{"id":12564,"date":"2025-01-12T14:20:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-12T13:20:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=12564"},"modified":"2025-01-12T22:32:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T21:32:20","slug":"cyklus-prednasek-a-rozhovoru-o-meteorologii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/cyklus-prednasek-a-rozhovoru-o-meteorologii\/","title":{"rendered":"Cyklus p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek a rozhovor\u016f o meteorologii."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12564\" class=\"elementor elementor-12564\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b59f7df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b59f7df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-674adc1\" data-id=\"674adc1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82f8563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"82f8563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dastav pro meteorologii a klimatologii university Karlovy v Praze zah\u00e1jil pr\u00e1v\u011b cyklus p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek a rozhovor\u016f o meteorologii<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c5a5879 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c5a5879\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62b6fbc\" data-id=\"62b6fbc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ac9137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ac9137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00dastav pro meteorologii a klimatologii university Karlovy v Praze zah\u00e1jil pr\u00e1v\u011b <strong>cyklus p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek a rozhovor\u016f o meteorologii<\/strong>. Prvn\u00ed v t\u00e9to s\u00e9rii byla p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka RNC Ji\u0159\u00edho F\u00f6erchtgotta: O orograficky podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m vln\u011bn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry (dlouh\u00e1 vlna) <strong>dne 14. listopadu 1947.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed podal v\u00fdklad k \u00fakazu p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch mrak\u016f t. zv. moazagotl\u016f a t. zv. rotor\u016f, t. j. v\u00e1lcov\u00fdch v\u00edr\u016f, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed na z\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch horsk\u00fdch masiv\u016f. (obrazov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edloha tohoho \u010d\u00edsla Meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v zachycuje takovou situaci na Tatr\u00e1ch.) V\u011bdecky zkoumal tyto \u00fakazy jmenovit\u011b Joachym K\u00fcttner na Krkono\u0161\u00edch a popsal je v \u010dl\u00e1nku Die Role der Tropopause bei der Zyklogenese (Beitr\u00e4ge zur Physik der fr. Atmosph\u00e4re, 26; 1940), kde podal t\u00e9\u017e teoretick\u00fd v\u00fdklad, jeho\u017e i p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pou\u017eil. K\u00fcttner p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 existenci p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed a v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 invere, aby vzniklo vin\u011bn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry. Tepl\u00fd vzduch klou\u017ee po inversn\u00ed plo\u0161e, stoup\u00e1 p\u0159ed h\u0159ebenem hor a kles\u00e1 za nimi. Dynamick\u00fdm podtlakem nast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ed poho\u0159\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hladiny p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vzduchu a opa\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkem tlakov\u00fdm nast\u00e1v\u00e1 na z\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e9 stran\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho vzduchu. Kinetick\u00e1 energie pohybuj\u00edc\u00edho se vzduchu (rychlost proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu na Sn\u011b\u017ece b\u00fdv\u00e1 a\u017e 25 m za vte\u0159inu) se zv\u011bt\u0161uje na z\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e9 stran\u011b je\u0161t\u011b o potencion\u00e1ln\u00ed energii padaj\u00edc\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 hmoty, tak\u017ee na inversn\u00ed plo\u0161e, na n\u00ed\u017e vzdu\u0161n\u00e1 hmota dopad\u00e1, vznikaj\u00ed stojat\u00e9 gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny. Rozli\u010dn\u00e1 rychlost v\u011btru v tepl\u00e9m v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9m proudu a chladn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edm vzduchu deformuje tvary vln, p\u0159ekl\u00e1p\u00ed sousedn\u00ed vrcholy a tvo\u0159\u00ed rotory v hladin\u011b p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed inversn\u00ed plochy. Prom\u00edch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm chladn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho vzduchu s tepl\u00fdm v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdm vzduchem se zvy\u0161uje teplota pod inversn\u00ed vrstvou a sni\u017euje se teplota v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00edrov\u00e9 vrstvy, tak\u017ee v rotorech vznik\u00e1 adiabatick\u00fd gradient. K udr\u017een\u00ed rotace v\u00e1lcov\u00e9ho v\u00edru sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159i adiabatick\u00e9m gradientu jen mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd proud. Je-li vzduch dostate\u010dn\u011b vlhk\u00fd, projevuj\u00ed se v\u00e1lcov\u00e9 v\u00edry \u017eivou a velmi pohyblivou obla\u010dnost\u00ed. \u0158ady rotor\u016f v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e9m prostoru hor jsou tedy st\u00e1l\u00fdm pr\u016fvodn\u00edm zjevem f\u00f6hnov\u00e9 