{"id":11795,"date":"2025-01-05T11:05:14","date_gmt":"2025-01-05T10:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=11795"},"modified":"2025-01-05T11:08:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-05T10:08:10","slug":"vyvoj-ceskeho-hydrometeorologickeho-ustavu-po-roce-1992-a-jeho-perspektivy-v-novem-stoleti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/vyvoj-ceskeho-hydrometeorologickeho-ustavu-po-roce-1992-a-jeho-perspektivy-v-novem-stoleti\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ddVOJ \u010cESK\u00c9HO HYDROMETEOROLOGICK\u00c9HO \u00daSTAVU PO ROCE 1992 A JEHO PERSPEKTIVY V NOV\u00c9M STOLET\u00cd"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11795\" class=\"elementor elementor-11795\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc043f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc043f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc7fbd8\" data-id=\"fc7fbd8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-532a648 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"532a648\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u00daVOD<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Po\u010d\u00e1tek roku 1993 byl pro dal\u0161\u00ed osudy \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydro\u00admeteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu (\u010cHM\u00da) velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd ze dvou hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f &#8211; do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b jeho ekonomick\u00e9ho statu\u00adtu, kdy se \u00fastav stal m\u00edsto rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 organizace organizac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkovou &#8211; a z\u00e1rove\u0148 do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b nej vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho veden\u00ed \u00fastavu (nov\u00fd \u0159editel a postupn\u011b i jeho n\u00e1m\u011bstci). Ob\u011b tyto z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zm\u011bny ovlivnily jak organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturu \u00fastavu, tak i zp\u016fsob hospoda\u0159en\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zm\u011bna zp\u016fsobu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed si vynutila p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u00fastav a\u017e do t\u00e9to zm\u011bny prov\u00e1d\u011bl. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed role ekonomick\u00fdch parametr\u016f vedla mj. k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 funkce ekonomicko-spr\u00e1vn\u00edho n\u00e1m\u011bstka a k reorganizaci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch centr\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cHM\u00da si na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b zachoval oborov\u00e9 \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed na t\u0159i odborn\u00e9 \u00faseky: meteorologii a klimatologii, hydrologii a ochranu \u010distoty ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a podr\u017eel si i st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m pobo\u00ad\u010dek, observato\u0159\u00ed a stani\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (obr. 1). Postaven\u00ed pobo\u010dek se v\u0161ak zm\u011bnilo sm\u011brem k jejich v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed samostatnosti a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jejich \u00falohy p\u0159i zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cHM\u00da v regionech. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed samostatnosti pobo\u010dek bylo pozd\u011bji stvrzeno i jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm jejich dosavadn\u00edch vedouc\u00edch \u0159editeli.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 byla zm\u011bna ekonomick\u00e9ho a pr\u00e1vn\u00edho statutu, kter\u00e1 vedla k d\u016fsledn\u00e9mu zaveden\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00edch aktivit (poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch informac\u00ed a slu\u017eeb za \u00faplatu). V\u00fdnosy z komer\u010dn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed se staly nezbytn\u00fdm dopln\u011bn\u00edm rozpo\u00ad\u010dtu \u00fastavu na jeho \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1t ji\u017e nedotoval pln\u011b jako d\u0159\u00edve, tj. ze 100 %, ale pouze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b v rozmez\u00ed 75 a\u017e 80 %. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b \u00fastav m\u016f\u017ee z v\u00fdnos\u016f komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti finan\u00adcovat \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho provozu a do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry hradit i pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 investice. Konkuren\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dinnostech za\u010daly \u00fastavu konkurovat soukrom\u00e9 subjekty) p\u0159ineslo i dal\u0161\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos &#8211; zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed snahy o rychl\u00e9 inovace metodik a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstup\u016f z \u00fastavu pot\u0159e\u00adb\u00e1m u\u017eivatel\u016f &#8211; z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/1999_165-1690001.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>Obr. 1 Organiza\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma \u00fastavu<\/em>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V dal\u0161\u00edm textu se soust\u0159ed\u00edm p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u010dinnosti \u00fasta\u00advu, kter\u00e9 jsou spjaty s meteorologi\u00ed a jej\u00edm rozvojem, nebo\u0165 80. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 letos oslavujeme, je spojeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s t\u00edmto oborem. Dal\u0161\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed obory se k meteorologii v na\u0161em \u00fastavu p\u0159ipojily teprve pozd\u011bji ne\u017e v roce 1919. P\u0159esto se o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci meteorolog\u016f s dal\u0161\u00edmi odbor\u00adn\u00fdmi profesemi \u00fastavu d\u00e1le zm\u00edn\u00edm, nebo\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b tato spolu\u00adpr\u00e1ce je z pohledu \u0159editele cel\u00e9ho \u00fastavu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 a mnohdy obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b realizovateln\u00e1. Bez t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ce by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 rozv\u00edjet a modernizovat v\u011bt\u0161inu aktivit, kter\u00e9 \u00fastav d\u011bl\u00e1, a zajistit finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky i na n\u011bkter\u00e9 ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak z hlediska rozvoje nezbytn\u00e9 projekty, a t\u00edm i na rozvoj \u00fastavu jako celku.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>V\u00ddZNAMN\u00c9 UD\u00c1LOSTI V \u010cHM\u00da V OBDOB\u00cd LET 1993 A\u017d 1999<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ud\u00e1lostem pat\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti pr\u00e1v\u011b v meteorologii, kter\u00e1 je k tomu nejl\u00e9pe uzp\u016fsobena, a kde bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nav\u00e1zat na zku\u00ad\u0161enosti z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, zejm\u00e9na slu\u017eby britsk\u00e9 (UK Met Office). Na komer\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1zi bylo t\u0159eba d\u00e1t p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm meteorologick\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed civiln\u00edho letectv\u00ed, kde lze v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se vztahy \u010cHM\u00da a jeho letec\u00adk\u00fdch partner\u016f (\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed letov\u00e9ho provozu, \u010cesk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va leti\u0161\u0165 a \u010cesk\u00e9 aerolinie) dostaly po roce 1998 a dlouhodob\u00e9m vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na po\u017eadovanou \u00farove\u0148, zakotvenou ve smlou\u00adv\u00e1ch p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch podle pravidel ICAO.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u00e1le bylo t\u0159eba zav\u00e9st komercializaci do poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00edm, zejm\u00e9na televizi, rozhlasu a tisku. Poda\u0159ilo se d\u00e1t na novou b\u00e1zi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dosavadn\u00ed vztahy s \u010ceskou televiz\u00ed (\u010cT) a \u010cesk\u00fdm rozhlasem (\u010cRo) a vyjasnit \u00falohu meteorolog\u016f-synoptik\u016f z \u00fastavu. Perspektivn\u011b se jevilo i nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed spolu\u00adpr\u00e1ce se soukrom\u00fdm poskytovatelem meteorologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed &#8211; firmou Meteopress, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla zabezpe\u010dit distri\u00adbuci a prodej informac\u00ed z \u010cHM\u00da p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm novin\u00e1m a nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edm soukrom\u00fdm r\u00e1di\u00edm a televiz\u00edm. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b v\u0161ak nepokra\u010duje tato spolupr\u00e1ce podle na\u0161ich p\u016fvodn\u00edch p\u0159edstav, a proto ji bude t\u0159eba radik\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ehodnotit. S p\u0159e\u00adchodem na komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti se pochopiteln\u011b zm\u011bnila nejen organizace varovn\u00e9 a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed slu\u017eby, ale i \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch navazuj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed \u00fastavu jak v centru, tak na pobo\u010dk\u00e1ch zabezpe\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch komer\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby v regionech.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>V\u00ddZNAMN\u00c9 \u00daSP\u011aCHY \u00daSTAVU V JEDNOTLIV\u00ddCH LETECH<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>1993<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K \u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm \u00fastavu v odborn\u00e9 oblasti pat\u0159ilo p\u0159edev\u0161m zakoupen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho telekomunika\u010dn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de firmy NET-SYS, vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed na pobo\u010dk\u00e1ch i v centru, inovace datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f od firmy ICL a modernizace p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch me\u00adteorologick\u00fdch stanic. K d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krok\u016fm pat\u0159ilo i aktivn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed \u00fastavu do budov\u00e1n\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b \u010cR (syst\u00e9m IRIS) a zakoupen\u00ed Brewerova spektrofotometru pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stratosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho ozonu a UV-B z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (observato\u0159 \u010cHM\u00da v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>1994<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tento rok p\u0159inesl uzav\u0159en\u00ed star\u00e9ho v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edho centra se s\u00e1lov\u00fdmi po\u010d\u00edta\u010di a p\u0159esunut\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f a datab\u00e1\u00adz\u00ed na syst\u00e9m ICL, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edti \u00fastavu. D\u00e1le lze z v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed vyjmenovat instalaci automatizova\u00adn\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na pra\u017esk\u00e9m leti\u0161ti, zapo\u010de\u00adt\u00ed automatizace meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, stavbu v\u011b\u017ee