{"id":12056,"date":"2025-01-06T18:17:10","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T17:17:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=12056"},"modified":"2025-01-06T18:19:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T17:19:16","slug":"20-rokov-vyskumu-lesnickej-klimatologie-u-vulhm","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/20-rokov-vyskumu-lesnickej-klimatologie-u-vulhm\/","title":{"rendered":"20 ROKOV V\u00ddSKUMU LESN\u00cdCKEJ KLIMATOL\u00d3GIE U V\u00daLHM"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12056\" class=\"elementor elementor-12056\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce27aae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ce27aae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4793a0b\" data-id=\"4793a0b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b6ae03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b6ae03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Uplynulo 20 rokov od zalo\u017eenia Laborat\u00f3ria lesn\u00edckej klimato\u00adl\u00f3gie V\u00daLHM. Jeho vznikom k 1. 1. 1956 bol vytvo\u0159en\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre nov\u016f etapu v\u00fdvoja \u010ds. lesn\u00edckej klimatol\u00f3gie resp. bioklima\u00adtologie. Charakterizuje ju zakladanie v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch objektov jednak pre dlhodob\u00e9 sledovanie mezo- a mikroklimatick\u00fdch pomerov lesn\u00fdch ruban\u00ed a pol\u00e1n v\u010d\u00edtane zis\u0165ovania ich vodn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a jednak pre z\u00edskavanie poznatkov o mikrokl\u00edme lesn\u00fdch porastov z hladiska ich vyu\u017eitia pre pestovn\u00fa prax a k potvrdeniu v\u00fdznamu lesnick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v porastoch zo \u0161ir\u0161ieho hladiska dialkov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkov lesov &#8211; ochrany a tvorby krajiny.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do za\u010diatku \u0161es\u0165desiatych rokov bol v\u00fdsk\u016fm zameran\u00fd na sledovanie mikroklimatick\u00e9ho a vodn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu r\u00faban\u00ed, k \u010domu bol vybudovan\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00fd objekt B\u011bdovice vo v\u00fdch. \u010cech\u00e1ch (1954 \u2014 1963). V \u00fazkej spolupr\u00e1ci s odd\u011blen\u00edm pestovania lesov V\u00daLHM bol rie\u0161en\u00fd probl\u00e9m prostredia pre obnovu borovi\u00adcov\u00fdch monokultur. Okrem poznatkov ekologick\u00e9ho pos\u00fadenia vhodnosti r\u00faban\u00ed r\u00f3zneho charakteru pre mlad\u00fa gener\u00e1ciu d\u0159evin boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 cenn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky aj z hladiska poznania mikrokl\u00edmy a rozvoja mikroklimatol\u00f3gie. Mo\u017eno spomen\u00fa\u0165 napr. po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t u n\u00e1s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 metody vy\u0161\u0161ej matematickej statistiky pre spracovanie mikroklimatick\u00fdch \u00fadajov, vyu\u017eitie princ\u00edpov komplexneklimatologick\u00fdch v mikroklimatickej sf\u00e9\u0159e, metodu p\u0159e\u00adpo\u010dtu mikroklimatick\u00fdch \u00fadajov z relat. kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch meran\u00ed na dlh\u00e9 klimatologick\u00e9 obdobie, kon\u0161trukciu pr\u00edstroja pre meranie denn\u00e9ho obl\u00faku Slnka (\u010ds. patent) a mal\u00e9ho zr\u00e1\u017ekomeru pre ekologick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie v ter\u00e9ne.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Objekt B\u011bdovice so svojimi dlhodob\u00fdmi meraniami intercep\u010dn\u00fdch str\u00e1t zr\u00e1\u017ekovej vody, vlastn\u00fdmi meraniami zr\u00e1\u017eok a v\u00fdskumom syst\u00e9mu pr\u00fadenia vzduchu v priestoroch r\u00faban\u00ed, ale i \u0161t\u00fadium snehovej pokr\u00fdvky v porastoch a v r\u00fabani p\u0159edstavuje v mnoh\u00fdch smeroch velmi podrobn\u00e9 a pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 najdlh\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadium tejto problematiky, \u010do umo\u017enilo podat&#8217; preukazn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 u prvkov, kde kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 alebo jedno \u2014 a\u017e niekotko sez\u00f3nn\u011b merania mo\u017eu prinies\u0165 skreslen\u00e9 \u00fadaje vplyvom pove-ternostn\u00fdch podmienok. Desa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00fd rad meran\u00ed na mikrokli\u00admatick\u00fdch po\u010detn\u00fdch stani\u010dk\u00e1ch objektu B\u011bdovice umo\u017enil rie\u0161enie dal\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zok mikroklimatologickej metodiky. Porovnanie radu z\u00e1kladnej meteorologickej stanice na velkej enkl\u00e1v\u011b voln\u00e9ho priestranstva medzi lesmi (pol\u00e1na o rozlohe 30 ha) s radom reprezentat\u00edvneho observat\u00f3ria HM\u00da Nov\u00fd Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 umo\u017enilo nahliadnu\u0165 do re\u017eimu mezokl\u00edmy a viedlo i k defin\u00edciam mikro\u00adkl\u00edmy a mezokl\u00edmy, ktor\u00e9 sa postupn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 i v u\u010debniciach.