{"id":10866,"date":"2024-12-30T15:56:58","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T14:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=10866"},"modified":"2024-12-30T16:01:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T15:01:26","slug":"antarktida","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/antarktida\/","title":{"rendered":"Antarktida"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10866\" class=\"elementor elementor-10866\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a4da1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a4da1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6155a3\" data-id=\"b6155a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a22e942 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a22e942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pavel Pro\u0161ek a kol. Praha: Academia 2013. 348 s., ilustrace, mapy, fotografie. ISBN 978-80-200-2140-3<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V \u010desk\u00e9m denn\u00edm tisku z 24. 4. 2011 byla oti\u0161t\u011bna zpr\u00e1va ze studie uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0americk\u00e9m v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, \u017ee p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 a\u017e 50 miliony let panovalo na kontinentu okolo ji\u017en\u00edho p\u00f3lu po\u010das\u00ed jako dnes v Kalifornii, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota vzduchu dosahovala 14 \u00b0C a vody kolem kontinentu m\u011bly teplotu 22 \u00b0C. Je mnoho m\u00edst na Zemi, kde do\u0161lo k pronikav\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m klimatu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, a Antarktida je pouze aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem a sv\u011bdectv\u00edm, by\u0165 kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 nedostupnosti sv\u011bdectv\u00edm jedine\u010dn\u00fdm Fenomen\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u0159eplavec James Cook (1128\u20131719&#8242;) prohl\u00e1sil: <em>\u201e&#8230;Dovoluji si tvrdit, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nepronikne d\u00e1l ne\u017e j\u00e1 s\u00e1m a \u017ee zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed na jihu, nikdo nikdy, neprozkoumal..\u201c<\/em> odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se dnes n\u011bkdo s odstupem v\u00edce ne\u017e dvou stolet\u00ed ozna\u010dit tato slova za neuv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 a naivn\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c4f5f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c4f5f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8a4cb9\" data-id=\"f8a4cb9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ee731d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1ee731d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Anrarktida.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Anrarktida\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTA4NjgsInVybCI6Imh0dHA6XC9cL3d3dy5jbWVzLmN6XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzEyXC9BbnJhcmt0aWRhLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"589\" height=\"789\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Anrarktida.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10868\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Anrarktida.jpg 589w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Anrarktida-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f236d9\" data-id=\"2f236d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-399ee7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"399ee7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na dosud jedinou p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010deskou monografickou publikaci v\u011bnovanou \u010dtvrt\u00e9mu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu kontinentu s\u00a0rozlohou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 14 milion\u016f km<sup>2<\/sup> jsem se velmi t\u011b\u0161il. Vydan\u00e1 kniha m\u011b v\u0161ak p\u0159ekvapila i t\u00edm, \u017ee jde o kr\u00e1sn\u00fd artefakt. Tv\u016frc\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo vytvo\u0159it d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed a bude slou\u017eit jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed studijn\u00ed kompendium encyklopedick\u00e9ho charakteru nejen odborn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, ale i \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu okruhu \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f. \u010c\u00e1st v\u011bnovan\u00e1 \u010desk\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m p\u0159ekvapuje v\u00fd\u010dtem \u0161\u00ed\u0159e realizovan\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho programu. V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 a velmi aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed informace o Antarktid\u011b lze dnes naj\u00edt v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b pramen\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b elektronick\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed, a p\u0159esto obdobn\u00e9 informace pod\u00e1van\u00e9 V t\u00e9to knize v kontextu\u00e1ln\u00edm pojet\u00ed vyzn\u00edvaj\u00ed jako jedine\u010dn\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edkladem je prezentace dnes tak popul\u00e1rn\u00edch rekord\u016f \u2013 absolutn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed minimum \u201389,2 \u00b0C zaznamenan\u00e9 v roce 1983 (proti knize ji\u017e p\u0159ekonan\u00e9 hodnotou \u201394,7 \u00b0C nam\u011b\u0159enou I0. 