{"id":12276,"date":"2025-01-11T19:08:55","date_gmt":"2025-01-11T18:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=12276"},"modified":"2025-01-11T19:10:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-11T18:10:10","slug":"jmenovci-mezinarodnich-jednotek","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/jmenovci-mezinarodnich-jednotek\/","title":{"rendered":"JMENOVCI MEZIN\u00c1RODN\u00cdCH JEDNOTEK"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12276\" class=\"elementor elementor-12276\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-83ee509 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"83ee509\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63b7817\" data-id=\"63b7817\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b5b9aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b5b9aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Auto\u0159i: Jaroslav Folta a Jana Nekvasilov\u00e1. Praha: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed technick\u00e9 muzeum 2003. 36 stran. ISBN 80-7037-119-6.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zn\u00e1te p\u016fvod m\u00edry ar nebo hektar? Nebo, od kdy se datuje prvn\u00ed pokus o sjednocen\u00ed m\u011br v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch? A kdy byla zavedena metrick\u00e1 soustava v Rakousko-Uhersku? V \u00fatl\u00e9 publikaci Jmenovci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch jednotek najdete na podobn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky odpov\u011bdi a nav\u00edc se sezn\u00e1m\u00edte s protagonisty, podle nich\u017e byly pojmenov\u00e1ny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a odvozen\u00e9 jednotky mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011brn\u00fdch soustav. Ale pro \u00faplnost: Ar (hektar) m\u00e1 p\u016fvod patrn\u011b v Mezopot\u00e1mii, kdy\u017e se d\u00e9lka br\u00e1zdy n\u00e1sobila po\u010dtem br\u00e1zd a to vyjad\u0159ovalo v\u00fdrazem \u00e1ra. O sjednocen\u00ed m\u011br se u n\u00e1s poprv\u00e9 pokusil V\u00e1clav I. a pozd\u011bji P\u0159emysl Otakar II. (1233-1278) a z\u00e1kon o m\u00edr\u00e1ch a v\u00e1h\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd v Rakousko-Uhersku nastolil metrickou soustavu, byl p\u0159ijat v roce 1871. Za nedostatek v\u0161ak pokl\u00e1d\u00e1me nerozli\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch jednotek SI (z francouzsk\u00e9ho Syst\u00e9me International d\u2018Unit\u00e9s) od odvozen\u00fdch jednotek. V \u00favodu je sice on\u011bch sedm z\u00e1kladn\u00edch jednotek vyjmenov\u00e1no (metr, kilogram, sekunda, amp\u00e9r, kelvin, mol, kandela), ale u jmen objevitel\u016f ji\u017e auto\u0159i ned\u016fsledn\u011b v\u00fdznamov\u011b diferencuj\u00ed, a tak jsou pouze odvozen\u00e9 jednotky v\u011bt\u0161inou uv\u00e1d\u011bny jako jednotky v SI (t\u00fdk\u00e1 se to jednotek newton, joule, watt, henry, volt, farad, tesla, weber, becqurel, gray a coulomb).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Obsah publikace je tematicky \u0159azen do osmi kapitol v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b jednotn\u011b strukturovan\u00fdch: jm\u00e9no v\u011bdce v\u010detn\u011b zpodob- n\u011bn\u00ed (krom\u011b D. G. Fahrenheita), z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u017eivotopisn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, charakteristika objevu nebo vyn\u00e1lezu, definice jednotky. V jednotliv\u00fdch tematick\u00fdch okruz\u00edch jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bny:<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Teplota<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">William Thomson, lord Kelvin (1824-1907), jednotka termodynamick\u00e9 teploty kelvin (K) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Anders Celsius (1701-1744), Celsi\u016fv stupe\u0148 (\u00b0C)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">William John Macquorn Rankine (1820-1872), Rankin\u016fv stupe\u0148 &#8211; rankine (\u00b0R)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736), Fahrenheit\u016fv stupe\u0148 (\u00b0F)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ren\u00e9 Antoine Ferchalult de R\u00e9aumur (1683-1757), R\u00e9aumur\u016fv stupe\u0148 (\u00b0R)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tlak<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), jednotka pro tlak (Pa) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647), jednotka tlaku torr (Torr)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">S\u00edla<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Isaac Newton (1643-1727), jednotka s\u00edly newton (N) v SI<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pr\u00e1ce, Teplo, Energie, V\u00fdkon<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">James Prescott Joule (1818-1889), jednotka s\u00edly pro pr\u00e1ci joule (J) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">James Watt (1736-1819), jednotka v\u00fdkonu watt (W) v SI<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Elekt\u0159ina<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Andr\u00e9-Marie