{"id":11851,"date":"2025-01-05T12:04:04","date_gmt":"2025-01-05T11:04:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=11851"},"modified":"2025-01-05T12:05:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-05T11:05:20","slug":"nove-smery-ve-vyvoji-klimatologickych-databazi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/nove-smery-ve-vyvoji-klimatologickych-databazi\/","title":{"rendered":"NOV\u00c9 SM\u011aRY VE V\u00ddVOJI KLIMATOLOGICK\u00ddCH DATAB\u00c1Z\u00cd"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11851\" class=\"elementor elementor-11851\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2906bc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2906bc9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-596b7c0\" data-id=\"596b7c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ac44a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71ac44a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159evratn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech zp\u016fsobuje posun v ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eb a mo\u017enost\u00ed klimatolog\u016f ve spr\u00e1v\u011b klimatologick\u00fdch dat. Prakticky \u00fapln\u00e9 opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu DOS, nov\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my Windows 9x a Windows NT, pr\u00e1ce v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch a podpora aplikac\u00ed s architekturou klient-server umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed i klimatolog\u016fm z men\u0161\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v\u00e1\u017en\u011b uva\u017eovat o rela\u010dn\u00ed klimatologick\u00e9 datab\u00e1zi, spl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed i ty nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj cen spojen\u00fd s t\u00edmto v\u00fdvojem umo\u017enil zav\u00e1d\u011bt do praxe aplikace postaven\u00e9 nad standardn\u00edmi rela\u010dn\u00edmi datab\u00e1zov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my (ORACLE, INFORMIX, SYBASE apod.). \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav se p\u0159ipojil k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm aktivit\u00e1m na tomto poli a od po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1997 intenzivn\u011b pracuje na v\u00fdvoji vlastn\u00ed klimatologick\u00e9 datab\u00e1zov\u00e9 aplikace v syst\u00e9mu ORACLE.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>VYU\u017d\u00cdV\u00c1N\u00cd DATAB\u00c1Z\u00cd V KLIMATOLOGII<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mno\u017estv\u00ed klimatologick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed pot\u0159eba jejich vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed intervalu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v souvislosti s automatizac\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, vyzdvihuje nutnost vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a modern\u00ed datab\u00e1ze. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed v \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch SMO byl zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n formou dotazn\u00edku [1], na kter\u00fd odpov\u011bd\u011blo 83 zem\u00ed. Cel\u00fdch 60 % z odpov\u011bd\u00ed (50 zem\u00ed) uvedlo, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 CLICOM, rela\u010dn\u00ed datab\u00e1zi vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 33 zem\u00ed. Obsahem nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed z nich jsou uvedeny v tab. 1.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tab. 1. Velikost vybran\u00fdch datab\u00e1z\u00ed v zem\u00edch SMO.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/tab%20datab%C3%A1ze.JPG\" alt=\"\" \/>Dal\u0161\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm produktem t\u00e9to dotazn\u00edkov\u00e9 akce byla statistika finan\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f na v\u00fdvoj a provoz st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze (velikost 10 &#8211; 30 GB). Na v\u00fdvoj je t\u0159eba podle zku\u0161enost\u00ed uveden\u00fdch zem\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat s fondem pracovn\u00ed doby ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 a\u017e 4 tis\u00edce hodin, hardwarov\u00e9 a softwarov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdvoje) spot\u0159ebuje minim\u00e1ln\u011b 1,5 mili\u00f3n\u016f USD a provoz s administrac\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 aplikace je zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n dv\u011bma pracovn\u00edky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>AKTIVITY SMO<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za\u010d\u00e1tkem devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let za\u010dali n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed klimatologov\u00e9 na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch akc\u00edch po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch a sponzorovan\u00fdch SMO diskutovat o aplikaci n\u011bkter\u00e9ho RDBMS (Relation Database Management System) se \u0161irok\u00fdm uplatn\u011bn\u00edm v klimatologii. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b se uva\u017eovalo o syst\u00e9mech Oracle, Ingres nebo Informix. