{"id":1046,"date":"2023-10-28T19:55:54","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T17:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=1046"},"modified":"2025-02-19T21:17:03","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T20:17:03","slug":"karel-kreil","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/karel-kreil\/","title":{"rendered":"Karel Kreil"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1046\" class=\"elementor elementor-1046\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41a90d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41a90d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7f09fb\" data-id=\"e7f09fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d903f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d903f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Karel Kreil<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c97766 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c97766\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-388da38\" data-id=\"388da38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51601b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f51601b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1798\u20131862<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bf3ff4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bf3ff4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98aac9a\" data-id=\"98aac9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81dfb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e81dfb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Karl_Kreil_Litho.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTA0OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTBcL0thcmxfS3JlaWxfTGl0aG8uanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"657\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Karl_Kreil_Litho-657x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1048\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Karl_Kreil_Litho-657x1024.jpg 657w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Karl_Kreil_Litho-192x300.jpg 192w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Karl_Kreil_Litho-768x1197.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Karl_Kreil_Litho.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Carl Kreil, Prof. Dr. from website of University of Wienna<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6a8a6\" data-id=\"5a6a8a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef7c764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef7c764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Karel (Carl\/Karl) Kreil (4. listopadu 1798 Ried im Innkreis \u2013 21. prosince 1862 V\u00edde\u0148) byl rakousk\u00fd profesor v Praze a ve V\u00eddni, astronom, meteorolog, \u0161est\u00fd \u0159editel pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny v Klementinu a prvn\u00ed \u0159editel \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho \u00fastavu pro meteorologii a zemsk\u00fd magnetismus.<br \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Poch\u00e1zel z Riedu v Horn\u00edch Rakous\u00edch, kde se 4. listopadu 1798 narodil. Vystudoval v\u00edde\u0148skou univerzitu, kde se stal asistentem na hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b. P\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem do Prahy p\u016fsobil jako el\u00e9v na hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b v\u00a0Mil\u00e1n\u011b (Brera) v\u00a0letech 1826\u20131830 a byl ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00fdm odborn\u00edkem v\u00a0komet\u00e1rn\u00ed astronomii a v\u00a0oboru zemsk\u00e9ho magnetismu. Do Prahy p\u0159i\u0161el ve sv\u00fdch 40 letech v\u00a0roce 1838 z Mil\u00e1nsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny jako adjunkt na pra\u017eskou hv\u011bzd\u00e1rnu s\u00a0platem 800 zl. Nebylo to moc. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1l v\u00a0\u010dele hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny ji\u017e v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nemocn\u00fd kanovn\u00edk p\u00e1ter Adam Bittner (\u0159editelem 1837\u20131844). Ten jej\u00ed meteorologickou \u010dinnost nerozvinu, ale publikoval v\u00fdsledky meteorologick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0Neu Schriften (Nov\u00e1 p\u00edsma), \u010dasopise Spole\u010dnosti vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00a0podob\u011b ro\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159ehled\u016f po\u010das\u00ed. V\u00a0historii \u010desk\u00e9 meteorologie Bittnerem kon\u010d\u00ed obdob\u00ed, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se meteorologie roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila z\u00a0Prahy do cel\u00fdch \u010cech. P\u0159itom meteorologie nevystupovala jako samostatn\u00e1 v\u011bda, ale z\u016fst\u00e1vala pod ochranou astronomie a op\u00edrala se o zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Tento stav ukon\u010dil a\u017e sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edchodem do Prahy Karel Kreil.