{"id":11044,"date":"2024-12-30T17:53:35","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T16:53:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=11044"},"modified":"2024-12-30T17:54:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T16:54:39","slug":"globalni-zmena-klimatu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/globalni-zmena-klimatu\/","title":{"rendered":"Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bna klimatu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11044\" class=\"elementor elementor-11044\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a66a271 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a66a271\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-683c0af\" data-id=\"683c0af\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18cb692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18cb692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Autor Vincente Barros. 1. vyd. Praha: Mlad\u00e1 fronta, 2006. 168 s. Edice Kolumbus, sv. 181. ISBN 80-204-1356-1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kniha Vincente Barrose, doktora meteorologie a profesora klimatologie na Fakult\u011b exaktn\u00edch v\u011bd Univerzity Buenos Aires, je d\u00edlem, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159\u00edstupnou formou sna\u017e\u00ed sezn\u00e1mit \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost s p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu klimatu a jeho dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. V\u0161e nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee ke klimatick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m doch\u00e1z\u00ed a nad\u00e1le bude z\u0159eteln\u011bji doch\u00e1zet. Autor v 11 kapitol\u00e1ch p\u0159edest\u00edr\u00e1 nespo\u010det objektivn\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f faktografick\u00e9ho charakteru o sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu a informuje, co m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat v budoucnu. A budoucnost, pokud se klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn t\u00fdk\u00e1, bude ovlivn\u011bna \u0159adou faktor\u016f, zejm\u00e9na hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem v\u010detn\u011b technologick\u00fdch inovac\u00ed, demografick\u00fdmi trendy i politick\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zek. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 modely (GCM) vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z poznatk\u016f o navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f v minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed predestinuj\u00ed nap\u0159. glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu o 2 a\u017e 3 \u00b0C po roce 2060. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se na emis\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pod\u00edl\u00ed energetika 48 %, emise fluorchlorderiv\u00e1t\u016f uhlovod\u00edku (tvrd\u00e9 freony) 24 %, k\u00e1cen\u00ed les\u016f 13 %, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost 9 % a zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 6 % poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0manipulace s organick\u00fdmi odpady a z n\u011bkter\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch proces\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O r\u016fzn\u00fdch aspektech klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a problematiky sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pojedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201eosv\u011btov\u011b\u201c pojat\u00e9 kapitoly 2, 3 a 4, nazvan\u00e9 Klimatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny nest\u00e1losti klimatu a Sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny a aerosoly. Autor dokumentu je, \u017ee klima nen\u00ed statick\u00e9, m\u011bn\u00ed se p\u016fsoben\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch vliv\u016f v \u010dasov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku od m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po miliony let. V\u00a0posledn\u00edch stalet\u00edch je st\u00e1le patrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed podneb\u00ed zp\u016fsobovan\u00e9 lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed. V kapitole v\u011bnovan\u00e9 sklen\u00edkov\u00fdm plyn\u016fm je pops\u00e1n jejich transport a \u017eivotnost, geochemick\u00fd cyklus a bilance, emise a koncentrace v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e i antropogenn\u00ed zdroje emis\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V dal\u0161\u00edch dvou kapitol\u00e1ch \u2013 V\u00fdvoj klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v minulosti a Klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u00e9\u0159e \u2013 se autor zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdvojem klimatu v p\u0159edhistorick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, tj. v obdob\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho nejsou p\u00edsemn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky, p\u0159es v\u00fdvoj v\u00a0obdob\u00ed prvn\u00edch civilizaci a\u017e po sou\u010dasnost. Velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je \u00favaha o okolnostech z\u00e1niku vikingsk\u00e9 civilizace v Gr\u00f3nsku kolem roku 1500 (nepo\u010detn\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 elity nebyly schopn\u00e9 reagovat na