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z vysp\u011bl\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto syst\u00e9my ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu, diskuse byly v\u0161ak zam\u011b\u0159eny na aplikaci podporovanou SMO, kter\u00e1 je ur\u010dena men\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m. V publikac\u00edch SMO se v\u00fdsledky t\u011bchto diskus\u00ed objevuj\u00ed postupn\u011b od roku 1994 [3, 4, 5].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Expert Meeting on the Future Evolution of WMO Coordinated Climate Database Management Systems <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Washington D.C., USA, 29 -31 August 1994)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1v\u011bry z tohoto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed daly r\u00e1mec dal\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji v t\u00e9to oblasti. Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu se mohou tyto z\u00e1v\u011bry zd\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obecn\u00e9, ale to nic nem\u011bn\u00ed na jejich d\u016fle\u017eitosti. Jsou zde zm\u00edn\u011bny v\u0161echny hlavn\u00ed oblasti budouc\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s v\u00fdvojem nov\u00e9 aplikace (dokon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdvoje CLICOM, pou\u017eit\u00ed distribuovan\u00fdch datab\u00e1z\u00ed, vyu\u017eit\u00ed WWW, apod.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>RA III CLICOM Expert Meeting<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Santiago de Chile, Chile, 6 &#8211; 18 November 1995)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V z\u00e1v\u011brech tohoto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed expert\u016f je doporu\u010den\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastnit se v\u00fdvoje nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu CLICOM zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na datab\u00e1zi Oracle. V doporu\u010den\u00ed je zd\u016frazn\u011bna nutnost napojen\u00ed na telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a mo\u017enost spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aplikace v r\u016fzn\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci z\u00e1rove\u0148 doporu\u010duj\u00ed SMO koordinovat v\u00fdvoj CDBMS (Climate Database Management System) ajako p\u0159\u00edklad mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze je uveden Oracle 7.0.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Meeting on CLICOM Implementation and Development (Washington D.C., USA, 6 -17 May 1996)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na tomto setk\u00e1n\u00ed experti diskutovali o mo\u017enostech p\u0159echodu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatologick\u00fdch dat ze syst\u00e9mu CLICOM 3.0 do syst\u00e9mu nov\u00e9ho (nejl\u00e9pe zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na RDBMS) a shodli se na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed sady instala\u010dn\u00edch disket CLICOMu verze 3.1. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se experti shodli, \u017ee tato verze CLICOMu ji\u017e bude posledn\u00ed. Jej\u00edmu vytvo\u0159en\u00ed se budou v\u011bnovat hlavn\u011b kolegov\u00e9 z Rusk\u00e9 federace a z\u00e1kladem zm\u011bn bude odstran\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech chyb a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch nedostatk\u016f verze 3.0.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Expert Meeting to Review and Assess the Oracle-based Prototype for Future CDBMS<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Toulouse, France, 12 -16 May 1997)<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1kladem programu tohoto setk\u00e1n\u00ed [4] expert\u016f byl konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br prodiskutovat a posoudit prototypov\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy klimatologick\u00fdch datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed navrhovan\u00fdch v datab\u00e1zi Oracle. Oproti tomuto z\u00e1m\u011bru prob\u011bhla \u00favodem prezentace z\u00e1kladn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed ji\u017e hotov\u00fdch CDBMS jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Francie &#8211; M\u00e9t\u00e9o France &#8211; Oracle,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kanada &#8211; Atmospheric Environmental Service &#8211; Oracle,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Austr\u00e1lie &#8211; Australian Bureau of Meteorology &#8211; Oracle,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u011bmecko &#8211; Deutsche Wetterdienst &#8211; Oracle,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Finsko &#8211; Finland Meteorological Institute &#8211; Oracle,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie &#8211; UK Met Office &#8211; r\u016fzn\u00e9, SQL propojen\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Teprve pot\u00e9 byly p\u0159edvedeny dva prototypy \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed CDBMS vyvinut\u00e9 v Kostarice a v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech je v\u00fdvoj zalo\u017een na t\u0159\u00ed\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e klient-aplikace- data. