{"id":12048,"date":"2025-01-06T18:09:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T17:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=12048"},"modified":"2025-01-06T18:10:56","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T17:10:56","slug":"klimatologicka-stanicni-sit-a-jeji-perspektivni-vyvoj-v-ceskych-zemich-1976","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/klimatologicka-stanicni-sit-a-jeji-perspektivni-vyvoj-v-ceskych-zemich-1976\/","title":{"rendered":"KLIMATOLOGICK\u00c1 STANI\u010cN\u00cd S\u00cd\u0164 A JEJ\u00cd PERSPEK\u00adTIVN\u00cd V\u00ddVOJ V \u010cESK\u00ddCH ZEM\u00cdCH (1976)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12048\" class=\"elementor elementor-12048\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb2ce51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb2ce51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7595e1d\" data-id=\"7595e1d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e730a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e730a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed a nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stav<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V na\u0161\u00ed republice m\u00e1me jednu z nejdel\u0161\u00edch nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdch teplotn\u00edch \u0159ad v Evrop\u011b. Je to stanice v Praze-Klementinu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 zachov\u00e1na nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 denn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed od roku 1775 za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 homogenn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1.2 Za b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Rakouska &#8211; Uherska byla na \u00fazem\u00ed nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed republiky ji\u017e jednotn\u011b organizovan\u00e1 stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. Bylo zde n\u011bkolik profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch stanic (nap\u0159. m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st observato\u0159 ve Star\u00e9 \u010eale, nyn\u00ed Hurbanov\u011b, kde jsou zachov\u00e1na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed od roku 1871, publikovan\u00e1 od roku 1872) a d\u00e1le i cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dobro\u00advoln\u00fdch stanic (a\u017e 700), kter\u00e9 pozorovaly pouze za odm\u011bnu. Byly to stanice, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ily bu\u010f jen sr\u00e1\u017eky, nebo i stanice s rozs\u00e1hlej\u00ad\u0161\u00edm programem pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f, hlavn\u011b tep\u00adloty. Vybaven\u00ed stanic i term\u00edny pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byly unifikov\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1.3 Po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byla tato s\u00ed\u0165 za tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u010ceskoslo\u00advensk\u00e9 republiky obnovena a znovu postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena. Tak nap\u0159. vzrostl po\u010det klimatologick\u00fdch stanic z 68 v roce 1918 na 170 v roce 1928 a sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch z 1220 na 1757.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1.4 Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce z\u016fstal prakticky tento stav zacho\u00adv\u00e1n. V roce 1961 byla provedena odborn\u00e1 prov\u011brka po\u010dtu stanic a jejich mno\u017estv\u00ed bylo v cel\u00e9 \u010cSSR zredukov\u00e1no na cca 260 kli\u00admatologick\u00fdch stanic a sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch na 1520. Tento po\u010det, kter\u00fd bere z\u0159etel na konfiguraci \u010dlenit\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu u n\u00e1s, lze po\u00adva\u017eovat za dan\u00e9ho stavu, dan\u00e9 techniky a po\u017eadavk\u016f, za celkem vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed. \u0158ad\u00ed n\u00e1s podle z\u00edskan\u00fdch informac\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace ze 60 st\u00e1t\u016f sv\u011bta v z\u00e1klad\u00adn\u00edch a dopl\u0148kov\u00fdch klimatologick\u00fdch stanic\u00edch na 13. m\u00edsto a ve sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch dokonce na 8. m\u00edsto.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1.5 Nyn\u00ed je v \u010cSR (v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b) 882 t\u011bchto stanic, kter\u00e9 jsou delimitov\u00e1ny do men\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed v tomto kl\u00ed\u010di: A. \u010cechy: v p\u016fsobnosti Hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu (d\u00e1le jen HM\u00da) Praha, Klimatologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby je 263 stanic; v p\u016fsob\u00adnosti Pobo\u010dky HM\u00da \u00dast\u00ed n. L. je 113 stanic. B. Morava: V p\u016f\u00adsobnosti Pobo\u010dky HM\u00da Brno 190 a Pobo\u010dky HM\u00da Ostrava 118 stanic.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1.6 P\u016fvodn\u011b sta\u010dilo, kdy\u017e se podrobn\u011b sledovaly hlavn\u011b dva prvky: a to teplota a sr\u00e1\u017eky. