{"id":1008,"date":"2023-10-27T21:40:09","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T19:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/?page_id=1008"},"modified":"2025-02-23T10:52:37","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T09:52:37","slug":"antonin-strnad","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/antonin-strnad\/","title":{"rendered":"Anton\u00edn Strnad"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1008\" class=\"elementor elementor-1008\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41a90d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41a90d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7f09fb\" data-id=\"e7f09fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d903f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d903f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Anton\u00edn Strnad<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c97766 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c97766\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-388da38\" data-id=\"388da38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51601b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f51601b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1746\u20131799<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bf3ff4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bf3ff4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98aac9a\" data-id=\"98aac9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81dfb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e81dfb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Anton\u00edn Strnad\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTAxMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTBcL0FudG9uaW4tU3RybmFkLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-672x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1010\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-672x1024.jpg 672w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-197x300.jpg 197w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-768x1170.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-1008x1536.jpg 1008w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-1345x2048.jpg 1345w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad.jpg 1529w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6a8a6\" data-id=\"5a6a8a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef7c764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef7c764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Anton\u00edn Strnad (10. srpen 1746 N\u00e1chod \u2013 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1799 Sazen\u00e1) byl \u010desk\u00fd vlastenec, meteorolog, geograf, profesor a rektor Univerzity Karlo-Ferdinandovy a \u0159editel hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny v Klementinu. Za\u010dal zaznamen\u00e1vat sv\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v Klementinu a v roce 1775 tak zah\u00e1jil nejdel\u0161\u00ed souvislou \u0159adu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159esn\u00e9 datum narozen\u00ed Anton\u00edna Strnada dlouhou dobu nebylo zn\u00e1mo. V literatu\u0159e o n\u011bm je datum narozen\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bno v rozp\u011bt\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed let 1746\u20131749. Sama Karlova univerzita, jej\u00edm\u017e byl profesorem a rektorem, je v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce \u201erozpolcen\u00e1&#8221;, proto\u017ee v kartot\u00e9ce sv\u00e9ho archivu m\u00e1 dodnes dva \u00fadaje: 14. 8. 1746 a 10. 8. 1749. Ob\u011bma je spole\u010dn\u00e9 pouze m\u00edsto narozen\u00ed N\u00e1chod. Naopak prakticky jednota je v ot\u00e1zce Strnadova \u00famrt\u00ed: zem\u0159el 23. 9. 1799 v Sazen\u00e9 u Velvar (okr. Kladno) a byl poh\u0159ben na h\u0159bitov\u011b v Chr\u017e\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm dokladem o narozen\u00ed je pak v\u00fdpis z matriky farn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu v N\u00e1chod\u011b (dnes ulo\u017een\u00e9 ve St\u00e1tn\u00edm oblastn\u00edm archivu v Z\u00e1mrsku), \u010d. 105-5, \u010dasov\u00e9ho rozsahu 1739-1760, str. 188: \u201e13. srpna 1746 pok\u0159t\u011bno jest d\u00edt\u011b Anton\u00edn, Josef, V\u00e1clav, Jan od dvojctihodn\u00fdho pana Jana Strnada, d\u011bkana. Otec: pan Anton\u00edn Strnad, matka: Terezie\u201c. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e93c11f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e93c11f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b169ea\" data-id=\"6b169ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-768db9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"768db9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z n\u011bj plyne jednak definitivn\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed narozen\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1746, jednak lze vylou\u010dit v\u0161echna data po 13. srpnu &#8211; nikoliv v\u0161ak p\u0159ed n\u00edm, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o datum k\u0159tu! A d\u011bti se k\u0159tily p\u0159\u00edmo v den narozen\u00ed jen zcela v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota. Tomu v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tak nebylo, nebo\u0165 kmotrem byl kaplan kosteleck\u00fd a sv\u011bdky kaplan n\u00e1chodsk\u00fd a man\u017eelka purkrab\u00edho kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edho panstv\u00ed n\u00e1chodsk\u00e9ho. Tak slavn\u00fd k\u0159est za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti t\u0159\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a rodiny purkrab\u00edho bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u00e1r dn\u00ed p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravit. Je proto velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm dnem Strnadova narozen\u00ed 10. srpen uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd ve spojen\u00ed s nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm rokem v jeho nejstar\u0161\u00edch \u017eivotopisech. Poch\u00e1zel ze z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00e9 rodiny, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak po prusk\u00e9m vp\u00e1du roku 1757 p\u0159i\u0161la \u00fapln\u011b na mizinu.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Matrika zem\u0159el\u00fdch chr\u017e\u00ednsk\u00e9 farnosti (Matrica defunctorum parochiae chr\u017einensis) toti\u017e na str. 129 uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201e23 7bris Sazenae num. domus 1, anno 1799 mortuus est praenobilis Dominus Antonius Strnad, Regius Astronomus Pragae etc. et membrum Societatis Scientiarum, catholicus, provisus aetate 53 ann. Morbus letalis: Brustwassersucht&#8221;. Tedy: 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159el v Sazen\u00e9 v dom\u011b \u010d. 1 roku 1799 vzne\u0161en\u00fd pan Anton\u00edn Strnad, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd astronom pra\u017esk\u00fd atd., \u010dlen Spole\u010dnosti v\u011bd, katol\u00edk, do\u017eil se v\u011bku 53 let; p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina smrti: z\u00e1n\u011bt pohrudnice s\u00a0exsud\u00e1tem (n\u011bkde uv\u00e1d\u011bna tuberkul\u00f3za jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina \u00famrt\u00ed). Pades\u00e1t t\u0159i let toti\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 roku narozen\u00ed 1746 a tent\u00fd\u017e letopo\u010det byl uveden na zdokumentovan\u00e9m, ale nedochovan\u00e9m n\u00e1hrobku, kter\u00fd dala zbudovat Strnadova man\u017eelka Kate\u0159ina.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lze tedy stru\u010dn\u011b rekapitulovat \u017eivotn\u00ed b\u011bh Anton\u00edna Strnada. Po absolutoriu gymn\u00e1zia (21. 9. 1763) v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 vstoupil v 17 letech do jezuitsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, ve 28 letech, rok po zru\u0161en\u00ed \u0159\u00e1du (1773) p\u0159e\u0161el na univerzitu Karlo-Ferdinandovu, kde studoval matematiku, fyziku a astronomii. Byl \u017e\u00e1kem Josepha Steplinga, staral se tak\u00e9 o matematick\u00e9 muzeum. Po smrti J. Steplinga nastoupil roku 1778 na kated\u0159e jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd profesor matematick\u00e9 a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed geografie ve sv\u00fdch 32 letech. Roku 1792 byl zvolen d\u011bkanem filozofick\u00e9 fakulty (ve v\u011bku 46 let) a od roku 1795 rok p\u016fsobil ve funkci rektora univerzity (ve 49 letech v\u011bku).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">B\u011bhem \u017eivota si dopisoval nap\u0159. s \u0159editelem hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny v Berl\u00edn\u011b Janem Bernoullim (1742\u20131807), s vydavatelem berl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho astronomick\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e J. E. Bodem, \u0159editelem hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny ve V\u00eddni M. Hellem, \u0159editelem hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny ve m\u011bst\u011b Gotha Fr. X. von Zachem.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnad se stal za sv\u00fdch studi\u00ed na filozofick\u00e9 fakult\u011b horliv\u00fdm a nad\u011bjn\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1kem profesora J. Steplinga a stoupencem jeho pokrokov\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f v astronomii. A pr\u00e1v\u011b snad p\u0159i\u010din\u011bn\u00edm Steplingov\u00fdm z\u00edskal m\u00edsto adjunkta (1774) na pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b, v\u00a0jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dele Stal Stepling. Strnad opatroval matematick\u00e9 muzeum a ji\u017e po \u010dty\u0159ech letech, kdy\u017e Stepling zem\u0159el (11. \u010dervence 1778), p\u0159evzal jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd profesor jeho stolici matematiky a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed geografie, a kdy\u017e zem\u0159el druh\u00fd \u0159editel hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny F. Zeno (1781), byl jmenov\u00e1n \u0159editelem Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny. Tato rychl\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch Strnadov\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch schopnostech.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00a0roce 1784 se o\u017eenil s\u00a0Kate\u0159inou Marsanovou, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1zela z\u00a0italsk\u00e9 rodiny, teprve ned\u00e1vno usedl\u00e9 v\u00a0Praze. S\u00a0Kate\u0159inou m\u011bl \u010dty\u0159i d\u011bti: Leopolda, Anton\u00edna, Kate\u0159inu a Aloisii.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Profesor Strnad (uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd t\u00e9\u017e Strnadt, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b Sternat) m\u011bl titul kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd astronom, t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jeho pr\u00e1ce v\u0161ak bylo v meteorologii; dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159ehledy jeho publikac\u00ed jich z tohoto oboru uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159es dvacet. Je t\u0159eba v\u0161ak zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee jak po\u010det kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f, na nich\u017e se pod\u00edlel, je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dva tam zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9, tak jeho v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky do deseti mannheimsk\u00fdch ro\u010denek (pro l\u00e9ta 1781\u20131787, 1789\u20131792) jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bny nepr\u00e1vem jako jedin\u00e1 polo\u017eka soupisu. P\u0159itom pr\u00e1v\u011b zapojen\u00edm klementinsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 observato\u0159e do mannheimsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b se \u010desk\u00e1 meteorologie r\u00e1zem dostala z provinci\u00e1ln\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 a nav\u00edc z\u00edskala kvalitn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed; zalo\u017een\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v Mannheimu a jej\u00ed velkolep\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zapo\u010dala v meteorologii nov\u00e1 \u00e9ra.