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prototypu vyvinut\u00e9ho v Kostarice je tento po\u017eadavek zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed programu Microsoft Transaction Server, \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup je zalo\u017een na plnohodnotn\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed datab\u00e1ze Oracle a jej\u00ed architektury klient-server, pokud mo\u017eno bez softwarov\u00fdch mezikrok\u016f. Oba p\u0159\u00edstupy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed napojen\u00ed na internet\/intranet a na geografick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my s vyu\u017eit\u00edm p\u0159enosov\u00e9ho protokolu TCP\/IP. Pouze \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup v\u0161ak zat\u00edm p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd import dat z datab\u00e1ze DataEase a t\u00edm mo\u017enost snadn\u00e9ho p\u0159echodu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat z CLICOMu na nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (podrobnosti o \u010desk\u00e9m n\u00e1vrhu jsou uvedeny v dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku). Experti se shodli na pot\u0159eb\u011b dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje nazna\u010den\u00fdm sm\u011brem. D\u016fraz bude kladen na spr\u00e1vu metadat (popisn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o stanic\u00edch, pozorovan\u00fdch prvc\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch a \u010dasov\u00fdch rozvrz\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed) a na mo\u017enost pr\u00e1ce s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi aplikace prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm internetov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b s d\u016frazem na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost ulo\u017een\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch dat.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>P\u0158EDPOKL\u00c1DAN\u00c1 STRUKTURA APLIKACE CLIDATA<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ji\u017e nyn\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 nazna\u010dit v hrub\u00fdch rysech strukturu vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 datab\u00e1zov\u00e9 klimatologick\u00e9 aplikace CLIDATA [2]. P\u0159i anal\u00fdze jsme si stanovili n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bla aplikace spl\u0148ovat:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">vyu\u017eit\u00ed datab\u00e1ze ORACLE,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">architektura client-server,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">minimalizace programov\u00e1n\u00ed komponent, kter\u00e9 jsou dostupn\u00e9 na softwarov\u00e9m trhu a \u201eum\u00ed\u201c pracovat s daty v datab\u00e1zi (nap\u0159. statistick\u00e9 bal\u00edky, geografick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, apod.),<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost dat v datab\u00e1zi a z\u00e1rove\u0148 mo\u017enost pr\u00e1ce p\u0159es internet (generov\u00e1n\u00ed HTML form\u00e1t\u016f, spolupr\u00e1ce s \u00fastavn\u00edm web serverem, apod.),<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">replikace datab\u00e1ze mezi centrem a pobo\u010dkami,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd import dat z CLICOMU do nov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">hierarchick\u00e1 struktura u\u017eivatel\u016f s p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm vymezen\u00edm pr\u00e1v.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Aplikace bude m\u00edt sedm z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed &#8211; Metadata, Data, Povinn\u00e9 produkty, Ostatn\u00ed produkty, Po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrola, Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 spr\u00e1va aplikace a CLICOM.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>METADATA<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010c\u00e1st Metadata obsahuje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 popisn\u00e9 informace o meteorologick\u00fdch stanic\u00edch, pozorovan\u00fdch prvc\u00edch a \u010dasov\u00fdch rozvrz\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti jsme se ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e inspirovali sou\u010dasn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvanou datab\u00e1z\u00ed CLICOM &#8211; n\u011bkter\u00e9 jej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jsme p\u0159evzali zcela, jin\u00e9 jsme zjednodu\u0161ili a po konzultaci s report\u00e9rem SMO pro metadata (Reino Heino, Finsk\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd \u00fastav) jsme se rozhodli roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it tuto \u010d\u00e1st o n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed informace (fyzickogeografick\u00fd popis okol\u00ed stanice a grafick\u00e9 informace o stanici). Novinkou je zde zaveden\u00ed tzv. \u010dasov\u00fdch rozvrh\u016f pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pro jednotliv\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 prvky &#8211; rozvrh pravideln\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; nap\u0159. SYNOP, nebo 15 minutov\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed AMS (Automatick\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 stanice, klimatologick\u00fd rozvrh pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. 