{"id":11720,"date":"2025-01-05T09:31:53","date_gmt":"2025-01-05T08:31:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=11720"},"modified":"2025-01-05T09:35:15","modified_gmt":"2025-01-05T08:35:15","slug":"rozhovor-s-reditelem-ceskeho-hydrometeorologickeho-ustavu-ing-ivanem-obrusnikem-drsc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/rozhovor-s-reditelem-ceskeho-hydrometeorologickeho-ustavu-ing-ivanem-obrusnikem-drsc\/","title":{"rendered":"ROZHOVOR S \u0158EDITELEM \u010cESK\u00c9HO HYDROMETEOROLOGICK\u00c9HO \u00daSTAVU ING. IVANEM OBRUSN\u00cdKEM, DrSc."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11720\" class=\"elementor elementor-11720\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8b348f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8b348f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61c5846\" data-id=\"61c5846\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-467459d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"467459d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>1. Pane \u0159editeli, v prvn\u00ed etap\u011b sv\u00e9ho dosud jeden\u00e1ctilet\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v \u010dele \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu jste upravil p\u0159i konsolidaci \u00fastavu organizaci z trojstup\u0148ov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na dvojstup\u0148ov\u00e9 &#8211; s v\u00fdjimkou \u00faseku meteorologie a klimatologie &#8211; a zredukoval po\u010det \u00fatvar\u016f, a t\u00edm i vedouc\u00edch, z 69 na 49. Bylo to natolik proz\u00edrav\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed, \u017ee jste tuto strukturu nemusel v z\u00e1sad\u011b m\u011bnit, nebo jste k tomu m\u011bl jin\u00e9 d\u016fvody?<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Bylo t\u0159eba zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivnost \u00fastavu a pochopiteln\u011b se to t\u00fdkalo i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba, aby cesta od \u0159adov\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka k nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni veden\u00ed nebyla dlouh\u00e1 a komplikovan\u00e1 a aby operativnost \u00fastavu a v\u0161ech jeho \u00fatvar\u016f byla na v\u00fd\u0161i. \u00dasek meteorologie a klimatologie m\u00e1 nejv\u00edc lid\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strukturu, a proto je jedin\u00fdm \u00fasekem, kde d\u00e1le existuje t\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e9 veden\u00ed. Struktura veden\u00ed \u00fastavu b\u011b\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b oborov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, kdy je ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fasek veden p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm n\u00e1m\u011bstkem, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 existuje pro syst\u00e9m pobo\u010dek i veden\u00ed \u0159editel \u00fastavu &#8211; \u0159editel\u00e9 pobo\u010dek, p\u0159i \u010dem\u017e odborn\u00e1 odd\u011blen\u00ed na pobo\u010dk\u00e1ch jsou metodicky \u0159\u00edzena n\u00e1m\u011bstky. Nenalezli jsme zat\u00edm lep\u0161\u00ed a zcela jednozna\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob veden\u00ed pro pobo\u010dky, ale p\u0159i pochopen\u00ed situace n\u00e1m\u011bstky i \u0159editeli pobo\u010dek dosavadn\u00ed zp\u016fsob funguje velmi dob\u0159e.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>2. V rozhovoru poskytnut\u00e9m Meteorologick\u00fdm zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m v prvn\u00edm roce Va\u0161eho \u201e\u0159editelov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c v roce 1993 jste konstatoval: \u201e&#8230;Dosavadn\u00ed naprosto nekoordinovan\u00fd zp\u016fsob n\u00e1kupu a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed a telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed techniky v \u010cHM\u00da byl ne\u00fanosn\u00fd a byla p\u0159i n\u011bm utracena zbyte\u010dn\u00e1 spousta pen\u011bz&#8230; Za sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed \u00fakol pova\u017euji pr\u00e1v\u011b to, abych plnil funkci koordin\u00e1tora a p\u0159itom neprote\u017eoval z\u00e1jmy jednoho \u00faseku oproti druh\u00e9mu. Technologick\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u00fastavu (vstupy, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, archivace) je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n tak, jak tomu nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 koncepce a \u0161patn\u00e1 koordinovanost v minulosti dovoluje. Intenzivn\u011b ji\u017e pracujeme na zlep\u0161en\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky tohoto \u00fasil\u00ed se ji\u017e za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed projevovat.\u201c Je mo\u017en\u00e9 s odstupem \u010dasu vyhodnotit, co se poda\u0159ilo a na co se v budoucnu zam\u011b\u0159\u00edte?<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee do\u0161lo ke zna\u010dn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu n\u00e1kupu a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed a telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed techniky. