{"id":12258,"date":"2025-01-09T19:16:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T18:16:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=12258"},"modified":"2025-01-09T19:19:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T18:19:58","slug":"pokroky-ceskoslovenske-letecke-meteorologie-pred-80-roky","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/pokroky-ceskoslovenske-letecke-meteorologie-pred-80-roky\/","title":{"rendered":"Pokroky \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 meteorologie p\u0159ed 80 roky"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12258\" class=\"elementor elementor-12258\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dda5ec4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dda5ec4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bed39f8\" data-id=\"bed39f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-748e205 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"748e205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nejprve si p\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 leteck\u00e1 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed slu\u017eba p\u0159i St\u00e1tn\u00edm \u00fastavu meteorologick\u00e9m v Praze byla z\u0159\u00edzena v roce 1921 a \u017ee v roce n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm byla zalo\u017eena zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 pro leteckou dopravu. K meteorologick\u00e9mu zabezpe\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed tehdy mal\u00e9ho po\u010dtu let\u016f se za\u010dala vyu\u017e\u00edvat pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch klimatologick\u00fdch stanic St\u00e1tn\u00edho \u00fastavu meteorologick\u00e9ho, vojensk\u00fdch stanic a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm leteck\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch hl\u00eddek, kter\u00e9 se souhlasem ministerstva po\u0161t a telegraf\u016f z roku 1922 byly organizov\u00e1ny p\u0159i po\u0161tovn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159adech, Ie\u017e\u00edc\u00edch pod\u00e9l a po obou stran\u00e1ch letov\u00fdch trat\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Leteck\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed hl\u00eddky prov\u00e1d\u011bly pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed bez p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. Zpr\u00e1vy o aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010das\u00ed, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b depe\u0161e, pos\u00edlaly do sb\u011brn\u00e9ho centra (v\u011bt\u0161inou do Prahy) p\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm startem letadlo, pokud m\u011blo let\u011bt po trati, pro n\u00ed\u017e byla hl\u00eddka z\u0159\u00edzena. P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v do \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed se d\u011blo z\u00e1sadn\u011b telegraficky. Na Slovensku se pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed shroma\u017e\u010fovala p\u0159\u00edmo v Bratislav\u011b a Ko\u0161ic\u00edch, na Morav\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ovala p\u0159\u00edmo na leti\u0161t\u011b v Brn\u011b [2].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prudk\u00fd rozvoj civiln\u00ed leteck\u00e9 dopravy, kter\u00fd v\u00a0Evrop\u011b nastal v polovin\u011b 20. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, urychloval tak\u00e9 u n\u00e1s v\u00fdvoj leteck\u00e9 meteorologie, kter\u00e1 se stala nejdynami\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm oborem meteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu. Podle \u00farovn\u011b organizace leteck\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby pat\u0159ilo \u010ceskoslovensko k nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm. Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ed 80 lety, v roce 1926, tedy po p\u011bti letech od jej\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed, nastaly v jej\u00ed praktick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti pozoruhodn\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1. od \u010dervence 1926 byly zavedeny tzv. objedn\u00e1vac\u00ed telegramy, jimi\u017e se pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed hl\u00eddky \u017e\u00e1daly o zasl\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o po\u010das\u00ed v jin\u00e9m \u010dase, ne\u017e vypl\u00fdvalo z letov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. V \u0161ifrovan\u00e9m stavu se pozorovatel\u016fm sd\u011blovalo datum a \u010das po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, obsah zpr\u00e1vy a adresa, na kterou m\u00e1 b\u00fdt jejich zpr\u00e1va odesl\u00e1na. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem bylo mo\u017eno zabezpe\u010dovat mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 lety, pro kter\u00e9 by jin\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy ji\u017e nemusely b\u00fdt aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2. od \u010dervna 1926 byly zavedeny tzv. n\u00e1rodn\u00ed depe\u0161e leteck\u00e9, pravideln\u00e9 hodinov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, vys\u00edlan\u00e9 v denn\u00ed dob\u011b v\u0161em dom\u00e1c\u00edm i zahrani\u010dn\u00edm pos\u00e1dk\u00e1m. Obsahovaly jednak \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 depe\u0161e podle letov\u00fdm \u0159\u00e1d\u016f, jednak mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 leteck\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o zm\u011bn\u00e1ch, \u010dili ve\u0161ker\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd byl k dispozici, nikoliv jen zpr\u00e1vy z r\u016fzn\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f a zas\u00edlan\u00e9 na ur\u010ditou adresu. Toto opat\u0159en\u00ed si vynutila zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se hustota letov\u00e9ho provozu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">3. V roce 1926 vydal St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav meteorologick\u00fd v\u00a0Praze prvn\u00ed n\u00e1vod k pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmu hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pro leteck\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely [1] ur\u010den\u00fd leteck\u00fdm pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm stanic\u00edm. Rozum\u011bly se jimi jak leteck\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed hl\u00eddky p\u0159i po\u0161t\u00e1ch, tak meteorologick\u00e9 stanice \u00fastavu, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bly i jin\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u00e1vod obsahoval p\u0159edpisy pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a kl\u00ed\u010de \u0161ifer pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, op\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch se jen o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed bez p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. Tvar hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed byl normalizov\u00e1n Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komis\u00ed pro letectv\u00ed (CINA), subkomis\u00ed pro meteorologii. P\u0159edt\u00edm \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 stanice pou\u017e\u00edvaly jednoduch\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu pro meteorologick\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ji\u017e od roku 1922, kter\u00e9 bylo inovov\u00e1no v roce 1924. Jeho dodatkem bylo pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed obla\u010dnosti v horsk\u00fdch oblastech, kter\u00e9 navrhl G. Swoboda a kter\u00e9 postupn\u011b p\u0159ijaly i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby a stalo se i sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch k\u00f3d\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Literatura<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] N\u00e1vod k pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmu hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pro leteckou dopravu, 1926. Praha: St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav meteorologick\u00fd, P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka VIII. N\u00e1kl. ministerstva ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prac\u00ed. 39 s., p\u0159\u00edl.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] SWOBODA, G., 1928. Slu\u017eba pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed leteck\u00e9ho provozu. In: st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav meteorologick\u00fd v prv\u00e9m desetilet\u00ed republiky 1918\u20131928. Praha: St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav meteorologick\u00fd publ. \u0159ady C, svazek I. s. 48\u201365.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[3] Pades\u00e1t let \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby (red. B. Sob\u00ed\u0161ek), 1969. Praha: Hydrometeoro1ogick\u00fd \u00fastav. 64 s.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Karel Kr\u0161ka, MZ 2006\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 59, str. 171<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nejprve si p\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 leteck\u00e1 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed slu\u017eba p\u0159i St\u00e1tn\u00edm \u00fastavu meteorologick\u00e9m v Praze byla z\u0159\u00edzena v roce 1921 a \u017ee v roce n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm byla zalo\u017eena zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 pro [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12258","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12258"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12263,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12258\/revisions\/12263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}