pro radar \u201eMorava&#8221;, zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu CLICOM v klimatologii a budov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9ho datab\u00e1zov\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. V ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed byla ukon\u010dena v\u00fdstavba stanic automatizovan\u00e9ho imisn\u00edho monitoringu (AIM) a pokra\u010doval rozvoj datab\u00e1zov\u00e9ho Informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9\u00admu kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed (ISKO). Poda\u0159ilo se t\u00e9\u017e p\u0159est\u011bhovat pobo\u010dku v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch do nov\u00e9ho samostatn\u00e9ho objektu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>1995<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V tomto roce vypracovalo veden\u00ed \u00fastavu z\u00e1sady nov\u00e9 kon\u00adcepce \u00fastavu, kter\u00e1 vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze spole\u010dn\u00fdch telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed v centru a na pobo\u010dk\u00e1ch, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kom\u00adpatibility datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f t\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f a postupn\u00e9ho sjednocen\u00ed varovn\u00fdch a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch slu\u017eeb do jednoho syst\u00e9mu. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm momentem bylo zprovozn\u011b\u00adn\u00ed nov\u00e9ho dopplerovsk\u00e9ho radaru \u201eMorava&#8221; s navazuj\u00edc\u00edm slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fadaj\u016f z v\u00edce radar\u016f do jedn\u00e9 radarov\u00e9 informace a meteorologov\u00e9 si za\u010dali zvykat na ka\u017edodenn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f region\u00e1ln\u00edho numerick\u00e9ho p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho modelu po\u010das\u00ed ALADIN. Do provozu se poda\u0159ilo uv\u00e9st i nov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edze\u00adn\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edjem a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dru\u017eicov\u00fdch dat v Praze-Libu\u0161i a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i nov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed leteck\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby jak na Ruzyni, tak i na dal\u0161\u00edch leti\u0161t\u00edch. \u00dastav p\u0159ikro\u010dil ke zkva\u00adlitn\u011bn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed pro \u00fadr\u017ebu silnic a zv\u00fd\u00ad\u0161il \u00fasil\u00ed o vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pokra\u010dovaly i pr\u00e1ce na zkvalit\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed datab\u00e1zo\u00adv\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v hydrologii a ochran\u011b \u010distoty ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kde do\u0161lo k d\u016fsledn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed geografick\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f (GIS). I v tomto roce pokra\u010dovala postupn\u00e1 moder\u00adnizace pozorovac\u00edch a datov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Nov\u011b bylo z\u0159\u00edzeno mal\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny pro pokryt\u00ed t\u00e9to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 proble\u00admatiky p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho hlediska, \u00fazce spolupra\u00adcuj\u00edc\u00ed s odd\u011blen\u00edm emis\u00ed a s N\u00e1rodn\u00edm klimatick\u00fdm progra\u00admem (NKP). Koncem roku se pobo\u010dka v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 p\u0159e\u00adst\u011bhovala do nov\u00e9 budovy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>1996<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V tomto roce se vyskytly povodn\u011b z p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f na Brunt\u00e1lsku, kter\u00e9 uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee je t\u0159eba zdokonalit syst\u00e9m varo\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi v \u010cHM\u00da &#8211; prvn\u00ed etapa tohoto zdoko\u00adnalen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala i zlep\u0161en\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce meteorolog\u016f s hydrology, prob\u011bhla v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b roku. Pokra\u010dovalo postupn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 (RPP) a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed komunikace a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dat v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b intranet-internet, kter\u00e1 spojuje centrum s pobo\u010dkami a dal\u0161\u00ed\u00admi pracovi\u0161ti \u00fastavu v \u010cR. Pro zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce meteorolo\u00adg\u016f byl zakoupen syst\u00e9m dru\u017eicov\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu leteck\u00e9 doku\u00admentace SADIS a komplexn\u00ed programov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed pro mete\u00adorologickou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f METPRO. Pokra\u010dovalo vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed modelu ALADIN a do zku\u0161ebn\u00edho provozu byl uveden roz\u00adptylov\u00fd model MEDIA.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V hydrologii byla dokon\u010dena rekonstrukce datov\u00e9 z\u00e1klad\u00adny Hydrofondu na b\u00e1zi ORACLE a pokra\u010dovalo nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch hydrologick\u00fdch stanic automatick\u00fdmi stanicemi NOEL. V \u00faseku ochrany ovzdu\u0161\u00ed bylo dokon\u010deno vybaven\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed laborato\u0159e pro kalibraci automatick\u00fdch a manu\u00e1ln\u00edch metod monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. V ekonomicko-spr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u00faseku za\u010dal p\u0159echod na nov\u00fd celo\u00fastavn\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159enosu ekonomick\u00fdch dat a informac\u00ed dodan\u00fd firmou VEMA. Investice ve St\u0159edisku informa\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb vedly k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201ebarevn\u00e9ho&#8221; pracovi\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ilo grafickou \u00faro\u00adve\u0148 ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00fdstup\u016f z \u010cHM\u00da.