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed navz\u00e1jem porovn\u00e1vat, byla za jeho p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed zah\u00e1jena pravideln\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v 7, 14 a 21 hodin \u2013 v \u010dasech, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dodnes.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnad za\u010dal spolupracovat se Societas Meteorologicas Palatina pravideln\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm podle jej\u00edch pokyn\u016f od 1. srpna 1781. Na v\u00fdzvu t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti o zapojen\u00ed z 19. \u00fanora 1781 odpov\u011bd\u011bla pra\u017esk\u00e1 univerzita 3. kv\u011btna 1781 vzletn\u00fdm dopisem, \u017ee celou akci v\u00edt\u00e1; podeps\u00e1no je p\u0159itom osm tehdej\u0161\u00edch hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016f \u010di funkcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, marn\u011b v\u0161ak mezi nimi hled\u00e1me Strnadovo jm\u00e9no. Ten je tam zm\u00edn\u011bn pouze implicitn\u011b konstatov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee se tito potent\u00e1ti budou \u201e&#8230; \u00fazkostliv\u011b starati, aby p\u0159i t\u011bch, jimi ona pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed budeme sv\u011b\u0159ovati, nikdy nebylo postr\u00e1d\u00e1no nic co do nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pe\u010dlivosti a vytrvalosti v\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. Tedy vlastn\u011b o Strnadovi bez Strnada, kdy\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b pozoroval po\u010das\u00ed ji\u017e sedm\u00fd rok. Kontaktn\u00ed osobou mezi p\u0159edstaviteli univerzity a n\u00edm byl nepochybn\u011b profesor Jan Tes\u00e1nek, p\u0159edstaven\u00fd oboru fyziky a matematiky na filozofick\u00e9 fakult\u011b, Strnad\u016fv u\u010ditel z jezuitsk\u00e9 koleje v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnadova pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byla velmi pe\u010dliv\u00e1, co\u017e je mj. z\u0159ejm\u00e9 ze t\u0159\u00ed pochval, kter\u00e9 byly redaktory mannheimsk\u00fdch ro\u010denek oti\u0161t\u011bny. Ve svazku za rok 1783 se p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eNem\u016f\u017eeme neud\u011bliti na tomto m\u00edst\u011b ve\u0159ejnou chv\u00e1lu na\u0161emu slovutn\u00e9mu druhovi Strnadovi, jen\u017e ve sv\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch z\u00e1znamech popsal historii stavu oblohy (po\u010das\u00ed) od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce roku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech denn\u00edch i no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch stru\u010dn\u00fdm slohem, kter\u00e9\u017eto v\u011bci prv\u00fd dal p\u0159\u00edklad.&#8221; Podobn\u011b \u010dteme ve svazku z r. 1784: \u201eZ mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou nejprve (uvedena) pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed konan\u00e1 v Praze na\u0161\u00edm slavn\u00fdm kolegou Strnadem. Byla kon\u00e1na v dob\u011b od 1. \u010dervence do 6. srpna ve dne i v noci v jednotliv\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch tlakom\u011brem, teplom\u011brem a vlhkom\u011brem s pozn\u00e1mkami o stavu oblohy (po\u010das\u00ed) a o de\u0161ti.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mannheimsk\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost publikovala 12 ro\u010denek pro l\u00e9ta 1781\u20131792. V nich byly z \u00fazem\u00ed rakousk\u00e9 monarchie publikov\u00e1ny \u00fadaje jen ze dvou stanic: Prahy a Ofenu (dne\u0161n\u00ed Budape\u0161ti), proto\u017ee V\u00edde\u0148 na v\u00fdzvu ke spolupr\u00e1ci neodpov\u011bd\u011bla.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnadovou z\u00e1sluhou byly koncem 80. let 18. stolet\u00ed z\u0159izov\u00e1ny i meteorologick\u00e9 stanice mimo Prahu, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ej\u00edt od individu\u00e1ln\u00edho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed k region\u00e1ln\u00edm popis\u016fm podneb\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Z nich se\u00a0\u00a0 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi staly \u017ditenice u Litom\u011b\u0159ic, kde pozoroval v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 let (1788\u20131829) far\u00e1\u0159 F. Kreybich, kter\u00fd si z\u00edskal uzn\u00e1n\u00ed i jako kartograf, pop\u0159. v Tel\u010di, kde pozoroval l\u00e9ka\u0159 dr. Magg a v Tepl\u00e9 u Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00ed, kde spolupracoval premonstr\u00e1t P. Krama\u0159\u00edk.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e koncem 18. stolet\u00ed vznikla c.k. Vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost v Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9m (K.k. ekonomisch-patriotische Gesellschaft im Konigreich Bohmen), napomohl prof. Strnad dal\u0161\u00edmu rozvoji s\u00edt\u011b venkovsk\u00fdch dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f, tak\u017ee ji\u017e od t\u00e9to doby se m\u016f\u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 meteorologie, p\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159estavovan\u00e1 jen pra\u017eskou observato\u0159\u00ed, pochlubit 20\u201325 stanicemi v \u010desk\u00fdch kraj\u00edch, a to nejen v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch, n\u00fdbr\u017e i ve vysok\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch \u0160umavy (Rehberg &#8211; Srn\u00ed) a Krkono\u0161 (Sv. Petr). Jejich hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jsou dochov\u00e1na od r. 1797 na p\u0159edti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch \u201etabell\u00e1ch&#8221; (v\u00fdkazech), jejich\u017e autorem byl Strnad. Sv\u00fdmi aktivitami se stal zakladatelem modern\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 meteorologie, agrometeorologie a fenologie.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fd\u0161ky Slunce p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu meridi\u00e1nem pomoc\u00ed kvadrantu o polom\u011bru 3,5 stopy, kter\u00e9 vykonal roku 1776, vypo\u010detl zem\u011bpisnou \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku klementinsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny. V\u00fdsledkem \u03c6 = 50\u00b0 4\u2032 32\u2033 doplnil Stepling\u016fv \u00fadaj o zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 d\u00e9lce 32\u00b0 11\u2032 15\u2033 v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Ferra a t\u00edm byla ur\u010dena p\u0159esn\u00e1 poloha hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny. P\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtech vych\u00e1zel ze 42 nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e profesor Strnad zem\u0159el, p\u0159ipom\u00ednali jeho sou\u010dasn\u00edci, jak\u00fd byl vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed a uzn\u00e1van\u00fd vlastenec a dobr\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk. Ji\u017e za jeho \u017eivota oslavil Strnadovo vlastenectv\u00ed b\u00e1sn\u00edk Anton\u00edn Pavlovsk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00ed, nadepsanou \u201e\u00d3da na d\u016fstojn\u00e9ho p\u00e1na, pana Anton\u00edna Strnada&#8221;, oti\u0161t\u011bnou v Puchmajerov\u011b Almanachu z r. 1789.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V den\u00edku klementinsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny napsal jeho n\u00e1stupce M. A. David tuto pozn\u00e1mku: \u201eDne 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1799 z r\u00e1na kolem hodiny p\u016fl sedm\u00e9, slovutn\u00fd pan Anton\u00edn Strnad, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd astronom a profesor, \u0159editel Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, zem\u0159el v Sazen\u00e9&#8230; Jeho\u017e j\u00e1 jako dobrodince jsem ctil, jako p\u0159\u00edtele miloval, a jako mu\u017ee bez poskvrny jsem si v\u00e1\u017eil. B\u016fh nejlep\u0161\u00ed, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, nech\u0165 v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdmi radostmi jej obla\u017euje!&#8221;. K uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky sv\u00e9ho zesnul\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce David zm\u011b\u0159il zem\u011bpisnou polohu obce Chr\u017e\u00edna, kde byl Strnad pochov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u017de v\u011bt\u0161ina Strnadov\u00fdch spis\u016f je ps\u00e1na n\u011bmecky, \u010d\u00e1st latinsky a jen minimum \u010desky, nebylo v\u016fbec na \u00fajmu jeho vztahu k mate\u0159\u0161tin\u011b a nen\u00ed to v rozporu s t\u00edm, \u017ee byl \u010desk\u00fdm v\u011bdcem. Nezapom\u00ednejme, \u017ee \u017eil v dob\u011b, kdy se n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrozen\u00ed teprve p\u0159ipravovalo. V n\u011bm psal n\u011bmecky o \u010de\u0161tin\u011b Josef Dobrovsk\u00fd (1753\u20131829), jeho vedouc\u00ed osobnost, stejn\u011b jako v t\u00e9to \u0159e\u010di publikovala sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce \u010cesk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nauk (Abhandlungen der bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften). Ve Strnadov\u011b bibliografii je uv\u00e1d\u011bna pouze jedin\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 publikace, Stolet\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 na zp\u016fsob Krysstoffa z Helviku z r. 1793. Jeho spis\u016f v mate\u0159\u0161tin\u011b v\u0161ak bylo v\u00edce; pat\u0159\u00ed sem toti\u017e i jeho dv\u011b minuce (kalend\u00e1\u0159e) z let 1794 a 1795. Jako vlastenec a buditel usiloval o povznesen\u00ed venkova, kter\u00e9mu ur\u010dil popul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky o v\u00fdznamu meteorologie a fenologie, ale i p\u0159\u00edmo pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed o poln\u00edm a lesn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, boji proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm a podobn\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnadovo v\u011bdeck\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed je nerozlu\u010dn\u011b spjato se soukromou \u201eU\u010denou spole\u010dnost\u00ed\u201c, v jej\u00ed\u017e \u201eAbhandlungen&#8221; z roku 1775 publikoval sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek z meteorologie O pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed v roce 1774.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A. Strnad se sna\u017eil se o p\u0159etvo\u0159en\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 U\u010den\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti na ve\u0159ejnou Kr\u00e1lovskou \u010deskou spole\u010dnost. Kdy\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti pod\u00e1vali v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1784 c\u00edsa\u0159i Josefu II. \u017e\u00e1dost, aby se toto voln\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f mohlo zm\u011bnit ve ve\u0159ejnou spole\u010dnost, mezi jej\u00edmi dev\u00edti signat\u00e1\u0159i byl i profesor Strnad, kter\u00fd byl pot\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dlenem t\u0159\u00ed\u010dlenn\u00e9 deputace, kter\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dost c\u00edsa\u0159i na pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b osobn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1vala. Nov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed bylo nazv\u00e1no \u201eSocietas scientiarum Bohemica&#8221; (\u010cesk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nauk). P\u0159edsedou spole\u010dnosti byl v letech 1787 a\u017e 1788.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O Strnadov\u011b aktivit\u011b sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed mj. to, \u017ee se stal kustodem sb\u00edrek spole\u010dnosti nebo \u017ee v roce 1791 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el na jej\u00ed slavnostn\u00ed sch\u016fzi za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti c\u00edsa\u0159e Leopolda II. o slune\u010dn\u00edm zatm\u011bn\u00ed. Av\u0161ak nevd\u011bk sv\u011btem vl\u00e1dne. O t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji byl toti\u017e jej\u00edm veden\u00edm odvol\u00e1n ze spr\u00e1vy s\u00edt\u011b meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dnost zam\u00fd\u0161lela organizovat. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byl strach jej\u00edch konzervativn\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem tajn\u00fdch spolk\u016f, kter\u00fd vydala v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v obav\u011b p\u0159ed osv\u00edcenci, p\u016fvodci francouzsk\u00e9 revoluce 1789. Jejich podez\u00edravost neuspokojilo ani vynucen\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 Strnadovo prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dlenem tajn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010di spolku nen\u00ed. P\u0159itom nelhal, i kdy\u017e nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doklady potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee zedn\u00e1\u0159em byl; jen\u017ee a\u017e do roku 1848 byly zedn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 l\u00f3\u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u00e9. Uveden\u00e9 odvol\u00e1n\u00ed vedlo patrn\u011b k tomu, \u017ee se Strnad za\u010dal kr\u00e1tce nato anga\u017eovat v organizaci meteorologick\u00fdch dobrovoln\u00fdch stanic v r\u00e1mci Vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O rok pozd\u011bji se do\u017eil profesor Strnad nov\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti. Proto\u017ee byl dosavadn\u00ed tajemn\u00edk \u010cesk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nauk Josef Dobrovsk\u00fd del\u0161\u00ed dobu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nemocen, se\u0161lo se deset \u010dlen\u016f v prosinci 1795 ve Strnadov\u011b byt\u011b a zvolili ho coby dosavadn\u00edho v\u00fdpomocn\u00e9ho tajemn\u00edka do tohoto \u010destn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu m\u00edsto Dobrovsk\u00e9ho, ani\u017e se tohoto pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u010deln\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavitele n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obrozen\u00ed zeptali na souhlas. J. Dobrovsk\u00e9ho se tato ne\u0161etrnost hluboce dotkla, proto\u017ee to pova\u017eoval za suspendov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdsledkem byl konec dosavadn\u00edho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed se Strnadem.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u011bhlas Strnad\u016fv byl oce\u0148ov\u00e1n doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel v\u0161echny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pocty jen zakr\u00fdvaly b\u00eddn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed pom\u011bry rakousk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho zam\u011bstnance. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed plat univerzitn\u00edho profesora sice \u010dinil 1 000 zlat\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u011b, p\u0159esto v\u0161ak Strnad a\u017e do roku 1791 dost\u00e1val pouze 600 zlat\u00fdch. Bylo to m\u00e1lo, kdy\u017e zast\u00e1val funkci profesora i \u0159editele hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny a m\u011bl z toho platu \u017eivit man\u017eelku a pozd\u011bji tak\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i d\u011bti.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O jeho skromn\u00e9m bydlen\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jeho \u017e\u00e1dost zemsk\u00e9mu guberniu po svatb\u011b roku 1784, aby mu dalo z\u0159\u00eddit pro jeho byt kloset nebo aspo\u0148 v\u00fdlevku vedle hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, kdy\u017e mus\u00ed v Klementinu bydlet. Pouk\u00e1zal na to, jak je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 slu\u017eebnictvu vyn\u00e1\u0161et do bytu vodu a p\u0159edm\u011bty denn\u00ed pot\u0159eby po schodi\u0161ti o 85 schodech, \u017ee je v\u0161ak mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odn\u00e1\u0161et jin\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty dol\u016f, jak se s\u00e1m ke sv\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let. A dodal, \u017ee za takov\u00e9ho stavu v\u011bc\u00ed slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed \u010dasto slu\u017ebu. Schod\u016f si jist\u011b u\u017eil dost, proto\u017ee ve sv\u00e9m pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 1785 se zmi\u0148uje o tom, \u017ee detailn\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh vlhkosti m\u011b\u0159il vlhkom\u011brem Lambertov\u00fdm, pon\u011bvad\u017e \u201eHygrometru mannheimsk\u00e9ho se nemohu tak \u010dasto t\u00e1zat, nebo\u0165 je um\u00edst\u011bn 108 schod\u016f nad m\u00fdm pokojem&#8221;. Nelze se proto divit, \u017ee do 4. patra v\u011b\u017ee chod\u00edval ji\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b jen n\u011bkdy.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 18. stolet\u00ed se Strnad tak\u00e9 zaslou\u017eil o z\u00e1chranu starom\u011bstsk\u00e9ho orloje, kter\u00fd byl od roku 1735 v kritick\u00e9m stavu a pra\u017esk\u00fd magistr\u00e1t m\u011bl v \u00famyslu jej d\u00e1t do star\u00e9ho \u017eeleza. Strnad v\u0161ak ch\u00e1pal jeho historickou hodnotu a usiloval proto o jeho opravu. Po del\u0161\u00edm \u00fasil\u00ed se mu poda\u0159ilo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit magistr\u00e1tn\u00edho radu Fischera a posl\u00e9ze i cel\u00fd magistr\u00e1t, jen\u017e uvolnil \u010d\u00e1stku pot\u0159ebnou pro rekonstrukci. Za Strnadova odborn\u00e9ho dohledu opravu provedl za 793 zlat\u00fdch v letech 1787 a\u017e 1791 hodin\u00e1\u0159 \u0160imon Landsperger. Jeliko\u017e si magistr\u00e1t uv\u011bdomil, jak velkou slu\u017ebu pro m\u011bsto Strnad t\u00edmto \u010dinem ud\u011blal, byl p\u0159ijat spolu se sv\u00fdmi syny do svazku pra\u017esk\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f a zbaven v\u0161ech poplatk\u016f.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech \u017eivota p\u0159i po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed nemoci a p\u0159i v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 drahot\u011b byl nucen \u010dasto si p\u016fj\u010dovat pen\u00edze; na \u00fahradu dluh\u016f pak po jeho smrti padla cel\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 knihovna, budovan\u00e1 jist\u011b za cenu velk\u00fdch osobn\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed. Roku 1799 onemocn\u011bl Strnad tuberkul\u00f3zou. Po zhor\u0161en\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho stavu jej pozval kn\u00ed\u017ee Ferdinand Kinsk\u00fd na sv\u016fj z\u00e1mek v Sazen\u00e9, aby se zde zotavil. Anton\u00edn Strnad zde v\u0161ak 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1799 zem\u0159el. Je poh\u0159ben na h\u0159bitov\u011b kostela svat\u00e9ho Klimenta v Chr\u017e\u00edn\u011b u Velvar.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jedinou pam\u00e1tkou na prof. Strnada v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Praze je ulice v Male\u0161ic\u00edch, nesouc\u00ed jeho jm\u00e9no od roku 1931 s t\u00edmto zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm: \u201eAnton\u00edn Strnad (1749\u20131799), matematik a hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159, rektor pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzity&#8221;. Tedy rovn\u011b\u017e nic o jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v meteorologii, stejn\u011b jako nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd rok narozen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-88ea7b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"88ea7b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-323e1bd\" data-id=\"323e1bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7b476f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7b476f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroje:<\/em><\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">J\u00c1CHIM, F., 1997. Anton\u00edn Strnad a zlat\u00e9 obdob\u00ed Klementina. Matematika, fyzika, informatika. \u010c\u00eds. 6, s. 47. ISSN 1210-1761.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">KR\u0160KA, K., \u0160AMAJ, F., 2001. D\u011bjiny meteorologie v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a na Slovensku. Nakl. Karolinum, Univerzita Karlova v Praze. 563 str. ISBN 80-7184-951-0.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">MUNZAR, J., 1996. Anton\u00edn Strnad (1746\u20131799), pr\u016fkopn\u00edk \u010desk\u00e9 meteorologie. <em>Meteorologick\u00e9 Zpr\u00e1vy<\/em>, ro\u010d. <strong>49<\/strong>, \u010d. 6, s 161\u2013166. ISSN 0026-1173.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">NOV\u00dd, L., 1961. D\u011bjiny exaktn\u00edch v\u011bd v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch do konce 19. stolet\u00ed. Praha: Academia, s. 108.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">PEJML, K., 1975. 200 let meteorologick\u00e9 observato\u0159e v\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9m Klementinu. HM\u00da a St\u00e1tn\u00ed nakladatelstv\u00ed technick\u00e9 literatury. Praha. 1. vyd. 78 s.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SEYDL, O., 1947. V\u011bdeck\u00e1 \u010dinnost a buditelsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost kr\u00e1l. astronoma Anton\u00edna Strnada. \u0158\u00ed\u0161e hv\u011bzd. \u010d\u00eds. 8, s. 195. ISSN 0035-5550.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SEYDL, O., 1952. Meteorologie na pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b a v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch v\u00a0minulosti (1752\u20131839). In: Hanzl\u00edk\u016fv sborn\u00edk. K\u00a0sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdm narozenin\u00e1m. Publikace \u0159ady C, Svazek VI. Praha: St\u00e1tn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd \u00fastav. s. 13\u201351.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #003366;\">SEYDL, O., 1963. Meteorologie na pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b v\u00a0Praze \u2013 Klementinu (1752\u20131940). In: <em>Sborn\u00edk prac\u00ed HM\u00da<\/em>, svazek 1. Praha, s\u00a09\u201334.<\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60efa9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60efa9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-899f7aa\" data-id=\"899f7aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5d4d99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"c5d4d99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item{display:inline-block;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item img{margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item .gallery-caption{margin:0}.elementor-image-gallery figure img{display:block}.elementor-image-gallery figure figcaption{width:100%}.gallery-spacing-custom .elementor-image-gallery .gallery-icon{padding:0}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item{max-width:50%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item{max-width:33.33%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item{max-width:25%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item{max-width:20%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-6 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(max-width:479px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-10 .gallery-item{max-width:100%}}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1008 gallery-columns-5 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c5d4d99\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Anton\u00edn Strnad s podpisem\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTAxMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTBcL0FudG9uaW4tU3RybmFkLXMtcG9kcGlzZW0tc2NhbGVkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImM1ZDRkOTkifQ%3D%3D\" href='http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-s-podpisem-scaled.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-s-podpisem-199x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-s-podpisem-199x300.jpg 199w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-s-podpisem-678x1024.jpg 678w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin-Strnad-s-podpisem-768x1160.jpg 768w, 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height=\"200\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Antonin_Strnad.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c5d4d99\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Portr\u00e9t Anton\u00edna Strnada\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTAxMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTBcL1BvcnRyZXQtQW50b25pbmEtU3RybmFkYS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjNWQ0ZDk5In0%3D\" href='http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Portret-Antonina-Strnada.