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed prvk\u016f a teploty bylo sta\u00adnoveno ve t\u0159ech term\u00ednech, tj. v 7,14 a 21 hodin st\u0159edn\u00edho m\u00edst\u00adn\u00edho \u010dasu, a sr\u00e1\u017eek v 7 hodin. Krom\u011b toho mimo tuto klimatologickou stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 vznikly a vznikaly po prvn\u00ed a druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed stanice pro leteck\u00e9 a synoptick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, kter\u00e9 krom\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v klimatologick\u00fdch term\u00ednech, pozorovaly i v t\u0159\u00edhodinov\u00fdch, hodinov\u00fdch, p\u0159\u00edp. i p\u016flhodinov\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech, ale v \u010dase SE\u010c, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ily a registrovaly prvky pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed a leteck\u00fd provoz.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1.7 S\u00ed\u0165 profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch stanic je pro \u00fa\u010dely synoptick\u00e9 a leteck\u00e9 st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo hust\u00e1, proto se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let roz\u0161i\u0159ovala. Naposled tento v\u00fdvoj sledoval \u201eKomplexn\u00ed projekt reorganizace profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v \u010cesk\u00fdch zem\u00edch z roku 1969&#8243;. Ov\u0161em kvalitn\u00ed a podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace jsou nutn\u00e9 nejen pro leteck\u00fd provoz a synoptickou meteorologii, ale i pro \u00fa\u010dely n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Zde ekonomick\u00fd dopad poskyto\u00advan\u00fdch podrobn\u00fdch, kvalitn\u00edch informac\u00ed, a\u0165 ji\u017e operativn\u00edch nebo za ur\u010dit\u00e1 ucelen\u00e1 obdob\u00ed, p\u0159evy\u0161uje mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b aplikaci v leteck\u00e9 a synoptick\u00e9 meteorologii. P\u016fvodn\u00ed informace se zpra\u00adcov\u00e1valy jen z n\u011bkolika prvk\u016f a ve t\u0159ech uveden\u00fdch denn\u00edch \u010dasov\u00fdch term\u00ednech, co\u017e v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b nen\u00ed ji\u017e vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed, a proto je nutno zpracov\u00e1vat \u0159adu informac\u00ed z vybran\u00fdch profesio\u00adn\u00e1ln\u00edch stanic i z hodinov\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1.8 P\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed prvotn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f na m\u011b\u00ads\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdkazech prov\u00e1d\u011bli p\u0159\u00edmo pozorovatel\u00e9. Pozd\u011bji od roku 1964 p\u0159e\u0161la y HM\u00da tato prvotn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na strojn\u011b po\u010detn\u00ed stanici HM\u00da. A zde, i kdy\u017e \u0161lo o modern\u00ed techniku, nast\u00e1valy prvn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, a m\u00edsto aby se pr\u00e1ce urychlila, za\u010dalo opo\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed. Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bl \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se op\u00edraly hlavn\u011b o nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed a poruchovou zpracovatelskou techniku. Dal\u0161\u00ed komplikace nastaly po decentralizaci klimatologick\u00e9 sta\u00adni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a archivn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f na deta\u0161ovan\u00e9 \u00fatvary HM\u00da. Tento m\u00e1lo pru\u017en\u00fd stav, i kdy\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu bude zapojena nov\u00e1 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technika HM\u00da, v podstat\u011b potrv\u00e1, proto\u017ee je dan\u00fd existuj\u00edc\u00edmi skute\u010dnostmi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1.9 Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak bude zapojena nov\u00e1 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technika HM\u00da a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed bude pot\u0159ebovat nov\u00e9 progresivn\u00ed informace, zpracovan\u00e9 do velk\u00e9 hloubky a se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi statistick\u00fdmi ukazateli, je nutno zautomatizovat nejen zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, a na to \u00fazce navazuje perspektivn\u00ed pl\u00e1n automa\u00adtick\u00e9 stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v \u010cesk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/1976_stani%C4%8Dn%C3%AD%20s%C3%AD%C5%A5.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2. Perspektiva (Automatick\u00e1 stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 HM\u00da v \u010cSR)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2.1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do roku 1990 v\u010detn\u011b by pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bla prob\u00edhat dan\u00fdmi metodami, v dan\u00fdch term\u00ednech, stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Rovn\u011b\u017e i stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 by m\u011bla existovat v dan\u00e9m t\u0159\u00edparaleln\u00edm veden\u00ed, tj. jako leteck\u00e1, synoptick\u00e1 a klimatologick\u00e1 (v\u010detn\u011b agro). Vede k tomu i po\u017eadavek Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace, aby byla zachov\u00e1na nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 nejm\u00e9n\u011b do roku 1990, kdy bude mo\u017eno zjistit t\u0159icetilet\u00fd \u201enorm\u00e1l&#8221; nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot za obdob\u00ed 1961-1990.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2.2 Automatick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1ni dat, kter\u00e9 se nab\u00edz\u00ed v HM\u00da, bude m\u00edt jedin\u011b tehdy pln\u00fd v\u00fdznam, bude-li doprov\u00e1zeno automa\u00adtick\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a jejich p\u0159enosem na m\u00e9\u00addium, kter\u00e9 bude vhodn\u00e9 pro vstup do po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a pro dal\u0161\u00ed po\u00ad\u010detn\u00ed operace. Je ov\u0161em nutn\u00e9, aby data pokud mo\u017eno vch\u00e1zela poj\u00edtky p\u0159\u00edmo na vstup po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, proto mus\u00ed existovat centrali\u00adzace p\u0159\u00edjmu i archivace dat.