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>1997<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tento rok byl poznamen\u00e1n katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed povodn\u00ed v oblas\u00adti Moravy a \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech, kter\u00e1 d\u016fkladn\u011b prov\u011b\u0159ila varovnou a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed slu\u017ebu \u010cHM\u00da. \u00dastav v t\u00e9to velk\u00e9 zkou\u0161ce obst\u00e1l a zejm\u00e9na p\u0159edpov\u011bdi mno\u017estv\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek z modelu ALADIN a rutinn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9mu intranet-internet sehr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou \u00falohu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v\u0161ak objevila nutnost komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed inovace cel\u00e9ho p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho a varovn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, a to jak z hlediska organiza\u010dn\u00edho, tak po str\u00e1nce vybaven\u00ed. \u0158ada po\u017eadavk\u016f na finan\u010dn\u00ed zdroje byla zahrnuta do usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 185 &#8211; p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1998 a do n\u00e1vrhu syst\u00e9mu integrovan\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do rutinn\u00edho provozu byl uveden syst\u00e9m SADIS a dal\u0161\u00ed modernizace leti\u0161tn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159isp\u011bla k za\u0159azen\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Praha-Ruzyn\u011b do kategorie IIIb. V klimatologii byl zah\u00e1jen v\u00fdvoj nov\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze CLIDATA v syst\u00e9mu ORACLE, kter\u00e1 \u010dasem nahrad\u00ed CLICOM. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem bylo prosa\u00adzen\u00ed Prahy jako centra spole\u010dn\u00e9ho projektu st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed pro operativn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzkum modelu ALADIN zva\u00adn\u00e9ho LACE, co\u017e bylo zavr\u0161eno zakoupen\u00edm superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de SX-4\/3A od japonsk\u00e9 firmy NEC. \u00dastav p\u0159e\u0161el v oblasti tele\u00adkomunikac\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161enou rychlost spojen\u00ed mezi centrem a pobo\u010dkami (64 kbit\/s) umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159enosy velk\u00fdch objem\u016f dat a zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu intranet\/internet. V hyd\u00adrologii kladl povod\u0148ov\u00fd rok 1997 obrovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na pra\u00adcovn\u00edky progn\u00f3zy a za\u010daly pr\u00e1ce na intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1\u00adn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekoodtokov\u00fdch model\u016f. Ochrana \u010distoty ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se sou\u00adst\u0159edila na monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a varovnou \u010dinnost p\u0159i \u201eletn\u00edch&#8221; (fotochemick\u00fdch) smogov\u00fdch situac\u00edch a jejich vazbu na zv\u00fd\u00ad\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho ozonu. K \u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm je nutno p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edst i dokon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavby budovy pobo\u010dky v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>1998<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tento rok p\u0159inesl uveden\u00ed superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de SX-4\/3 A do trva\u00adl\u00e9ho provozu a od \u010dervence 1998 operativn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed modelu ALADIN na tomto stroji pro v\u0161echny \u010dleny projektu st\u0159edo\u00adevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed LACE. Byla dokon\u010dena v\u00fdstavba nov\u00e9ho modern\u00edho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho pracovi\u0161t\u011b (CPP) v Komo\u0159anech, kde jsou krom\u011b meteorolog\u016f i pracovn\u00edci hyd\u00adrologick\u00e9 progn\u00f3zy a v dob\u011b smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed i odborn\u00edci na ochranu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Povode\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f na Rychnovsku uk\u00e1zala n\u011bkter\u00e1 omezen\u00ed varovn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro tyto lok\u00e1ln\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00fd bude t\u0159eba upravit p\u0159\u00edmo pro m\u00edsta potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho ohro\u017een\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v horsk\u00fdch oblastech. K \u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm lze za\u0159adit zprovozn\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu AMIS2 v Praze-Ruzyni a jeho propojen\u00ed k u\u017eivatel\u016fm z \u0159ad civiln\u00edho letectv\u00ed. Byla ustavena nov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 kalibra\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159 a pobo\u010dka v Brn\u011b se zaslou\u017eila o v\u00fdstavbu a instalaci nov\u00e9 v\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00e9 stanice na n\u00e1dr\u017ei Nov\u00e9 ml\u00fdny.