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed komise i zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu po\u017eadavkov\u00fdch list\u016f. Odborn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky jsou v\u017edy p\u0159edem projedn\u00e1ny na komisi v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky. Pro koncep\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce byla vytvo\u0159ena komise pro datab\u00e1zov\u00e9 a informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed ur\u010dit hlavn\u00ed sm\u011br \u010dinnosti \u00fastavu v t\u00e9to oblasti a postup realizace. Poda\u0159ilo se sjednotit v\u0161echny t\u0159i odborn\u00e9 \u00faseky \u00fastavu na vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho datab\u00e1zov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ORACLE, byl vytvo\u0159en jednotn\u00fd syst\u00e9m automatick\u00e9ho sb\u011bru a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat p\u0159\u00edmo do datab\u00e1ze, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159evzat z klimatologick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu CLIDATA a upraven a odzkou\u0161en pro cel\u00fd \u00fastav na ostravsk\u00e9 pobo\u010dce. Zaveden byl i ur\u010dit\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u201eposunov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c PC b\u011bhem doby jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed od \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch specialist\u016f k pracovn\u00edk\u016fm s men\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1roky na tuto techniku. V cel\u00e9m procesu investic do v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky i do telekomunikac\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b internetu\/intranetu je t\u0159eba p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eet i k finan\u010dn\u00edm mo\u017enostem, a proto jsou v\u0161ude krom\u011b odborn\u00edk\u016f z centra i pobo\u010dek zastoupeni i ekonomov\u00e9. Na\u0161\u00ed snahou je, aby v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technika i software slou\u017eily v\u00edce obor\u016fm sou\u010dasn\u011b. Odhad finan\u010dn\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed je obvykle obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd vzhledem k ur\u010dit\u00e9 nestabilit\u011b financov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fastavu jako celku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i k pomal\u00e9mu postupu schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch projekt\u016f a grant\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky (PHARE, ISPA a dal\u0161\u00ed). V budoucnu se pot\u0159ebujeme zam\u011b\u0159it na pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed na dobu n\u011bkolika let, i na to, aby ke v\u0161em chystan\u00fdm v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm investi\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1m\u011br\u016fm existoval \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zdokumentovan\u00fd projekt a pochopiteln\u011b i dal\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a sd\u00edlen\u00ed dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed techniky v\u00edce obory. \u010cek\u00e1 n\u00e1s i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1vaznosti na informa\u010dn\u00ed a jin\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v EU i zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ISO 9000.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>3. T\u00e9ma: \u010cHM\u00da jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkov\u00e1 organizace &#8211; v\u00fdhody a omezen\u00ed. V roce 1993 \u010dinil st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 200 milion\u016f a v\u00fdnos z v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u010dinil 32 milion\u016f K\u010d. Jak\u00e1 je sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace a hlavn\u011b: je dost zdroj\u016f na inovaci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (investice), rozvojov\u00e9 programy, udr\u017een\u00ed \u201ekonkurenceschopnosti\u201c?<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee p\u0159echod z rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkovou organizaci byl spr\u00e1vn\u00fd a pr\u00e1v\u011b rostouc\u00ed prost\u0159edky z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00e9 z komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti umo\u017enily \u00fastavu pokra\u010dovat v \u010dinnosti i za podm\u00ednek stagnace a \u010dasto i redukce st\u00e1tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku v minul\u00fdch letech. Zaveden\u00ed odpis\u016f pomohlo p\u0159i investi\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti \u00fastavu. Komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost znamenala zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed orientace informac\u00ed a slu\u017eeb \u00fastavu na z\u00e1kazn\u00edky a nutnost b\u00fdt konkurenceschopn\u00fd vedla ke zrychlen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje. Ur\u010dit\u00fdm omezen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkov\u00e9 organizace je p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed omezen\u00e1 mo\u017enost motivace pracovn\u00edk\u016f ve mzdov\u00e9 oblasti a n\u011bkdy i rozpory mezi t\u00edm, co m\u00e1 \u00fastav poskytovat bezplatn\u011b, a naopak co na komer\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1zi. \u010cHM\u00da v obdob\u00ed posledn\u00edch let pomohl program na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b automatick\u00e9ho imisn\u00edho monitoringu a projekty PHARE, kter\u00e9 podstatn\u011b zlep\u0161ily infrastrukturu \u00fastavu. K rozvoji \u00fastavu od roku 2004 by m\u011bl p\u0159isp\u011bt za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00fd projekt pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b podzemn\u00edch vod