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e93c11f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e93c11f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b169ea\" data-id=\"6b169ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-768db9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"768db9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0dob\u011b jeho p\u0159\u00edchodu byla observato\u0159 v Klementinu ve \u0161patn\u00e9m stavu, a nevyhovovala po\u017eadavk\u016fm modern\u00edho astronomick\u00e9ho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kterou se sna\u017eil Kreil napravit. Astronomicky nevhodnou polohu observato\u0159e se sna\u017eil vy\u0159e\u0161it u\u017e David, kter\u00fd se po celou dobu sv\u00e9ho \u0159editelov\u00e1n\u00ed sna\u017eil vybudovat hv\u011bzd\u00e1rnu na vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b. Nedostatek finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na rozvoj hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny byl siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeho dobr\u00e1 v\u016fle a snaha. A to bylo jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se v\u00edce v\u011bnoval meteorologii a zemsk\u00e9mu magnetizmu, kter\u00fd p\u011bstoval ji\u017e v Mil\u00e1n\u011b, v\u00edce ne\u017e astronomii. Na Kreilovo rozhodnut\u00ed m\u011bla patrn\u011b tak\u00e9 vliv prvn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 konference v\u00a0roce 1838 v\u00a0G\u00f6ttingenu, je\u017e ve sv\u00fdch d\u016fsledc\u00edch p\u0159isp\u011bla k\u00a0nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu meteorologick\u00fdch a magnetick\u00fdch observato\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. Kreil tak\u00e9 v\u00a0arch\u00edvu hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny na\u0161el bohat\u00fd meteorologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l vyu\u017eiteln\u00fd k\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci. A rovn\u011b\u017e zjistil, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch funguje ji\u017e po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 meteorologick\u00fdch stanic \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 Klementinem, kter\u00e1 podporuje meteorologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u00a0cel\u00fdch \u010cech\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kreil z\u0159\u00eddil v\u00a0roce 1839 p\u0159i hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b novou magnetickou a meteorologickou observato\u0159, na n\u00ed\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det pozorovac\u00edch term\u00edn\u016f a rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Proto F. Augustin napsal, \u017ee Kreil jako prvn\u00ed zavedl v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch v\u0161estrann\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed meteorologick\u00fdch jev\u016f. Nov\u00e1 observato\u0159 se pot\u00fdkala s\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my a tedy i person\u00e1ln\u00edmi a technick\u00fdmi. Person\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zku (v dob\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozkv\u011btu m\u011bla observato\u0159 jen 6 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f) \u0159e\u0161il zaveden\u00edm funkce dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f. Byli to mlad\u00ed a horliv\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pom\u00e1hali s\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm. V\u00a0roce 1847 byl mezi nimi i V. \u0160afa\u0159\u00edk. K. Fritsch ji\u017e z\u016fstal na observato\u0159i trvale.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1841 za\u010dal vyd\u00e1vat ro\u010denky \u201eMagnetische und meteorologische Beobachtungen zu Prag\u201c. T\u00edm op\u011bt z\u00edskal dobrou pov\u011bst doposud hynouc\u00ed Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b aspo\u0148 v tomto ohledu. V t\u00e9m\u017ee roce navrhl z\u0159\u00eddit vhodnou meteorologickou observato\u0159 a vyd\u00e1vat rakousk\u00fd \u010dasopis pro zemsk\u00fd magnetismus a meteorologii. Ale tehdy byly v Rakousku soustavn\u011b a vytrvale potla\u010dov\u00e1ny podobn\u00e9 snahy a n\u00e1vrhy. V roce 1841 byl Kreil zvolen \u010dlenem korespondentem G\u00f6ttingensk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd. Do konce roku 1918 vy\u0161lo celkem 78 svazk\u016f ro\u010denek, v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech p\u0159i \u00fapadku observato\u0159e sp\u00ed\u0161e se\u0161it\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00edce pochopen\u00ed nalezl u Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nauk, kter\u00e1 byla v\u017edy na v\u00fd\u0161i doby. S jej\u00ed pomoc\u00ed mohl v letech 1843 a 1844 prov\u00e9st magnetick\u00e1 a topografick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v cel\u00fdch \u010cech\u00e1ch. Tato jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed my\u0161lenka byla pak z\u00e1hy napodobov\u00e1na i v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. S\u00e1m pozd\u011bji mohl prov\u00e9st stejn\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v cel\u00e9 monarchii a uve\u0159ejnit je v p\u011bti svazc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kreilov\u00fdm nespln\u011bn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm byla soustavn\u00e1 hodinov\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se v\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e uskute\u010d\u0148ovala jen od kv\u011btna do \u010dervence. