u0159es most\u201c. Na prvn\u00ed pohled velmi exaktn\u00ed \u00fadaj v\u0161ak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek. Br\u00e1zdil a kol. (2005) uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b Kosmy odhad v\u00fd\u0161ky hladiny Vltavy za povodn\u011b na cca 8\u20139 m nad norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed hladiny (10 lokt\u016f odpov\u00edd\u00e1 593 cm a v\u00fd\u0161ka mostu nad hladinou je odhadnuta na dva a\u017e t\u0159i m), a d\u00e1le p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee Kosmas p\u0159i odhadu jen vizu\u00e1ln\u011b prom\u00edtl \u00farove\u0148 hladiny z n\u011bkter\u00e9 z bl\u00edzk\u00fdch budov nad most.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tento odhad je v\u0161ak problematick\u00fd z cel\u00e9 \u0159ady d\u016fvod\u016f. Prvn\u00edm je ot\u00e1zka, kde byl most situov\u00e1n a zda v\u016fbec vedl p\u0159es celou Vltavu, nebo t\u0159eba jen p\u0159es malostransk\u00e9 bo\u010dn\u00ed rameno jako n\u00e1stup k pra\u017esk\u00e9mu brodu. Vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho mostu zcela jist\u011b bylo v tehdej\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch mo\u017enostech, av\u0161ak chyb\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o jeho existenci.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pon\u011bkud zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed je toti\u017e fakt, \u017ee Kosmas neuv\u00e1d\u00ed zni\u010den\u00ed mostu, kter\u00e9 by v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by vedl p\u0159es Vltavu, bylo ud\u00e1lost\u00ed velmi podstatnou a p\u0159i p\u0159elit\u00ed v podstav\u011b nevyhnutelnou.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed otev\u0159enou ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, k \u010demu p\u0159esn\u011b vztahoval a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem Kosmas myslel v\u00fd\u0161ku 10 lokt\u016f nad mostem. P\u0159edn\u011b, pokud by most vedl p\u0159es Vltavu, byla by jeho v\u00fd\u0161ka okolo dvou metr\u016f nad hladinou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b velmi vhodn\u00fdm kompromisem mezi konstruk\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnost\u00ed (vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed most je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed) a odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di men\u0161\u00edm, \u010dast\u011bji se opakuj\u00edc\u00edm povodn\u00edm; v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b byla v\u00fd\u0161ka dvou metr\u016f nad norm\u00e1lem Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9ho jezu \u00farovn\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e za\u010d\u00ednalo zaplavov\u00e1n\u00ed pravob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stavby p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na \u00farovni mezi Q5 a\u017e Q10. Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu se Kosm\u016fv \u00fadaj zd\u00e1 jednozna\u010dn\u00fd, nebo\u0165 velikost povodn\u011b ud\u00e1v\u00e1me ve v\u00fd\u0161ce dosa\u017een\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho stavu. Je v\u0161ak nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by Kosmas odhadoval v\u00fd\u0161ku nad mostem, kter\u00fd musel b\u00fdt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd zni\u010den, v\u00a0jeho trase nad \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011bm. Lze se sp\u00ed\u0161e domn\u00edvat, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161ku vzt\u00e1hl k n\u011bjak\u00e9 dochovan\u00e9 \u201ezna\u010dce\u201c hladiny ve vztahu k malostransk\u00e9mu konci mostu, kde je v dan\u00e9 dob\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed existence hradeb a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch budov pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch pro takov\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Hypoteticky lze spekulovat, \u017ee \u00fadaj nemusel nutn\u011b vyjad\u0159ovat vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost, ale mohl b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad ur\u010den\u00edm, jak daleko voda dos\u00e1hla na n\u00e1jezdovou rampu od okraje mostu, nebo na jinou \u0161ikmou konstrukci u okraje mostu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nakonec uve\u010fme, \u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd profil koryta Vltavy byl jist\u011b jin\u00fd ne\u017e dnes. Jednalo se o dobu p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavbou jez\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm dna sedimentac\u00ed \u0161t\u011brku o v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i metry (Hrdli\u010dka 2001), na starom\u011bstsk\u00e9 stran\u011b v t\u00e9 dob\u011b tvo\u0159ila b\u0159eh p\u0159irozen\u00e1 hrana nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pleistoc\u00e9nn\u00ed terasy VIIa-c. Na malostransk\u00e9 stran\u011b pak byl v oblasti Kl\u00e1rova ostrov odd\u011blen\u00fd ramenem, na n\u011bm\u017e st\u00e1la obec Ryb\u00e1\u0159e, kde jsou archeologicky dokumentov\u00e1ny minim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159i vrstvy povod\u0148ov\u00fdch sediment\u016f z 10. a\u017e 13. stolet\u00ed, (Hrdli\u010dka 1972), z nich\u017e jedna m\u016f\u017ee pat\u0159it pr\u00e1v\u011b povodni 1118. P\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ce hladiny povodn\u011b by tak plocha pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9ho profilu byla oproti st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed situaci v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, a v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed by musel b\u00fdt rovn\u011b\u017e kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nezodpov\u011bzen\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek ve vztahu k velikosti povodn\u011b tedy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho a lze nal\u00e9zt n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, z nich\u017e v\u0161ak nejsme schopni jedno \u010di druh\u00e9 potvrdit, \u010di zam\u00edtnout.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Existuje v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b jedna indicie mo\u017en\u00e1 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00edc\u00ed o za\u0159azen\u00ed povodn\u011b 1118 jako jedn\u00e9 z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch (spolu s povodn\u011bmi z let 1432 a 2002), ne-li v\u016fbec nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed povodn\u011b v historii Prahy. Je j\u00edm relikt povod\u0148ov\u00e9 zna\u010dky 1118 na z\u00e1meck\u00e9 sk\u00e1le v D\u011b\u010d\u00edn\u011b, kter\u00e1 je v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017eli v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed zna\u010dky.