{"id":13184,"date":"2025-01-22T17:24:02","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T16:24:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=13184"},"modified":"2025-01-22T17:24:39","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T16:24:39","slug":"30-let-evropskeho-centra-pro-strednedobe-predpovedi-ecmwf-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/30-let-evropskeho-centra-pro-strednedobe-predpovedi-ecmwf-2\/","title":{"rendered":"30 LET EVROPSK\u00c9HO CENTRA PRO ST\u0158EDN\u011aDOB\u00c9 P\u0158EDPOV\u011aDI (ECMWF)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13184\" class=\"elementor elementor-13184\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8318471 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8318471\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8df4183\" data-id=\"8df4183\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-725603c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"725603c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Meteorologov\u00e9 u\u017e p\u0159ed desetilet\u00edmi uzn\u00e1vali pot\u0159ebu \u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v 60. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed u\u017e byly zku\u0161enosti s numerick\u00fdmi kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdmi p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010fmi a klimatologick\u00fdmi simulacemi. Vznikala tu i snaha zab\u00fdvat se problematikou numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed tak\u00e9 ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m rozsahu, kter\u00fd byl definov\u00e1n od 3. do 10. dne dop\u0159edu. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 a technick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se objevovaly, byly zna\u010dn\u00e9, jen n\u011bkolik st\u00e1t\u016f m\u011blo s nimi dostatek zku\u0161enost\u00ed a bylo t\u0159eba je \u0159e\u0161it na z\u00e1klad\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce. V \u0159\u00edjnu 1967 rada ministr\u016f Evropsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed p\u0159ijala usnesen\u00ed realizovat program spole\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho a technick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, vedouc\u00ed k n\u00e1vrhu z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edho centra. Samotn\u00e1 konvence Evropsk\u00e9ho centra pro st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi (ECMWF) o jeho z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed byla podeps\u00e1na v \u0159\u00edjnu 1973 patn\u00e1cti evropsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a ve\u0161la v platnost 1. listopadu 1975. Toto datum je tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1no za datum vzniku ECMWF. V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce tak ECMWF oslavilo sv\u00e9 30. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hlavn\u00edmi c\u00edli ECMWF se staly v\u00fdvoj dynamick\u00e9ho modelu atmosf\u00e9ry pro p\u0159\u00edpravu st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm numerick\u00fdch metod a p\u0159\u00edprava vstupn\u00edch dat pro tento model, denn\u00ed operativn\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi na 10 dn\u016f dop\u0159edu, kter\u00e9 jsou ur\u010deny n\u00e1rodn\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m \u010dlensk\u00fdch a p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch zem\u00ed, v\u011bdeck\u00fd a technick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vedouc\u00ed ke zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj v oblasti operativn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch a sezonn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost se v\u011bnuje v\u00fdvoji produkt\u016f ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch jev\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">ECMWF tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u00ed sb\u011br a archivov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch dat. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 kapacity ur\u010den\u00e9 sv\u00fdm \u010dlensk\u00fdm zem\u00edm pro jejich vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, prioritn\u011b na poli numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi c\u00edli jsou pomoc v realizaci program\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, jako\u017e i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed pro odborn\u00edky meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb \u010dlensk\u00fdch a p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch zem\u00ed na poli numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k proveden\u00fdm studi\u00edm a v\u00fdzkum\u016fm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Operativn\u00ed st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi tohoto centra jsou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny od roku 1979. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jedna p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f denn\u011b na 10 dn\u00ed dop\u0159edu byla vyd\u00e1v\u00e1na v p\u011bti dnech v t\u00fddnu a byla po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na modelem s rozli\u0161en\u00edm 200 km. Ans\u00e1mblov\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi se za\u010daly po\u010d\u00edtat v roce 1992 a v roce 1998 i experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed sezonn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V sou\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 ECMWF celkem 18 \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a 8 p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch (cooperation agreement) zem\u00ed. D\u00e1le spolupracuje s WMO, EUMETSAT, Evropskou kosmickou agenturou (ESA) a n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi. \u010cesk\u00e9 republika se stala p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdm \u010dlenem 1. srpna 2001. To umo\u017enilo p\u0159\u00edstup \u010cHM\u00da k \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le kvalitn\u00edch podklad\u016f pro p\u0159\u00edpravu a tvorbu p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00fdch, v\u010detn\u011b podklad\u016f pro v\u00fdstra\u017enou slu\u017ebu. Novinkou pro meteorology byly zejm\u00e9na produkty tzv. syst\u00e9mu ans\u00e1mblov\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi, kter\u00e9 mohou ukazovat na mo\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u00edln\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed situace a tedy i po\u010das\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et pravd\u011bpodobnostn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ke 30. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed ECMWF byla vyd\u00e1na kniha Medium-Range Weather Prediction &#8211; the European Approach, kterou napsal jeho b\u00fdval\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Austin Woods. Tato \u010dtiv\u00e1 kniha popisuje zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vzniku ECMWF od prvn\u00edch p\u0159edstav jeho vzniku v politicky slo\u017eit\u00e9m obdob\u00ed v 60. letech v Evrop\u011b. Shrnuje politick\u00e9, v\u011bdeck\u00e9, technick\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed diskuse, kter\u00e9 vedly k jeho vzniku v Readingu, 60 km z\u00e1padn\u011b od Lond\u00fdna. Kniha popisuje v\u00fdvoj v jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dinnostech centra od anal\u00fdz a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch model\u016f, vyu\u017eit\u00ed dru\u017eicov\u00fdch dat, p\u0159es v\u00fdvoj v oblasti superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a telekomunikac\u00ed, a\u017e po komer\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti v meteorologii. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sna\u017e\u00ed o nast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje v\u011bdy a technologie v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Franti\u0161ek Sopko, MZ 2005\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 58, str. 183<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meteorologov\u00e9 u\u017e p\u0159ed desetilet\u00edmi uzn\u00e1vali pot\u0159ebu \u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v 60. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed u\u017e byly zku\u0161enosti s numerick\u00fdmi kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdmi p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010fmi a klimatologick\u00fdmi simulacemi. Vznikala tu i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13184","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13184"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13188,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13184\/revisions\/13188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}