{"id":13996,"date":"2025-01-26T13:11:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-26T12:11:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=13996"},"modified":"2025-01-26T13:23:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T12:23:29","slug":"zima-a-d-1500-2010-historia-a-podoby-zimv-europe-a-na-slovensku","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/zima-a-d-1500-2010-historia-a-podoby-zimv-europe-a-na-slovensku\/","title":{"rendered":"ZIMA A. D. 1500\u20132010. HIST\u00d3RIA A PODOBY Z\u00cdMV EUR\u00d3PE A NA SLOVENSKU"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13996\" class=\"elementor elementor-13996\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c3a20d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c3a20d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9358c6\" data-id=\"e9358c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-285e924 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"285e924\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Autor: Pavel Matejovi\u010d. Veda, Vydavate\u013estvo Slovenskej akad\u00e9mie vied, Bratislava 2011, 282 stran ISBN 978-80-224-1208-7<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A\u017e dosud podobn\u00e1 kn\u00ed\u017eka ve v\u011bdecko-popul\u00e1rn\u00ed literatu\u0159e chyb\u011bla. D\u016fkladn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bylo zpracov\u00e1no velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch dat z cel\u00e9 Evropy, kter\u00e9 bylo dopln\u011bno \u010detn\u00fdmi grafick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edlohami, synoptick\u00fdmi mapami a citacemi z dobov\u00fdch historick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. \u010clen\u011bn\u00ed celkem osm kapitol je logick\u00e9, jazykov\u00e1 a stylistick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed. Prost\u011b radost to \u010d\u00edst pro zku\u0161en\u00e9ho meteorologa i pro laika, kter\u00fd hled\u00e1 pou\u010den\u00ed o tak z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9m a nepravideln\u011b se opakuj\u00edc\u00edm jevu, jako jsou tuh\u00e9 zimy. Budou se v\u016fbec vyskytovat v budoucnu, kdy\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me v d\u016fsledku zesiluj\u00edc\u00edho sklen\u00edkov\u00e9ho efektu i u n\u00e1s postupn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst teploty vzduchu?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tyto aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my se poda\u0159ilo autorovi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b nast\u00ednit celkem v dev\u00edti kapitol\u00e1ch, v\u010detn\u011b \u00favodu, p\u0159\u00edloh, literatury a stru\u010dn\u00e9ho obsahu v anglick\u00e9m jazyce.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1zvy zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch kapitol jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/span><\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zimy a novodob\u00e1 historie<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Metody klimatick\u00e9 rekonstrukce zim<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zimy a \u201emal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1\u201c<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zimy z hlediska v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 cirkulace atmosf\u00e9ry<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O mo\u017en\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch budouc\u00edm zim<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u00e1vaznost na \u010desk\u00e9 pom\u011bry je dvoj\u00ed: p\u0159edn\u011b naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina vybran\u00fdch zimn\u00edch obdob\u00ed su\u017eovala tuh\u00fdmi mrazy i \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b. D\u00e1le pak autor pou\u017eil \u010detn\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny, v\u010detn\u011b pomoci mnoh\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f zejm\u00e9na z \u010cHM\u00da.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nazp\u011bt do historie autor zvolil zhruba p\u016fltis\u00edcilet\u00e9 obdob\u00ed od roku 1500, s uveden\u00edm tabulky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed klimatickou rekonstrukci nejtu\u017e\u0161\u00edch zim od tohoto letopo\u010dtu pro n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst v Evrop\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b Prahy.