{"id":1078,"date":"2023-10-28T22:33:13","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T20:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=1078"},"modified":"2023-12-08T19:41:38","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T18:41:38","slug":"karel-fritsch","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/karel-fritsch\/","title":{"rendered":"Karel Fritsch"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1078\" class=\"elementor elementor-1078\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41a90d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41a90d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7f09fb\" data-id=\"e7f09fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d903f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d903f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Karel Fritsch<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c97766 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c97766\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-388da38\" data-id=\"388da38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51601b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f51601b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1812\u20131879<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e93c11f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e93c11f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b169ea\" data-id=\"6b169ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-768db9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"768db9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Fritsch se narodil v\u00a0Praze 16. srpna 1812. Nebyl profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm meteorologem, ale pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem. Na observato\u0159 se dostal z\u00a0d\u016fchodkov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu, kde byl konceptn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkem. Pro tehdej\u0161\u00ed pom\u011bry bylo charakteristick\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0tomto \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b slou\u017eil od roku 1837 do roku 1843 zdarma. Znalosti meteorologie z\u00edskal soukrom\u00fdm studiem. Hlubok\u00fd z\u00e1jem o meteorologii ho p\u0159ivedl do Klementina a k\u00a0v\u00fdzkumu klimatu Prahy a \u010cech. S\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u011bl meteorologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstroji, kter\u00e9 si sestrojil. V\u00a0Klementinu se osv\u011bd\u010dil jako odborn\u00edk, kdy\u017e zastupoval Kreila v\u00a0dob\u011b jeho m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch a studijn\u00edch cest v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch i v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Poprv\u00e9 ho zastupoval v\u00a0roce 1844, kdy\u017e se Kreil p\u0159ipravoval k\u00a0v\u00fdzkumu meteorologick\u00fdch, magnetick\u00fdch a v\u016fbec zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek Rakouska, podruh\u00e9, kdy\u017e Kreil pob\u00fdval n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f v\u00a0Anglii, a po t\u0159et\u00ed b\u011bhem jeho cest po \u010cech\u00e1ch v\u00a0letech 1843\u20131845 a v\u00a0roce 1850, kdy byl sou\u010dasn\u011b mimo hv\u011bzd\u00e1rnu i adjunkt Jelinek. Pozd\u011bji byl Fritsch p\u0159id\u011blen Kreilovi jako v\u011bdeck\u00fd asistent na v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch po zem\u00edch Rakouska. St\u00e1le v\u0161ak byl veden ve stavu d\u016fchodkov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu. Byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za zam\u011bstnance na dovolen\u00e9. Roku 1849 za\u010dal vznikat ve V\u00eddni Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav pro meteorologii a zemsk\u00fd magnetismu. Jeho \u0159editelem se stal koncem \u0159\u00edjna 1851 Kreil. Kdy\u017e po p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9m \u00famrt\u00ed Kreilov\u011b v\u00a0roce 1862 byl povol\u00e1n na jeho m\u00edsto K. Jel\u00ednek z\u00a0Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, stal se Fritsch m\u00edsto\u0159editelem \u00fastavu, jeho\u017e ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm zam\u011bstnancem byl od roku 1851.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Publika\u010dn\u011b byl neoby\u010dejn\u011b \u010dinn\u00fd. Z\u00a0meteorologick\u00fdch prac\u00ed vynik\u00e1 d\u016fkladn\u00e1 studie o podneb\u00ed Prahy , zalo\u017een\u00e1 na pozorov\u00e1n\u00edch na c.k. univerzitn\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b v\u00a0letech 1771\u20131846 a vydan\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 1850. V\u00a0jin\u00e9m pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed se pokusil zmapovat teplotn\u00ed pom\u011bry v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch (1851). V\u00a0pr\u00e1ci vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0bohat\u00e9ho klimatologick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu (O teplotn\u00edch pom\u011brech a mno\u017estv\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch) z\u00a0roku 1851 dosp\u011bl k\u00a0100let\u00e9 a 28let\u00e9 period\u011b teplotn\u00edch zm\u011bn. Hledal i z\u00e1vislosti mezi kosmick\u00fdmi t\u011blesy (meteorologick\u00e9 roje) a stavem atmosf\u00e9ry a podobn\u011b jako Kreila ho zaj\u00edmaly vlivy m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">M. Pernter (1848\u20131908) neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Fritsche zakladatelem rakousk\u00e9 fenologie, proto\u017ee v \u010cech\u00e1ch byla fenologie p\u011bstov\u00e1na ov\u0161em ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve a publikov\u00e1na v\u00a0prac\u00edch Strnadov\u00fdch a Davidov\u00fdch. Existovala i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed odborn\u00e1 pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky fenologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed (ro\u010denky z\u00a0let 1841\u20131851) byly oti\u0161t\u011bny v\u00a0publikac\u00edch Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, jin\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce vych\u00e1zely zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ve spisech v\u011bdeck\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. V\u00a0roce 1786 publikoval slavn\u00fd botanik Tade\u00e1\u0161 Haenke (1761\u20131817) sv\u00e1 botanick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0Rakovnick\u00e9ho a Berounsk\u00e9ho kraje. V\u00a0roce 1787 vy\u0161la speci\u00e1ln\u00ed fenologick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce \u201eBl\u00fcthenkalender von 1786 f\u00fcr Zbinow\u201c, jej\u00edm\u017e autorem byl libochovick\u00fd rod\u00e1k ing. Jan Kar\u00e1sek (1754\u20131797). Z\u00e1sluhou Fritschovou je, \u017ee fenologick\u00e1 a zoofenologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bl systematicky a p\u0159ivedl je na vysokou odbornou \u00farove\u0148. Je jist\u011b velk\u00e1 \u0161koda, \u017ee dosud nebyla tato pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zpracov\u00e1na a porovn\u00e1na s\u00a0nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Snad by leccos prozradila o kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu pra\u017esk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Fritschovi je nutno p\u0159iznat, \u017ee jako prvn\u00ed stanovil pro fenologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sm\u011brnice, kter\u00e9 f\u00e1ze a v\u00a0jak\u00e9 posloupnosti se maj\u00ed sledovat, \u017ee tato pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouholet\u00e1 a \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bna soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm meteorologick\u00fdm. S\u00e1m pozoroval tis\u00edce rostlin a zve\u0159ejnil v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 fenologick\u00fdch pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Polo\u017eil organiza\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1klady k\u00a0fenologick\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00a0celorakousk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku i k\u00a0jejich zapojen\u00ed do evropsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. V\u00fdsledky sv\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f shrnul a\u017e ve V\u00eddni (1863) a jako prvn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk hodnotil fenologick\u00e9 jevy ve vztahu k\u00a0teplotn\u00edm sum\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0roce 1863 dal podn\u011bt k\u00a0zalo\u017een\u00ed Rakousk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 byla z\u0159\u00edzena v\u00fdnosem st\u00e1tn\u00edho ministerstva z 22. \u010dervna 1865.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kreilova a Fritschova spolupr\u00e1ce byla blahod\u00e1rn\u00e1. \u201e\u010cil\u00fd ruch pozorovac\u00ed\u201c, napsal Fr. Augustin, \u201ea intenz\u00edvn\u00ed \u010dinnost v\u00a0oboru meteorologie trvaly v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch v\u00edce ne\u017eli cel\u00e9 desetilet\u00ed od roku 1840 a\u017e 1852. Kde\u017eto jinde se v\u00a0tuto dobu meteorologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed teprve zav\u00e1d\u011bla, t\u011b\u0161ila se v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch ji\u017e velk\u00e9mu rozkv\u011btu. Byl zde vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fastav meteorologick\u00fd s\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi magnetick\u00fdmi, meteorologick\u00fdmi a fenologick\u00fdmi pozorov\u00e1n\u00edmi. Po\u010det stanic vydr\u017eovan\u00fdch Spole\u010dnost\u00ed vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159skou se valn\u011b rozmno\u017eil, a ro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o v\u00fdsledc\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na t\u011bchto stanic\u00edch uve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny byly tehd\u00e1\u017e mnohem ob\u0161\u00edrn\u011bji ne\u017eli p\u0159edt\u00edm z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00a0\u00favahami o \u00fa\u010dinku panuj\u00edc\u00edch pov\u011btrn\u00fdch na stav poln\u00ed \u00farody. Kreil mohl pr\u00e1vem napsati, \u017ee \u010cechy po cel\u00e9 stolet\u00ed byly zem\u00ed v\u00a0meteorologii vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed. V\u00a0tuto pak dobu byly jednou z prvn\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0roce 1873 ode\u0161el do v\u00fdslu\u017eby a pob\u00fdval v\u00a0Salzburgu. I v\u00a0penzi se st\u00e1le zab\u00fdval obl\u00edbenou fenologi\u00ed a meteorologi\u00ed a st\u00e1le udr\u017eoval v\u011bdeck\u00e9 styky. Je\u0161t\u011b dva t\u00fddny p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm skonem m\u011b\u0159il na sv\u00e9 stanici sn\u011bhovou pokr\u00fdvku.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Zem\u0159el v\u00a0Salzburgu po kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 nemoci na z\u00e1n\u011bt plic 26. prosince 1879 ve v\u011bku 67 let.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-88ea7b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"88ea7b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-323e1bd\" data-id=\"323e1bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7b476f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7b476f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroje:<\/em><\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">KR\u0160KA, K., \u0160AMAJ, F., 2001. D\u011bjiny meteorologie v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a na Slovensku. Nakl. Karolinum, Univerzita Karlova v Praze. 563 str. ISBN 80-7184-951-0.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">PEJML, K., 1975. 200 let meteorologick\u00e9 observato\u0159e v\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9m Klementinu. HM\u00da a St\u00e1tn\u00ed nakladatelstv\u00ed technick\u00e9 literatury. Praha. 1. vyd. 78 s.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SEYDL, O., 1952. Meteorologie na pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b a v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch v\u00a0minulosti (1752\u20131839). In: Hanzl\u00edk\u016fv sborn\u00edk. K\u00a0sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdm narozenin\u00e1m. Publikace \u0159ady C, Svazek VI. Praha: St\u00e1tn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd \u00fastav. s. 13\u201351.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SEYDL, O., 1963. Meteorologie na pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b v\u00a0Praze \u2013 Klementinu (1752\u20131940). In: <em>Sborn\u00edk prac\u00ed HM\u00da<\/em>, svazek 1. Praha, s\u00a09\u201334.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">VESEL\u00dd, E., 1965. Sto let rakousk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. <em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy<\/em>. Ro\u010d. <strong>18<\/strong>, \u010d. 6. s\u00a0182\u2013183.<\/span><\/h6><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karel Fritsch 1812\u20131879 Fritsch se narodil v\u00a0Praze 16. srpna 1812. Nebyl profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm meteorologem, ale pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem. Na observato\u0159 se dostal z\u00a0d\u016fchodkov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu, kde byl konceptn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkem. Pro tehdej\u0161\u00ed pom\u011bry bylo charakteristick\u00e9, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1078","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1078"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1078\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}