{"id":13190,"date":"2025-01-22T17:31:44","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T16:31:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=13190"},"modified":"2025-01-22T17:32:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T16:32:22","slug":"fenologicky-atlas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/fenologicky-atlas\/","title":{"rendered":"FENOLOGICK\u00dd ATLAS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13190\" class=\"elementor elementor-13190\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1a03c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1a03c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1018b04\" data-id=\"1018b04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f99ac68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f99ac68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Coufal, L., Hou\u0161ka, V., Reitschl\u00e4ger, J. D., Valter, J., Vr\u00e1bl\u00edk, T. Praha: \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav 2004. 263 s.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Fenologii m\u016f\u017eeme definovat jako v\u011bdu o \u010dasov\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu periodicky se opakuj\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edch projev\u016f rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a o vazb\u00e1ch fenologick\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed ke st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch a p\u016fdn\u00edch podm\u00ednek ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed. (Bioklimatologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk terminologick\u00fd a explikativn\u00ed (Academia, Praha, 1980). Po pro\u010dten\u00ed Fenologick\u00e9ho atlasu jsem si tyto souvislosti znovu uv\u011bdomil, proto\u017ee jeho vyd\u00e1n\u00edm \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav (d\u00e1le jen \u010cHM\u00da) pr\u00e1v\u011b fenologii v\u00fdznamn\u011b pomohl. Jde o to, \u017ee se \u010das od \u010dasu objevuj\u00ed \u00favahy o tom, zda fenologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u00fdznam, zda je v\u016fbec prov\u00e1d\u011bt. Jist\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy se tak usilovn\u011b hled\u00e1 posouzen\u00ed dopad\u016f mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu, jsou feno- logick\u00e9 \u0159ady velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dovol\u00edm si p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1tky v\u011bdeck\u00e9 fenologie spadaj\u00ed do poloviny 18. stolet\u00ed a jsou spojeny se jm\u00e9ny jako Linn\u00e9, Kraft aj. Zdokonalen\u00ed fenologick\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nastalo z\u00e1sluhou pra\u017esk\u00e9ho meteorologa a hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159e Fritsche (19. stolet\u00ed), kter\u00fd jako jeden z prvn\u00edch data odborn\u011b vyhodnocoval. Po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byla fenologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republice organizov\u00e1na na \u0161irok\u00e9m celost\u00e1tn\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u011b V\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi \u00fastavy zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi. Bohu\u017eel \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z fenologick\u00fdch stanic zalo\u017een\u00fdch ve dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed ji\u017e nepozoruje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na rozvoji fenologie se v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edlel prof. ing. dr. V\u00e1clav Nov\u00e1k, DrSc., kter\u00fd organizoval s\u00ed\u0165 nov\u011b zakl\u00e1dan\u00fdch fenologick\u00fdch stanic ve dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Vypracoval pro fenologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eZ\u00e1sadn\u00ed pravidla\u201c a n\u00e1vrh jednotn\u00e9ho formul\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdkazu fenologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed s dopl\u0148ky a \u00fapravami zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi v\u0161ak v\u00edce k \u00fa\u010del\u016fm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm ne\u017e botanick\u00fdm. \u201eP\u0159\u00edru\u010dka fenologick\u00e9ho pozorovatele\u201c byla v\u0161ak vyd\u00e1na a\u017e v roce 1956 a je nutn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159es zm\u011bny v metodik\u00e1ch fenologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byla ur\u010dit\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem st\u00e1le. Ji\u017e tak\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011bla obrazovou \u010d\u00e1st, tvo\u0159enou v\u0161ak p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b perokresbami.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Fenologick\u00e9ho atlasu tak vypl\u0148uje chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed informace v \u010desk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e o fenologick\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch vybran\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin, a je tak n\u00e1zornou pom\u016fckou pro fenologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed lesn\u00edch rostlin, ovocn\u00fdch d\u0159evin a poln\u00edch plodin. Perokresby a fotografie zachycuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 pozorovan\u00e9 fenof\u00e1ze: ra\u0161en\u00ed, prvn\u00ed listy, pln\u00e9 olist\u011bn\u00ed, butonizace, po\u010d\u00e1tek kveten\u00ed, konec kveten\u00ed, tvorba pupen\u016f, po\u010d\u00e1tek fruktifikace, \u017eloutnut\u00ed list\u00ed, opad list\u00ed a zralost plod\u016f. V Atlasu je uvedeno 45 druh\u016f lesn\u00edch rostlin, 16 druh\u016f poln\u00edch plodin a 13 druh\u016f ovocn\u00fdch plodin. Rozd\u011blen\u00ed na tyto t\u0159i