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hned ve druh\u00e9 kapitole zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee nen\u00ed rozhodn\u011b zast\u00e1ncem st\u00e1le a znovu se prosazuj\u00edc\u00edho klimatick\u00e9ho determinismu (s. 26), s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na publikaci [1], kter\u00e1 u n\u00e1s vy\u0161la v p\u0159ekladu z francouzsk\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159itom nez\u016fstal jen u v\u00fdkladu zimn\u00edch obdob\u00ed, ale vysv\u011btluje, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkdy jen okrajov\u011b, p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny dal\u0161\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch jev\u016f jako jsou vedra, mrazov\u00e9 kotliny, extr\u00e9mn\u00ed pokles teploty, vich\u0159ice, siln\u00e9 bou\u0159ky, krupobit\u00ed, st\u0159ihov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, sn\u011bhov\u00e9 kalamity, n\u00e1led\u00ed, aj.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny ji\u017e vydan\u00fdch v\u011bdecko-popul\u00e1rn\u00edch publikac\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 provenience s touto tematikou autor klade velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din tuh\u00fdch zim cirkula\u010dn\u00edmi vlivy. Proto jsou u v\u0161ech vybran\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159ilo\u017eeny synoptick\u00e9 mapy p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho tlakov\u00e9ho pole, mnohdy pracn\u011b konstruovan\u00e9 z ne\u00fapln\u00fdch dat minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mrazov\u00fdch obdob\u00ed jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b blokuj\u00edc\u00ed anticyklony, kdy do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy proud\u00ed po del\u0161\u00ed dobu studen\u00fd vzduch ze severov\u00fdchodn\u00edho kvadrantu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ve t\u0159et\u00ed kapitole upoutaj\u00ed pozornost pas\u00e1\u017ee nap\u0159. o vlivu mal\u00e9 doby ledov\u00e9 na dobovou krajinomalbu, s\u00a0uk\u00e1zkami reprodukovan\u00fdch obraz\u016f. To mj. sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o v\u0161estrann\u00fdch kulturn\u011bhistorick\u00fdch znalostech autora.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed tuhosti zim v kapitole \u010dty\u0159i ve vztahu k r\u016fzn\u011b dlouh\u00fdm epoch\u00e1m (st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 optimum, mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1, Maunderovo minimum apod.) je spr\u00e1vn\u011b konstatov\u00e1no, \u017ee vymezen\u00ed t\u011bchto obdob\u00ed se u r\u016fzn\u00fdch autor\u016f dosti li\u0161\u00ed, a to i podle vybran\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 oblasti (nap\u0159. v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii chladno, ale ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b naopak teplo), co\u017e je op\u011bt spr\u00e1vn\u011b logicky zd\u016fvodn\u011bno cirkula\u010dn\u00edmi pom\u011bry. Dosti podrobn\u011b je v\u011bnov\u00e1n prostor r\u016fzn\u00fdm zemsk\u00fdm i mimozemsk\u00fdm vliv\u016fm (vulkanick\u00e1 a slune\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost aj.). V souvislosti s postupem \u010di \u00fastupem alpsk\u00fdch ledovc\u016f autor dokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee i jen v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo let, ne tedy desetilet\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159. kombinace hork\u00fdch letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a m\u00edrn\u00fdch zim ledovec podstatn\u011b redukovat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V kapitole p\u011bt na z\u00e1klad\u011b klementinsk\u00e9 \u0159ady je zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n v\u00fdrazn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi zimami na p\u0159elomu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed, s velk\u00fdm stupn\u011bm variability, a naopak jeho mal\u00fdm stupn\u011bm v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch (podle pr\u016fm\u011bru z absolutn\u00edch teplotn\u00edch odchylek od norm\u00e1lu).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jen pro zaj\u00edmavost: v souvislosti s pra\u017eskou \u0159adou je u p\u0159\u00edpadu tuh\u00e9 zimy 1784\/1785 uvedeno, \u017ee 1. 3. 1785 zde bylo dosa\u017eeno dosud nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty \u201327,6 \u00b0C. Tento extr\u00e9m byl zpochybn\u011bn recenzentem v \u010dl\u00e1nku [2] t\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b prof. Augustin uv\u00e1d\u011bl v jedn\u00e9 ze sv\u00fdch prac\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed minimum \u201329,0 \u00b0C, a sice pro 14. 1. 1799. Tyto \u201edrobn\u00e9\u201c nesrovnalosti se poda\u0159\u00ed st\u011b\u017e\u00ed kdy odstranit.