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Problematice zna\u010dek na d\u011b\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 sk\u00e1le se podrobn\u011bji v\u011bnuj\u00ed Br\u00e1zdil a kol. (2005), kte\u0159\u00ed upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o zna\u010dku autentickou, nebo\u0165 v dob\u011b povodn\u011b nebyly je\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny arabsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslice, ale vznikla z\u0159ejm\u011b a\u017e v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b konstatuj\u00ed, \u017ee lze obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b naj\u00edt d\u016fvod pro vznik falza. Naopak proti v\u011brohodnosti vypov\u00edd\u00e1 chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed doklad o zvyku vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zna\u010dek povodn\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b ve 12. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z Kosmovy kroniky, i z geografick\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zm\u00ednek o povodni v jin\u00fdch kronik\u00e1ch (nap\u0159. Melk) lze usuzovat, \u017ee povode\u0148 roku 1118 byla jednou z velk\u00fdch povodn\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v d\u016fsledku tlakov\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee zasahuj\u00edc\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekami obvykle sou\u010dasn\u011b povod\u00ed horn\u00edho Dunaje a Vltavy, analogicky k p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm let 2013, 2002, 1890, 1501 \u010di 1432). Vzhledem k pozdn\u00edmu v\u00fdskytu povodn\u011b \u0161lo sice o obdob\u00ed po vrcholn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi rozvoje vegetace, co\u017e mohlo zv\u00fd\u0161it relativn\u00ed velikost odtoku ze zem\u011bd\u011blsky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch ploch, av\u0161ak v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b rozsah plochy lesa, zejm\u00e9na v horsk\u00fdch a podhorsk\u00fdch oblastech, byl v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes. P\u0159esto do\u0161lo z\u0159ejm\u011b k naprosto extr\u00e9mn\u00ed povodni \u2013 je tedy pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee povodni samotn\u00e9 musela p\u0159edch\u00e1zet vlhk\u00e1 perioda, kter\u00e1 nasytila krajinu a zap\u016fsobila na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed odtokov\u00e9ho koeficientu i z p\u0159irozen\u00e9 krajiny.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hydrologicky podrobn\u011b rekonstruovat povode\u0148 1118 se n\u00e1m st\u011b\u017e\u00ed kdy poda\u0159\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b jist\u011b existuj\u00ed mo\u017enosti dal\u0161\u00edch objev\u016f pro zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed, potvrzen\u00ed, \u010di zam\u00edtnut\u00ed na\u0161ich dne\u0161n\u00edch interpretac\u00ed Kosmova textu. Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi indiciemi by mohly pro budoucnost b\u00fdt archeologick\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy zejm\u00e9na na \u00fazem\u00ed Prahy a nalezen\u00ed datovateln\u00fdch vrstev povod\u0148ov\u00fdch sediment\u016f nebo zm\u00ednky o pr\u016fb\u011bhu po\u010das\u00ed z jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Evropy.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Literatura:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">BR\u00c1ZDIL, R., DOBROVOLN\u00dd, P., ELLEDER, L., KAKOS, V., KOTYZA, O. et al., 2005. Historick\u00e9 a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 povodn\u011b v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Brno, Praha: Masarykova univerzita, \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav. 370 s. ISBN 80-210-3864-0.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">HRDLI\u010cKA, L., 1972. P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu v Praze 1 na Kl\u00e1rov\u011b. Archeologick\u00e9 rozhledy, Vol. 24, s. 644\u2013663.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">HRDLI\u010cKA, L., 2001. Jak se m\u011bnila a rostla st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 Praha. In: Kovanda, J. et al. 2001: Ne\u017eiv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda Prahy a jej\u00edho okol\u00ed. Praha: Academia, \u010cG\u00da, 215 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>1) Posun mezi juli\u00e1nsk\u00fdm a gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fdm kalend\u00e1\u0159em tehdy odpov\u00eddal sedmi dn\u016fm.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>2) L\u00e9ta od narozen\u00ed p\u00e1n\u011b 1118 w m\u011bs\u00edci Srpnu byla jest takow\u00e1 powode\u0148, jak\u00e9 mysl\u00edm nebylo na zemi od potopy sw\u011bta. Nebo \u0159eka tato na\u0161e Wltawa, n\u00e1hle wyraziw\u0161i p\u0159ekotem ze sw\u00e9ho koryta, ach, kolik to d\u011bdin, kolik we podhrad\u00ed tomto dom\u016f, ch\u00fd\u0161\u00ed a kostel\u016f \u00faprkem sw\u00fdm pobrala! Nebo w jin\u00fdch \u010das\u00edch, a\u010dkoliw se to m\u00e1lokdy st\u00e1w\u00e1, aby woda dor\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed leda podlahy mostu dosahowala, ale tato powode\u0148 wystaupila a\u017e w\u00fd\u0161e des\u00edti loket p\u0159es most.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Jan Da\u0148helka,<\/em> <em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 71, 2018\/4<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Povode\u0148 na Vltav\u011b z roku 1118 je nejstar\u0161\u00ed spolehliv\u011b dolo\u017een\u00e1 povode\u0148 na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed. Zm\u00ednku o n\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed Kosmas v \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9 \u010dtvrt\u00e9 kapitole sv\u00e9 Kroniky \u010desk\u00e9 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm latinsk\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14254","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14254"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14259,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14254\/revisions\/14259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}