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pracovn\u00edci \u00faseku hydrologie \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b koordinovali roz\u00ads\u00e1hl\u00fd celost\u00e1tn\u00ed projekt \u201eVyhodnocen\u00ed povodn\u011b v \u010dervenci 1997&#8243;, na kter\u00e9m spolupracovalo n\u011bkolik pracovi\u0161\u0165 \u010cHM\u00da v\u010detn\u011b pobo\u010dek a \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch instituc\u00ed z cel\u00e9 \u010cR.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>1999<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V tomto roce \u00fastav pokra\u010doval v automatizaci v\u0161ech dru\u00adh\u016f pozorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, zkvalit\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed datov\u00fdch p\u0159enos\u016f a po\u010d\u00ed\u00adta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i ve vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch internetovsk\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny nejen pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed infor\u00admovanosti o \u010dinnosti \u00fastavu, ale slou\u017e\u00ed i pro dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed infor\u00admac\u00ed a dat pro komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pokra\u010duje projekt LACE s vyu\u017eit\u00edm modelu ALADIN po\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9ho operativn\u011b v \u010cHM\u00da.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u00fakol\u016fm roku pat\u0159ilo zabezpe\u010den\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed varovn\u00e9 a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed slu\u017eby p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro povod\u0148ov\u00e9 situace. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem byla inovace rada\u00adru v oblasti \u010cech (dosud na Libu\u0161i). V r\u00e1mci spole\u010dn\u00e9ho pro\u00adjektu s Arm\u00e1dou \u010cR se poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekonat nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. A\u010cR vybudovala v\u011b\u017e pro nov\u00fd dopplerovsk\u00fd radiolok\u00e1tor na kopci Praha v Brdech a \u010cHM\u00da se postaral o p\u0159\u00edstrojovou \u010d\u00e1st &#8211; z\u00edskal (velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b) prost\u0159edky na zakoupen\u00ed vlastn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje a zabezpe\u010dil jeho instalaci na v\u011b\u017ei a datov\u00e9 p\u0159enosy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>P\u0158EDPOV\u011aDN\u00cd A VAROVN\u00c1 SLU\u017dBA \u010cHM\u00da<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tato slu\u017eba je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed \u010cHM\u00da pro st\u00e1t a obyvatelstvo. Bylo nutn\u00e9 tuto slu\u017ebu modernizovat a orga\u00adniza\u010dn\u011b zajistit tak, aby byla co nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 aby byly ekonomicky vyu\u017eity v\u0161echny drah\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje a ostatn\u00ed prost\u0159edky. \u010cHM\u00da proto p\u0159istoupil k d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9mu kroku -zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9ho integrovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch pra\u00adcovi\u0161\u0165 \u010cHM\u00da, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z \u0161esti region\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edpo\u00adv\u011bdn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 (RPP) na pobo\u010dk\u00e1ch spojen\u00fdch s Centr\u00e1l\u00adn\u00edm p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edm pracovi\u0161t\u011bm (CPP) v Praze. Sch\u00e9ma orga\u00adnizace a propojen\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu je na obr. 2. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b syst\u00e9m \u010cHM\u00da mus\u00ed b\u00fdt propojen do celost\u00e1tn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu povod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany (obr. 3), kde hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli Hlavn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad civiln\u00ed ochrany, Hlavn\u00ed centrum hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho sboru, spr\u00e1vci povod\u00ed (dispe\u010dinky Povod\u00ed, a.s.) a povod\u0148ov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny (Povod\u0148ov\u00e9 komise) v\u0161ech stup\u0148\u016f.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/1999_165-1690003.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>Organizace slu\u017eeb a \u010dinnosti CPP (obdobn\u011b i RPP) je z\u0159ej\u00adm\u00e1 z obr. 4. Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 CPP-RPP tvo\u0159\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou strukturu v \u010cHM\u00da a je charakterizov\u00e1n spoje\u00adn\u00edm operativn\u00edch (p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch) pracovn\u00edk\u016f v\u0161ech obor\u016f. Znamen\u00e1 to ur\u010ditou odchylku od jinak striktn\u011b oborov\u00e9ho \u010dle\u00adn\u011bn\u00ed pracovi\u0161\u0165, ale nutnost rychl\u00e9 reakce a dobr\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f i pracovn\u00edk\u016f v nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdch sm\u011bn\u00e1ch si tento zp\u016fsob organizace vynutily. D\u016fle\u017eitou roli ve v\u0161ech havarijn\u00edch situac\u00edch (povodn\u011b, vich\u0159ice, smogov\u00e9 situace, hav\u00e1rie jadern\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed atd.) hraj\u00ed meteorologov\u00e9, a proto tvo\u0159\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st tohoto syst\u00e9\u00admu. Dobr\u00e1 koordinace a znalost jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed za v\u0161ech druh\u016f situac\u00ed si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 zachycen\u00ed v\u0161ech t\u011bchto mo\u017e\u00adnost\u00ed v provozn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du pracovi\u0161\u0165 CPP-RPP, kter\u00fd je p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm. CPP a RPP v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v distri\u00adbuci operativn\u00edch informac\u00ed a dat pro komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely a to jak pro sd\u011blovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky v\u0161ech druh\u016f, \u00fadr\u017eby silnic a d\u00e1lnic, tak i pro dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edky.