{"id":12224,"date":"2025-01-09T18:42:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T17:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=12224"},"modified":"2025-01-09T18:45:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T17:45:20","slug":"reorganizace-stanicni-site-v-roce-1961","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/reorganizace-stanicni-site-v-roce-1961\/","title":{"rendered":"Reorganizace stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v roce 1961"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12224\" class=\"elementor elementor-12224\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-391cf40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"391cf40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e22a98\" data-id=\"7e22a98\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4cd86b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4cd86b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><h2><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Po z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pracech \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 klimatologie k nov\u00fdm \u00fakol\u016fm<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e v r. 1919 mlad\u00fd meteorolog PhDr. Alois Gregor, kter\u00fd se letos v \u010dervenci do\u017eil sedmdes\u00e1tky, nastoupil v tehdy vznik\u00adl\u00e9m St\u00e1tn\u00edm meteorologick\u00e9m \u00fastavu, byl pov\u011b\u0159en \u00fakolem za\u00adlo\u017eit s\u00ed\u0165 meteorologick\u00fdch stanic a vybudovat \u010deskoslovenskou klimatologii.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">S\u00ed\u0165 stanic byla vybudov\u00e1na na poz\u016fstatc\u00edch s\u00edti v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho a budape\u0161\u0165sk\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu. Koncem roku 1919 zas\u00edlalo v\u00fdsledky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed 19 stanic, ale se z\u00e1znamy, kter\u00e9 do\u0161ly pozd\u011bji dodate\u010dn\u011b, bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 publikovat v prv\u00e9 ro\u010dence (1919) celkem 52 stanic z Cech a Moravy; na Slovensku praco\u00advalo v t\u00e9 dob\u011b asi 20 stanic. V roce 1950, kdy dr. Gregor je posledn\u011b uveden na meteorologick\u00fdch ro\u010denk\u00e1ch jako redaktor, byly ji\u017e publikov\u00e1ny v\u00fdsledky meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z 504 stanic. Srovn\u00e1me-li ro\u010denky meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, mus\u00edme konstatovat, \u017ee m\u00e1me jednu z nejhust\u0161\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed v Evrop\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na\u0161e s\u00ed\u0165 klimatologick\u00fdch stanic je zalo\u017eena p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na pr\u00e1ci dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f. Je kladn\u00fdm zjevem, \u017ee je u n\u00e1s mnoho a mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed z \u017eiv\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu pracuj\u00ed jako meteoro\u00adlogi\u010dt\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 za nepatrnou n\u00e1hradu, mnoz\u00ed z nich ob\u011btav\u011b a nezi\u0161tn\u011b pracuj\u00ed i velmi dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta; p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u011bmto na\u0161im dobrovoln\u00fdm pozorovatel\u016fm vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme za to, \u017ee m\u00e1me ji\u017e dnes velmi bohat\u00fd klimatologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1kladem ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u00fastavu. Nep\u0159\u00edznivou str\u00e1nkou v\u011bci je to, \u017ee p\u0159i syst\u00e9mu dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f se nepracuje p\u0159esn\u011b podle pot\u0159eb klimatologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, n\u00fdbr\u017e sp\u00ed\u0161e podle z\u00e1jmu pozorovatel\u016f. T\u00edm se stalo, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech vzniklo na pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e9 plo\u0161e mnoho stanic, zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch oblastech bylo na po\u00adm\u011brn\u011b velik\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b stanic, ne\u017e by vy\u017eado\u00advala skute\u010dn\u00e1 klimatologick\u00e1 pot\u0159eba.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Proto p\u0159istoupil Hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav v roce 1961 k re\u00adorganizaci pozorovac\u00ed slu\u017eby tak, aby se stanice rozm\u00edstily rovno\u00adm\u011brn\u011b ve v\u0161ech oblastech a v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch p\u00e1smech cel\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. P\u0159i tom se celkov\u00fd po\u010det stanic sn\u00ed\u017eil.