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po roku 1960 \u0165a\u017eisko v\u00fdskumu Laborat\u00f3ria sa prenieslo v \u00fazkej spolupr\u00e1ci s odborom pestovania lesov do polohy stredohorskej. Na pokusnej ploch\u00e9 \u0160erlich v Orlick\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch \u0161lo opa\u0165 o mikro\u00adklimatick\u00fd a vodn\u00fd re\u017eim z hladiska obnovy horsk\u00fdch smre\u010d\u00edn a zasa dlh\u00fd rad meran\u00ed (1962\u20141974) priniesol cenn\u00e9 podklady pre pestovanie. Okrem \u0161t\u00fadii cirkumglob\u00e1lneho \u017eiarenia (ponuka tepla) bol v\u0161ak program zameran\u00fd na procesy, ktor\u00e9 z tamoj\u0161\u00edch lesov vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa d\u00f3le\u017eit\u00e9ho \u010dinitela krajinotvorn\u00e9ho, tj. na ich \u00fa\u010dinky v sf\u00e9\u0159e hydrometeorologickej se zretelom na vodn\u00fa a vodohospod\u00e1rsku funkciu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u00f3le\u017eitej\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky z tohto v\u00fdskumu z hladiska pr\u00ednosov pre aplikovan\u00fa meteorol\u00f3giu boli uplatn\u011bn\u00e9 v anal\u00fdze intercep\u010dn\u00fdch procesov v stredohorskom lese, v \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch o v\u00fdskyte a mno\u017estve horizont\u00e1ln\u00fdch zr\u00e1\u017eok z hmly, o vz\u0165ahoch horizont\u00e1lnych zr\u00e1\u017eok k synoptick\u00fdm poveternostn\u00fdm situ\u00e1ci\u00e1m a opa\u0165 v \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdch pozorovan\u00ed snehovej pokr\u00fdvky v porastoch a v r\u00fabaniach.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Komplexn\u011b zhodnoten\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky hydrometeorologick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadii sa stali podkladom pre prv\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 \u00favahy o mo\u017enostiach riadi\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinky lesov na ob\u011bh vody v povodiach v s\u00falade s vodo\u00adhospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebami. Narastaj\u00face poznatky na jednej stran\u011b a trend nesporn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja potrieb spolo\u010dnosti na druhej stran\u011b viedol pracovn\u00edkov Laborat\u00f3ria od r 1965\/66 k intenz\u00edvnej p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b podmienok pre aplik\u00e1ciu v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatkov z u\u017eitej meteorol\u00f3gie v tomto sm\u011bre a pre rozvoj \u0161peci\u00e1lneho v\u00fdskumu. Nesk\u00f3r opieraj\u00fac sa o uznesenia XIV. zjazdu KS\u010c, ktor\u00fd t\u00fdmto ide\u00e1m otvoril do\u0161iroka cestu, boli na z\u00e1klade u\u017e z\u00edskan\u00e9ho mate\u00adri\u00e1lu p\u0159epracovan\u00e9 mo\u017enosti nov\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch sp\u00f3sobov v lesoch podia modelov\u00e9ho projektu na podn\u011bt KNV V\u00fdchodo\u00ad\u010desk\u00e9ho kraja pre 21 000 ha lesnej plochy Orlick\u00fdch hor a podhoria.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Od r. 1971 sa s\u00fastreduje pozornos\u0165 na nov\u016f geografick\u00fa oblas\u0165 k prehlbovan\u00ed komplexn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fadia hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho a hydrick\u00e9ho re\u017eima lesa pahorkatin. Rozv\u00edja sa budovanie Pokusnej plochy \u017delivka ako modelov\u00e9ho objektu pre smrekov\u00e9 porasty a smrekov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo v tejto najd\u00f3le\u017eitej\u0161ej produk\u010dnej oblasti \u010cSR. Na objekte experiment\u00e1lneho povodia v perimetre vod\u00e1renskej n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u017delivka sa za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 s rozsiahl\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00fadiami intercep\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu v smrekov\u00fdch porastoch rozli\u010dn\u00fdch v\u011bkov\u00fdch stup\u0148ov a z\u00e1poja, buduje sa gradientov\u00e1 ve\u017ea k pozn\u00e1vaniu porastnej biokl\u00edmy a k \u0161t\u00fadiu radia\u010dnej, tepelnej a vodnej bilancie smre\u010d\u00edn, a to v n\u00e1vaznosti na v\u00fdsk\u016fm hydrologie mal\u00e9ho povodia a na \u0161t\u00fadie produkcie drevnej hmoty. O hodnot\u011b teito etapy v\u00fdskumu prof. A. A. Mol\u010danov, sovietsky vl\u00e1dny expert, v roku 1974 p\u0159ehl\u00e1sil, \u017ee vypracovan\u00e9 z\u00e1sady vazieb lesn\u00e9ho a vodn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 v RVHP za najprogres\u00edvnej\u0161ie.