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto Kreil navrhnul a zkonstruoval registra\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teploty a tlaku vzduchu, jejich\u017e hodinov\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed byla publikov\u00e1na od roku 1844. Obr\u00e1zek Kreilova termografu i jeho registrace je v pr\u00e1ci Dr. V\u00e1clava Hlav\u00e1\u010de, Tepeln\u00e9 pom\u011bry hl. m\u011bsta Prahy, d\u00edl I, kter\u00fd vydal St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad statistick\u00fd v Praze 1937.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kreil byl ji\u017e v roce 1842 jedn\u00edm z navrhovatel\u016f, aby se pou\u017e\u00edvalo telegrafu pro p\u0159edpov\u011bdi vich\u0159ic. Druh\u00fd byl Piddington v Indii. T\u0159et\u00ed, Mahlmann v Berlin\u011b, navrhl pou\u017e\u00edvat jej pro p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed v\u016fbec. Trvalo to v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b 21 let, ne\u017e se uskute\u010dnil tento n\u00e1vrh.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u0158editel observato\u0159e v\u00a0Klementinu Bittner zem\u0159el v r. 1844. V dal\u0161\u00edm roce byl Kreil jmenov\u00e1n v\u00a0po\u0159ad\u00ed \u0161est\u00fdm \u0159editelem hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny. V\u00a0roce 1845 se Karel Kreil stal na pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b profesorem astronomie. O rok pozd\u011bji byl za sv\u00e9 nesporn\u00e9 z\u00e1sluhy jmenov\u00e1n \u010dlenem pr\u00e1v\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9 C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd ve V\u00eddni. Jej\u00ed viceprezident A. Baumgartner (profesor fyziky na univerzit\u011b v\u00a0Olomouci a v\u00a0Praze), jeden z p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f Kreilov\u00fdch, navrhl v kv\u011btnu 1848 vyu\u017e\u00edt telegrafn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f pro meteorologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pozd\u011bji se projedn\u00e1val tento n\u00e1vrh d\u00e1le a za t\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem byla z\u0159\u00edzena zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed komise. Ta navrhla v kv\u011btnu 1849 po\u017e\u00e1dat ministerstvo vnitra, aby pro V\u00edde\u0148 byl ustanoven meteorolog a opat\u0159eny pro n\u011bho vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, Akademie pak aby vybavila observato\u0159 pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji. Kreil musel p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee, kdy\u017e hledal vhodnou observato\u0159. Spokojil se v\u0161ak s nen\u00e1le\u017eit\u00fdmi m\u00edstnostmi, jen aby mohl za\u010d\u00edt organizovat s\u00ed\u0165 stanic v cel\u00e9m Rakousku, a tak\u00e9 proto\u017ee byl zvykl\u00fd vysta\u010dit v\u017edy s nejskromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi prost\u0159edky. Kdy\u017e se vr\u00e1til z cesty po Rakousku, kterou podnikl proto, aby s \u00fasp\u011bchem zorganizoval s\u00ed\u0165 pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch stanic, byl vyznamen\u00e1n ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem \u0159\u00e1du Franti\u0161ka Josefa je\u0161t\u011b v roce 1850, kdy p\u0159es\u00eddlil z\u00a0Prahy do V\u00eddn\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">C\u00edsa\u0159 Franti\u0161ek Josef I. p\u0159ijal n\u00e1vrh C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm (dekretem) ze dne 23 \u010dervence 1851 povolil z\u0159\u00eddit ve V\u00eddni \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed \u00fastav pro meteorologii a zemsk\u00fd magnetismus (Central-Anstalt f\u00fcr Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus), kter\u00fd by zam\u011bstn\u00e1val \u0159editele, adjunkta, dva asistenty a sluhu. \u0158editelem se stal Karel Kreil.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00dakoly, kter\u00e9 si Kreil p\u0159i zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fastavu p\u0159edsevzal, se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zaly jako obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b splniteln\u00e9 z d\u016fvod\u016f finan\u010dn\u00edch, prostorov\u00fdch i person\u00e1ln\u00edch. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det pracovn\u00edk\u016f byl k zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00fd, st\u00e1tn\u00ed dotace nesta\u010dily ani na vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, ani na v\u00fdstavbu vlastn\u00ed budovy (v roce 1852 se poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat nezbytn\u00e9 prostory v nov\u00e9m n\u00e1jemn\u00edm dom\u011b). St\u00e1tn\u00edm financ\u00edm zp\u016fsobilo t\u011b\u017ekou r\u00e1nu zapleten\u00ed se Rakouska do v\u00e1lky krymsk\u00e9 (1853\u20131855), a neb\u00fdt podpory ze strany akademie v\u011bd, pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed by zcela zaniklo; na ur\u010ditou dobu bylo nutno zastavit vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ro\u010denek.