12. 2013 v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti Antarktidy), nebo m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee ledov\u00fd pokryv<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d57503 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d57503\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cedc89f\" data-id=\"cedc89f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9cb434 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9cb434\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Antarktidy m\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011brnou tlou\u0161\u0165ku 1 829 m a objem 29,3 km<sup>3<\/sup>, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje asi 90 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob sladk\u00e9 vody. Nav\u00edc text organicky dopl\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdborn\u00e9 fotografie, grafy a mapky, v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u016fvodn\u00ed provenience.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Krom\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b obs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho \u00favodu, ve kter\u00e9m hlavn\u00ed edito\u0159i Pavel Pro\u0161ek a Jan Gloser seznamuj\u00ed s d\u016fvody naps\u00e1n\u00ed knihy, v glosovan\u00e9 podob\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed dosud vydanou \u010deskou literaturu k tomuto t\u00e9matu, vysv\u011btluj\u00ed pojet\u00ed d\u00edla a jeho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed monografie obsahuje \u010dty\u0159i odd\u00edly \u2013 Antarktida a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edroda, Antarktida a \u010dlov\u011bk, \u010cesk\u00e1 antarktick\u00e1 stanice, \u010cesk\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd program rozvr\u017een\u00e9 do 15 d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch kapitol, na kter\u00fdch se pod\u00edlelo celkem 26 autor\u016f. V z\u00e1v\u011bru jsou p\u0159ipojeny t\u0159i rejst\u0159\u00edky: m\u00edstopisn\u00fd, v\u011bcn\u00fd a rejst\u0159\u00edk \u010desk\u00fdch a latinsk\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f. Literatura je uv\u00e1d\u011bna parci\u00e1ln\u011b u jednotliv\u00fdch kapitol. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed knihy jsou i dv\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed mapy.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V nejobs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edm odd\u00edlu je pops\u00e1na a charakterizov\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edroda kontinentu \u2013 fyzick\u00e1 geografie, geologick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, v\u00fdvoj zaledn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017eivot na pevnin\u011b i \u017eivot v\u00a0mo\u0159i. V \u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bnovan\u00e9 klimatu auto\u0159i konstatuj\u00ed, \u017ee s ohledem na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd objem ledov\u00e9 plochy i fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti vody, se oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu Antarktidy projevuje velmi omezen\u011b a zasahuje jen men\u0161inov\u00fd Antarktick\u00fd poloostrov. Pokud se t\u00fdk\u00e1 stavu a v\u00fdvoje antarktick\u00e9 ozonov\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie, resp. d\u00edry, je sd\u011blen\u00ed op\u011bt pot\u011b\u0161iteln\u00e9: zhruba do roku 2010 by mohla b\u00fdt obnovena antarktick\u00e1 ozonosf\u00e9ra, pokud budou pln\u011bny z\u00e1v\u011bry Montrealsk\u00e9ho protokolu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se omezov\u00e1n\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e1tek po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00edch ozonovou vrstvu. Podchycen je tak\u00e9 geologick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj i etapy v\u00fdvoje zaledn\u011bn\u00ed a na velmi dobr\u00e9 kompilativn\u00ed \u00farovni jsou pops\u00e1ny formy a podoby \u017eivota na pevnin\u011b a v mo\u0159i.