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>MEZIN\u00c1RODNI AKTIVITY \u010cHM\u00da<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V letech 1993-1999 v\u00fdznamn\u011b vzrostla i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce. Po rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010cR vstoupila \u010cR po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1993 znovu do Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (SMO) jako nov\u00fd st\u00e1t. Multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce \u010cHM\u00da s SMO se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let 1992-1999 st\u00e1le prohlubovala a na 12. Kongre\u00adsu t\u00e9to organizace v roce 1995 byl p\u0159edstavitel \u010cHM\u00da zvolen do nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho org\u00e1nu t\u00e9to organizace &#8211; V\u00fdkonn\u00e9 rady. St\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det odborn\u00edk\u016f z \u00fastavu se zapojuje do \u010dinnosti komi\u00ads\u00ed a odborn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch skupin SMO, co\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159i\u00adsp\u00edv\u00e1 k odborn\u00e9mu r\u016fstu pracovn\u00edk\u016f. \u010cHM\u00da se zapojil i do aktivit spojen\u00fdch s Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dek\u00e1dou pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u00adrodn\u00edch katastrof (IDNDR).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z dal\u0161\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch aktivit lze zm\u00ednit podeps\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 smlouvy o spolupr\u00e1ci \u010cHM\u00da s organizac\u00ed EUMETSAT v roce 1995, kter\u00e1 zaru\u010duje p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm z meteorologic\u00adk\u00fdch dru\u017eic s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm a v cel\u00e9m rozsahu produk\u00adt\u016f. Odborn\u00edci z \u010cHM\u00da se st\u00e1le v\u00edce zapojuj\u00ed i do evropsk\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projekt\u016f COST (radary apod.). V posledn\u00edch letech se pracovn\u00edci \u00fastavu pod\u00edlej\u00ed i na spole\u010dn\u00fdch projek\u00adtech evropsk\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb EUMETNET.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce \u010cHM\u00da na v\u00fdvoji a operativn\u00edm provozu numerick\u00e9ho p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho modelu ALADIN je velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 a bude proto podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1na v dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch tohoto \u010d\u00edsla Meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. Model je spo\u00adle\u010dn\u011b po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n meteorologick\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami \u0161esti st\u0159edoevrop\u00adsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed &#8211; Chorvatska, Ma\u010farska, Rakouska, Slovenska, Slovinska a \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e9 se za t\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem spojily do projektu LACE (Limited Area model for Central Europe). Podle p\u016fvodn\u00edho projektu m\u011bl b\u00fdt model dvakr\u00e1t denn\u011b ope\u00adrativn\u011b po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n na spole\u010dn\u00e9m superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010di ve V\u00eddni. Po p\u0159e\u00adchodn\u00e9m nezdaru rakousk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti projektu a prozat\u00edmn\u00edm po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho modelu ALADIN v M\u00e9t\u00e9o France v Toulouse se \u010cHM\u00da poda\u0159ilo v roce 1997 zakoupit nov\u00fd superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d SX-4\/3A od japonsk\u00e9 firmy NEC a instalovat jej v Komo\u0159anech. Model je tak od poloviny roku 1998 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n operativn\u011b v Praze a v\u00fdsledky jsou ka\u017edodenn\u011b distribuov\u00e1ny do v\u0161ech zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u011bti \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho projek\u00adtu LACE. Je to velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i \u00fasp\u011bch \u010cHM\u00da, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1zal z\u00edskat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed pro\u00adst\u0159edky na superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed centra v Praze a z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u00e1t dohromady t\u00fdm mlad\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f na numerick\u00e9 mode\u00adlov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">K nejlep\u0161\u00edm partner\u016fm v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed spolu\u00adpr\u00e1ci v meteorologii a klimatologii pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Francie, N\u011bmecko, \u0160v\u00fdcarsko, dal\u0161\u00ed st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a d\u00e1le USA. Dlouhodob\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce s M\u00e9t\u00e9o France je po celou \u0159adu let velice p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e1, a postupn\u011b se roz\u0161i\u0159uje ze spolupr\u00e1ce v nume\u00adrick\u00e9m modelov\u00e1n\u00ed i na dal\u0161\u00ed obory s d\u016frazem na vyu\u017eit\u00ed rada\u00adr\u016f a v\u00fdstup\u016f z model\u016f. S USA spolupracuje \u010cHM\u00da jednak na problematice p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed bou\u0159kov\u00fdch situac\u00ed a v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b i na v\u00fdvoji p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch a varovn\u00fdch