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1851 byl jmenov\u00e1n \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm profesorem fyziky na v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V letech 1854 a 1858, tehdy ji\u017e \u0161edes\u00e1tilet\u00fd, podnikl dv\u011b velk\u00e9 cesty za \u00fa\u010delem magnetick\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu v sousedn\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V posledn\u00edch letech \u017eivota za\u010dal pracovat na klimatologii mocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Klimatologii \u010cech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokon\u010dil. Po jeho smrti, kter\u00e1 p\u0159eru\u0161ila pr\u00e1ci na klimatologii alpsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, byl jej\u00ed rukopis p\u0159edlo\u017een akademii. Spis odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jeho pojet\u00ed klimatu, kter\u00e9 kontrastuje s\u00a0dosavadn\u00edmi romantick\u00fdmi popisy, i bohatost klimatologick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd byl k\u00a0dispozici jen z\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Matematicko-statistick\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm autor p\u0159edb\u011bhl dobu a uk\u00e1zal mo\u017enosti tzv. klasick\u00e9 klimatologie, p\u0159esto\u017ee d\u00e9lky pozorovac\u00edch \u0159ad \u00a0byly rozd\u00edln\u00e9 a materi\u00e1l zna\u010dn\u011b nehomogenn\u00ed. Klimatologick\u00e9 charakteristiky byly vypo\u010dteny z\u00a052 meteorologick\u00fdch stanic, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pra\u017esk\u00e1 \u0159ada byla pou\u017eita jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 redukce. Jeho n\u00e1stupce Jel\u00ednek (Jelineck) ji vydal ve V\u00eddni v roce 1865. Je v n\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1st v\u011bnovan\u00e1 d\u011bjin\u00e1m meteorologie v \u010cech\u00e1ch, posudek d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v Klementinu a zm\u00ednka o m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed organizovan\u00e9m Spole\u010dnost\u00ed vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159skou. Seydl kon\u010d\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci slovy: \u201eSlu\u0161\u00ed poznamenati, \u017ee jak prv\u00fd \u0159editel \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho \u00fastavu meteorologick\u00e9ho ve V\u00eddni Karel Kreil, tak i jeho n\u00e1stupce K. Jel\u00ednek a m\u00edsto\u0159editel \u00fastavu K. Fritsch se vy\u0161kolili v meteorologick\u00e9m oboru na Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b. I to charakterizuje, domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, intensivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, jak\u00e1 se konala t\u00edmto sm\u011brem na Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b ji\u017e ve star\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kreil pova\u017eoval meteorologii za samostatnou v\u011bdu a pobu\u0159ovalo ho jej\u00ed spojen\u00ed se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdci, profeso\u0159i Strnad a David v\u00edtali. Kreilovy ro\u010denky byly proti star\u0161\u00edm magaz\u00edn\u016fm, ur\u010den\u00fdm pro \u0161irok\u00fd okruh \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f, nudn\u00e9 a nazna\u010dovaly, \u017ee jejich autor neum\u00ed v\u00fdsledky meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed spojit s\u00a0prax\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159es v\u00fdrazn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos, kter\u00fd pro meteorologii m\u011bl, z\u016fst\u00e1val Kreil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm geomagnetikem, nebo\u0165 z\u00a0jeho 25 publikovan\u00fdch prac\u00ed b\u011bhem pra\u017esk\u00e9ho pobytu (1838\u20131850) je 17 v\u011bnov\u00e1no zemsk\u00e9mu magnetismu.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Karel Kreil zem\u0159el ve V\u00eddni dne 21. prosince 1862 ve v\u011bku 64 let. Jeho poz\u016fstalost je ulo\u017eena na v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V roce 1905 byl po n\u011bm pojmenov\u00e1n Kreilplatz ve V\u00eddni-D\u00f6blingu (19. obvod) a 9. b\u0159ezna 2001 planetka (6597) Kreil.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-88ea7b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"88ea7b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-323e1bd\" data-id=\"323e1bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7b476f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7b476f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroje:<\/em><\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">KR\u0160KA, K., 2001. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd \u00fastav ve V\u00eddni a \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011b (Ke 150. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed jeho zalo\u017een\u00ed.). <em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy,<\/em> ro\u010d. <strong>54<\/strong>, \u010d. 4, s. 114\u2013118.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">KR\u0160KA, K., \u0160AMAJ, F., 2001. D\u011bjiny meteorologie v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a na Slovensku. Nakl. Karolinum, Univerzita Karlova v Praze. 563 str. ISBN 80-7184-951-0.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">PEJML, K., 1975. 200 let meteorologick\u00e9 observato\u0159e v\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9m Klementinu. HM\u00da a St\u00e1tn\u00ed nakladatelstv\u00ed technick\u00e9 literatury. Praha. 1. vyd. 78 s.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SEYDL, O., 1952. Meteorologie na pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b a v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch v\u00a0minulosti (1752\u20131839). In: Hanzl\u00edk\u016fv sborn\u00edk. K\u00a0sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdm narozenin\u00e1m. Publikace \u0159ady C, Svazek VI. Praha: St\u00e1tn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd \u00fastav. s. 13\u201351.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SEYDL, O., 1963. Meteorologie na pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b v\u00a0Praze \u2013 Klementinu (1752\u20131940). In: <em>Sborn\u00edk prac\u00ed HM\u00da<\/em>, svazek 1. Praha, s\u00a09\u201334.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">VESEL\u00dd, E., 1963. Karel Kreil zem\u0159el p\u0159ed sto lety. <em>Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy,<\/em> ro\u010d. <strong>16<\/strong>, \u010d. 1, s. 21.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Carl Kreil, Prof. Dr. Zdroj: [online]. [cit. 25. 10. 2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 z\u00a0WWW: <a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"https:\/\/geschichte.univie.ac.at\/en\/persons\/carl-kreil\">https:\/\/geschichte.univie.ac.at\/en\/persons\/carl-kreil<\/a>.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Karl Kreil. Zdroj: [online]. [cit. 25. 10. 2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 z WWW: https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Kreil.<\/span><\/h6><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60efa9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60efa9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-899f7aa\" data-id=\"899f7aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5d4d99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"c5d4d99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item{display:inline-block;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item img{margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item .gallery-caption{margin:0}.elementor-image-gallery figure img{display:block}.elementor-image-gallery figure figcaption{width:100%}.gallery-spacing-custom .elementor-image-gallery .gallery-icon{padding:0}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item{max-width:50%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item{max-width:33.33%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item{max-width:25%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item{max-width:20%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-6 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(max-width:479px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-10 .gallery-item{max-width:100%}}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1046 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c5d4d99\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Kreil\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTA0OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTBcL0tyZWlsLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImM1ZDRkOTkifQ%3D%3D\" href='http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Kreil.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Kreil-224x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Kreil-224x300.jpg 224w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Kreil.jpg 597w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c5d4d99\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Kreil1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTA1MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTBcL0tyZWlsMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjNWQ0ZDk5In0%3D\" href='http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Kreil1.