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Autor rovn\u011b\u017e zd\u016fvod\u0148uje, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch sn\u011bhov\u00fdch zim za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch ji\u017e v prosinci, dojde v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, pokud se ov\u0161em udr\u017e\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka, k podstatn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed teploty. Velice zda\u0159il\u00e9 jsou mj. dva instruktivn\u00ed obr\u00e1zky zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed f\u00e1zi severoatlantick\u00e9 cirkulace (NAO). S t\u00edm \u00fazce souvis\u00ed mapy pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho rozlo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho tlakov\u00e9ho pole ve dvou dvacetilet\u00fdch obdob\u00edch 1951\u20131970 a 1991\u20132010, kde se nyn\u00ed z\u0159eteln\u011b ukazuje nahu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed izobar nad Evropou, co\u017e generuje zejm\u00e9na v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed mohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edliv teplej\u0161\u00edho vzduchu od z\u00e1padu. A to je tak\u00e9 jeden z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d vzr\u016fst\u00e1 v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota v Klementinu, nebo\u0165 p\u0159itom rozhoduj\u00ed prakticky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kladn\u00e9 odchylky od norm\u00e1lu v zim\u011b ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 men\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00e9 odchylky v l\u00e9t\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161est\u00e9 kapitoly (s. 193\u2013194) je diskutov\u00e1n p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd r\u016fst teploty vlivem antropogenn\u00ed \u010dinnosti. Zde se vyskytuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00e9 term\u00edny v souvislostech, kter\u00e9 jsou pro recenzenta bohu\u017eel m\u00e1lo srozumiteln\u00e9, a proto se k nim nebude zat\u00edm vyjad\u0159ovat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kapitola sedm s p\u0159\u00edlohami, kter\u00e9 zab\u00edraj\u00ed celou \u010dtvrtinu (72 s.) z celkov\u00e9ho rozsahu publikace, uv\u00e1d\u00ed definice zim a jejich statistick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotu zim v Evrop\u011b, typy pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch situac\u00ed \u010cHM\u00da, blokuj\u00edc\u00ed anticyklon\u00e1ln\u00ed situace, vzduchov\u00e9 hmoty a hlavn\u011b terminologick\u00fd slovn\u00ed\u010dek (TS) nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V osm\u00e9 kapitole je pak citov\u00e1no asi 120 liter\u00e1rn\u00edch pramen\u016f, krom\u011b internetov\u00fdch, datov\u00fdch a jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed a v\u011bcn\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednky<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jinak po v\u0161ech str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch v\u00fdborn\u011b graficky upraven\u00e1 kn\u00ed\u017eka m\u00e1 nev\u00fdraznou ob\u00e1lku, kdy fotografie zasti\u0148uje n\u00e1zev knihy a hlavn\u011b cel\u00e9 jm\u00e9no i p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed autora.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nelze \u00fapln\u011b souhlasit s tvrzen\u00edm (s. 24), \u017ee siln\u00e9 bou\u0159ky se vyskytuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v obdob\u00ed hork\u00fdch let p\u0159i termick\u00e9 konvekci. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto siln\u00fdch bou\u0159ek je toti\u017e pozorov\u00e1na v bl\u00edzkosti front\u00e1ln\u00edch rozhran\u00ed, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017ee v\u00a0letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed. Bou\u0159ky v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch u n\u00e1s (asi od listopadu do \u00fanora) se v\u0161ak vyskytuj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b p\u0159i rychl\u00fdch p\u0159echodech studen\u00fdch front, viz radary.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na s. 45 je uvedena tabulka nejdel\u0161\u00edch \u0159ad meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v Evrop\u011b (rozum\u00ed se zpravidla teploty), kter\u00e1 se v\u0161ak dosti li\u0161\u00ed od stanic publikovan\u00fdch [3].