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mus\u00edm se p\u0159iznat, \u017de kapitola Antarktida a \u010dlov\u011bk, ve kter\u00e9 je P. Pro\u0161kem kr\u00e1sn\u011b pops\u00e1no objevov\u00e1n\u00ed kontinentu, v\u010detn\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu (tabulka provozovan\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch stanic z 32 zem\u00ed), m\u011b oslovila nejv\u00edce. Souvis\u00ed to se subjektivn\u00ed reminiscenc\u00ed: p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0161edes\u00e1ti lety jsem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez dechu p\u0159e\u010detl knihu H. H. Houbena, nazvanou \u00datok na ji\u017en\u00ed p\u00f3l, l\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00ed tragick\u00e9 osudy v\u00fdpravy Roberta Falcona Scotta, je\u017e dos\u00e1hla ji\u017en\u00edho p\u00f3lu 18. ledna 1912, aby zjistila, \u017ee na p\u00f3lu ji\u017e vlaje norsk\u00e1 vlajka (Roald Amundsen dos\u00e1hl p\u00f3lu 14. 12. 1911). V podkapitole nazvan\u00e9 Pobyt a pr\u00e1ce jsou sumarizov\u00e1ny zku\u0161enosti z pobytu, v\u010detn\u011b toho, za jakou cenu je mo\u017en\u00e9 a nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it vyvstal\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. V pozoruhodn\u00e9 d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed kapitole Antarktida a \u010ce\u0161i je pod\u00e1n jmenovit\u00fd p\u0159ehled \u010desk\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Jako prvn\u00ed z \u010cech\u016f je uveden V\u00e1clav Vojt\u011bch, jen\u017e se z\u00fa\u010dastnil expedice admir\u00e1la R. E. Byrda v roce 1929. Z t\u00e9to \u00fa\u010dasti vyt\u011b\u017eil knihu N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edkem, topi\u010dem a psovodem za ji\u017en\u00edm pol\u00e1rn\u00edm kruhem.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 kapitoly jsou pln\u011b v\u011bnov\u00e1ny \u010desk\u00e9 antarktick\u00e9 stanici, kter\u00e1 byla vybudov\u00e1na v r. 2007 na ostrov\u011b Jamese Rosse. Je pops\u00e1na projektov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava, realizace, technick\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed objekt\u016f. Velmi podrobn\u011b seznamuj\u00ed auto\u0159i s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm programem a dosa\u017een\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f v oborech klimatologie, geologie, paleontologie, geochemie, geomorfologie, glaciologie, ekofyziologie, stressov\u00e9 fyziologie, ekologie a taxonomie sinic, \u0159as, mech\u016f a li\u0161ejn\u00edk\u016f, mikrobiologie, parazitologie mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed fyziologie m\u00edstn\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na rozd\u00edl od Arktidy nen\u00ed Antarktida trvale obydlena. Jedin\u00fdmi obyvateli je asi tis\u00edc st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch se v\u011bdc\u016f z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zemi, mezi nimi\u017e jsou i \u010ce\u0161i. D\u00edky uzav\u0159en\u00e9 Smlouv\u011b o Antarktid\u011b jsou zde zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny vojensk\u00e9 aktivity i t\u011b\u017eba surovin a\u017e do r. 2048. Kv\u016fli extr\u00e9mn\u00edm klimatick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m je t\u011b\u017eba nerost\u016f dnes t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edstaviteln\u00e1, ale v budoucnosti bude patrn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1. Lze jen doufat, \u017ee i p\u0159es nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1jem turist\u016f v sou\u010dasnosti okolo 40 000 za rok \u2013 z\u016fstane kontinent pouze p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdeckou laborato\u0159\u00ed otev\u0159enou cel\u00e9mu sv\u011btu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rtejustify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Je dob\u0159e, \u017ee vy\u0161la kniha, ve kter\u00e9 jsou nen\u00e1siln\u00fdm a oslovuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem spojeny individu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bdi tv\u016frc\u016f s prezentac\u00ed objektivn\u00edho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1ni. Antarktidu v takto zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9 podob\u011b stoj\u00ed za to poznat.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"rteright\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Zden\u011bk Hork\u00fd, MZ 2014\/3, ro\u010dn\u00edk 67, str. 91\u201392<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pavel Pro\u0161ek a kol. Praha: Academia 2013. 348 s., ilustrace, mapy, fotografie. ISBN 978-80-200-2140-3 V \u010desk\u00e9m denn\u00edm tisku z 24. 4. 2011 byla oti\u0161t\u011bna zpr\u00e1va ze studie uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0americk\u00e9m v\u011bdeck\u00e9m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10866","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10866"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10871,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10866\/revisions\/10871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}