financovan\u00fd z programu ISPA a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velk\u00fd \u010dty\u0159let\u00fd Program modernizace p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed a v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u010cHM\u00da. Podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch informac\u00ed by m\u011blo do konce roku 2007 doj\u00edt ke zru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkov\u00fdch organizac\u00ed, a proto veden\u00ed hled\u00e1 vhodnou alternativu statutu \u00fastavu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>4. V roce 1999 do\u0161lo k integraci meteorologick\u00fdch a hydrologick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 na \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed v Praze-Komo\u0159anech a na pobo\u010dk\u00e1ch a posl\u00e9ze i ke slou\u010den\u00ed synoptick\u00e9 a leteck\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby do Centr\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho pracovi\u0161t\u011b (CPP). Tato pracovi\u0161t\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky P\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed a v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9 slu\u017eby (PVS) \u010cHM\u00da. Jak se tato organizace osv\u011bd\u010dila v krizov\u00fdch situac\u00edch, jak\u00fdmi byly katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed povode\u0148 v roce 2002 nebo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b such\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed v minul\u00e9m roce?<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee zm\u011bny v organizaci PVS p\u0159i\u0161ly pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u010das a byly vyvol\u00e1ny, mj. i vyhodnocen\u00edm \u010dinnosti \u00fastavu za velk\u00e9 povodn\u011b v roce 1997. Bylo nutn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it operativnost v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9 slu\u017eby, integrovat ji mezioborov\u011b a d\u00e1t ji pod jedno organiza\u010dn\u00ed veden\u00ed a zodpov\u011bdnost. K tomu do\u0161lo vytvo\u0159en\u00edm CPP spojen\u00e9ho s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi region\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edmi pracovi\u0161ti RPP na pobo\u010dk\u00e1ch. V\u0161e bylo nutn\u00e9 propojit dob\u0159e funguj\u00edc\u00ed telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou s\u00edt\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e jsme museli prodlou\u017eit interval povod\u0148ov\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi a zajistit spolupr\u00e1ci hydrolog\u016f s meteorology p\u0159\u00edmo na p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch. Zavedli jsme vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstup\u016f z model\u016f po\u010das\u00ed v hydrologick\u00e9 progn\u00f3ze a operativn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ekoodtokov\u00fdch model\u016f pro hlavn\u00ed toky v CR. V\u0161ichni pracovn\u00edci progn\u00f3zy za\u010dali d\u016fsledn\u011bji pracovat s radarov\u00fdmi informacemi. Velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 bylo nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edch kontakt\u016f p\u016fvodn\u011b s Civiln\u00ed ochranou a nyn\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s Hasi\u010dsk\u00fdm z\u00e1chrann\u00fdm sborem na \u00farovni centra a pobo\u010dek. Vytvo\u0159ili jsme tak\u00e9 syst\u00e9m integrovan\u00e9 v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9 slu\u017eby (SIVS) spolu s arm\u00e1dn\u00edmi meteorology i sjednocen\u00fd form\u00e1t v\u00fdstup\u016f (upozorn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u00fdstrahy apod.).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Leteck\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 slu\u017eba byla na pracovi\u0161t\u011b CPP p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bna z Ruzyn\u011b, av\u0161ak po\u0159\u00e1d si udr\u017euje ur\u010dit\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed. P\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed vedlo ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed kontakt\u016f s meteorology na pracovi\u0161ti \u010cHM\u00da v Praze-Komo\u0159anech a k lep\u0161\u00edmu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech informac\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch v centru \u00fastavu. Nyn\u00ed jsou lete\u010dt\u00ed meteorologov\u00e9 \u201eve sv\u00e9m\u201c a m\u016f\u017eeme tak pro n\u011b l\u00e9pe zajistit v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, ne\u017e tomu bylo ve velmi omezen\u00fdch n\u00e1jemn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch na leti\u0161ti<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u010cinnost \u00fastavu b\u011bhem povodn\u011b 2002 jednozna\u010dn\u011b uk\u00e1zala zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed operativnosti i kvality PVS \u010cHM\u00da a jej\u00ed dobr\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci krizov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a integrovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u010cR. Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitosti kvalitn\u00ed \u010dinnosti PVS \u010cHM\u00da pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i krizov\u00fdch situac\u00edch vedla i k tomu, \u017ee byl vl\u00e1dou schv\u00e1len rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd Program modernizace t\u00e9to slu\u017eby na l\u00e9ta 2004-2007.