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2.3 Praktick\u00fd d\u016fsledek p\u0159edchoz\u00edho zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed je, \u017ee od roku 1991 je nutno zru\u0161it dosavadn\u00ed syst\u00e9m stani\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed (tj. profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed synoptickou a leteckou a dobrovolnou klimatologickou) a nahradit ho syst\u00e9mem automatick\u00fdch pozorovac\u00edch stanic. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo chyb\u00e1m a p\u0159ehmat\u016fm (viz p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 zku\u00ad\u0161enosti), je nutno \u010d\u00e1st automatick\u00fdch stanic instalovat v p\u0159ed\u00adstihu a nechat je b\u011b\u017eet paraleln\u011b s dosavadn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem pozo\u00adrov\u00e1n\u00ed. U\u017e do roku 1980 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zakoupeny a instalov\u00e1ny 2\u2014 3 automatick\u00e9 stanice, kter\u00e9 by fungovaly soub\u011b\u017en\u011b na n\u011b\u00adkter\u00e9 profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed stanici s dosavadn\u00edm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V obdob\u00ed 1981 \u2014 1985 by m\u011blo b\u00fdt instalov\u00e1no dal\u0161\u00edch n\u011bkolik automatick\u00fdch stanic (asi v rozsahu dne\u0161n\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b) a v obdob\u00ed 1986 \u2014 1990 dopln\u011bn pln\u00fd po\u010det automatick\u00fdch stanic. Podle minimalistick\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f by m\u011blo b\u00fdt na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech a Moravy do roku 1990 alespo\u0148 153 stanic, aby cel\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 mohla dnem 1. ledna 1991 spustit naplno svou \u010dinnost. P\u0159i dosavadn\u00ed cen\u011b 1 automatick\u00e9 stanice (bez objektu) 400 000 K\u010ds z dovozu ze soc. zem\u00ed (vyr\u00e1b\u00ed je zat\u00edm SSSR a NDR a pracuje se na jejich unifikaci, a aby m\u011b\u0159ily v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 prvky) by bylo pot\u0159eba na celou automatickou s\u00ed\u0165 cca 61 200 000 K\u010ds, co\u017e se zd\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka. Ov\u0161em kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdom\u00edme, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u011b vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 HM\u00da na profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 cca 3 mili\u00f3ny K\u010ds a na dobrovolnou 2 mili\u00f3ny K\u010ds, tj. celkem 5 mili\u00f3n\u016f K\u010ds, byl by n\u00e1vrat investice za 12 rok\u016f. Ov\u0161em hodnota poskytovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed repre\u00adzentuje n\u011bkolik miliard K\u010ds ro\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e si zat\u00edm \u0159ada odpov\u011bd\u00adn\u00fdch \u010dinitel\u016f m\u00e1lo uv\u011bdomuje.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2.5 Aby do\u0161lo k hospod\u00e1rn\u00e9mu rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed automatick\u00fdch stanic, zpracoval autor ur\u010dit\u00e1 hlediska, kter\u00e1 byla k dispozici. Z nich vy\u0161el v\u00edce m\u00e9n\u011b kompromis minim\u00e1ln\u00edho po\u010dtu stanic a jejich rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed. Navr\u017een\u00e9 rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dogma a bylo by ho mo\u017eno m\u00edrn\u011b modifikovat. Ov\u0161em nelze p\u0159ipustit n\u00e1zory jednotliv\u00fdch z\u00e1jemc\u016f a jejich jednosm\u011brn\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed stanic. Autor p\u0159i rozm\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1zel z n\u00e1sledu\u00adj\u00edc\u00edch dispozi\u010dn\u00edch podklad\u016f: a) Klimat, rajonizace, b) z dan\u00e9ho a perspektivn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje pr\u016fmyslu, c) zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, d) dopravy, e) z hlediska proud\u011bn\u00ed a zvrstven\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry, f) z hledisek teore\u00adtick\u00fdch prac\u00ed o poli teploty a poli v\u011btru, g) z hlediska existuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b leteck\u00fdch a synoptick\u00fdch stanic (viz literatura).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2.6 V dal\u0161\u00edm m\u016f\u017eeme n\u00e1hodn\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody nov\u00e9 automatick\u00e9 stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b:<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdhody:<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">a) M\u00edsto dosavadn\u00edch 900 stanic by existovalo 153 stanic.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">b) \u00dadaje ze v\u0161ech stanic by byly komplexn\u00ed, s velkou \u010det\u00adnost\u00ed a p\u0159esnost\u00ed a hloubkou.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">c) V\u00fdstup z automatick\u00fdch stanic by byl p\u0159\u00edmo vstupem do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Naprost\u00e1 kontinuita a rychlost.