{"id":11446,"date":"2025-01-04T14:53:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-04T13:53:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=11446"},"modified":"2025-01-04T14:54:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-04T13:54:58","slug":"2013-mezinarodni-rok-vodni-spoluprace","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/2013-mezinarodni-rok-vodni-spoluprace\/","title":{"rendered":"2013 \u2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rok vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11446\" class=\"elementor elementor-11446\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d102871 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d102871\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd16a26\" data-id=\"bd16a26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78bd921 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78bd921\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Slovo \u201erivalita\u201c poch\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u016fvodn\u00edho latinsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu <em>\u201erivalis\u201c<\/em> znamenaj\u00edc\u00edho \u201eten, kdo sd\u00edl\u00ed stejnou \u0159eku s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi\u201c [1]. Na konci roku 2010 Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 OSN vyhl\u00e1silo rok 2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm rokem Vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce. Tomuto t\u00e9matu budou v\u011bnov\u00e1ny i ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed oslavy Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne vody p\u0159ipadaj\u00edc\u00edho na 22. b\u0159ezen. Na \u00favodn\u00edm ceremoni\u00e1lu k za\u010d\u00e1tku Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho roku vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei 11. \u00fanora 2013 byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en i slogan pro tento rok, kter\u00fd vze\u0161el ze sout\u011b\u017ee vice ne\u017e 12 000 zaslan\u00fdch n\u00e1vrh\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Sloganem je <em>\u201eWater water everywhere, only if we share\u201c<\/em>. Ve voln\u00e9m \u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu tedy: <em>\u201eVody nen\u00ed nekone\u010dn\u011b, u\u017e\u00edvejme ji spole\u010dn\u011b\u201c<\/em>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/rok_vody.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"223\" height=\"159\" \/>Voda nezn\u00e1 hranic, celkem 148 st\u00e1t\u016f m\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed povod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zasahuje na \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00edce st\u00e1t\u016f. Na sv\u011bt\u011b je 276 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch povod\u00ed, z toho 68 le\u017e\u00ed v Evrop\u011b, kde je i povod\u00ed s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem sd\u00edlej\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00ed \u2013 Dunaj, jej\u00ed\u017e povod\u00ed zasahuje do celkem 19 st\u00e1t\u016f [2].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Voda je nezbytn\u00e1 pro lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot i spole\u010dnost, voda toti\u017e nen\u00ed jen k pit\u00ed, ale z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na n\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed aktivity \u2013 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, pr\u016fmysl, v\u00fdroba elektrick\u00e9 energie pot\u0159ebuje vodu pro chlazen\u00ed apod. Voda je nezbytn\u00e1 i pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny a ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. Rostouc\u00ed m\u011bsta, rostouc\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 populace a jej\u00ed n\u00e1roky st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1roky na vyu\u017eit\u00ed zdroj\u016f vody, kter\u00e9 je st\u00e1le slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pln\u011b uspokojovat, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a v\u00fdkyv\u016f. Proto je c\u00edlem Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho roku vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce prezentovat p\u0159\u00ednosy spolupr\u00e1ce ve vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkladech takov\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce v r\u016fzn\u00fdch geografick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Je vody dost?<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V na\u0161ich podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch zat\u00edm nedostatek vody plo\u0161n\u011b nezaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1me, existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak obdob\u00ed a lokality, kde mus\u00ed doch\u00e1zet k omezov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby vody z d\u016fvodu jej\u00edho nedostatku. Z hlediska cel\u00e9 Zem\u011b je v\u0161ak situace mnohem nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">780 mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k \u010dist\u00e9 vod\u011b.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">6 a\u017e 8 mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b zem\u0159e v d\u016fsledku katastrof a nemoc\u00ed spjat\u00fdch s vodou.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Populace Zem\u011b nad\u00e1le roste a nad\u00e1le tak rostou n\u00e1roky na spot\u0159ebu vody a to v\u00edce v oblastech s ji\u017e nedostatkem vody nebo zraniteln\u00fdm z hlediska klimatick\u00fdch oscilac\u00ed a zm\u011bn (nap\u0159. Afrika).<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rychle rostouc\u00ed m\u011bsta se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou spot\u0159ebou vody, n\u011bkde hladiny podzemn\u00ed vody d\u00edky tomu poklesly a\u017e o des\u00edtky metr\u016f.