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010clen\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b klimatologick\u00fdch stanic se p\u0159i reorganizaci pro\u00advedlo podle z\u00e1sad Technick\u00fdch pravidel Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dlenem je \u010ceskoslovensko od jej\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed. Ve smyslu nov\u00fdch Technick\u00fdch pravidel Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, kter\u00e1 plat\u00ed od 1. ledna 1961, se d\u011bl\u00ed klimatologick\u00e9 stanice na: a) z\u00e1kladn\u00ed, b) dopl\u0148kov\u00e9, c) sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00e9, d) \u00fa\u010de\u00adlov\u00e9. Na \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161eho st\u00e1tu se pl\u00e1nuje celkem 90 stanic z\u00e1klad\u00adn\u00edch a 180 stanic dopl\u0148kov\u00fdch, tak\u017ee na 270 stanic\u00edch v republice bude mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat v\u0161echny zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti pr\u016fb\u011bhu po\u010das\u00ed. T\u00edm bude z\u00edsk\u00e1n posta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed podkladov\u00fd materi\u00e1l jak pro klimatologickou posudkovou slu\u017ebu v\u0161ech druh\u016f, tak i pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pl\u00e1novit\u011b se prov\u00e1d\u00ed i rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic, kter\u00fdch bude na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed celkem 1322; pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto stanic budeme moci dob\u0159e sledovat v\u0161echny aspekty sr\u00e1\u00ad\u017eek pro informov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161eho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, studovat v\u0161echny podrobnosti v rozd\u011blen\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek v na\u0161em \u010dlenit\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu p\u0159i rozli\u010dn\u00fdch typech pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch situac\u00ed i zajistit v\u0161echny pot\u0159eby na\u0161\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 prognosn\u00ed slu\u017eby. Pokud jde o tzv. \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 stanice, z\u0159izuj\u00ed se, jak ji\u017e n\u00e1zev ukazuje, pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch d\u011bj\u016f jen pro pot\u0159ebu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f; obvykle maj\u00ed tyto stanice jen kr\u00e1tkou \u017eivotnost. Pro pot\u0159ebu trval\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu i pro pot\u0159eby praxe se z\u0159izuj\u00ed krom\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch typ\u016f stanic je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed stanice, nap\u0159. pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed oz\u00f3nu v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed slo\u017eek z\u00e1\u0159eni, pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed radioaktivity vzduchu, stanice mikroklimatick\u00e9 apod. Stanice tohoto speci\u00e1ln\u00edho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se z\u0159izuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00edch stanic\u00edch s profesion\u00e1ln\u00edmi pozorovateli, aby bylo l\u00e9pe zaji\u0161t\u011bno pln\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch pot\u0159eb toho kter\u00e9ho oboru.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pozorovac\u00ed term\u00edny na stanic\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch i dopl\u0148kov\u00fdch z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed, jak bylo doposud obvykl\u00e9 v cel\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, 7, 14 a 21 hodin m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dasu; pozorovac\u00ed term\u00edny ostatn\u00edch druh\u016f klimatologick\u00fdch stanic se p\u0159edpisuj\u00ed podle \u00fa\u010delu, jak\u00e9mu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed stanice slou\u017e\u00ed. Pozorovac\u00ed term\u00edny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a do\u00adpl\u0148kov\u00fdch stanic v na\u0161em rozlo\u017een\u00ed na rann\u00ed, popoledn\u00ed a ve\u00ad\u010dern\u00ed hodiny maj\u00ed poskytnout materi\u00e1l pro pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed re\u017eim dne, pro ur\u010den\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch hodnot jednotliv\u00fdch meteorologic\u00adk\u00fdch prvk\u016f i hodnot extr\u00e9mn\u00edch. To ale zna\u010dnou m\u011brou umo\u017e\u00ad\u0148uj\u00ed zjistit i z\u00e1znamy samopisn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. V metodice pozo\u00adrov\u00e1n\u00ed je klimatologie konzervativn\u00ed; je tu velk\u00e1 setrva\u010dnost a snaha, aby se z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed daly vz\u00e1jemn\u011b srov\u00adn\u00e1vat, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 po p\u0159esn\u00e9m vyhodnocen\u00ed sledovat se\u00adkul\u00e1rn\u00ed