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">d) \u0158ada subjektivn\u00edch pozorovac\u00edch faktor\u016f by byla na\u00adhrazena objektivn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nev\u00fdhody:<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">a) Men\u0161\u00ed zahu\u0161t\u011bnost s\u00edt\u011b (kompenzov\u00e1na ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e reprezentativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011brem).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">b) N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eba, v\u00fdstavba objekt\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">c) Automatick\u00e1 stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pro n\u011bkter\u00e1 kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 specifika musela b\u00fdt zahu\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1na (nap\u0159. sr\u00e1\u017eky pro \u00fa\u010dely hydrologie; pokud by se neuplatnily nov\u00e9 metody pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f z dru\u017eic, radar\u016f apod.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">3. Z\u00c1V\u011aR<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cl\u00e1nek m\u00e1 b\u00fdt provokuj\u00edc\u00edm zamy\u0161len\u00edm. To by bylo ov\u0161em m\u00e1lo. M\u00e1 b\u00fdt i n\u00e1vodem na realizaci, kter\u00e1 je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na a v sou\u00adladu nejen s dlouhodob\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem klimatologie, ale i s dlouho\u00addob\u00fdmi pl\u00e1ny po\u017eadavk\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Je celkem z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee odd\u011bl\u00edme-li od sebe automatick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat od automatick\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee se dopou\u0161t\u00edme z\u00e1sadn\u00ed chyby. Snad n\u00e1m p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed problematiku n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Co byn\u00e1m nap\u0159. byla platn\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 automatika zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed obil\u00ed, kdy\u00adbychom z\u00e1kladn\u00ed surovinu, obil\u00ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1vali metodami minul\u00fdch stolet\u00ed, tj. ru\u010dn\u00edm rozs\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00edm a skl\u00edzen\u00edm kosou. Je ov\u0161em, mysl\u00edm, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 po\u0159ad\u00ed krok\u016f, tj. \u017ee se prvn\u00ed automatizuje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat. Jsou zde toti\u017e za uplynul\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u201ez\u00e1\u00adsoby&#8221; pozorovac\u00edho materi\u00e1lu. Ale hned vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed, bez dlouh\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vky, mus\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat druh\u00fd logick\u00fd krok, tj. auto\u00admatizace pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, prvotn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, bez n\u011bho\u017e \u00fastav a t\u00edm i progresivn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee existovat. Vy\u00adkro\u010dit t\u00edmto sm\u011brem, kdy pro to je doba v\u00edc ne\u017e \u017ehav\u00e1, je nutno ihned. Za\u010dn\u011bme s rozvahou ale v\u010das. (Obr. Mapa autom. st. s\u00edt\u011b.)<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Literatura:<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] Atlas \u010cSSR. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed spr\u00e1va geografie a kartografie, Praha 1966.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] Coufal, L.: Klimatologick\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed mezn\u00ed vrstvy atmo\u00adsf\u00e9ry. Sborn\u00edk prac\u00ed HM\u00da, sv. 19, str. 82-129.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[3] Hrd\u00e1, L: Studie o statistick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho pole teploty vzduchu v \u010cSR. Sborn\u00edk pr. HM\u00da, sv. 14, str. 67-110.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[4] Kurpelov\u00e1, M. &#8211; Coufal, L. &#8211; Cul\u00edk, J.: Agroklimatick\u00e9 pod\u00admienky \u010cSSR, HM\u00da Bratislava 1975.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[5] Slab\u00e1, N.: P\u0159ebudov\u00e1n\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 sta\u00adni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Meteorol. zpr., 28, 1975, s. 51 \u2014 53.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[6] Sob\u00ed\u0160ek, B.: Representativnost v\u011btrom\u011brn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f me\u00adteorologick\u00fdch stanic v \u010cSR. Sborn\u00edk pr. HM\u00da, sv. 14, str. 145- 182.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Otto \u0160ebek, MZ 1976\/2, ro\u010dn\u00edk 29, str. 61-63<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed a nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stav V na\u0161\u00ed republice m\u00e1me jednu z nejdel\u0161\u00edch nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdch teplotn\u00edch \u0159ad v Evrop\u011b. Je to stanice v Praze-Klementinu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 zachov\u00e1na nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 denn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed od roku [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12048","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12048"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12052,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12048\/revisions\/12052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}