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na s. 78 je z\u0159ejm\u011b n\u011bkolik chyb v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m n\u00e1zvu citovan\u00e9 publikace. Rovn\u011b\u017e na t\u00e9\u017ee stran\u011b je naps\u00e1no, \u017ee zima 1685 a\u017e 1686 byla v Anglii v po\u0159ad\u00ed p\u00e1t\u00e1 nejteplej\u0161\u00ed, hned po zim\u011b 2006\/2007, co\u017e je alespo\u0148 pro recenzenta dosti odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V souvislosti s tuhou zimou 1783\/1784 je mj. zm\u00ednka (s. 82) o dosud nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zimn\u00ed povodni na Vltav\u011b v Praze, s odkazem na p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek [4], kde je v jeho z\u00e1v\u011bru uvedeno, \u017ee se jednalo o povode\u0148 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho typu (z t\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu a de\u0161\u0165\u016f).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek jsem pro MZ tehdy recenzoval. Povode\u0148 tehdy kulminovala p\u0159i pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9m maximu, nikoliv tedy v d\u016fsledku vzdut\u00ed ledov\u00fdmi jevy, tak\u017ee se ned\u00e1 hovo\u0159it o ledov\u00e9 povodni.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na s. 89 je pou\u017eito v\u00fdrazu \u201ev\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fd cirkula\u010dn\u00ed vzor\u201c, co\u017e nen\u00ed v TS vysv\u011btleno.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Bylo by vhodn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit v TS (s. 113) v\u00fdpo\u010det normalizovan\u00e9 kumulativn\u00ed odchylky.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prokl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed denn\u00ed teploty (s. 129) polynomick\u00fdmi trendy nen\u00ed asi vhodn\u00e9 pro za\u010d\u00e1tek a konec grafu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Absence sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed vede ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty (s. 180).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">U sch\u00e9matu pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed situace \u201eC\u201c (s. 255) by bylo vhodn\u00e9 dokreslit alespo\u0148 nad Franci\u00ed modrou \u0161ipku, nebo\u0165 v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto cyklon je teplotn\u011b asymetrick\u00e1, kdy v\u00a0jejich t\u00fdlu proud\u00ed studen\u00fd vzduch. Tak\u00e9 u \u201eBp\u201c (s. 254) op\u011bt by tam m\u011bla b\u00fdt modr\u00e1 \u0161ipka, co\u017e plat\u00ed i pro \u201eB\u201c (s. 256).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Drobn\u00e9 p\u0159eklepy: ostrov Jan Mayen (ne Mayer) a n\u011bmeck\u00fd meteorolog F. Baur (ne Bayer).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Pozn\u00e1mky k terminologick\u00e9mu slovn\u00ed\u010dku<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">I kdy\u017e je term\u00edn \u201ezima\u201c definov\u00e1n hned v \u00favodu, m\u011blo by b\u00fdt jako nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed heslo, kter\u00e9 je v n\u00e1zvu knihy, je\u0161t\u011b jednou uvedeno v TS. Ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, a to nikoliv v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady zim ji\u017e v\u00a0listopadu a jin\u00e9 kon\u010d\u00ed a\u017e v b\u0159eznu, viz pr\u00e1v\u011b uveden\u00e1 zima 1829\/1830 a 1784\/1785. Proto byla zavedena n\u011bkter\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed krit\u00e9ria, jako nap\u0159. citovan\u00fd po\u010det dn\u00ed s pr\u016fm\u011brnou denn\u00ed teplotou &lt; 0 \u00b0C nebo z\u00e1porn\u00e1 teplotn\u00ed suma (ZTS) aj. Nen\u00ed proto vhodn\u00e9 naz\u00fdvat tato krit\u00e9ria jen jako dopl\u0148kov\u00e1. Diskutovan\u00fd probl\u00e9m toti\u017e \u00fazce souvis\u00ed se zaveden\u00edm pojmu dynamick\u00e9 klimatologie, na rozd\u00edl od klasick\u00e9 [5], kdy se zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat prov\u00e1d\u011blo jen v rigidn\u011b stanoven\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed (nap\u0159. pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u017edy jen v t\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">U hesla \u201echarakteristick\u00fd den\u201c (s. 264) je z form\u00e1ln\u00edho hlediska opakovan\u011b vysv\u011btlen u\u017e jen \u201earktick\u00fd den\u201c (s. 263).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">U hesla \u201ejet stream\u201c je pozn\u00e1mka o v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 front\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00f3n\u011b, co\u017e by m\u011blo b\u00fdt vysv\u011btleno v samostatn\u00e9m hesle.