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sucho je pon\u011bkud odli\u0161n\u00fd probl\u00e9m, nebo\u0165 se jedn\u00e1 o pomal\u00fd a obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159edpov\u00eddateln\u00fd proces. Zde se uplatnilo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed re\u017eimov\u00fdch klimatologick\u00fdch a hydro- logick\u00fdch datab\u00e1z\u00ed a \u00fastav se pod\u00edlel hlavn\u011b na vyhodnocen\u00ed rozsahu a dopad\u016f sucha p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na zem\u011bd\u011blskou \u010dinnost zhodnocen\u00ed o stavu podzemn\u00edch vod, a progn\u00f3zu v\u00fdvoje t\u011bchto z\u00e1sob na nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed pro vl\u00e1du \u010cR. B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed sucha a sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho velk\u00e9ho horka loni v l\u00e9t\u011b vzrostl z\u00e1jem lid\u00ed o p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed. T\u011b\u0161ili se na p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f sr\u00e1\u017eek a ochlazen\u00ed, co\u017e je v \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00edm\u201c l\u00e9t\u011b neobvykl\u00e9. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee se v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b poda\u0159\u00ed na mo\u017en\u00e9 such\u00e9 periody systematicky p\u0159ipravovat formou v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho projektu, aby v dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edchodu sucha (i horka) byli jak pracovn\u00edci \u00fastavu, tak i zem\u011bd\u011blci a vodohospod\u00e1\u0159i na tuto situaci p\u0159ipraveni.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>5. V souvislosti s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm t\u00e9matem se nask\u00fdt\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry se v \u010cHM\u00da uplat\u0148uj\u00ed v praktick\u00e9 podob\u011b nov\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed metody a v \u010dem se nejv\u00edce projevuj\u00ed. Jde nap\u0159. o d\u00e1lkovou detekci atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch jev\u016f, aplikaci numerick\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch model\u016f, hydrologick\u00fdch model\u016f apod.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nov\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed metody, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na radarov\u00fdch \u010di dru\u017eicov\u00fdch informac\u00edch a v\u00fdsledc\u00edch numerick\u00fdch model\u016f po\u010das\u00ed, sr\u00e1\u017ekoodtokov\u00fdch model\u016f, a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i model\u016f pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, se v \u010cHM\u00da uplat\u0148uj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce. Sna\u017e\u00edme se pou\u017e\u00edvat modely po\u010das\u00ed na kr\u00e1tkodobou (ALA- DIN) i st\u0159edn\u011bdobou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f (glob\u00e1ln\u00ed modely i modely z Evropsk\u00e9ho centra pro st\u0159edn\u011bdobou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f), a jejich v\u00fdstupy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jak hydrologov\u00e9, tak i specialist\u00e9 na ochranu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Je to celosv\u011btov\u00fd trend a my nem\u016f\u017eeme z\u016fstat pozadu. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edme se v\u00fdvoje model\u016f p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v projektu ALADIN ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Franci\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me spole\u010dn\u011b vyv\u00edjet zcela nov\u00fd model ALADIN-2 s rozli\u0161en\u00edm 2,5 km! Jsem r\u00e1d, \u017ee k tomu m\u00e1me nejen vybaven\u00ed (nyn\u00ed nov\u00fd superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d SX-6 od firmy NEC), ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm schopn\u00fd t\u00fdm lid\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed model\u016f do denn\u00ed operativn\u00ed praxe a jejich efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. To klade velk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky jak na vybaven\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj metodik, tak i na \u00farove\u0148 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich pracovn\u00edk\u016f. \u00dastav proto p\u0159ikro\u010dil k zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f ve v\u0161ech oborech.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>6. \u010cHM\u00da je p\u0159edstavitelem \u010cesk\u00e9 hydrometeorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Existuje v\u0161ak tradi\u010dn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi pracovi\u0161ti, zejm\u00e9na na poli v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm. Jak tuto spolupr\u00e1ci hodnot\u00edte?