{"id":12040,"date":"2025-01-06T18:05:27","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T17:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=12040"},"modified":"2025-01-06T18:06:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T17:06:10","slug":"jaky-je-stav-vyucovani-zakladum-meteorologie-na-skolach","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/jaky-je-stav-vyucovani-zakladum-meteorologie-na-skolach\/","title":{"rendered":"JAK\u00dd JE STAV VYU\u010cOV\u00c1N\u00cd Z\u00c1KLAD\u016eM METEORO\u00adLOGIE NA \u0160KOL\u00c1CH?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12040\" class=\"elementor elementor-12040\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8773213 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8773213\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6eb1497\" data-id=\"6eb1497\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55f6f07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55f6f07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z rozbor\u016f u\u010debnic a osnov na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyu\u010duje z\u00e1klad\u016fm meteorologie ve velmi mal\u00e9m rozsahu. U\u010divo je tu rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bno do n\u011bkolika u\u010debn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch postupn\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e poru\u0161uje obsahovou i form\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vaznost u\u010debn\u00ed l\u00e1tky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Element\u00e1rn\u00ed poznatky z meteorologie se objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e ve v\u011bc\u00adn\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch postupn\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly a od 3. post. ro\u010dn\u00edku v osnov\u00e1ch vlastiv\u011bdy. Na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch stupn\u00edch \u0161kol jsou uvedeny v u\u010debnic\u00edch fyziky, zem\u011bpisu a v mal\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e i biologii. Nesystemati\u010dnost ve v\u00fduce meteorologie na na\u0161ich \u0161kol\u00e1ch je na z\u00e1vadu p\u0159i logick\u00e9m osvojov\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch poznatk\u016f. P\u0159esto, \u017ee se v\u00fduka z\u00e1klad\u016fm meteorologie prov\u00e1d\u00ed v n\u011bkolika u\u010debn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011btech, p\u0159i vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed se vesm\u011bs ne\u00aduplat\u0148uj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mezip\u0159edm\u011btov\u00e9 vztahy (kter\u00e9 by byly velmi \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mezi fyzikou a zem\u011bpisem).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u016fsledkem takto pojat\u00e9 v\u00fduky meteorologie na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch je, \u017ee nejen \u017e\u00e1ci t\u011bchto \u0161kol, ale i jejich absol\u00adventi v podstat\u011b nerozum\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdm hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm a zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m, s nimi\u017e se denn\u011b setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v denn\u00edm tisku, \u010ds. rozhlasu a televizi. Poslucha\u010d\u016fm televize se v podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch o po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 rozbor synoptick\u00e9 situace za posledn\u00edch 24 hodin a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd v\u00fdvoj po\u010das\u00ed na nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dny. Velk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina poslucha\u010d\u016f t\u011bchto relac\u00ed rozum\u00ed vys\u00edlan\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b od okam\u017eiku, kdy se hovo\u0159\u00ed o no\u010dn\u00edch a denn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch, obla\u010dnosti a sr\u00e1\u017e\u00adk\u00e1ch (a to jen z\u010d\u00e1sti). Tato skute\u010dnost zcela potvrzuje n\u00e1zor, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v oboru meteorologie na na\u0161ich \u0161kol\u00e1ch neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 po\u017eadavk\u016fm sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se vynakl\u00e1daj\u00ed velk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky na v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00fdch (a na modernizaci technick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edch) meteorologick\u00fdch \u00fastav\u016f a stanic, zvy\u0161uje se kvalifikace jejich pracovn\u00edk\u016f \u2014 na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 v\u011bdomost\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny ob\u010dan\u016f v tomto sm\u011bru na n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Budeme-li cht\u00edt zlep\u0161it situaci, bude t\u0159eba dos\u00e1hnout zm\u011bn u\u017e na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole, v\u017edy\u0165 asi 70 % absolvent\u016f t\u011bchto \u0161kol p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do u\u010debn\u00edho nebo pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru. U nich nelze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1\u00addat, \u017ee by se setkali s ucelenou v\u00fdukou z\u00e1klad\u016f meteorologie.