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Portret-Antonina-Strnada-191x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Portret-Antonina-Strnada-191x300.jpg 191w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Portret-Antonina-Strnada-651x1024.jpg 651w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Portret-Antonina-Strnada-768x1209.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Portret-Antonina-Strnada-976x1536.jpg 976w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Portret-Antonina-Strnada-1301x2048.jpg 1301w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Portret-Antonina-Strnada.jpg 1625w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c5d4d99\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Strnad a jeho podpis\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTAxNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTBcL1N0cm5hZC1hLWplaG8tcG9kcGlzLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImM1ZDRkOTkifQ%3D%3D\" href='http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Strnad-a-jeho-podpis.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Strnad-a-jeho-podpis-218x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Strnad-a-jeho-podpis-218x300.jpg 218w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Strnad-a-jeho-podpis.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c5d4d99\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Strnad_N\u00e1chod\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTAxNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cDpcL1wvd3d3LmNtZXMuY3pcL3dlYlwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyM1wvMTBcL1N0cm5hZF9OYWNob2QuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYzVkNGQ5OSJ9\" href='http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Strnad_Nachod.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Strnad_Nachod-240x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Strnad_Nachod-240x300.jpg 240w, http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Strnad_Nachod.jpg 277w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5efa6ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5efa6ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-34fb559\" data-id=\"34fb559\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3a3ca8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3a3ca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr \/><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>ANTON\u00cdN STRNAD (1746\u20131799), PR\u016eKOPN\u00cdK \u010cESK\u00c9 METEOROLOGIE<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><ol style=\"text-align: left;\"><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong> \u00daVOD<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e jsem byl kontaktov\u00e1n redakc\u00ed Meteorologick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, zda by se m\u011blo na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch na\u0161eho \u010dasopisu p\u0159ipome\u00adnout v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed Anton\u00edna Strnada, byl jsem zpo\u010d\u00e1tku na pochyb\u00e1ch, zda je to nezbytn\u00e9, kdy\u017e literatura o jeho \u017eivot\u011b a d\u00edle je pom\u011brn\u011b bohat\u00e1 a zcela ned\u00e1vno o n\u011bm pojednal K. Kr\u0161ka v p\u0159\u00edloze MZ [11]. Jenom\u017ee i posledn\u00ed kompletn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 encyklopedie z r. 1987 uvedla: \u201eStrnad, Anton\u00edn, 10. 8. 1749 &#8211; 23. 9. 1799, \u010desk\u00fd astronom; od r. 1781 \u0159editel hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny v Klementinu. Zab\u00fdval se pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm meteor\u016f, m\u011b\u0159il slo\u017eky zemsk\u00e9ho magnetismu.&#8221; [12]. Tedy prakticky nic o meteoro\u00adlogii, kter\u00e9 se v\u011bnoval nejv\u00edce, proto\u017ee ve\u0159ejnost ch\u00e1pe u\u017e meteory jen v astronomick\u00e9m smyslu. Mimo to zde p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 neprok\u00e1zan\u00fd rok narozen\u00ed, kter\u00fd \u010din\u00ed Strnada o tri roky mlad\u00ad\u0161\u00edm, ne\u017e se uv\u00e1d\u00ed v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e. Nelze se proto divit, \u017ee stejn\u00e9 datum jeho narozen\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bla tak\u00e9 1. ver\u00adze hesl\u00e1\u0159e Biografick\u00e9ho slovn\u00edku \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00fd je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n kolektivem Historick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR, veden\u00fdm PhDr. Janem Novotn\u00fdm, CSc.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Proto si profesor Strnad, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za zakladatele \u010desk\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 meteorologie, agrometeorologie a fenologie, kter\u00fd st\u00e1l u zrodu dnes u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 2201et\u00e9 pra\u017esk\u00e9 sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159ady teplot vzduchu a t\u00edm n\u00e1s \u201ezviditelnil&#8221; v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed nepochybn\u011b zaslou\u017e\u00ed. C\u00edlem \u010dl\u00e1nku je upozornit p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 detaily z jeho \u017eivota a d\u00edla, v\u010detn\u011b prac\u00ed o n\u011bm z obdob\u00ed 1786-1996.<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"text-align: left;\" start=\"2\"><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong> KDY SE VLASTN\u011a NARODIL?<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Abychom mohli odpov\u011bdn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednat n\u011bjak\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed, mus\u00edme si b\u00fdt jisti datem ud\u00e1losti &#8211; tomu tak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b A. Strnada de facto nen\u00ed: v literatu\u0159e o n\u011bm je datum naroze\u00adn\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bno v rozp\u011bt\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed let 1746-1749, pomineme-li zjevnou chybu tisku v pr\u00e1ci [19], kter\u00e1 dokonce uvedla rok 1716. Sama Karlova univerzita, jej\u00edm\u017e byl profesorem a rektorem, je v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce \u201erozpolcen\u00e1&#8221;, proto\u017ee v kartot\u00e9ce sv\u00e9ho archivu m\u00e1 dodnes dva \u00fadaje: 14. 8. 1746 podle [5] a 10. 8. 1749 podle [17]; ob\u011bma je spole\u010dn\u00e9 pouze m\u00edsto narozen\u00ed N\u00e1chod [21]. Naopak prakticky jednota je v ot\u00e1zce Strnadova \u00famrt\u00ed: zem\u0159el 23. 9. 1799 v Sazen\u00e9 u Velvar (okr. Kladno) a byl poh\u0159ben na h\u0159bitov\u011b v Chr\u017e\u00edn\u011b; jedinou v\u00fdjimkou je \u00fadaj 29. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e roku [25].<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dosud uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 data Strnadova narozen\u00ed jsou: 1746, 10. srpna [18, 29], 13. srpna [23, 25], snad 13. srpna [28], pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b 13. srpna [27], 14. srpna [4, 5], 14. a 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed [4, 29]; 1747\u00a0\u00a0 [16, 31], 10. srpna [1,20]; 1749\u00a0\u00a0 [2], 10. srpna [12, 17, 30].<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Rok 1749 poprv\u00e9 uvedl Riegr\u00fav slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 125 lety a po n\u011bm jej automaticky p\u0159ej\u00edmaly v\u0161echny nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed encyklopedie; neexistuje v\u0161ak pro n\u011bj \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd autentic\u00adk\u00fd doklad, a proto je nutn\u00e9 ho vylou\u010dit. P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nepodlo\u00ad\u017een\u00fd je tak\u00e9 rok narozen\u00ed 1747, p\u0159esto\u017ee Strnad\u016fv medailonek psal F. M. Pelzel [20] je\u0161t\u011b za jeho \u017eivota a anonymn\u00ed nekro\u00adlog z r. 1804 jin\u00fd jeho sou\u010dasn\u00edk, kter\u00fd p\u0159ejal \u00fadaj Pelzl\u00fav [1].<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Matrika zem\u0159el\u00fdch chr\u017e\u00ednsk\u00e9 farnosti (Matrica defuncto-rum parochiae chr\u017einensis) toti\u017e na str. 129 uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201e23 7bris Sazenae num. domus 1, anno 1799 mortuus est praenobilis Do-minus Antonius Strnad, Regius Astronomus Pragae etc. et membrum Societatis Scientiarum, catholicus, provisus aetate 53 ann. Morbus letalis: Brustwassersucht.&#8221; [19, 24]. Tedy: 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159el v Sazen\u00e9 v dom\u011b \u010d. 1 roku 1799 vzne\u0161en\u00fd pan Anton\u00edn Strnad, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd astronom pra\u017esk\u00fd atd., \u010dlen Spole\u010dnosti v\u011bd, katol\u00edk, do\u017eil se v\u011bku 53 let; p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina smrti: z\u00e1n\u011bt pohrudnice s exsud\u00e1tem (p\u0159el. PhDr. L. Kysu\u010dan). Pades\u00e1t t\u0159i let toti\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 roku narozen\u00ed 1746 a tent\u00fd\u017e letopo\u010det byl uveden na zdokumentovan\u00e9m, ale nedochovan\u00e9m n\u00e1hrobku, kter\u00fd dala zbudovat Strnadova man\u017eelka Kate\u0159ina [4, 15, 28, 29].<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">P\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm dokladem o narozen\u00ed je pak v\u00fdpis z mat\u00adriky farn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu v N\u00e1chod\u011b (dnes ulo\u017een\u00e9 ve St\u00e1tn\u00edm oblastn\u00edm archivu v Z\u00e1mrsku), \u010d. 105-5, \u010dasov\u00e9ho rozsahu 1739-1760, str. 188, kter\u00fd autorovi tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku provedl dr. K. Hrom\u00e1dka: \u201e13. srpna 1746 pok\u0159t\u011bno jest d\u00edt\u011b Anton\u00edn, Josef, V\u00e1clav, Jan od dvojctihodn\u00fdho pana Jana Strnada, d\u011bkana. Otec: pan Anton\u00edn Strnad, matka: Terezie. &#8221; [15]<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z n\u011bj plyne jednak definitivn\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed narozen\u00ed p\u0159ed 250 lety, jednak lze vylou\u010dit v\u0161echna data po 13. srpnu &#8211; nikoliv v\u0161ak p\u0159ed n\u00edm, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o datum k\u0159tu! A d\u011bti se k\u0159tily p\u0159\u00edmo v den narozen\u00ed jen zcela v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota. Tomu v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tak nebylo, nebo\u0165 kmotrem byl kaplan kosteleck\u00fd a sv\u011bdky kaplan n\u00e1chodsk\u00fd a man\u00ad\u017eelka purkrab\u00edho kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edho panstv\u00ed n\u00e1chodsk\u00e9ho [28, 29]. Tak slavn\u00fd k\u0159est za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti t\u0159\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a rodi\u00adny purkrab\u00edho bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u00e1r dn\u00ed p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravit. Je proto velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm dnem Strnadova naro\u00adzen\u00ed 10. srpen uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd ve spojen\u00ed s nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm rokem v jeho nejstar\u0161\u00edch \u017eivotopisech.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Co dodat? \u017de omyl v letopo\u010dtu na\u0161ich encyklo\u00adpedi\u00ed vznikl z\u0159ejm\u011b tak, \u017ee saze\u010d p\u0159i ru\u010dn\u00ed sazb\u011b Riegrova slovn\u00edku v r. 1870 omylem oto\u010dil \u010d\u00edslici, tak\u017ee ze 6 se stala 9. A chybn\u00fd den narozen\u00ed 14. srp\u00adna na pomn\u00edku? V dob\u011b bez televize, rozhlasu i ka\u017e\u00addodenn\u00edch novin byla p\u0159edstava o \u010dasu m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e1 ne\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti. Rok se \u010dlenil podle hlavn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed srpnov\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, Nanebevzet\u00ed R Marie, je dodnes 15. srpna. Je tedy pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee pan\u00ed Kate\u0159ina si man\u017eelovo narozen\u00ed fixovala jako ud\u00e1lost p\u0159ed t\u00edmto mari\u00e1nsk\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem a po letech, bez jeho k\u0159estn\u00edho listu, j\u00ed u\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed data spl\u00fdvala.