povod\u0148ov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V hydrologii se zapojil \u010cHM\u00da do spolupr\u00e1ce s SMO v r\u00e1mci Programu operativn\u00ed hydrologie a vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v projektu v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu operativn\u00ed hydro\u00adlogie HOMS. Pracovn\u00edci \u00fastavu t\u00e9\u017e aktivn\u011b pracuj\u00ed v mezin\u00e1\u00adrodn\u00edch komis\u00edch pro ochranu Labe, Odry a Dunaje a v pro\u00adgramech koordinovan\u00fdch UNESCO. Krom\u011b t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ce existuje i intenzivn\u00ed bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se sou\u00adsedn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi (N\u011bmecko, Polsko, Slovensko) a v posled\u00adn\u00edch letech i s USA, Holandskem, Franci\u00ed a D\u00e1nskem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se \u010cHM\u00da v uveden\u00e9m obdob\u00ed pod\u00edlel na aktivit\u00e1ch programu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry (GAW) pod patronac\u00ed SMO, na projektech PHARE pro sle\u00addov\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed v severn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch a Slezsku, na mezi\u00adn\u00e1rodn\u00edch srovn\u00e1vac\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch a na projektech \u0159e\u0161\u00edc\u00edch d\u00e1lkov\u00fd p\u0159enos zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed p\u0159es hranice st\u00e1tu organi\u00adzovan\u00fdch chemick\u00fdm centrem EMEP\/EHK OSN. Nar\u016fst\u00e1 i spolupr\u00e1ce odborn\u00edk\u016f z \u010cHM\u00da v r\u00e1mci projektu PHARE Topi\u010d Link. I v oblasti ovzdu\u0161\u00ed existuj\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s Bavorskem, Saskem, N\u011bmeckem jako celkem, Polskem, Slovenskem a Rakouskem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">D\u016fle\u017eitou \u010d\u00e1st mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch aktivit \u010cHM\u00da tvo\u0159\u00ed od roku 1996 poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pomoci \u010cR rozvojov\u00fdm zem\u00edm. V posledn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159ech letech po\u0159\u00e1dal \u010cHM\u00da v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to pomoci tr\u00e9ninkov\u00e9 kurzy, pom\u00e1hal instalovat a kalibrovat p\u0159\u00edstroje, zejm\u00e9na pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ozonu, zav\u00e1d\u011bt datab\u00e1zov\u00fd syst\u00e9m CLICOM, apod. P\u0159i t\u00e9to pomoci spolupracuje \u010cHM\u00da s SMO.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>SPOLUPR\u00c1CE \u010cHM\u00da S PARTNERSK\u00ddMI ORGANIZACEMI V \u010cR<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ve sv\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed o modernizaci postup\u016f zejm\u00e9na v meteoro\u00adlogii a klimatologii se \u010cHM\u00da za\u010dal st\u00e1le v\u00edce op\u00edrat o spolu\u00adpr\u00e1ci s odborn\u00edky z jin\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z \u00dastavu fyzi\u00adky atmosf\u00e9ry AV \u010cR a z Matematicko-fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed fakulty UK. Tato spolupr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edve nebyla na dostate\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni, se postupn\u011b zlep\u0161uje a st\u00e1le v\u00edce se da\u0159\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch grantov\u00fdch projekt\u016f, jejich\u017e v\u00fdsledky neslou\u017e\u00ed pouze pro \u201e\u010distou&#8221; v\u011bdu, ale nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00ed praxi \u010cHM\u00da. Ke klad\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed i velmi dobr\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce \u010cHM\u00da s meteorology z Pov\u011btrnostn\u00edho \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed (P\u00da) Arm\u00e1dy \u010cR. Spolupr\u00e1ce se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prohlubuje a v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce vy\u00fastila v realizaci v\u00fdstavby spole\u010dn\u00e9ho radiolok\u00e1toru pro oblast \u010cech na kopci Praha v Brdech, jeho\u017e instalace je v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nelze zm\u00ednit ani dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd faktor s pozitivn\u00edmi dopa\u00addy na kvalitu pr\u00e1ce \u00fastavu, a t\u00edm je postupuj\u00edc\u00ed prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce mezi jeho jednotliv\u00fdmi obory. Ta se projevuje p\u0159i vyv\u00edjen\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu varovn\u00e9 a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed slu\u017eby zejm\u00e9na pro povod\u0148ov\u00e9 situace, budovan\u00e9m spole\u010dn\u011b meteo\u00adrology s hydrology. Nezapomn\u011blo se p\u0159i tom ani na \u010dinnosti p\u0159i vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed smogov\u00fdch situac\u00ed, kde mus\u00ed meteorolog \u00fazce spolupracovat s odborn\u00edkem na sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce a koordinace postup\u016f se uplat\u00ad\u0148uje i v dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech a je nezbytn\u00e1 p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed moder\u00adnizace hlavn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed \u00fastavu (pozorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, datov\u00e9 p\u0159e\u00adnosy, datab\u00e1ze, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed geografick\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9\u00adm\u016f (GIS) atd.).