<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee tato spolupr\u00e1ce se i se zlep\u0161en\u00edm kontakt\u016f a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 informovanosti o nov\u00fdch projektech oproti minul\u00fdm obdob\u00edm zlep\u0161ila. Ur\u010dit\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je zna\u010dn\u00e1 rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnost t\u00e9mat grantov\u00fdch projekt\u016f a n\u011bkdy i to, \u017ee pracovn\u00edci akademick\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165 jsou hodnoceni p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm podle publikac\u00ed a nikoliv podle toho, zda maj\u00ed jimi objeven\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti a postupy vyu\u017eit\u00ed v praxi. M\u00e1me dobr\u00e9 kontakty p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s Katedrou meteorologie a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed MFF UK i s \u00dastavem fyziky atmosf\u00e9ry AV \u010cR a podobn\u00e9 kontakty s vysok\u00fdmi \u0161kolami a v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi pracovi\u0161ti se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed i v regionech. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00e1m i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed projekt\u016f z programu v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje (VaV), vypisovan\u00fdch ministerstvy \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed apod. Pot\u0159ebujeme v\u0161ak v\u00edce odborn\u011b zdatn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm jazykov\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou sout\u011b\u017eit o grantov\u00e9 projekty, a to nejen v \u010cR, ale i na projektech vypisovan\u00fdch EU. Byl bych r\u00e1d, kdyby byli pracovn\u00edci \u010cHM\u00da zv\u00e1ni jako spolu\u0159e\u0161itel\u00e9 \u010di \u0159e\u0161itel\u00e9 projekt\u016f, pod\u00edlej\u00edc\u00ed se na v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, a nebyli sp\u00ed\u0161e jen dodavateli dat a informac\u00ed pro hlavn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161itele.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>7. Za Va\u0161eho p\u016fsoben\u00ed do\u0161lo k rozvoji mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce ve v\u0161ech oborech p\u016fsobnosti \u00fastavu. Jak posuzujete nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aktivity a jak je \u010cHM\u00da p\u0159ipraven splnit v\u0161echny po\u017eadavky spojen\u00e9 se vstupem \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky do Evropsk\u00e9 unie od kv\u011btna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku?<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce se v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b rozrostla. Souvis\u00ed to jak s uvoln\u011bn\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed situace a usnadn\u011bn\u00edm kontakt\u016f se zem\u011bmi z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy a USA, tak i se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed aktivity p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce. Pochopiteln\u011b k tomu do\u0161lo ve v\u0161ech t\u0159ech oborech, i kdy\u017e v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z nich je situace pon\u011bkud jin\u00e1. Ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b je velmi dob\u0159e organizov\u00e1na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v meteorologii a klimatologii p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pomoc\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace (SMO), kter\u00e1 je i v r\u00e1mci Evropy organizov\u00e1na v region\u00e1ln\u00ed asociaci SMO RA VI. Pokud jde o evropsk\u00e9 struktury, \u00fastav se p\u0159idru\u017eil k Evropsk\u00e9mu centru pro st\u0159edn\u011bdobou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f (ECMWF) v Readingu, od roku 2005 se obdobn\u011b p\u0159idru\u017e\u00ed k organizaci EUMETSAT, pracovn\u00edci \u00fastavu spolupracuj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci programu evropsk\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb EUMETNET apod. Obdobn\u011b spolupracuje s SMO \u010cHM\u00da i v hydrologii \u010di ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a ve v\u0161ech oborech se zv\u00fd\u0161ila i spolupr\u00e1ce bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed. V hydrologii a ochran\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s \u0159adou evropsk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed. Je tak\u00e9 v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159ena na p\u0159\u00edpravu vstupu \u010cR do EU a pln\u011bn\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch direktiv. \u010cHM\u00da je proto dob\u0159e p\u0159ipraven pro vstup do EU, i kdy\u017e ur\u010dit\u00e9 starosti n\u00e1m d\u011bl\u00e1 person\u00e1ln\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nov\u00fdch agend. Hodn\u011b n\u00e1m pomohlo zlep\u0161en\u00ed infrastruktury financovan\u00e9 z evropsk\u00fdch program\u016f PHARE a ISPA.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>8. V sou\u010dasnosti hlavn\u011b d\u00edky internetu, kter\u00fd je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, je p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed, od klimatick\u00fdch dat p\u0159es aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fadaje o po\u010das\u00ed, a\u017e po \u010derstv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky kvalitn\u00edch numerick\u00fdch model\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry skon\u010dil monopol n\u00e1rodn\u00edch hydrometeorologick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb na poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. Jak si za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed p\u0159ed-stavujete dal\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed a rozvoj na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed slu\u017eby?