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Okrem v\u00fdskumnej a vedeckej pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00e1 p\u0159ekro\u010dila rezortn\u00fa t\u00e9matiku, pracovn\u00edci Laborat\u00f3ria zasiahli v uplynul\u00fdch rokoch velmi podstatn\u00e9 do v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u017eivota u n\u00e1s. Niektor\u00ed st\u00e1li u zro\u00addu a podstatn\u00e9 sa podiefali na pr\u00e1ci odborn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov \u010cSAV (Bioklimatologickej komisie \u010cSAV, Odbornej skupiny \u010cs. me\u00adteorologickej spolo\u010dnosti pri \u010cSAV, na riadeniu ideovej a odbor\u00adnej pr\u00e1ce \u010cs. bioklimatologickej spolo\u010dnosti).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 v\u011bnovalo Laborat\u00f3rium aj p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b nov\u00fdch k\u00e1drov. Okrem dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdch riadnych predn\u00e1\u0161ok Z\u00e1kladov bio\u00adklimatologie na Pr\u00edrodovedeckej fakult\u011b KU v Prahe po prof. A. Gregorovi boli to p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky v riadnom i dialkovom \u0161t\u00fadiu vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol lesnick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru, v postgradu\u00e1lnych kurzoch \u010cVUT a V\u0160Z, na r\u00f3znych in\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1ch doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Laborat\u00f3rium udr\u017euje st\u00e1ly kontakt s mnoh\u00fdmi pracoviskami v celom sv\u011bte. Velmi \u00fazk\u00e9 z v\u00e1\u017eky m\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s krajinami RVHP, podiefa sa na propag\u00e1cii a spolupr\u00e1ci so ZSSR, \u010do u\u017e d\u00e1vnej\u0161ie v pa\u0165desiatych rokoch ocenil prof. Chromov. Dnes udr\u017euje Laborat\u00f3rium velmi t\u011bsn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s Laborat\u00f3riom lesnej tvorby AN ZSSR (prof. A. A. Mol\u010danov), s Vedecko-v\u00fdskumn\u00fdm \u00fastavom lesn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva Pu\u0161kino (Dr. Voronkov), so \u0160t\u00e1tnym hydrologick\u00fdm \u00fastavom v Leningrade (Dr. Fjodorov).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">I z tohto stru\u010dn\u00e9ho prehladu o pr\u00e1ci Laborat\u00f3ria v jeho dvadsa\u0165ro\u010dnom v\u00fdvoji mo\u017eno konstatovat&#8217;, \u017ee sa trend programov\u00fdch cielov nezm\u011bnil. Mo\u017eno pr\u00e1vom o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee pracovn\u00edci Labora\u00adt\u00f3ria lesn\u00edckej klimatol\u00f3gie V\u00daLHM (ved\u00faci ing. Vladim\u00edr Kre\u010dmer, CSc ) splnia ako po kvantitat\u00edvnej tak i kvalitat\u00edvnej str\u00e1nke v plnej miere v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 z\u00e1m\u011bry, opieraj\u00fac sa o bohat\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti, ktor\u00e9 z\u00edskali v priebehu celej dvadsa\u0165ro\u010dnej akt\u00edvnej \u010dinnosti. K tomu im t\u0159eba za\u017eela\u0165 vela zdaru a sil.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Robert Intribus, MZ 1976\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 29, str. 30-31<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uplynulo 20 rokov od zalo\u017eenia Laborat\u00f3ria lesn\u00edckej klimato\u00adl\u00f3gie V\u00daLHM. Jeho vznikom k 1. 1. 1956 bol vytvo\u0159en\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre nov\u016f etapu v\u00fdvoja \u010ds. lesn\u00edckej klimatol\u00f3gie resp. bioklima\u00adtologie. Charakterizuje ju zakladanie [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12056","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12056"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12060,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12056\/revisions\/12060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}