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lze tedy stru\u010dn\u011b rekapitulovat \u017eivotn\u00ed b\u011bh Anton\u00edna Str\u00adnada takto: po absolutoriu gymn\u00e1zia v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 vstou\u00adpil v 17 (nikoliv 14) letech do jezuitsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, ve 28 letech &#8211; rok po zru\u0161en\u00ed \u0159\u00e1du &#8211; se stal adjunktem pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, ve 32 letech univerzitn\u00edm profesorem, v 35 letech \u0159editelem hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, ve 46 letech byl zvolen d\u011bkanem filozofick\u00e9 fakul\u00adty a ve 49 letech rektorem Karlovy univerzity.<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"text-align: left;\" start=\"3\"><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong> SPOLUPR\u00c1CE S MANNHEIMSKOU METEOROLOGICKOU SPOLE\u010cNOST\u00cd<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Profesor Strnad (uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd t\u00e9\u017e Strnadt, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b Sternat [27]) m\u011bl titul kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd astronom, t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jeho pr\u00e1ce v\u0161ak bylo v meteorologii; dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159ehledy jeho publikac\u00ed [18, 22, 27] jich z tohoto oboru uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159es dvacet. Je t\u0159eba v\u0161ak zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee jak po\u010det kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f, na nich\u017e se pod\u00edlel, je v\u011bt\u00ad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dva tam zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9, tak jeho v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky do deseti mannheimsk\u00fdch ro\u010denek (pro l\u00e9ta 1781-1787, 1789-1792) jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bny nepr\u00e1vem jako jedin\u00e1 polo\u017eka soupisu. P\u0159itom pr\u00e1v\u011b zapojen\u00edm klementinsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 obser\u00advato\u0159e do mannheimsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b se \u010desk\u00e1 meteorologie r\u00e1zem dostala z provinci\u00e1ln\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 a nav\u00edc z\u00edskala kvalitn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed; zalo\u017een\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v Mannheimu a jej\u00ed velkolep\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zapo\u010dala v me\u00adteorologii nov\u00e1 \u00e9ra. [11, 26]<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnad za\u010dal spolupracovat se Societas Meteorologi\u010dt\u00ed Palatina pravideln\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm podle jej\u00edch pokyn\u016f od 1. srpna 1781. Na v\u00fdzvu t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti o zapojen\u00ed z 19. \u00fano\u00adra 1781 odpov\u011bd\u011bla pra\u017esk\u00e1 univerzita 3. kv\u011btna 1781 vzlet\u00adn\u00fdm dopisem, \u017ee celou akci v\u00edt\u00e1; podeps\u00e1no je p\u0159itom osm tehdej\u0161\u00edch hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016f \u010di funkcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, marn\u011b v\u0161ak mezi nimi hled\u00e1me Strnadovo jm\u00e9no [3]. Ten je tam zm\u00edn\u011bn pouze im\u00adplicitn\u011b konstatov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee se tito potent\u00e1ti budou \u201e&#8230; \u00fazko\u00adstliv\u011b starati, aby pri t\u011bch, jimi ona pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed budeme sv\u011b\u0159ovati, nikdy nebylo postr\u00e1d\u00e1no nic co do nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pe\u010dlivosti a vytrvalosti v pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.&#8221; (p\u0159el. V. Kocourek, podle [26]). Tedy vlastn\u011b o Strnadovi bez Strnada, kdy\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b pozoro\u00adval po\u010das\u00ed ji\u017e sedm\u00fd rok. Kontaktn\u00ed osobou mezi p\u0159edstavite\u00adli univerzity a n\u00edm byl nepochybn\u011b profesor Jan Tes\u00e1nek, p\u0159edstaven\u00fd oboru fyziky a matematiky na filozofick\u00e9 fakul\u00adt\u011b, Strnad\u016fv u\u010ditel z jezuitsk\u00e9 koleje v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V prvn\u00edm svazku mannheimsk\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch ro\u010denek je krom\u011b historie vzniku s\u00edt\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a textu v\u00fdzvy ke spolupr\u00e1ci i odpov\u011bdi z Prahy uveden latinsk\u00fd popis p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f a jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v klementinsk\u00e9 observato\u0159i [3]. Proto\u017ee dosud nebyl ve sv\u00e9 \u00faplnosti do \u010de\u0161tiny p\u0159elo\u017een, uve\u00addeme ho in extenso spolu s dodate\u010dn\u00fdmi vysv\u011btlivkami:<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u201ePra\u017esk\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed: autor Strnad<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Dne 22. \u010dervence (1781) byly ve 4. pat\u0159e na\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 observato\u0159e um\u00edst\u011bny p\u0159\u00edstroje takto: teplom\u011br a vlhkom\u011br byly um\u00edst\u011bny p\u0159\u00edmo na severn\u00ed stran\u011b v d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 schr\u00e1nce (budce) ze v\u0161ech stran provrtan\u00e9 stovkami otvor\u016f. To umo\u017e\u00ad\u0148uje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstroje jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed de\u0161t\u011bm i slune\u010dn\u00edmi paprsky v jejich krajn\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed poloze, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vzduch k nim m\u016f\u017ee voln\u011b pronikat. Vedle n\u00ed je z druh\u00e9 strany uvnit\u0159 podobn\u00e9 budky um\u00edst\u011bn n\u00e1\u0161 star\u00fd reaumurov\u00fd teplo\u00adm\u011br.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tlakom\u011br je um\u00edst\u011bn ve stejn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce\u00a0<sup>1<\/sup>) s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstroji uvnit\u0159 observato\u0159e a je p\u0159ipevn\u011bn na jej\u00ed v\u00fdchodoseverov\u00fdchodn\u00ed zdi. Vzhledem k \u0159ece Vltav\u011b, prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed kolem, je um\u00edst\u011bn 40 s\u00e1h\u016f\u00a0<sup>2)<\/sup>\u00a0nad jej\u00ed hladinou. Odchylka tlaku (v\u016f\u010di n\u00ed) je 2,6 (pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1rek\u00a0<sup>3<\/sup>)); spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vhod\u00adn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto v r\u00e1mci nov\u00e9 z\u00e1stavby nebylo nalezeno.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">(Magnetick\u00e1) deklina\u010dn\u00ed jehla (st\u0159elka) byla prvn\u00ed t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce um\u00edst\u011bna v ambitu s v\u00fdklenkem na podstavci ve v\u00fd\u0161ce t\u0159\u00ed stop\u00a0<sup>4<\/sup>), shora kryt\u00e9m mramorovou \u010dtvercovou deskou. Jej\u00ed odchylka byla m\u011b\u0159ena ka\u017ed\u00e9 poledne, kdykoliv jasn\u00e1 obloha umo\u017e\u0148ovala pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, byla (ov\u0161em) sledov\u00e1na i v jin\u00fdch denn\u00edch dob\u00e1ch. Proto\u017ee p\u0159i poledn\u00edm pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byla (sice) odchylka z\u0159ejm\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto nejist\u00e1, byla jehla v z\u00e1jmu spolehlivosti p\u0159enesena do v\u011b\u017ee. Av\u0161ak od listopadu (1781) se magnetick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed stala op\u011bt nejist\u00e1 &#8211; z\u010d\u00e1sti kv\u016fli \u017eelez\u00adn\u00fdm sou\u010d\u00e1stem astronomick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch na 5 stop, z\u010d\u00e1sti pak kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee mramorov\u00e1 deska obsahova\u00adla \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky \u017eeleza, jak jsem si hned napoprv\u00e9 pov\u0161iml. Proto bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed vym\u011bnit podstavec i um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a od 16. \u00fanora (1782) zah\u00e1jit pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Od t\u00e9ho\u017e dne byla tak\u00e9 sledov\u00e1na Branderova inklina\u010dn\u00ed jehla (st\u0159elka), um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011b podle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho n\u00e1vodu. D\u00edky pohybliv\u00e9mu ukazateli byla zji\u0161t\u011bna odchylka 16\u00b030&#8242;, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e st\u0159elka ukazovala v magnetick\u00e9 vertik\u00e1le p\u0159esn\u011b 90\u00b0; touto metodou byla zji\u0161t\u011bna inklinace 70\u00b020&#8242;.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sm\u011br v\u011btru byl zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n &#8211; vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee nebyl po ruce aerometr &#8211; \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b podle tahu oblak\u016f, nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u0161ak podle orientace ozdobn\u00e9ho, zcela voln\u011b pohybliv\u00e9ho prapor\u00adku (sm\u011brovky), um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9ho na vrcholu bl\u00edzk\u00e9 vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mno\u017estv\u00ed spadl\u00e9ho de\u0161t\u011b nebo sn\u011bhu se shroma\u017e\u010fuje v krychli\u010dce (odm\u011brce), opat\u0159en\u00e9 stupnic\u00ed s pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdmi m\u00edra\u00admi, a odva\u017euje se na atomov\u00e9 (citliv\u00e9) v\u00e1ze za pomoci zlat\u00fdch zrn; 36 jich d\u00e1v\u00e1 jednu krychlovou (pa\u0159\u00ed\u017eskou) \u010d\u00e1rku.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u00fdpar se zji\u0161\u0165uje stejn\u011b Felbigerovou metodou; pouze kdy\u017e se zjistilo, \u017ee ob\u011b n\u00e1dobky &#8211; jak se popisuje v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch n\u00e1vodech &#8211; zkorodovaly p\u016fsoben\u00edm vody natolik, \u017ee se koro\u00adze projevila nepatrn\u00fdmi, st\u011b\u017e\u00ed viditeln\u00fdmi otvory, nahradil jsem je dv\u011bma nov\u00fdmi n\u00e1dobami ze \u017elut\u00e9ho plechu, kter\u00e9 byly na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stran\u011b opat\u0159eny stupnic\u00ed s pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1rkami a palci<sup>\u00a05)<\/sup>\u00a0kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 stopy, tak\u017ee se n\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed o\u010dima uka\u00adzuje \u00fabytek vody.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00dadaje o vodn\u00edm stavu \u0159eky (Vltavy) mi sliboval jeden (\u010dlo\u00adv\u011bk). Proto\u017ee jsem je v\u0161ak nakonec nemohl z\u00edskat, zji\u0161\u0165oval jsem je s\u00e1m n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem: do k\u016flu (na m\u011bl\u010din\u011b) jsem v\u017edy ve vzd\u00e1lenosti jedn\u00e9 stopy zatloukl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed h\u0159eby, \u010d\u00edm\u017e jsem si vytvo\u0159il stupnici, kterou mohu s\u00e1m pozorovat z na\u0161\u00ed observato\u0159e (dalekohledem).<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Na\u0161e observato\u0159 se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 na (relativn\u011b) velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a je obklopena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ze severn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed strany ve velmi t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti domy \u017eidovsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti. A\u010dkoliv v\u0161echny Z nich jsou ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e observato\u0159, je jist\u00e9, \u017ee kou\u0159 z tolika sto\u00advek kom\u00edn\u016f, t\u0159eba\u017ee z\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fd, zp\u016fsobuje zm\u011bny na teplom\u011bru (teploty).