situace a vlniv\u00e9ho proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Analogicky podle z\u00e1kon\u016f hydrodynamick\u00fdch vysv\u011btluje K\u00fcttner vznik vln\u011bn\u00ed na inversi v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9: p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me-li, \u017ee v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm stadiu m\u011bly v\u0161echny \u010d\u00e1stice vzduchu mezi ob\u011bma inversemi stejnou rychlost pohybu, pak vznik vlny na spodn\u00ed inversi zp\u016fsobuje zrychlen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic nad vrcholem vlny a t\u00edm dynamick\u00fd podtlak, kter\u00fd z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed hladinu v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 inverse. Obdobn\u011b pak v m\u00edst\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed inverse nast\u00e1v\u00e1 zvednut\u00ed inverse v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9. Stojat\u00e9 vlny na v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 inversi jsou tedy v\u016f\u010di vln\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edm horizont\u00e1ln\u011b o p\u016fl vlny posunuty. Dosahuj\u00ed-li vrcholy vln v tepl\u00e9m vzdu\u0161n\u00e9m proud\u011bn\u00ed kondensa\u010dn\u00ed hladiny, d\u00e1vaj\u00ed vznik prot\u00e1hl\u00fdm \u010do\u010dkovit\u00fdm mrak\u016fm (AItocumulus lenticularis).<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>F\u00f6hnov\u00e9 mraky za Krkono\u0161emi tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkdy i n\u011bkolik poschod\u00ed a horizont\u00e1ln\u011b se \u010dleni a\u017e v \u0161est rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0159ad p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed rozsah orograficky podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho vln\u011bn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry sah\u00e1 a\u017e do stratosf\u00e9ry. Dokazuje to jednak plachtov\u00fd let p\u0159ed alpsk\u00fdm f\u00f6hnov\u00fdm mrakem do v\u00fd\u0161ky 11.400 m, jednak souvislost zjevu t. zv. \u201eperle\u0165ov\u00fdch oblak\u016f\u201c&#8217; (20\u201330 km v\u00fd\u0161ky), jak ji uv\u00e1d\u00ed prof. Mohn a prof. St\u00f6rmer. Podle St\u00f6rmera i \u201esv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed oblaka\u201c&#8217;, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuj\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161ce a\u017e 80 km, jev\u00ed charakteristick\u00e9 znaky f\u00f6hnov\u00fdch mrak\u016f.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce p. J. F\u00f6rchtgotta sledovan\u00e9 se z\u00e1jmem jak na\u0161imi meteorology, tak i z\u00e1jemci z kruh\u016f plachta\u0159sk\u00fdch, se rozp\u0159edla \u017eiv\u00e1 rozprava, kter\u00e1 zd\u016fraznila nutnost vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce a v\u00fdm\u011bny zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Se strany odborn\u00edk\u016f (pp. D\u0159evikovsk\u00fd, dr J\u00edlek, dr Pape\u017e, dr Veseck\u00fd a dr Vesel\u00fd) bylo konstatov\u00e1no, \u017ee K\u00fcttnerovy p\u0159edpoklady neb\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u017edy spln\u011bny a \u017ee spolupr\u00e1ce meteorolog\u016f s plachta\u0159i mohla by tu je\u0161t\u011b mnoh\u00e9 objasnit, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b uv\u00e9st na pravou m\u00edru.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Cyklus p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek a rozhovor\u016f o meteorologii pokra\u010doval dne 27. XI. 1947 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou doc. dr Aloise Z\u00e1topka: Mikroseismy a pohyb tlakov\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f a dne 11. XII. 1947 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou RNC Jaroslava P\u00edchy: Slune\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost a jej\u00ed vliv na po\u010das\u00ed. O p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch pod\u00e1me op\u011bt zpr\u00e1vu na tomto m\u00edst\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V lednu a v \u00fanoru 1948 cyklus pokra\u010duje t\u011bmito p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kami: 1. I. 1948 RNC Jan Br\u00e1dka: Hodnocen\u00ed kvality kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch prognos. 29. I. 1948 prof. Ji\u0159\u00ed Antropius: Hodnocen\u00ed a vy\u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch barogram\u016f pro plachta\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. 12. II. 1948 RNDr Pavel Uhl\u00ed\u0159: Rosa jako meteorologick\u00fd faktor.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za\u010d\u00e1tek p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek v\u017edy v 17 hod. P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky se konaj\u00ed v posluch\u00e1rn\u011b meteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Karlovy university v Praze II, U Karlova 3\/II. posch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zpr\u00e1vy, MZ 1947\/5, ro\u010dn\u00edk 1, str. 127<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dastav pro meteorologii a klimatologii university Karlovy v Praze zah\u00e1jil pr\u00e1v\u011b cyklus p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek a rozhovor\u016f o meteorologii \u00dastav pro meteorologii a klimatologii university Karlovy v Praze zah\u00e1jil pr\u00e1v\u011b cyklus p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12564","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12564"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12620,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12564\/revisions\/12620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}