<\/span><\/p><\/div><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Z\u00c1V\u011aR<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159i vstupu do roku 2000 a dal\u0161\u00edho mil\u00e9nia se bude \u010cHM\u00da zam\u011b\u0159ovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na dal\u0161\u00ed modernizaci a automatizaci m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a t\u00e9\u017e intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed grafick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a jejich p\u0159enos\u016f a\u017e k u\u017eivatel\u016fm po internetu a dal\u0161\u00edch moder\u00adn\u00edch komunika\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch. Pochopiteln\u011b se budou vel\u00admi efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat pokro\u010dil\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u00ad\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed radarov\u00fdch informac\u00ed, informac\u00ed z p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 generace satelit\u016f, co\u017e se neobejde bez modern\u00edho programo\u00adv\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed pro meteorology, a\u0165 ji\u017e synoptiky \u010di leteck\u00e9 meteorology.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pokro\u010d\u00ed i klimatologie, kde budou vy\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny modern\u00ed data\u00adb\u00e1zov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a pro v\u00fdstupy informac\u00ed geografick\u00e9 infor\u00adma\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my (GIS). Lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed d\u016frazu na zkou\u00adm\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu a jej\u00edch potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopad\u016f zejm\u00e9na z region\u00e1ln\u00edho hlediska. Bude t\u0159eba d\u00e1le zlep\u0161it p\u0159ed\u00adpov\u011bdn\u00ed slu\u017ebu, a to jak p\u0159i zp\u0159es\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (nowcasting), tak i zlep\u0161en\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch a spe\u00adci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. K tomu bude vyu\u017eit i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd v\u00fdvoj numerick\u00e9ho p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho modelu ALADIN a dal\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch model\u016f. P\u0159\u00ednosem bude i p\u0159istoupen\u00ed \u010cR k Evropsk\u00e9mu centru pro st\u0159edn\u011bdobou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f v Readin\u00adgu, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inese \u0159adu v\u00fdhod v\u010detn\u011b prodlou\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed na 10 dn\u016f a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sez\u00f3nn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch na z\u00e1klad\u011b statistick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstup\u016f z model\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V \u00fastavu se bude d\u00e1le prohlubovat integrace pozorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed a varovn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. V t\u00e9to souvislosti vzros\u00adte spolupr\u00e1ce nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d hlavn\u00edmi obory &#8211; tj. spolupr\u00e1ce meteo\u00adrolog\u016f s hydrology a specialisty z ochrany \u010distoty ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b s odborn\u00edky z oblasti po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a teleko\u00admunikac\u00ed. \u010cHM\u00da se bude st\u00e1le v\u00edce orientovat na p\u0159izp\u016fso\u00adben\u00ed v\u00fdstup\u016f z \u00fastavu pot\u0159eb\u00e1m u\u017eivatel\u016f, a to jak ob\u010dan\u016f, tak st\u00e1tn\u00ed administrativy a podnikov\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry. \u00dastav se bude t\u00e9\u017e v\u00edce sna\u017eit pomoci p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f z oblasti \u017eivotn\u00ed\u00adho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 budou vy\u017eadovat komplexn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a spo\u00adlupr\u00e1ci s dal\u0161\u00edmi obory.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Bude t\u0159eba d\u00e1le zlep\u0161ovat spolupr\u00e1ci s odborn\u00edky z aka\u00addemick\u00fdch a univerzitn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 a Arm\u00e1dy \u010cR a v nepo\u00adsledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b modernizovat i p\u0159\u00edpravu odborn\u00edk\u016f pro pot\u0159eby \u00fastavu na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Pravideln\u00fdm do\u0161kolov\u00e1n\u00edm a p\u0159\u00edpravou na pou\u017eit\u00ed modern\u00edch metod budou muset pro\u00adch\u00e1zet v\u0161ichni kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00ed pracovn\u00edci \u010cHM\u00da. Kone\u010dn\u011b \u00fastav se zapoj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce zejm\u00e9na s evrop\u00adsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi tak, aby p\u0159i vstupu \u010cR do Evropsk\u00e9 unie byly v\u0161echny obory \u00fastavu na \u00farovni obdobn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed u kl\u00ed\u010do\u00adv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f EU. Proto je t\u0159eba, abychom pro spln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto c\u00edl\u016f d\u011blali maximum ji\u017e te\u010f, p\u0159i vstupu do roku 2000.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Ivan Obrusn\u00edk, MZ 1999\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 52, str. 165-169<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00daVOD Po\u010d\u00e1tek roku 1993 byl pro dal\u0161\u00ed osudy \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydro\u00admeteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu (\u010cHM\u00da) velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd ze dvou hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f &#8211; do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b jeho ekonomick\u00e9ho statu\u00adtu, kdy se \u00fastav stal m\u00edsto [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11795","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11795"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11795\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11799,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11795\/revisions\/11799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}