<sup>\u00a06)\u00a0<\/sup>Naproti\u00a0<sub>na<\/sub>\u00a0vzd\u00e1lenost 1000 s\u00e1h\u016f z\u00e1padoseveroz\u00e1-padn\u00edm sm\u011brem se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 m\u00edrn\u00fd pahorek a t\u00e1hne se a\u017e k v\u00fdchodoseverov\u00fdchodu, na\u0161e v\u011b\u017e ho v\u0161ak p\u0159evy\u0161uje. Daleko vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u011b\u017e je dal\u0161\u00ed kopec, rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1padojihoz\u00e1pad-n\u00edm sm\u011brem (Pet\u0159\u00edn), je v\u0161ak vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten prvn\u00ed. V\u00fdhled na ostatn\u00ed strany je otev\u0159en\u00fd. Severn\u00ed zem\u011bpisn\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka t\u00e9to observato\u0159e je 50\u00b05&#8217;47&#8221;, zem\u011bpisn\u00e1 d\u00e9lka 31\u00b049&#8217;45&#8221;, m\u011b\u0159e\u00adno od ostrova Ferra jako prvn\u00edho poledn\u00edku.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nepochybuji, \u017ee se mnou budou laskav\u011b spolupracovat ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce slovutn\u00ed botanikov\u00e9 a l\u00e9ka\u0159i; jejich zpr\u00e1vy budu s pot\u011b\u0161en\u00edm p\u0159ij\u00edmat a sezn\u00e1m\u00edm s nimi Kurfi\u0159tskou (meteorologickou) spole\u010dnost. &#8221; (p\u0159elo\u017eil PhDr. L. Kysu\u010dan)<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnadova pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byla velmi pe\u010dliv\u00e1, co\u017e je mj. z\u0159ej\u00adm\u00e9 ze t\u0159\u00ed pochval, kter\u00e9 byly redaktory mannheimsk\u00fdch ro\u010de\u00adnek oti\u0161t\u011bny. Ve svazku za rok 1783 se p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eNem\u016f\u017eeme neu\u00add\u011blili na tomto m\u00edst\u011b ve\u0159ejnou chv\u00e1lu na\u0161emu slovutn\u00e9mu dru\u00adhovi Strnadovi, jen\u017e ve sv\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch z\u00e1znamech popsal historii stavu oblohy (po\u010das\u00ed) od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce roku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech denn\u00edch i no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch stru\u010dn\u00fdm slohem, kte\u00adr\u00e9\u017eto v\u011bci prv\u00fd dal p\u0159\u00edklad.&#8221; Podobn\u011b \u010dteme ve svazku z r. 1784: \u201eZ mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou nejprve (uvedena) pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed konan\u00e1 v Praze na\u0161\u00edm slavn\u00fdm kolegou Strnadem. Byla kon\u00e1na v dob\u011b od 1. \u010dervence do 6. srpna ve dne i v noci v jednotliv\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch tlakom\u011brem, teplom\u011brem a vlhkom\u011b\u00adrem s pozn\u00e1mkami o stavu oblohy (po\u010das\u00ed) a o de\u0161ti.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kone\u010dn\u011b r. 1787 vzpomn\u011bla mannheimsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Strnadovy spolupr\u00e1ce t\u011bmito slovy: \u201eJi\u017e p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9ho roku slavn\u00fd n\u00e1\u0161 druh Strnad n\u00e1m poslal velmi znamenit\u00fd z\u00e1znam tlakom\u011bru, teplom\u011bru a vlhkom\u011bru po v\u0161ech 24 hodin p\u0159iro\u00adzen\u00e9ho dne, z\u00e1rove\u0148 s pozn\u00e1mkami o stavu oblohy (po\u010das\u00ed), jak\u00fd se vyskytl v jednotliv\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 otisknouti s ostatn\u00edmi pozorov\u00e1n\u00edmi, a\u010d toho lituje\u00adme. &#8221; [23]<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Z t\u011bchto pochval je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se Strnad nespokojil s t\u0159emi term\u00ednov\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi v 7, 14 a 21 hodin, jak vy\u017eadoval mannheimsk\u00fd n\u00e1vod k pozoro\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed. Konal je podle mo\u017enost\u00ed souvisle po hodin\u00e1ch, prakticky shodn\u011b s dne\u0161n\u00edmi registra\u010dn\u00ed\u00admi p\u0159\u00edstroji. Tento vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkon s pomoc\u00ed pouh\u00e9ho teplo\u00adm\u011bru a tlakom\u011bru, konan\u00fd p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 210 lety, si u\u017e nedove\u00addeme ani p\u0159edstavit &#8211; a to se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jednalo o p\u0159\u00edstroje na vrcholu v\u011b\u017ee, dostupn\u00e9 jen po \u00factyhodn\u00e9m po\u010dtu schod\u016f; pro\u00adto byl Strnad nucen z objektiv\u00adn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f p\u0159en\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edstroje pon\u011bkud n\u00ed\u017ee, vedle sv\u00e9ho bytu. [23, 27] Jako prv\u00fd u n\u00e1s publi\u00adkoval pot\u00e9 graf pr\u016fb\u011bhu tlaku vzduchu, pozd\u011bji i pr\u016fb\u011bhu tep\u00adloty a tlaku vzduchu.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Mannheimsk\u00e1 meteorolo\u00adgick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost publikovala 12 ro\u010denek pro l\u00e9ta 1781-1792. V nich byly z \u00fazem\u00ed rakousk\u00e9 monarchie publikov\u00e1ny \u00fadaje jen ze dvou stanic: Prahy a Ofenu (dne\u0161n\u00ed Budape\u0161ti), proto\u017ee V\u00edde\u0148 na v\u00fdzvu ke spo\u00adlupr\u00e1ci neodpov\u011bd\u011bla.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnadovou z\u00e1sluhou byly koncem 80. let 18. stolet\u00ed z\u0159izo\u00adv\u00e1ny i meteorologick\u00e9 stanice mimo Prahu, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ej\u00edt od individu\u00e1ln\u00edho pozoro\u00adv\u00e1n\u00ed k region\u00e1ln\u00edm popis\u016fm podneb\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Z nich se \u00a0\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi staly \u017ditenice u Litom\u011b\u0159ic, kde pozoroval v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 let (1788-1829) far\u00e1\u0159 F. Kreybich, kter\u00fd si z\u00edskal uzn\u00e1n\u00ed i jako kartograf, pop\u0159. v Tel\u010di, kde pozoroval l\u00e9ka\u0159 dr. Magg a v Tepl\u00e9 u Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00ed, kde spolupracoval premonstr\u00e1t P. Krama\u0159\u00edk.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e koncem 18. stolet\u00ed vznikla c.k. Vlastenecko-hospo-d\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost v Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9m (K.k. okonomisch-patriotische Gesellschaft im Konigreich Bohmen), napomohl prof. Strnad dal\u0161\u00edmu rozvoji s\u00edt\u011b venkovsk\u00fdch dobrovoln\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f, tak\u017ee ji\u017e od t\u00e9to doby se m\u016f\u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 meteoro\u00adlogie, p\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159estavovan\u00e1 jen pra\u017eskou observato\u0159\u00ed, pochlubit 20-25 stanicemi v \u010desk\u00fdch kraj\u00edch, a to nejen v n\u00ed\u017ei\u00adn\u00e1ch, n\u00fdbr\u017e i ve vysok\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch \u0160umavy (Rehberg &#8211; Srn\u00ed) a Krkono\u0161 (Sv. Petr). Jejich hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jsou dochov\u00e1na od r. 1797 na p\u0159edti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch \u201etabell\u00e1ch&#8221; (v\u00fdkazech), jejich\u017e autorem byl Strnad [32].<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"text-align: left;\" start=\"4\"><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong> VLASTENEC A POPULARIZ\u00c1TOR<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Kdy\u017e profesor Strnad zem\u0159el, p\u0159ipom\u00ednali jeho sou\u010dasn\u00ed\u00adci, jak\u00fd byl vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed a uzn\u00e1van\u00fd vlastenec a dobr\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk. Ji\u017e za jeho \u017eivota oslavil Strnadovo vlastenectv\u00ed b\u00e1sn\u00edk Anton\u00edn Pavlovsk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00ed, nadepsanou \u201e\u00d3da na d\u016fstojn\u00e9ho p\u00e1na, pana Anton\u00edna Strnada&#8221;, oti\u0161t\u011bnou v Puchmajerov\u011b Almanachu z r. 1789 a p\u0159eti\u0161t\u011bnou v [15].<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V den\u00edku klementinsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny napsal jeho n\u00e1stupce M. A. David tuto pozn\u00e1mku: \u201eDne 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1799 z r\u00e1na kolem hodiny p\u016fl sedm\u00e9, slovutn\u00fd pan Anton\u00edn Strnad, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd astronom a profesor, \u0159editel Pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, zem\u0159el v Sa\u00adzen\u00e9&#8230; Jeho\u017e j\u00e1 jako dobrodince jsem ctil, jako p\u0159\u00edtele milo\u00adval, a jako mu\u017ee bez poskvrny jsem si v\u00e1\u017eil. B\u016fh nejlep\u0161\u00ed, nej\u00advy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, nech\u0165 v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdmi radostmi jej obla\u017euje!&#8221; [23] K uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky sv\u00e9ho zesnul\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce David zm\u011b\u0159il zem\u011bpis\u00adnou polohu obce Chr\u017e\u00edna, kde byl Strnad pochov\u00e1n: \u201ePo\u00adn\u011bvad\u017e jsem pro zem\u011bpis \u010cech zm\u011b\u0159il polohu mnoha m\u00edst, uv\u00e1\u017eil jsem, \u017ee by nebylo vhodn\u00e9, abych neustanovil polohu m\u00edsta, kde zaslou\u017eil\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd astronom nalezl posledn\u00ed odpo\u010di\u00adnek. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b proto, \u017ee mi byl blahovoln\u011b n\u00e1pomocen k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed astronomick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed, \u017ee mn\u011b poskytoval n\u00e1vod k pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1\u00adn\u00ed astronomick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k astronomick\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm. P\u0159ed m\u00fdm ustanoven\u00edm na hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b (adjunktem v r. 1789 &#8211; pozn. JM) byl m\u00fdm dobrodincem, potom z\u016fstal m\u00fdm \u010destn\u00fdm a up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fdm r\u00e1dcem a\u017e do konce sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota.&#8221; [23] To je v\u00fdmluvn\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o Strnadov\u011b charakteru od sv\u011bdka, jen\u017e s n\u00edm na hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b pracoval patn\u00e1ct let.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ze v\u011bt\u0161ina Strnadov\u00fdch spis\u016f je ps\u00e1na n\u011bmecky, \u010d\u00e1st latin\u00adsky a jen minimum \u010desky, nebylo v\u016fbec na \u00fajmu jeho vztahu k mate\u0159\u0161tin\u011b a nen\u00ed to v rozporu s t\u00edm, \u017ee byl \u010desk\u00fdm v\u011bdcem [10]. Nezapom\u00ednejme, \u017ee \u017eil v dob\u011b, kdy se n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrozen\u00ed teprve p\u0159ipravovalo. V n\u011bm psal n\u011bmecky o \u010de\u0161tin\u011b Josef Dobrovsk\u00fd (1753-1829), jeho vedouc\u00ed osobnost, stejn\u011b jako v t\u00e9to \u0159e\u010di publikovala sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce \u010cesk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nauk (Abhandlungen der bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften). V Strnadov\u011b bibliografi\u00edch [18,22] je uv\u00e1d\u011bna pou\u00adze jedin\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 publikace &#8211; Stolet\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 na zp\u016fsob Krysstoffa z Helviku z r. 1793 [13]. Jeho spis\u016f v mate\u0159\u0161tin\u011b v\u0161ak bylo v\u00edce; pat\u0159\u00ed sem toti\u017e i jeho dv\u011b minuce (kalend\u00e1\u0159e) z let 1794 a 1795.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Prv\u00e1 z nich m\u00e1 kv\u011btnat\u00fd n\u00e1zev Minucy hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 na rok Kry sta P\u00e1na 1795, ke cti swat\u00e9ho W\u00e1clawa. Wydana na poru\u010denj kr\u00e1l. wlastensk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 Spole\u010dnosti Zem\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9, skrze Antonjna Strnada, Doktora, a kr\u00e1l. Hw\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159e, we\u0159ejn\u00fdho V\u010ditele na wysok\u00fdch sskol\u00e1ch Pra\u017esk\u00fdch; rozli\u010d\u00adn\u00fdch v\u010den\u00fdch a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch spole\u010dnostj audem; M\u011bsst\u011bn-jna Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho. W Praze&#8230; 1794.