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Chci zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee doposud se na na\u0161ich \u0161kol\u00e1ch (se v\u0161eobec\u00adn\u00fdm a odborn\u00fdm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm) nev\u011bnuje v\u00fduce meteorologie zda\u00adleka tolik \u010dasu a pozornosti, jak by si tato discipl\u00edna zasluhovala. Proto\u017ee nelze ani v budoucnu uva\u017eovat o z\u00e1sadn\u00edm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u010dtu vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hodin, v\u011bnovan\u00fdch meteorologii, je nutno nal\u00e9zt nov\u00e9, efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody v\u00fduky, volit vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010debn\u00ed l\u00e1tky, pou\u017e\u00edvat ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch (a zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nov\u00fdch) u\u010debn\u00edch pom\u016fcek, d\u00e1vat nov\u00e9 podn\u011bty pro sa\u00admostatnou a z\u00e1jmovou \u010dinnost v tomto oboru. Nov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k dan\u00e9mu u\u010divu lze \u017e\u00e1ky zaujmout a umo\u017enit jim, aby u\u010debn\u00ed l\u00e1t\u00adku skute\u010dn\u011b pochopili a uchovali si ji v pam\u011bti pro dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je na \u0161kodu v\u011bci, \u017ee na \u0161kol\u00e1ch se st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1v\u00e1 v z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti p\u0159ednost meteorologick\u00fdm krou\u017ek\u016fm, p\u0159esto\u017ee se zde udr\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1jem \u017e\u00e1k\u016f dlouhou dobu (na rozd\u00edl od n\u011bkter\u00fdch speci\u00e1l\u00adn\u00edch krou\u017ek\u016f, nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch v\u011bku a schopnostem \u017e\u00e1k\u016f nap\u0159. z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly). Pravideln\u00e1 a c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u00e1 \u010dinnost v meteorolo\u00adgick\u00fdch krou\u017ec\u00edch, spojen\u00e1 s m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, m\u00e1 kladn\u00fd vliv na povahov\u00e9 vlastnosti \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. U\u010d\u00ed je trp\u011blivosti, p\u0159esnosti a soustavnosti v pr\u00e1ci. Zku\u0161enosti u\u010ditel\u016f tuto skute\u010d\u00adnost jen potvrzuj\u00ed. \u017de jen v nepatrn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e nalezneme \u0161koly, kde vyv\u00edj\u00ed \u010dinnost meteorologick\u00fd krou\u017eek si lze vysv\u011btlit t\u00edm, \u017ee ani u\u010ditel\u00e9 fyziky nez\u00edskali b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho studia vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed z oboru meteorologie na takov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i, aby sami mohli uvedenou z\u00e1jmo\u00advou \u010dinnost \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b rozv\u00edjet.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jen m\u00e1lo \u0161kol pl\u00e1nuje exkurze do Hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu nebo na meteorologickou stanici, a\u010d zde se mohou \u017e\u00e1ci nebo studenti na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di sezn\u00e1mit se z\u00e1slu\u017enou pr\u00e1ci meteoro\u00adlog\u016f, sezn\u00e1mit se s meteorologick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji, kter\u00e9 nenajdou v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm kabinet\u011b na \u0161kole, pochopit vcelku v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Spolupr\u00e1ce meteorolo\u00adgick\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165 mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mezi st\u00e1ty socialistick\u00fdmi) d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1zorn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a osv\u011btluje d\u00edl\u010d\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, co je to internacionalismus v praxi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Znalost meteorologie d\u00e1v\u00e1 nahl\u00e9dnout do filosofick\u00fdch probl\u00e9\u00adm\u016f a je \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v boji proti n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu tm\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. V\u0161\u00edm\u00e1me-li si meteorologie z hlediska historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, po\u00adzorujeme, \u017ee ji\u017e od nejstar\u0161\u00edch dob existoval t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd z\u00e1pas \u010dlov\u011bka s p\u0159\u00edrodou. \u010clov\u011bk vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed jen sv\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti a pracovitosti