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"205\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Kreil1-205x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Kreil1-205x300.jpg 205w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Kreil1.jpg 474w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5efa6ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5efa6ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-34fb559\" data-id=\"34fb559\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3a3ca8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3a3ca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr \/><h3><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Karel Kreil zem\u0159el p\u0159ed sto lety<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne 21. prosince 1962 uplynulo sto let od smrti K. K r e i l a. Poch\u00e1zel z Riedu v Horn\u00edch Rakous\u00edch. P\u016fsobil v Praze v letech 1838\u20141850. Toto obdob\u00ed m\u011blo patrn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na jeho dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Do Prahy p\u0159i\u0161el z Mil\u00e1nsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny jako adjunkt. Pra\u017eskou hv\u011bzd\u00e1rnu na\u0161el v b\u011bdn\u00e9m stavu, pon\u011bvad\u017e \u0159editel Adam Bittner byl po l\u00e9ta v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nemocen. Kreil se energicky pokusil dos\u00e1hnout n\u00e1pravy. Av\u0161ak okolnosti byly siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeho dobr\u00e1 v\u016fle a sna\u00adha. Nedos\u00e1hl takov\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy, jak\u00e9 bylo t\u0159eba. A to bylo asi d\u016f\u00advodem, pro\u010d se pak v\u011bnoval meteorologii a zemsk\u00e9mu magne\u00adtizmu, kter\u00fd p\u011bstoval ji\u017e v Mil\u00e1n\u011b, v\u00edce ne\u017e astronomii.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V r. 1841 za\u010dal vyd\u00e1vat ro\u010denky \u201eMagnetische und meteorologische Beobachtungen zu Prag&#8221;. T\u00edm op\u011bt z\u00edskal dobrou po\u00adv\u011bst doposud hynouc\u00ed Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b aspo\u0148 v tomto ohledu (viz Dr. Otto Seydl, \u201eMeteorologie na Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b a v \u010cech\u00e1ch v minulosti (1752 \u2014 1839)&#8221;, St\u00e1t. meteorologick\u00fd \u00fastav, publikace \u0159ady C, sv. VI &#8211; Hanzl\u00edk\u016fv sborn\u00edk &#8211; Praha 1952, str. 26.). V t\u00e9m\u017ee roce navrhl z\u0159\u00eddit vhodnou meteorolo\u00adgickou observato\u0159 a vyd\u00e1vat rakousk\u00fd \u010dasopis pro zemsk\u00fd magne\u00adtismus a meteorologii. Ale tehdy byly v Rakousku soustavn\u00e9 a vytrvale potla\u010dov\u00e1ny podobn\u00e9 snahy a n\u00e1vrhy.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00edce pochopen\u00ed nalezl u Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nauk, kter\u00e1 byla v\u017edy na v\u00fd\u0161i doby. S jej\u00ed pomoc\u00ed mohl v letech 1843 a 1844 prov\u00e9st magnetick\u00e1 a topografick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v cel\u00fdch \u010cech\u00e1ch. Tato jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed my\u0161lenka byla pak z\u00e1hy napodo\u00adbov\u00e1na i v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. S\u00e1m pozd\u011bji mohl prov\u00e9st stejn\u00e9 po\u00adzorov\u00e1n\u00ed v cel\u00e9 monarchii a uve\u0159ejnit je v p\u011bti svazc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V t\u00fdch\u017e letech tak\u00e9 sestrojil samo\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje pro registraci tlaku a teploty vzduchu, tak\u017ee od r. 1844 mohl uve\u0159ej\u0148ovat jejich \u00fadaje pro ka\u017edou hodinu denn\u00ed i no\u010dn\u00ed. K t\u00e9to konstrukci ho patrn\u011b p\u0159im\u011bly sv\u00edzeln\u00e9 pom\u011bry a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u00e1 osamocenost p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci. Obr\u00e1zek Kreilova termografu i jeho registrace je na str. 12. v pr\u00e1ci Dr. V\u00e1clava Hlav\u00e1\u010de, Tepeln\u00e9 pom\u011bry hl. m\u011bsta Prahy, d\u00edl I, vydal St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad statistick\u00fd v Praze 1937.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kreil byl ji\u017e v r. 1842 jedn\u00edm z navrhovatel\u016f, aby se pou\u017e\u00edvalo telegrafu pro p\u0159edpov\u011bdi vich\u0159ic. Druh\u00fd byl Piddington v Indii. T\u0159et\u00ed, Mahlmann v Berlin\u011b, navrhl pou\u017e\u00edvat jej pro p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed v\u016fbec. Trvalo to v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b 21 let, ne\u017e se uskute\u010dnil tento n\u00e1vrh.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Bittner zem\u0159el v r. 1844. V dal\u0161\u00edm roce byl Kreil jmenov\u00e1n \u0159editelem hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, v po\u010dtu \u0161est\u00fdm. O dva roky pozd\u011bji byl za sv\u00e9 nesporn\u00e9 z\u00e1sluhy jmenov\u00e1n \u010dlenem pr\u00e1v\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9 C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd ve V\u00eddni. Jej\u00ed vicepresident Baumgartner, jeden z p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f Kreilov\u00fdch, navrhl v kv\u011btnu 1848 vyu\u017e\u00edt telegrafn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f pro meteorologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pozd\u011bji se projedn\u00e1val tento n\u00e1vrh d\u00e1le a za t\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem z\u0159\u00ed\u00adzena zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed komise. Ta navrhla v kv\u011btnu 1849 po\u017e\u00e1dat mi\u00adnisterstvo vnitra, aby pro V\u00edde\u0148 byl ustanoven meteorolog a opat\u0159eny pro n\u011bho vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, akademie pak aby vyba\u00advila observato\u0159 pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji. Akademie schv\u00e1lila n\u00e1vrh komise.