07, 14 a 21 hodin pro teplotu nebo 07 hodin pro sr\u00e1\u017eky na klimatologick\u00fdch stanic\u00edch, apod.) a v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fd rozvrh (nap\u0159. pro pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 denn\u00ed hodnoty, denn\u00ed \u00fahrn slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu apod.). Tento zp\u016fsob definov\u00e1n\u00ed interval\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u011b zjednodu\u0161uje pr\u00e1ci s meteorologick\u00fdmi prvky v datab\u00e1zi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>DATA<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti jsou definov\u00e1ny datov\u00e9 modely (datov\u00fdm modelem rozum\u00edme zp\u016fsob ulo\u017een\u00ed dat v datab\u00e1zi) pro v\u0161echny typy m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch a pozorovan\u00fdch dat. Hlavn\u00ed datov\u00fd model v aplikaci CLIDATA umo\u017e\u0148uje ulo\u017eit v\u0161echna z\u00e1kladn\u00ed data do jednoho typu tabulky bez nutnosti definovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed datov\u00e9 struktury pro 15 minutov\u00e1, hodinov\u00e1 nebo klimatologick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 ulo\u017eit do shodn\u00e9 struktury i hodnoty minutov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch \u00fahrn\u016f (intenzity sr\u00e1\u017eek), kter\u00e9 jsou standardn\u00edm v\u00fdstupem z AMS. Pro tato data jsme v\u0161ak navrhli zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed datov\u00fd model (z d\u016fvodu odli\u0161n\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f na pr\u00e1ci s t\u011bmito daty a z d\u016fvodu nutnosti redukce \u201enulov\u00fdch\u201c \u00fahrn\u016f sr\u00e1\u017eek ve vstupn\u00edch z\u00e1znamech). T\u0159et\u00edm typem datov\u00e9ho modelu je model pro ulo\u017een\u00ed informac\u00ed o meteorologick\u00fdch jevech a bou\u0159k\u00e1ch &#8211; datab\u00e1zov\u00e9 ulo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto dat bylo zat\u00edm v meteorologick\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b opom\u00edjeno.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>POVINN\u00c9 PRODUKTY<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti jsou definov\u00e1ny v\u00fdpo\u010dty hodnot, kter\u00e9 nelze v klimatologick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci postr\u00e1dat nebo kter\u00e9 jsou nutn\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vnou pr\u00e1ci cel\u00e9 aplikace (nap\u0159. pro kontrolu klimatologick\u00fdch dat). Spr\u00e1vce syst\u00e9mu v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti definuje nejprve strukturu v\u00fdpo\u010dtu pent\u00e1dov\u00fdch, dek\u00e1dn\u00edch a m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f, \u00fahrn\u016f, maxim, minim a po\u010dtu dn\u00ed s p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00edm nebo nedosa\u017een\u00edm definovan\u00e9ho limitu. D\u00e1le je zde definov\u00e1n seznam prvk\u016f a obdob\u00ed pro v\u00fdpo\u010det dlouhodob\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f, extr\u00e9m\u016f a empirick\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010detnosti p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed &#8211; tyto hodnoty syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i kontrole klimatologick\u00fdch dat, u\u017eivatel zde najde i tabulku norm\u00e1l\u016f. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti bude u\u017eivatel\u016fm dostupn\u00fd i tzv. invent\u00e1\u0159 dat (p\u0159ehled dat ulo\u017een\u00fdch v datab\u00e1zi).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch hodnot prob\u00edh\u00e1 automaticky nez\u00e1visle na u\u017eivateli podle rozvrh\u016f definovan\u00fdch spr\u00e1vcem syst\u00e9mu. U\u017eivatel s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00edm m\u00e1 v\u0161ak mo\u017enost prov\u00e9st v\u00fdpo\u010det dlouhodob\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f a extr\u00e9m\u016f pro vybran\u00e9 prvky za nestandardn\u00ed obdob\u00ed (nap\u0159. pro posudkovou \u010dinnost) &#8211; syst\u00e9m v\u0161ak umo\u017en\u00ed ulo\u017eit v\u00fdsledky jen za jedno nestandardn\u00ed obdob\u00ed pro prvek a stanici (je nutno br\u00e1nit nekontrolovateln\u00e9mu p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>OSTATN\u00cd PRODUKTY<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti budou definov\u00e1ny n\u011bkter\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatologick\u00e9 produkty, pro kter\u00e9 nejsou k dispozici standardn\u00ed softwarov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje (nap\u0159. v\u00fdpo\u010det v\u011btrn\u00fdch r\u016f\u017eic, definov\u00e1n\u00ed tzv. st\u00e1l\u00fdch dotaz\u016f apod.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>PO\u0158IZOV\u00c1N\u00cd A KONTROLA<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010c\u00e1st po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed dat mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v aplikaci \u0159e\u0161ena &#8211; nelze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat 100% automatizaci m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a st\u00e1le existuje nutnost po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch klimatologick\u00fdch dat. Kontrola dat je v aplikaci \u0159e\u0161ena v n\u011bkolika \u00farovn\u00edch. Jsou to:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">statick\u00e1 (jednostani\u010dn\u00ed) kontrola s vyu\u017eit\u00edm dlouhodob\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011bru a extr\u00e9m\u016f,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">prostorov\u00e1 kontrola s vyu\u017eit\u00edm empirick\u00fdch hodnot \u010detnosti p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">kontrola nepominuteln\u00fdch