<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Internet p\u0159inesl \u0159adu klad\u016f pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dat ve v\u0161ech oborech zejm\u00e9na v grafick\u00e9 podob\u011b a znamen\u00e1 velk\u00fd skok ve zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. Jeho probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee za kvalitu uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch informac\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nikdo neru\u010d\u00ed a u\u017eivatel obvykle nerozezn\u00e1, kter\u00e1 informace je v\u011brohodn\u00e1 a kter\u00e1 ne. Proto se \u010cHM\u00da a obecn\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hydrometeorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby sna\u017e\u00ed, aby jimi \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 informace byly dostate\u010dn\u011b spolehliv\u00e9, a aby to u\u017eivatel\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli. Slu\u017eby tak ztrat\u00ed monopol, av\u0161ak na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b sv\u00e9 v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed postaven\u00ed v poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00fdch informac\u00ed z\u00edskaj\u00ed zp\u011bt t\u00edm, \u017ee budou po\u0159\u00e1d \u201enejlep\u0161\u00ed\u201c. Je to t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd \u00fakol a ur\u010dit\u00e9 konkurenci z \u0159ad amat\u00e9r\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed informace, se ned\u00e1 zcela zabr\u00e1nit.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b vznik\u00e1 probl\u00e9m v komer\u010dn\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, proto\u017ee informace uveden\u00e1 voln\u011b na internetu se d\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eko prod\u00e1vat z\u00e1kazn\u00edkovi. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu n\u00e1rodn\u00ed slu\u017eby uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm data a informace ur\u010den\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, kde\u017eto speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi a informace dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b smluv. V hydrologii a ochran\u011b \u010distoty ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je situace jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a prakticky v\u0161echna data a informace jsou voln\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9. I v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, zejm\u00e9na u nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch (prim\u00e1rn\u00edch) dat, hroz\u00ed n\u011bkdy jejich nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdklad laick\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pozitivn\u00ed je, \u017ee v\u0161echny n\u00e1rodn\u00ed slu\u017eby se sna\u017e\u00ed dodr\u017eovat doporu\u010den\u00ed SMO a v krizov\u00fdch situac\u00edch sv\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky zcela \u201eotev\u0159ou\u201c. T\u00edm zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u00ed v\u0161echny informace (i prim\u00e1rn\u00ed data), kter\u00e1 mohou b\u00fdt v dob\u011b krizov\u00e9 situace u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt takov\u00e9to \u201eotev\u0159en\u00ed\u201c internetu \u010cHM\u00da v dob\u011b povodn\u011b 1997 (kdy se to zkou\u0161elo poprv\u00e9) a zejm\u00e9na \u00fapln\u00e9 zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u201epovod\u0148ov\u00fdch\u201c str\u00e1nek \u010cHM\u00da p\u0159i katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed povodni v roce 2002. Tyto informace byly s v\u00fdhodou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jak org\u00e1ny krizov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na v\u0161ech stupn\u00edch (krom\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed cesty \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto informac\u00ed pomoc\u00ed Hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho sboru), tak i p\u0159\u00edmo ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed v oblastech ohro\u017een\u00fdch povodn\u00ed. Z\u00e1v\u011brem bych cht\u011bl dodat, \u017ee se mus\u00edme st\u00e1le v\u00edce sna\u017eit pod\u00e1vat na\u0161e informace p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v grafick\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 srozumiteln\u00e9 form\u011b, a nejl\u00e9pe na mapov\u00fdch podkladech s vyu\u017eit\u00edm GIS. Plat\u00ed to nejen pro internet, ale nap\u0159. i pro televizi.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Za redakci Meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v se t\u00e1zal Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd, MZ 2004\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 57, str. 1-3<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Pane \u0159editeli, v prvn\u00ed etap\u011b sv\u00e9ho dosud jeden\u00e1ctilet\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v \u010dele \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu jste upravil p\u0159i konsolidaci \u00fastavu organizaci z trojstup\u0148ov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na dvojstup\u0148ov\u00e9 &#8211; s v\u00fdjimkou \u00faseku [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11720","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11720","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11720"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11720\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11724,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11720\/revisions\/11724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}