skupiny odpov\u00edd\u00e1 platn\u00fdm metodick\u00fdm p\u0159edpis\u016fm, kdy \u010d. 10 je \u201eN\u00e1vod pro \u010dinnost fenologick\u00fdch stanic. Lesn\u00ed rostliny\u201c, p\u0159edpis \u010d. 2 \u201eN\u00e1vod pro \u010dinnost fenologick\u00fdch stanic. Poln\u00ed plodiny\u201c a p\u0159edpis \u010d. 3 \u201eN\u00e1vod pro \u010dinnost fenologick\u00fdch stanic. Ovocn\u00e9 d\u0159eviny\u201c. Po\u0159ad\u00ed v Atlasu a \u0159azen\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016fm neodpov\u00edd\u00e1, takt\u00e9\u017e nen\u00ed vysv\u011btleno, pro\u010d auto\u0159i v Atlasu m\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1zev z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho ozna\u010den\u00ed ovocn\u00fdch d\u0159evin na ovocn\u00e9 plodiny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za \u00factyhodn\u00fd pova\u017euji po\u010det fotografi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Atlas p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, je jich 492. A nen\u00ed jim tak\u0159ka co vytknout, kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdom\u00edme, \u017ee zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 jsou ty, kter\u00e9 pro\u0161ly n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011brem. Proto je nutn\u00e9 vyslovit uzn\u00e1n\u00ed autor\u016fm za mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b rozs\u00e1hlou a pe\u010dlivou pr\u00e1ci p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch podklad\u016f, kter\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u011b v ter\u00e9nu nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat jen jednou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou. U ka\u017ed\u00e9ho druhu je jedna \u010di v\u00edce perokreseb, celkem jich je 111. Jejich v\u00fdznam s ohledem na v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00e9 fotografie je men\u0161\u00ed, dokonce v n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech jde o perokresby nev\u00fdsti\u017en\u00e9, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u p\u0161enice set\u00e9 a \u017eita set\u00e9ho. Nejen v t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech jde o duplicitu s daleko n\u00e1zorn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fotografi\u00ed. Uveden\u00e9 perokresby v ji\u017e vzpomenut\u00e9 \u201eP\u0159\u00edru\u010dce&#8230;\u201c byly kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">T\u00edm, \u017ee \u010cHM\u00da Atlas prod\u00e1v\u00e1 i z\u00e1jemc\u016fm o fenologii, je mo\u017en\u00e9 sly\u0161et i jejich n\u00e1zory. T\u00edm, \u017ee \u0161lo o dopln\u011bn\u00ed metodick\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f, nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00edce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it text k f\u00e1z\u00edm, kter\u00fd je v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fd, ale lakonick\u00fd. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popisy ve vlastn\u00edch \u201eN\u00e1vodech.\u201c v\u0161ak ji\u017e z\u00e1jemci o fenologii nez\u00edskaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Obdobn\u00e9 je to i s p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou, \u017ee by bylo vhodn\u00e9 v popisech jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f uv\u00e9st z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 fenologick\u00e9 informace o p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch druz\u00edch. Nap\u0159. l\u00edpa srd\u010dit\u00e1 ra\u0161\u00ed a rozkv\u00e9t\u00e1 o 14 dn\u00ed pozd\u011bji ne\u017e l\u00edpa velkolist\u00e1, hloh jednoblizn\u00fd rozkv\u00e9t\u00e1 o 6-10 dn\u016f pozd\u011bji ne\u017e hloh obecn\u00fd, sasanka hajn\u00ed rozkv\u00e9t\u00e1 o t\u00fdden d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e sasanka prysky\u0159n\u00edkovit\u00e1. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b bych souhlasil s n\u00e1zorem, \u017ee by bylo vhodn\u00e9 za\u0159adit p\u0159ehledn\u00fd fenologick\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 uveden\u00fdch druh\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho pohledu, tedy pom\u016fcky pro pozorovatele, je Atlas m\u00e9n\u011b praktick\u00fd, ur\u010dit\u011b nen\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Fenologick\u00e9ho Atlasu je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd po\u010din \u010cHM\u00da, je to d\u00edlo reprezentativn\u00ed, velmi kvalitn\u011b proveden\u00e9. Auto\u0159i si za Atlas zaslou\u017e\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u0161ech sm\u011brech. Jestli\u017ee se z oboru meteorologie objevilo v posledn\u00edch letech n\u011bkolik publikac\u00ed vznikl\u00fdch mimo \u010cHM\u00da, potom pr\u00e1v\u011b Atlas je v\u00edce ne\u017e srovnateln\u00fd a postavil i do budoucna pomyslnou la\u0165ku kvality velmi vysoko. Ur\u010dit\u011b nen\u00ed jen m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm, abychom podobn\u00fdch publikac\u00ed z \u201ed\u00edlny\u201c \u010cHM\u00da m\u011bli v\u00edce.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Jaroslav Ro\u017enovsk\u00fd, MZ 2005\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 58, str. 190-191<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Coufal, L., Hou\u0161ka, V., Reitschl\u00e4ger, J. D., Valter, J., Vr\u00e1bl\u00edk, T. Praha: \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav 2004. 263 s. Fenologii m\u016f\u017eeme definovat jako v\u011bdu o \u010dasov\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu periodicky se opakuj\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13190","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13190"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13194,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13190\/revisions\/13194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}