limit\u016f n\u011bkter\u00fdch prvk\u016f a<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">kontrola logick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vnosti, fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed nerozpornosti a p\u0159esnosti k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed ust\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch nebo d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch depe\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na rozd\u00edl od st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed datab\u00e1ze CLICOM jsou zkontrolovan\u00e1 i nezkontrolovan\u00e1 data ulo\u017eena ve stejn\u00e9 tabulce s pou\u017eit\u00edm indikace stupn\u011b validace. Z\u00e1sah do validovan\u00fdch dat je omezen jen na u\u017eivatele s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm stupn\u011bm opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>SYST\u00c9MOV\u00c1 SPR\u00c1VA APLIKACE<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">N\u011bkter\u00e9 limity a hodnoty platn\u00e9 pro celou aplikaci pou\u017e\u00edvanou v dan\u00e9m regionu jsou definov\u00e1ny v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 tabulce (nap\u0159. maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka, geografick\u00e9 sou\u0159adnice, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typ \u010dasu, norm\u00e1lov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed apod.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>CLICOM<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u0161echny \u010d\u00e1sti aplikace nutn\u00e9 pro spolupr\u00e1ci se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed jsou sdru\u017eeny zde &#8211; import formul\u00e1\u0159e STN GEO-GRAPHY do \u010d\u00e1sti Metadata, import datov\u00fdch DBM soubor\u016f do hlavn\u00ed datov\u00e9 tabulky, apod.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Z\u00c1V\u011aR<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad rozvojem klimatologie v oblasti klimatologick\u00fdch datab\u00e1z\u00ed m\u00e1 podat \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i stru\u010dnou informaci o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch souvislostech v\u00fdvoje nov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor je v\u011bnov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b aplikace v \u010cesk\u00e9m hydro-meteorologick\u00e9m \u00fastavu a autor zamy\u0161len\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee postupn\u011b s realizac\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch nazna\u010den\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed budou \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i seznamov\u00e1ni s odborn\u00fdmi souvislostmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi podrobnostmi v samostatn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bty, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze \u0161irok\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 obce a sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu v r\u00e1mci logiky jeho v\u00fdstavby jsou v\u00edt\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Literatura:<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] B\u00e9nichou, F. &#8211; Lee, D.: Use of Relational Database Management Systems in Climatology in WMO National Meteorological Service. In: Climate Database in Europe. In: Proceedings of the ECSN Workshop on Climate Databases, Norrkoping, Sweden 1996, s. 9 -14.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] Coufal, L. &#8211; Tolasz, R.: A Climate Data Processing, Con\u00actrol, Information and Archiving System (tentative proposal). At: World Climate Programme &#8211; Data and Monitoring, No. 34, Annex 14, WMO-TD Preliminary, Geneva 1997.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[3] World Climate Programme &#8211; Clicom News, No. 9. Geneva, WMO 1995.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[4] World Climate Programme &#8211; Data and Monitoring, No. 30: Summary Notes and Recommendations Assembled for CCl-XII from Recent Activities Concerning Climate Data Management. WMO-TD No. 832. Geneva 1997.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[5] World Climate Programme &#8211; Data and Monitoring, No. 31: Reports for CCl-XII from Rapporteurs that Relate to Climate Data Management. WMO-TD No. 833. Geneva 1997.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lektor RNDr L. Coufal, rukopis odevzd\u00e1n v listopadu 1997.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Radim Tolasz, MZ 1998\/3, ro\u010dn\u00edk 51, str. 85-87<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159evratn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech zp\u016fsobuje posun v ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eb a mo\u017enost\u00ed klimatolog\u016f ve spr\u00e1v\u011b klimatologick\u00fdch dat. Prakticky \u00fapln\u00e9 opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu DOS, nov\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my Windows 9x [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11851","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11851","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11851"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11851\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11855,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11851\/revisions\/11855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}