zm\u011bny podneb\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed oblasti. Modern\u00ed \u017eivot v\u0161ak sv\u00fdmi n\u00e1roky na vyu\u017eit\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu na odpo\u010dinek, rekreaci, kulturu a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b zt\u011b\u017euje dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorovac\u00edch ter\u00adm\u00edn\u016f, zejm\u00e9na ve ve\u010dern\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, u pozorovatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tuto \u010dinnost nekonaj\u00ed jako sv\u00e9 zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159i revizi v\u00fdkaz\u016f stanic se \u010dasto zjist\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky nebyly skute\u010dn\u011b napozorovan\u00e9, n\u00fdbr\u017e \u201eodvozen\u00e9&#8221;, a\u0165 u\u017e z registra\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1znamu, \u010di pouh\u00fdm odhadem. Na posledn\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 konferenci bylo ji\u017e disku\u00adtov\u00e1no o mo\u017enostech, jak dos\u00e1hnout c\u00edle term\u00ednov\u00fdch pozoro\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed, tj. zachytit pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed re\u017eim dne se v\u0161emi jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u00adnostmi, p\u0159i jin\u00fdch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edch pozorovac\u00edch term\u00edn\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee praktick\u00fd \u017eivot a nutnost zv\u00fd\u0161it hodnov\u011brnost v\u00fdsledk\u016f mete\u00adorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed si vynut\u00ed revizi pozorovac\u00edch term\u00edn\u016f tak, aby \u010dasov\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9pe vyhovovalo \u017eivotn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m dne\u0161n\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka. Je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee zm\u011bna pozoro\u00advac\u00edch term\u00edn\u016f by si vy\u017e\u00e1dala p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 studie o denn\u00edm chodu jednotliv\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch prvk\u016f v z\u00e1vislosti na poloze m\u00edsta a \u017ee by z\u00e1sadn\u011b na sekul\u00e1rn\u00edch stanic\u00edch musely b\u00fdt zachov\u00e1ny dosavadn\u00ed term\u00edny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00edm, ale v podstat\u011b sch\u016fdn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem klimatologie v obo\u00adru stani\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed je zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed stanic; \u00fastav ji\u017e vypracoval a v\u011bdecko-ekonomick\u00e1 rada \u00fastavu schv\u00e1lila nor\u00admativ p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed v\u0161ech druh\u016f stanic. Realizace je jen ot\u00e1zkou materi\u00e1ln\u00ed. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed se zav\u00e1d\u011bt i n\u011bkter\u00e9 automatick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byly vypracov\u00e1ny z\u00e1sady a sm\u011brnice pro z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed stanic a pro kontrolu a inspekci stanic. Pl\u00e1nuje se vydat v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b i nov\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy pro slu\u017ebu pozorovac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdsledky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b stanic jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edm podkladem pro ve\u0161kerou \u010dinnost klimatologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. V\u00fdsledky se kon\u00adtroluj\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed a slou\u017e\u00ed pak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017ebu. Krom\u011b toho se publikuj\u00ed v ro\u010denk\u00e1ch. Tak\u00e9 na tomto poli se ji\u017e p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 reformy sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed ke zkva\u00adlitn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, k \u00faspo\u0159e \u010dasu a k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivnosti.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je\u0161t\u011b v tomto roce vybuduje Hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav mo\u00addern\u00ed strojn\u011b po\u010detn\u00ed stanici dokonale vybavenou v\u00fdkonn\u00fdmi d\u011brno\u0161t\u00edtkov\u00fdmi stroji na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informaci. Funkce strojn\u011b po\u010detn\u00ed stanice se projev\u00ed v n\u011bkolika oborech. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ji\u017e v po\u010detn\u00ed kontrole pozorovac\u00edho materi\u00e1lu ze stanic: strojov\u00e1 po\u010detn\u00ed kontrola u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed lidskou pr\u00e1ci, zkr\u00e1t\u00ed \u010dasy a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed po\u010det chyb. Krom\u011b toho umo\u017en\u00ed stroje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f do po\u00adt\u0159ebn\u00fdch p\u0159ehled\u016f a tabulek, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se podstatn\u011b usnadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprava ro\u010denek a jin\u00fdch publikac\u00ed. A kone\u010dn\u011b se tyto stroje velmi dob\u0159e uplatn\u00ed p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli druhu \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9ho mate\u00adri\u00e1lu. V klimatologii umo\u017en\u00ed nejen rychl\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed klasick\u00fdch zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed enormn\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, ze\u00adjm\u00e9na velmi dlouh\u00fdch pozorovac\u00edch \u0159ad, ale i jin\u00e9 druhy sta\u00adtistik, testy materi\u00e1l\u016f, pravd\u011bpodobnosti, umo\u017en\u00ed rychl\u00e9 zpra\u00adcov\u00e1n\u00ed libovoln\u00fdch komplex\u016f hodnot a t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edch interval\u016f apod.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ve vlastn\u00ed klimatologii byly doposud krom\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch men\u0161\u00edch i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed vypracov\u00e1na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u00edla klimatografie: Atlas podneb\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky (vyd\u00e1n v r. 1958) a Pod\u00adneb\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 republiky &#8211; Tabulky (1961). Jako pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch prac\u00ed pl\u00e1nuje Hydro\u00admeteorologick\u00fd \u00fastav vydat je\u0161t\u011b jedno dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 d\u00edlo celo\u00adst\u00e1tn\u00edho i \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdznamu, kter\u00e9 bude obsahovat zhodnocen\u00ed podnebn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f \u010cSSR, zejm\u00e9na tepeln\u00e9 slo\u017eky klimatu na\u00ad\u0161eho st\u00e1tu, dynamicko-klimatick\u00e9 charakteristiky, v\u0161eobecn\u011b klimatologick\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed v\u0161ech z\u00e1kladn\u00edch klimatologick\u00fdch prvk\u016f v jejich zm\u011bn\u00e1ch s v\u00fd\u0161kou a zem\u011bpisnou \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou, denn\u00ed chod jednotliv\u00fdch prvk\u016f a \u010detnosti v\u00fdskytu n\u011bkter\u00fdch dat publi\u00adkovan\u00fdch v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch d\u00edlech. S vyd\u00e1n\u00edm t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 v z. 1966.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Krom\u011b klimatologick\u00e9ho zhodnocen\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00edho jev\u00ed se nut\u00adn\u00fdm p\u0159ipravovat studie klimatick\u00e9ho zhodnocen\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed. P\u0159itom je t\u0159eba u klimatologick\u00fdch prvk\u016f zji\u0161\u0165ovat \u010detnosti v\u00fd\u00adskytu, aby se mohla ur\u010dit pravd\u011bpodobnost jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fb\u011bhu po\u010das\u00ed, d\u00e1le ur\u010dit, zda dan\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed je v mez\u00edch norm\u00e1lu, nebo jej p\u0159ekro\u010duje \u010di nedosahuje, zda ur\u010dit\u00e9 hodnoty, resp. intervaly hodnot se vyskytuj\u00ed jednou za 4 roky nebo 10 let apod. P\u0159i klimatologick\u00e9m zhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch oblast\u00ed nen\u00ed dosud zji\u0161t\u011bn vliv expozice ter\u00e9nu na pr\u016fb\u011bh jednotliv\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Po\u017eadavky praxe v tomto sm\u011bru vy\u017eaduj\u00ed za\u0159adit do pl\u00e1nu pr\u00e1ce klimatologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby studie podobn\u00e9ho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed; zejm\u00e9na raj\u00f3nov\u00e9 studie jednotliv\u00fdch organizac\u00ed mus\u00ed se op\u00edrat ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci o zhodnocen\u00ed klimatologick\u00e9 a nikoli o od\u00adhady, jak se dosud \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tak\u00e9 v dynamick\u00e9 klimatologii, p\u0159esto\u017ee se doposud p\u011bstuje na pracovi\u0161t\u00edch Akademie a v oboru synoptick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, bude t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st klimatologick\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstev ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nad na\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm s pou\u017eit\u00edm materi\u00e1l\u016f jak z aerologick\u00fdch po\u00adzorov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak z vysokohorsk\u00fdch stanic.