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Za 70 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00e9 vody spot\u0159ebuje zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed voda<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kolik vody spot\u0159ebujeme? Velmi snadno lze vypo\u010d\u00edtat, kolik vody p\u0159\u00edmo spot\u0159ebujeme v dom\u00e1cnostech, podle \u010cesk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu v roce 2011 \u010dinila 88,6 litru na osobu a den, p\u0159i zapo\u010dten\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159eby (nap\u0159. ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a pr\u016fmyslu) pak dos\u00e1hla 135,8 litru na osobu a den [3]. Krom\u011b toho ale ve skute\u010dnosti pro sv\u016fj \u017eivot pot\u0159ebujeme, by\u0165 nep\u0159\u00edmo, vody daleko v\u00edce. Voda se spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin, chovu dobytka, v\u00fdrob\u011b v podstat\u011b v\u0161ech v\u011bci, p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b energie. Takto nep\u0159\u00edmo spot\u0159ebovan\u00e1 voda b\u00fdv\u00e1 ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako voda virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed, odhaduje se, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00ed spot\u0159ebuje a\u017e 3 000 litr\u016f virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed vody denn\u011b [2]. V jej\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak nastupuje je\u0161t\u011b jeden dal\u0161\u00ed aspekt a to jej\u00ed import a export. Pokud si zakoup\u00edte v\u00fdrobek, \u010di potraviny poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z Asie, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee jste vlastn\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u011b spot\u0159ebovali i \u010d\u00e1st tamn\u00ed vody nezbytn\u00e9 pro jejich v\u00fdrobu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">UNESCO u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho roku vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce 2013 uv\u00e1d\u00ed jako d\u016fvody p\u0159\u00ednosu vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, \u017ee vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je kl\u00ed\u010dem k bezpe\u010dnosti, odstran\u011bn\u00ed chudoby, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnosti a rovnosti pohlav\u00ed.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 p\u0159i ochran\u011b vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/span><\/li><li class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed m\u00edr.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A\u010dkoliv se \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v budoucnosti budou v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty o vodu, historie ukazuje, \u017ee i kdy\u017e vodn\u00ed infrastruktura se v minulosti stala c\u00edlem vojensk\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f, nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu vojensk\u00e9mu konfliktu kv\u016fli vodn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm od v\u00e1lky m\u011bstsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Lagash a Umma v\u00a0Mezopot\u00e1mii 2 500 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem [1]. Av\u0161ak soupe\u0159en\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edstup k vod\u011b v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech vedlo k politick\u00e9 nestabilit\u011b a n\u00e1sil\u00ed v lok\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku [1]. Na druhou stranu se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee mezi roky 1820 a 2002 bylo podeps\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch dohod o vod\u011b a jej\u00edm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed [4].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Literatura:<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] KRAMER, A. WOLF, A.T.-CARIUS, A.-DABELKO, G. D. The Key to managing conflict and cooperation over water. A World of Science, Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 4-12. ISSN 1815-9583.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] United Nations World Water Development Report, 2012. UNESCO. Dostupn\u00e9 na WWW: &lt;<a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/natural-sciences\/environment\/water\/wwap\/wwdr\/wwdr4-2012\/&gt;\">http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/natural-sciences\/environment\/water\/wwap\/wwd&#8230;<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[3] \u010cS\u00da, 2012. Historie a sou\u010dasnost lesn\u00edho a vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Dostupn\u00e9 na WWW &lt;<a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.czso.cz\/csu\/2012edicniplan.nsf\/p\/2141-12&gt;\">http:\/\/www.czso.cz\/csu\/2012edicniplan.nsf\/p\/2141-12&gt;<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[4] UNEP, 2002. Atlas of International FreshwaterAgreements. UNEP, Nairobi, 184 p. ISBN 92-807-2232-8. Dostupn\u00e9 na WWW: &lt;<a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu\/publications\/atlas\/index.html&gt;\">http:\/\/www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu\/publications\/atlas\/index.html&gt;<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Jan Da\u0148helka, MZ 2013\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 66, str. 32<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Slovo \u201erivalita\u201c poch\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u016fvodn\u00edho latinsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu \u201erivalis\u201c znamenaj\u00edc\u00edho \u201eten, kdo sd\u00edl\u00ed stejnou \u0159eku s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi\u201c [1]. Na konci roku 2010 Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 OSN vyhl\u00e1silo rok 2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm rokem Vodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11446","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11446"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11446\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11450,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11446\/revisions\/11450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}