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm z 23. \u010dervence 1850 byl z\u0159\u00edzen \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed \u00fastav pro meteorologick\u00e1 a magnetick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, Kreil pak jmenov\u00e1n prvn\u00edm \u0159editelem s povinnost\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161et na universit\u011b o\u00a0 v\u00fdsledc\u00edch sv\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. P\u0159es\u00eddlil do V\u00eddn\u011b i s Karlem Fritschem a Karlem Jel\u00ednkem. To znamenalo pro budoucno \u00fapadek meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v Klementinu i v \u010cech\u00e1ch, v jedin\u00e9 s\u00edti stanic v cel\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kreil musil p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee, kdy\u017e hledal vhodnou observato\u0159. Spokojil se v\u0161ak s nen\u00e1le\u017eit\u00fdmi m\u00edstnostmi, jen aby mohl za\u010d\u00edt organizovat s\u00ed\u0165 stanic v cel\u00e9m Rakousku, a tak\u00e9 proto\u017ee byl zvykl\u00fd vysta\u010dit v\u017edy s nejskromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi prost\u0159edky. Kdy\u017e se vr\u00e1til z cesty po Rakousku, kterou podnikl proto, aby s \u00fasp\u011bchem zorganizoval s\u00ed\u0165 pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch stanic, byl vyznamen\u00e1n ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem \u0159\u00e1du Franti\u0161ka Josefa je\u0161t\u011b v r. 1850. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1851 pak dobudoval \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed \u00fastav. V letech 1854 a 1858, tehdy ji\u017e \u0161ede\u00ads\u00e1tilet\u00fd, podnikl dv\u011b velk\u00e9 cesty za \u00fa\u010delem magnetick\u00e9ho pr\u016f\u00adzkumu v sousedn\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V posledn\u00edch letech \u017eivota za\u010dal pracovat na klimatologii moc\u00adn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Klimatologii \u010cech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokon\u010dil. Po jeho smrti, kter\u00e1 p\u0159eru\u0161ila pr\u00e1ci na klimatologii alpsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, byl jej\u00ed rukopis p\u0159edlo\u017een akademii. Jeho n\u00e1stupce Jel\u00ednek (Jelineck) ji vydal ve V\u00eddni v r. 1865. Je v n\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1st v\u011bnovan\u00e1 d\u011bjin\u00e1m meteoro\u00adlogie v \u010cech\u00e1ch, posudek d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v Klementinu a zm\u00ednka o m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed organizovan\u00e9m Spole\u010dnost\u00ed vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159skou (Seydl, str. 36). Seydl kon\u010d\u00ed svou pr\u00e1ci slovy (str. 37): \u201eSlu\u0161\u00ed poznamenati, \u017ee jak prv\u00fd \u0159editel \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho \u00fastavu meteorologick\u00e9ho ve V\u00eddni Karel Kreil, tak i jeho n\u00e1stupce K. Jel\u00ednek a misto\u0159editel \u00fastavu K. Fritsch se vy\u0161kolili v meteoro\u00adlogick\u00e9m oboru na Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b. I to charakterisuje, domn\u00ed\u00adv\u00e1m se, intensivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, jak\u00e1 se konala t\u00edmto sm\u011brem na Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b ji\u017e ve star\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Hlavn\u00edm pramenem k t\u00e9to vzpom\u00ednce byl \u017eivotopis Karla Kreila ve slovn\u00edku: Dr. Const. v. Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, 13. Teil, Wien 1865. Jsou v n\u011bm dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotopisn\u00e9 podrobnosti a tak\u00e9 seznam Kreilov\u00fdch prac\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 snad m\u011bly ur\u010dit\u00fd vliv tak\u00e9 na prof. Dr. Franti\u0161ka Augustina, zakladatele \u010desk\u00e9 meteorologie.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>EV, MZ 1963\/1, ro\u010dn\u00edk 16, str. 21<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karel Kreil 1798\u20131862 Carl Kreil, Prof. Dr. from website of University of Wienna Karel (Carl\/Karl) Kreil (4. listopadu 1798 Ried im Innkreis \u2013 21. prosince 1862 V\u00edde\u0148) byl rakousk\u00fd profesor [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1046","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1046"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1046\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15436,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1046\/revisions\/15436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}