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Bude t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it pr\u00e1ce v oboru z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, pro n\u011b\u017e klimatologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba ji\u017e shroma\u017e\u010fuje pot\u0159ebn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. V tomto oboru bude jist\u011b velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, kterou pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b, nebo\u0165 v\u00fdznam energetick\u00e9 bi\u00adlance st\u00e1le stoup\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159ada \u00fakol\u016f, jimi\u017e se mus\u00ed klimatologie zab\u00fdvat, jsou \u00fako\u00adly, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme ozna\u010dit jako \u00fakoly netradi\u010dn\u00ed. Jsou to pr\u00e1ce z tzv. technick\u00e9 klimatologie, posudky pro v\u00fdvozn\u00ed organizace, kde zhodnocov\u00e1n\u00edm klimatologick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f nebo klimatolo\u00adgick\u00fdch prvk\u016f pro v\u00fdvozn\u00ed oblasti, zejm\u00e9na tropick\u00e9 a subtro\u00adpick\u00e9, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 klimatologie p\u0159ipravit na\u0161e v\u00fdrobky tak, aby vy\u00adhovovaly provozu v tamn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mohutn\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba pr\u016fmyslu a velk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f vy\u017eaduje ochranu p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdm vlivem exhalac\u00ed. I zde je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada nov\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f pro klimatologii.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nov\u00fdm \u00fakolem je tak\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed radioaktivity vzduchu. V tom\u00adto oboru teprve za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm \u00fakolem je tak\u00e9 vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatografi\u00ed nejv\u00edce zalidn\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed: hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy a stotis\u00edcov\u00fdch m\u011bst, Brna, Bratislavy, Ostravy, Plzn\u011b a pop\u0159. Ko\u0161ic. Je to \u00fakol roz\u00ads\u00e1hl\u00fd, pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed existuje ji\u017e dosti podkladov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a je jen ot\u00e1zkou pl\u00e1nu pr\u00e1ce bu\u010f HMU, nebo v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch pra\u00adcovi\u0161\u0165 Akademie nebo vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol, aby mohl b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mluv\u00ed-li se o meteorologii a klimatologii, v\u017edy v\u0161echny z\u00e1\u00adjemce o tyto odbory nejv\u00edce zaj\u00edm\u00e1 progn\u00f3za. Nejde v\u0161ak ji\u017e jen o p\u0159edpov\u011bdi synoptick\u00e9, ale zejm\u00e9na dlouhodob\u00e9, a dokonce o p\u0159edpov\u011bdi velmi dlouhodob\u00e9: nejen m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed a sez\u00f3nn\u00ed, ale o p\u0159edpov\u011bdi na rok i desetilet\u00ed. Zde \u010dek\u00e1 hlavn\u011b v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pra\u00adcovn\u00edky mnoho budovatelsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159i dokon\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch klasick\u00fdch klimatologick\u00fdch d\u011bl Atlasu podneb\u00ed a Tabulek jsme mnohdy sly\u0161eli, \u017ee t\u011bmito d\u00edly prakticky kon\u010d\u00ed \u00fakoly klimatologie a \u017ee je probl\u00e9mem, jak\u00fdmi \u00fakoly se bude d\u00e1le klimatologie zab\u00fdvat. Neoby\u010dejn\u00fd r\u016fst na\u00ad\u0161eho socialistick\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 jasn\u011b na tuto ot\u00e1zku hned celou \u0159adu odpov\u011bd\u00ed, \u017eivot a praxe stav\u011bj\u00ed ji\u017e dnes mnoho po\u017eadavk\u016f, jak je z v\u00fd\u0161e na\u010drtnut\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f patrno.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>\u0160t. Petrovi\u010d \u2013 A. Veseck\u00fd, MZ 1962\/3-4, ro\u010dn\u00edk 15, str. 53-54<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pracech \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 klimatologie k nov\u00fdm \u00fakol\u016fm Kdy\u017e v r. 1919 mlad\u00fd meteorolog PhDr. Alois Gregor, kter\u00fd se letos v \u010dervenci do\u017eil sedmdes\u00e1tky, nastoupil v tehdy vznik\u00adl\u00e9m St\u00e1tn\u00edm meteorologick\u00e9m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12224","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12224"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12224\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12228,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12224\/revisions\/12228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}