za to, \u017ee z tohoto boje vych\u00e1z\u00ed st\u00e1le siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Dnes se ji\u017e um\u00ed l\u00e9pe chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed v\u011bt\u0161inou d\u0159\u00edve ob\u00e1van\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch vliv\u016f po\u00ad\u010das\u00ed. Sna\u017e\u00ed se pr\u016fb\u011bh po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u00eddat a prov\u00e1d\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mohou zm\u00edrnit nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky v\u00fdst\u0159ednosti po\u010das\u00ed. V d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch, kdy byli lid\u00e9 vystaveni rozmar\u016fm po\u010das\u00ed, t\u0159\u00e1sli se p\u0159ed moc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch \u017eivl\u016f, a uct\u00edvali je proto jako bo\u017estvo. Z historie a z mnoha b\u00e1j\u00ed zn\u00e1me nejen \u0159eck\u00e9 bohy z Olympu, ale nap\u0159. i slovansk\u00e9 bohy: Peruna \u2014 boha hrom\u016f a blesk\u016f, Stryboga \u2014 boha v\u011btr\u016f a jin\u00e9. Bed\u0159ich Engels p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">&#8230;. ,,ka\u017ed\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e fantastick\u00fd obraz v hlav\u00e1ch lid\u00ed t\u011bch vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sil, kter\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnou nad nimi v jejich ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b&#8221;. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a pov\u011br\u010div\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy vznikaj\u00ed z podrobenosti \u010dlov\u011bka jak vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, tak i t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edmu \u00fatlaku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A\u017e doposud bylo uk\u00e1z\u00e1no na v\u00fdznam oboru, jeho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed a v\u00fdchovn\u00fd v\u00fdznam, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na tu skute\u010dnost, \u017ee vyu\u010do\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologie na \u0161kol\u00e1ch je v sou\u010dasnosti na n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni. Tato situace vy\u017eaduje nal\u00e9hav\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. K tomu bude nutno spojit po\u017eadavky modern\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 v\u011bdy s po\u017eadavky socialistick\u00e9 \u0161koly a zam\u011b\u0159it se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na ty odd\u00edly p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho oboru, kter\u00e9 budou \u017e\u00e1ci nebo studenti ve sv\u00e9m budouc\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b pot\u0159ebovat.<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V r\u00e1mci hlavn\u00edho \u00fakolu VIII-5-4 \u201eCelo\u017eivotn\u00ed soustava komu\u00adnistick\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cSSR&#8221;, st\u00e1tn\u00edho badatelsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu pro l\u00e9ta 1976\u20141980 (Pedagogick\u00fd \u00fastav J. A. Komensk\u00e9ho \u010cSAV) se v r\u00e1mci modernizace vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed fyzice bude mimo jin\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it i problematika za\u0159azen\u00ed meteorologie do u\u010debn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f a osnov na \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Do t\u00e9 doby, ne\u017e dojde k uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f by bylo vhodn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u00fa\u010dinnou meteorologickou osv\u011b\u00adtovou \u010dinnost v tisku, \u010ds. rozhlasu a televizi (nap\u0159. formou besed \u201eCo chcete v\u011bd\u011bt o meteorologii&#8221;, \u201eJak porozum\u011bt meteorolo\u00adgick\u00fdm zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m a hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm&#8221; aj).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed informovan\u00e9 pedagogick\u00e9 fronty a odborn\u00edk\u016f z oboru m\u016f\u017ee znamenat v budoucnu (pro tuto \u010d\u00e1st v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed ml\u00e1de\u017ee) v\u00fdrazn\u00fd obrat k lep\u0161\u00edmu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Josef Proch\u00e1zka, MZ 1976\/3, ro\u010dn\u00edk 29, str. 93-94<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z rozbor\u016f u\u010debnic a osnov na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyu\u010duje z\u00e1klad\u016fm meteorologie ve velmi mal\u00e9m rozsahu. U\u010divo je tu rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bno do n\u011bkolika u\u010debn\u00edch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12040","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12040"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12044,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12040\/revisions\/12044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}