zm\u011bnu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek) a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b nastolovan\u00e9 zm\u011bnou klimatu, zp\u016fsobenou lidstvem samotn\u00fdm. Autor doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u201e\u017ee nebude-li na\u0161e glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnost schopna jin\u00e9ho pojet\u00ed ne\u017e striktn\u011b ekonomick\u00e9ho, mohla by se st\u00e1t ob\u011bt\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed dynamiky\u201c. Tyto z\u00e1v\u011bry potvrdil ve vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed anal\u00fdze i Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed panel pro klimatickou zm\u011bnu (IPCC) ve sv\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Argumentace kapitoly Klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v 21. stolet\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o poznatky z\u00edskan\u00e9 ze z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch model\u016f (GCM), kter\u00e9 matematicky simuluj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch proces\u016f v hydrosf\u00e9\u0159e, atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, pedosf\u00e9\u0159e, kryosf\u00e9\u0159e a biosf\u00e9\u0159e. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty o 2 a\u017e 3 \u00b0C by se projevilo ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hladiny mo\u0159e (50\u201360 cm), hydrologii (krize vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, ohro\u017een\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed, z\u00e1plavy, sucha), ekosyst\u00e9mech, v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, zdravotnictv\u00ed a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i v politick\u00e9 rovin\u011b (konflikty).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch kapitol\u00e1ch jsou prezentov\u00e1ny mo\u017enosti zm\u00edn\u011bni n\u00e1sledk\u016f prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch i p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch zm\u011bn klimatu, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159ijat\u00fdch politicko-ekonomick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (kapitoly Technologick\u00fd pokrok a zm\u011bny klimatu, z\u00e1jmy jednotliv\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, z\u00e1jmy ideologick\u00e9 a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, Reakce instituc\u00ed). Autor konstatuje: <em>\u201e&#8230;S pou\u017eit\u00edm technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasnosti nab\u00edzej\u00ed, bychom emise SP mohli zna\u010dn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit. Toto sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je ov\u0161em omezeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdmi faktory&#8230; Zm\u00edrnit expanzi aktivit, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, jeliko\u017e jsou p\u0159\u00edmo spjaty s energetikou a v\u00fdrobou potravin.\u201c<\/em> Svoje p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed formuluje Baros v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch takto: \u201e<em>Technologick\u00e9 inovace n\u00e1m snad dovol\u00ed z\u00edskat n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed, a dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tak krizi klimatu odd\u00e1lit. Podstata probl\u00e9mu v\u0161ak nebude nikdy vy\u0159e\u0161ena, dokud nebudeme schopni \u010delit dv\u011bma nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m t\u00e9to krize: demografick\u00e9 explozi a r\u016fstu nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eby.&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kniha V. Barrose je vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm kompendiem sou\u010dasn\u00fdch poznatk\u016f na t\u00e9ma klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. K v\u011brohodnosti p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed i grafy, kter\u00e9 vhodn\u011b dopl\u0148uj\u00ed text a zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed trendy jednotliv\u00fdch slo\u017eek, faktor\u016f a jev\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nelze opomenout doslov od Jaroslava Ro\u017enovsk\u00e9ho. Na 11 str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch je pod\u00e1na p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem podnebn\u00ed charakteristika \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje. Kdo vytv\u00e1\u0159el n\u011bjak\u00fd obdobn\u00fd sukus, potvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jde o velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd odborn\u00fd \u00fakol \u2013 jenom \u0161koda, \u017ee je schov\u00e1n pod anonymn\u00edm n\u00e1zvem doslov.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd, MZ 2006\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 59, str. 196<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor Vincente Barros. 1. vyd. Praha: Mlad\u00e1 fronta, 2006. 168 s. Edice Kolumbus, sv. 181. ISBN 80-204-1356-1. Kniha Vincente Barrose, doktora meteorologie a profesora klimatologie na Fakult\u011b exaktn\u00edch v\u011bd Univerzity [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11044","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11044"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11048,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11044\/revisions\/11048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}