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">U hesla \u201eizohypsa\u201c trochu mate \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e v\u011bta, \u017ee prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm izohyps se zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje rozlo\u017een\u00ed tlaku vzduchu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">U hesla \u201esingularita\u201c je u\u017e z hlediska nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch poznatk\u016f (nap\u0159. [6]) probl\u00e9m zahrnout do nich i v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed oblevu, a to dokonce jako nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pozn\u00e1mka: recenzent na ni doned\u00e1vna tak\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b \u201ev\u011b\u0159il\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je nutno u\u010dinit posledn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou p\u0159ipom\u00ednku. Na s. 137 je naps\u00e1na v\u011bta: \u201eZima 1962\/1963 je definitivn\u00ed te\u010dkou za dobou ledovou\u201c, ze kter\u00e9 lze tu\u0161it bohu\u017eel t\u011b\u017eko vyvratiteln\u00fd n\u00e1zor o neust\u00e1l\u00e9m a trval\u00e9m n\u00e1r\u016fstu teplot vlivem zesiluj\u00edc\u00edho sklen\u00edkov\u00e9ho efektu a\u017e do konce 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory by rozhodn\u011b nem\u011bly v\u00e9st k\u00a0uchl\u00e1cholen\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti, kter\u00e1 si pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bude vysv\u011btlovat tuto v\u011btu tak, \u017ee u\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 tuh\u00e1 zima nenastane.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159es celou \u0159adu drobn\u00fdch a n\u011bkolik z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ipom\u00ednek je recenzent s touto publikac\u00ed nadm\u00edru spokojen, a proto ji doporu\u010duje k p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed zejm\u00e9na mlad\u0161\u00ed generaci klimatolog\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Literatura:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] ACOT, P., 2005. Historie a zm\u011bny klimatu: Od velk\u00e9ho t\u0159esku ke klimatick\u00fdm katastrof\u00e1m. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum. 237 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] KAKOS, V., 2008. Franti\u0161ek Augustin, prvn\u00ed profesor meteorologie na pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. Meteorologick\u00e9 Zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 61, \u010d. 6, s. 185\u2013191. ISSN 0026-1173.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[3] BR\u00c1ZDIL, R., 1991. Kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed vybran\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch prvk\u016f ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b v obdob\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed klimatick\u00fd program \u010cSFR, sv. 2, Praha: \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav, 56 s. ISBN 80-900206-6-6.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[4] ELLEDER, L. \u2013 MUNZAR, J., 2004. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed povode\u0148 na Vltav\u011b a Labi v \u00fanoru 1784 jako n\u00e1sledek mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch hydrometeorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Meteorologick\u00e9 Zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 57, \u010d. 5, s. 125\u2013135. ISSN 0026-1173.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[5] Meteorologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk v\u00fdkladov\u00fd a terminologick\u00fd, 1993. Praha: M\u017dP \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, 594 s. ISBN 80-85368-45-5.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[6] \u0160K\u00c1CHOV\u00c1, H. \u2013 \u017d\u00c1K, M., 2009. V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed obleva v\u00a0\u010cesku \u2013 fakt nebo m\u00fdtus? Meteorologick\u00e9 Zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 62, \u010d. 6, s. 187\u2013199. ISSN 0026-1173.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em> Vilibald Kakos,<\/em> <em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, ro\u010d. 65, 2013\/5<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor: Pavel Matejovi\u010d. Veda, Vydavate\u013estvo Slovenskej akad\u00e9mie vied, Bratislava 2011, 282 stran ISBN 978-80-224-1208-7 A\u017e dosud podobn\u00e1 kn\u00ed\u017eka ve v\u011bdecko-popul\u00e1rn\u00ed literatu\u0159e chyb\u011bla. D\u016fkladn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem bylo zpracov\u00e1no velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch dat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13996","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13996"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14000,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13996\/revisions\/14000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}