Amp\u00e9re (1775-1836), jednotka elektrick\u00e9ho proudu v amp\u00e9r (A) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jean Baptiste Biot (1774-1862), jednotka elektrick\u00e9ho proudu abamp\u00e9r (biot Bi nebo aA)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0Joseph Henry (1797-1878), jednotka pro magnetickou vodivost henry (H) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854), jednotka elektrick\u00e9ho odporu ohm (Q) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Werner von Siemens (1816-1892), jednotka elektrick\u00e9 vodivosti siemens (S)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Karl Wilhelm Siemens (1823-1883) &#8211; trv\u00e1 diskuse, zda nebyl objevitelem elektrick\u00e9 vodivosti (bratr W. von Siemense)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Alessandro Giuseppe hrab\u011b Volta (1745-1827), jednotka elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed volt (V) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806), jednotka elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje coulomb (C) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Michal Faraday (1791-1867), jednotka elektrick\u00e9 kapacity farad (F) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Benjamin Franklin (1706-1796), jednotka elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje a elektrick\u00e9ho induk\u010dn\u00edho toku franklin (Fr) nebo statcoulomb (sC)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Magnetismus<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nikola Tesla (1856-1943, jednotka magnetick\u00e9 indukce tesla (T) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804-1891), jednotka induk\u010dn\u00edho magnetick\u00e9ho toku weber (Wb) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), jednotka magnetick\u00e9 indukce gauss (G)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), jednotka magnetick\u00e9ho toku maxwell (M nebo Mx)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0Hans Christian 0rsted (1777-1851), jednotka intenzity magnetick\u00e9ho pole oersted (Oe)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Akustika<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894), jednotka frekvence (kmito\u010dtu) hertz (Hz) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Anders Jonas \u00c1ngstrom (1814-1874), jednotka o vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lk\u00e1ch \u00e1ngstrom (\u00c1)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922), jednotka pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pro hladinu intenzity zvuku a pro hladinu akustick\u00e9ho tlaku bel &#8211; decibel (db)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Radioaktivita<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), jednotka pro aktivitu z\u00e1\u0159i\u010de becqurel (Bq) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pierre Curie (1859-1906), Marie Sklodowska-Curie (1867-1934), b\u00fdval\u00e1 jednotka aktivity curie (Ci)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Louis Harold Gray (1905-1965), jednotka radioaktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky gray (Gy) v SI<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen (1845-1923), d\u0159\u00edve u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 jednotka oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed roentgen \u00ae<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rolf Maxmilian Sievert (1896-1966), jednotka absorbovan\u00e9 d\u00e1vky z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sievert (Sv).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Recenzovan\u00e1 bro\u017eurka pln\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm osv\u011btov\u00e9 posl\u00e1n\u00ed a podle n\u00e1zvu slou\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u011b k sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s objeviteli jednotek. Pokud \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 pot\u0159ebuje zevrubn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace, zvol\u00ed pochopiteln\u011b jin\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed pramen &#8211; nap\u0159. publikaci I. Kaplera: M\u00edry, jednotky, veli\u010diny. Ostrava: Repronis 2000. 101 s. ISBN 80-86122-43-3.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd, MZ 2004\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 57, str. 27-28<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Auto\u0159i: Jaroslav Folta a Jana Nekvasilov\u00e1. Praha: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed technick\u00e9 muzeum 2003. 36 stran. ISBN 80-7037-119-6. Zn\u00e1te p\u016fvod m\u00edry ar nebo hektar? Nebo, od kdy se datuje prvn\u00ed pokus o sjednocen\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12276","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12276"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12280,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12276\/revisions\/12280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}