&#8221; Titul druh\u00e9 je u\u017e stru\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: Minucy hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 na rok p\u0159estupn\u00fd 1796, ke cti sw. W\u00e1clawa. Wyd\u00e1na od kr\u00e1l. wlastensk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 Spole\u010d\u00adnosti zem\u011b C\u017eesk\u00e9 skrze Anton. Strnada, kr\u00e1l. Astronoma. W Praze&#8230; 1795. [8]<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pokud jde o zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd Strnad\u016fv kalend\u00e1\u0159 z r. 1793, p\u0159e\u00adkvapiv\u011b nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s bezcenn\u00fdm \u201estolet\u00fdm&#8221; kalen\u00add\u00e1\u0159em a Christophem Helwigem. Vtipn\u00fd n\u00e1zev byl toti\u017e patr\u00adn\u011b jist\u00fdm obchodn\u00edm trikem, kter\u00fd m\u011bl zajistit lep\u0161\u00ed odbyt tohoto fundovan\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e. Dobrou zna\u00adlost meteorologie a klimatick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f pokl\u00e1dal jeho autor za nevyhnuteln\u00fd prost\u0159edek k zveleben\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby; proto jej pova\u017eujeme za zakladatele \u010desk\u00e9 agrometeorologie. Sna\u017eil se tedy naplnit tento spis informacemi z meteorologie a klimatologie a astronomie na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f sv\u00e9 doby, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na v\u00edce m\u00edstech vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdsledk\u016f sv\u00fdch dosa\u00advadn\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. A je z\u0159ejm\u011b i pr\u016fkop\u00adn\u00edkem objektivn\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch pranostik. [13] Mimo to publikoval profesor Strnad minim\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011b popu\u00adl\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky n\u011bmecky, a to Physikalischer Witterungskalender z r. 1788 a Physikalisches Taschenbuch auf das Jahr 1789; Fiir Freunde der Oekonomie und Witterungskunde z r. 1789. Jejich podrobn\u00fd rozbor uve\u0159ejnil O. Seydl [24].<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"text-align: left;\" start=\"5\"><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong> EXKURZE DO JEHO PRACOVN\u00cdCH PROBL\u00c9M\u016e A SOUKROM\u00cd<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnadovo v\u011bdeck\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed je nerozlu\u010dn\u011b spjato se sou\u00adkromou \u201eU\u010denou spole\u010dnost\u00ed&#8221;, v jej\u00ed\u017e \u201eAbhandlungen&#8221; z r. 1775 publikoval sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek z meteorologie -o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed v r. 1774. Kdy\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti pod\u00e1vali v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1784 c\u00edsa\u0159i Josefu II. \u017e\u00e1dost, aby se toto voln\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f mohlo zm\u011bnit ve ve\u0159ejnou spole\u010dnost, mezi jej\u00edmi dev\u00edti signat\u00e1\u0159i byl i profesor Strnad, kter\u00fd byl pot\u00e9 rov\u00adn\u011b\u017e \u010dlenem t\u0159\u00ed\u010dlenn\u00e9 deputace, kter\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dost c\u00edsa\u0159i na pra\u017e\u00adsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b osobn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1vala.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Nov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed bylo nazv\u00e1no \u201eSocietas scientiarum Bohemica&#8221; (\u010cesk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nauk). O Strnadov\u011b aktivit\u011b sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed mj. to, \u017ee se stal kustodem sb\u00edrek spole\u010dnosti nebo \u017ee v r. 1791 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el na jej\u00ed slavnostn\u00ed sch\u016fzi za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti c\u00edsa\u0159e Leopolda II. o slune\u010dn\u00edm zatm\u011bn\u00ed. Av\u0161ak nevd\u011bk sv\u011b\u00adtem vl\u00e1dne. O tri roky pozd\u011bji byl toti\u017e jej\u00edm veden\u00edm odvo\u00adl\u00e1n ze spr\u00e1vy s\u00edt\u011b meteorologick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spo\u00adle\u010dnost zam\u00fd\u0161lela organizovat. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byl strach jej\u00edch konzervativn\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem tajn\u00fdch spolk\u016f, kter\u00fd vydala v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v obav\u011b p\u0159ed osv\u00edcenci, p\u016fvodci francouzsk\u00e9 revoluce 1789. Jejich podez\u00edravost neu\u00adspokojilo ani vynucen\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 Strnadovo prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dle\u00adnem tajn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010di spolku nen\u00ed. P\u0159itom nelhal, i kdy\u017e nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doklady potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee zedn\u00e1\u0159em byl; jen\u017ee a\u017e do roku 1848 byly zedn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 l\u00f3\u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u00e9. [29] Uveden\u00e9 odvol\u00e1n\u00ed vedlo patrn\u011b k tomu, \u017ee se Strnad za\u010dal kr\u00e1tce nato anga\u017eovat v organizaci meteorologick\u00fdch dobrovoln\u00fdch stanic v r\u00e1mci Vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O rok pozd\u011bji se do\u017eil profesor Strnad nov\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edjemnos\u00adti. Proto\u017ee byl dosavadn\u00ed tajemn\u00edk \u010cesk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nauk Josef Dobrovsk\u00fd del\u0161\u00ed dobu v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nemocen, se\u0161lo se deset \u010dlen\u016f v prosinci 1795 ve Strnadov\u011b byt\u011b a zvolili ho coby dosavadn\u00edho v\u00fdpomocn\u00e9ho tajemn\u00edka do tohoto \u010destn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu m\u00edsto Dobrovsk\u00e9ho, ani\u017e se tohoto pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u010deln\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavitele n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obrozen\u00ed zeptali na souhlas. J. Dobrovsk\u00e9ho se tato ne\u0161etrnost hluboce dotkla, proto\u017ee to pova\u017eoval za suspendov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdsledkem byl konec dosavad\u00adn\u00edho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed se Strnadem.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u011bhlas Strnad\u016fv byl oce\u0148ov\u00e1n doma i v zahrani\u00ad\u010d\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel v\u0161echny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pocty jen zakr\u00fdvaly b\u00eddn\u00e9 finan\u010d\u00adn\u00ed pom\u011bry rakousk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho zam\u011bstnance. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed plat univerzitn\u00edho profesora sice \u010dinil 1 000 zlat\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u011b, p\u0159esto v\u0161ak Strnad a\u017e do roku 1791 dost\u00e1val pouze 600 zlat\u00fdch. Bylo to m\u00e1lo, kdy\u017e zast\u00e1val funkci profesora i \u0159editele hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny a m\u011bl z toho platu \u017eivit man\u017eelku a pozd\u011bji tak\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i d\u011bti.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O jeho skromn\u00e9m bydlen\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jeho \u017e\u00e1dost zemsk\u00e9mu guberniu po svatb\u011b r. 1784, aby mu dalo z\u0159\u00eddit pro jeho byt kloset nebo aspo\u0148 v\u00fdlevku vedle hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, kdy\u017e mus\u00ed v Klementinu bydlet. Pouk\u00e1zal na to, jak je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 slu\u017eeb\u00adnictvu vyn\u00e1\u0161et do bytu vodu a p\u0159edm\u011bty denn\u00ed pot\u0159eby po schodi\u0161ti o 85 schodech, \u017ee je v\u0161ak mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odn\u00e1\u00ad\u0161et jin\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty dol\u016f, jak se s\u00e1m ke sv\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let. A dodal, \u017ee za takov\u00e9ho stavu v\u011bc\u00ed slou\u00ad\u017e\u00edc\u00ed opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed \u010dasto slu\u017ebu [27]. Schod\u016f si jist\u011b u\u017eil dost, pro\u00adto\u017ee ve sv\u00e9m pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed z r. 1785 se zmi\u0148uje o tom, \u017ee detail\u00adn\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh vlhkosti m\u011b\u0159il vlhkom\u011brem Lambertov\u00fdm, pon\u011bva\u00add\u017e \u201eHygrometru mannheimsk\u00e9ho se nemohu tak \u010dasto t\u00e1zat, nebo\u0165 je um\u00edst\u011bn 108 schod\u016f nad m\u00fdm pokojem.&#8221; [27] Nelze se proto divit, \u017ee do 4. patra v\u011b\u017ee chod\u00edval ji\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b jen n\u011bkdy.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">V posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech \u017eivota p\u0159i po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed nemoci a p\u0159i v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 drahot\u011b byl nucen \u010dasto si p\u016fj\u010dovat pen\u00edze; na \u00fahradu dluh\u016f pak po jeho smrti padla cel\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 knihovna, budovan\u00e1 jist\u011b za cenu velk\u00fdch osobn\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed [18]. Proto lze tak\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt v jeho meteorologick\u00e9m den\u00edku z r. 1777 ke 4. srp\u00adnu pozn\u00e1mku: \u201ePlatil jsem krej\u010d\u00edmu 6 R, \u0161evci 5 R&#8221; [7].<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Strnad\u016fv den\u00edk je v\u0161ak zaj\u00edmav\u00fd i jinak, proto\u017ee vedle z\u00e1znam\u016f o n\u00e1stupu \u010di konci fenologick\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed rostlin a zv\u00ed\u00ad\u0159at jsou zde zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky, kter\u00e9 zlid\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed strohou \u0159e\u010d \u010d\u00edsel. Nap\u0159. \u010dteme k 3. \u010dervenci 1783: \u201eVelmi chladn\u00fd den, mnoz\u00ed si obl\u00e9kli zimn\u00ed \u0161aty.&#8221; Nebo k 5. lednu 1784: \u201eObt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd mr\u00e1z pro poko\u017eku, pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata i lidi; v\u0161e pokryto n\u00e1mrazou, okna uvnit\u0159 siln\u011b zamrzl\u00e1, kter\u00e1 nerozeh\u0159\u00e1lo ani Slunce.&#8221; Pozn\u00e1mka k 30. lednu 1785 uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eSiln\u00e1 rychl\u00e1 obleva na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch. Uvnit\u0159 budovy byly oj\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zdi. Zotavili jsme se pon\u011bkud venku, kde byl vzduch \u010derstv\u00fd; uvnit\u0159 dom\u016f byl vzduch nesnesiteln\u00fd.&#8221; Kone\u010dn\u011b 11. b\u0159ezna 1786 Strnad zapsal: \u201eN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Pra\u017ean\u00e9 tvrdili, \u017ee usly\u0161eli h\u0159m\u011bn\u00ed. J\u00e1 v tom\u00adto \u010dase bd\u011bl a nebylo mi dovoleno b\u00fdti tak \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm n\u011bco z toho vn\u00edmati, a\u010dkoliv v dom\u011b bylo naprost\u00e9 ticho&#8221; [7].<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"text-align: left;\" start=\"6\"><li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong> Z\u00c1V\u011aR<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Jedinou pam\u00e1tkou na prof. Strnada v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Praze je ulice v Male\u0161ic\u00edch, nesouc\u00ed jeho jm\u00e9no od r. 1931 s t\u00edmto zd\u016f\u00advodn\u011bn\u00edm: \u201eAnton\u00edn Strnad (1749-1799), matematik a hv\u011bz\u00add\u00e1\u0159, rektor pra\u017esk\u00e9 univerzity.&#8221; [2] Tedy rovn\u011b\u017e nic o jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v meteorologii, stejn\u011b jako nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd rok narozen\u00ed. Lze doufat, \u017ee snad tento \u010dl\u00e1nek k jeho 250. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed narozen\u00ed s mozaikou z jeho \u017eivota a d\u00edla p\u0159isp\u011bje k tomu, aby jak nov\u00e9 encyklopedie, tak nov\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fvodce pra\u017esk\u00fdmi ulicemi sv\u00e9 \u00fadaje o n\u011bm kone\u010dn\u011b opravily nebo doplnily. Zaslou\u017eil by si to t\u0159eba jen proto, \u017ee mu vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme za z\u00e1chranu v\u011bhlasn\u00e9ho starom\u011bstsk\u00e9ho orloje, kter\u00fd m\u011bl koncem 18. stolet\u00ed z popudu nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 osv\u00edcen\u00fdch radn\u00edch skon\u010dit ve \u0161rotu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Lektor RNDr. K. Kr\u0161ka, CSc, rukopis odevzd\u00e1n v \u0159\u00edjnu 1996.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Jan Munzar, MZ 1996\/6, ro\u010dn\u00edk 49, str. 161-166<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9402213 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9402213\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e74ee7b\" data-id=\"e74ee7b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-813a59a elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"813a59a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-toggle{text-align:left}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title{font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:0;padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #d5d8dc;cursor:pointer;outline:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon{display:inline-block;width:1em}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon svg{margin-inline-start:-5px;width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon.elementor-toggle-icon-right{float:right;text-align:right}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon.elementor-toggle-icon-left{float:left;text-align:left}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon .elementor-toggle-icon-closed{display:block}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon .elementor-toggle-icon-opened{display:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active{border-bottom:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-toggle-icon-closed{display:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-toggle-icon-opened{display:block}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-content{padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #d5d8dc;display:none}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title{padding:12px}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-content{padding:12px 10px}}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-toggle,.e-con>.elementor-widget-toggle{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1351\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1351\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Pozn\u00e1mky<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1351\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1351\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1) 39 metr\u016f nad povrchem dvora [6].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2) V origin\u00e1le 40 orgyarum. V. Hlav\u00e1\u010d p\u0159elo\u017eil jako 40 stop [7], co\u017e realit\u011b neodpov\u00edd\u00e1. Jak\u00fd s\u00e1h v\u0161ak m\u011bl Strnad na mysli? Jeho hodnota byla region\u00e1ln\u011b rozd\u00edln\u00e1 a pohybovala se asi od 1,71 m do 2,9 m, proto\u017ee v posledn\u00ed \u010dtvrtin\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed se vyskytovala t\u0159\u00ed\u0161\u0165 nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch m\u011brn\u00fdch soustav, kter\u00e9 nebyly vz\u00e1jemn\u011b spojiteln\u00e9 a jejich\u017e p\u0159epo\u010det p\u016fsobil mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Proto\u017ee se v\u0161ak v ostatn\u00edm textu hovo\u00ad\u0159\u00ed o pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdch m\u00edr\u00e1ch, jednalo se patrn\u011b o jednotku toise, rovnou 1,9488 m [9]; v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by m\u011bl b\u00fdt tlakom\u011br um\u00edst\u011bn 77,952 m nad hladinou Vltavy, co\u017e tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neod\u00adpov\u00edd\u00e1, i kdy\u017e \u0159eka tehdy nebyla tak regulovan\u00e1.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">3) 1 pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1rka (ligne) = 2,256 mm [9]; v den\u00edku je v\u0161ak uveden rozd\u00edl 1,6 [7].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">4) 1 pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 &#8211; kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 &#8211; stopa (pied du roi) = 0,3248 m [9].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">5) 1 pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fd palec (pouce) = 27,07 mm [9].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">6) V klasick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci Luke Howarda (1772-1864) o klimatu Lond\u00fdna z r. 1833 se konstatuje, \u017ee v klimatu m\u011bsta hraje vel\u00adkou roli um\u011bl\u00e9 teplo, podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 budovami (z\u00e1stavbou), nakupen\u00edm obyvatelstva a spalov\u00e1n\u00edm ohromn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva; proto nelze ztoto\u017e\u0148ovat teplotu vzduchu ve m\u011bst\u011b s teplotou \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho okol\u00ed. Strnad\u016fv post\u0159eh o ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bst\u00adsk\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f teploty vzduchu je tedy o p\u016fl stolet\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1352\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1352\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Literatura<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1352\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1352\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[1] Anonym: Anton Strnad, k. Astronom. Abhandlungen der koniglichen Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 1802-1804, s. 42-49. Prag 1804.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[2] \u010c\u00e1rek, J. etai: Ulicemi m\u011bsta Prahy od 14. stolet\u00ed do dne\u0161\u00adka, s. 361. Praha, Orbis 1958.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[3] Ephemerides Societatis meteorologica Palatina. Observa-tiones a. 1781. Mannheim\u016f 1783.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[4] Fric, C. &#8211; Pe\u0159ina, F. J.: Slav\u00edn, 2. d\u00edl, s. 15-20. F. Bartel. b.d. (1883?).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[5] H\u00e1ufler, V: D\u011bjiny geografie na universit\u011b Karlov\u011b 1348-1967, s. 399-400. Praha, Karlova universita 1967.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[6] Hlav\u00e1\u010d, V.: Tepeln\u00e9 pom\u011bry hl. m\u011bsta Prahy, d\u00edl I, 95 s. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 studie geofysik\u00e1ln\u00ed 8. Praha, St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad statistick\u00fd 1937.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[7] Hlav\u00e1\u010d, V. &#8211; J\u00edrovsk\u00fd, V.: Pozn\u00e1mky z klementinsk\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed 1775-1839. Strojopis. Praha, HM\u00da 1977. 191 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[8] Hor\u00e1k, F, edit.: Knihopis \u010desk\u00fdch a slovensk\u00fdch tisk\u016f od doby nejstar\u0161\u00ed a\u017e do konce 18. stolet\u00ed. D\u00edl II, \u010d\u00e1st 8, s. 162-164. Praha, N\u010cSAV 1965.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[9] Chvojka, M. &#8211; Sk\u00e1la, J: Mal\u00fd slovn\u00edk jednotek m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Praha, Mlad\u00e1 fronta, 278 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[10] Kr\u0161ka, K.: O psan\u00ed u\u010debnic, jejich p\u016fvodnosti a n\u00e1rodn\u00edm charakteru na p\u0159\u00edkladech z meteorologie. In: Sborn\u00edk CES-DEF &#8217;91, 27.-29.9.1991, \u0160lapanice u Brna, s. 215-220. Lip\u00adtovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161 1991.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[11] Kr\u0161ka, K.: Meteorologie v pra\u017esk\u00e9m Klementinu. In: Kr\u0161ka, K. &#8211; \u0160amaj, F.: Kapitoly z d\u011bjin meteorologie v \u010des\u00adk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a na Slovensku. Meteorol. Zpr., p\u0159\u00edloha ro\u010d. 49, 1996, \u011b. 4, s. 61-65.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[12] Mal\u00e1 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 encyklopedie, d\u00edl 5. 898 s. Praha, Academia 1987.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[13] Munzar, J: Medardova k\u00e1p\u011b aneb pranostiky o\u010dima mete\u00adorologa, s. 18-19. Praha, Horizont 1984.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[14] Munzar, J: Strnad Anton\u00edn. In: Mal\u00fd pr\u016fvodce meteorolo\u00adgi\u00ed, s. 174-175. Praha, Mlad\u00e1 fronta 1989.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[15] Munzar, J: Kdy se vlastn\u011b narodil? (Po stop\u00e1ch \u017eivota a d\u00edla zachr\u00e1nce starom\u011bstsk\u00e9ho orloje profesora Anton\u00edna Strna\u00adda). In: Munzar, J. &#8211; Pejml, K. &#8211; Kr\u0161ka, K.: Meteorologie skoro detektivn\u00ed, s. 81-98. Praha, Horizont 1990.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[16] Nov\u00fd, L. a kol: D\u011bjiny exaktn\u00edch v\u011bd v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch do konce 19. stolet\u00ed, s. 412-413. Praha, N\u010cSAV 1961.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[17] Ott\u016fv slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd, 24. d\u00edl, s. 256-257. Praha 1906.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[18] Pejml, K.: 200 let meteorologick\u00e9 observato\u0159e v pra\u017esk\u00e9m Klementinu, s. 37-42. Praha, Hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav 1975.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[19] Pejml, K.: Pozn\u00e1mky k v\u00fdvoji \u010desk\u00e9 meteorologie od nej-star\u0161\u00edch dob do roku 1919. D\u011bjiny v\u011bd a techniky, 18, 1985, \u010d. 4, s. 243.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[20] Pelzel, F. M.: Boehmische, mahrische und schlesische Gelehrte und Schriftsteller aus dem Orden der Jesuiten, s. 291. Prag 1786.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[21] Poli\u0161ensk\u00fd, O.: Odpov\u011b\u010f na dotaz J. Munzara ohledn\u011b data narozen\u00ed Ant. Strnada. Archiv Karlovy univerzity 1988.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[22] Seydl, O.: Knihovna astronoma Anton\u00edna Strnada, \u0159editele pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny (1746-1799). Publikace pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bz\u00add\u00e1rny \u010d. 13, Praha 1939. 78 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[23] Seydl, O.: V\u011bdeck\u00e1 a buditelsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho astro\u00adnoma Anton\u00edna Strnada (K 200. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed jeho narozenin). \u0158\u00ed\u0161e hv\u011bzd, 28, 1141, \u010d. 7-9, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed otisk, 11 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[24] Seydl, O.: Meteorologie v ro\u010denk\u00e1ch astronoma Anton\u00edna Strnada. Meteorol. Zpr., 3, 1949, \u011b. 1, s. 3-7.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[25] Seydl, O.: Meteorologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy star\u00fdch kronik. Meteorol. Zpr., 6, 1953, \u011b. 2, s. 57-60.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[26] Seydl. O.: Mannheimsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost meteorologick\u00e1 (1780-1799). Meteorol. Zpr., 7, 1954, \u011b. 1, s. 4-11.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[27] Seydl. O.: Meteorologie na pra\u017esk\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rn\u011b v Praze-Klementinu (1752-1940). In: Sborn\u00edk prac\u00ed HM\u00da \u010cSSR, sv. 1, s. 7-34.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[28] Schuster, R: \u017divot a d\u00edlo astronoma Anton\u00edna Strnada. \u0158\u00ed\u0161e hv\u011bzd, 12, 1931, \u011b. 6, s. 97-107.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[29] Schuster, F: Krajinsk\u00e9 museum v Kralupech n. Vit. pam\u00e1t\u00adce \u010desk\u00e9ho astronoma, univ. profesora dr. Anton\u00edna Strnada, rod\u00e1ka n\u00e1chodsk\u00e9ho. Spole\u010dnost krajinsk\u00e9ho muzea v Kralupech n. Vit. 1935. 13 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[30] Slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd, redakto\u0159i F. L. Rieger &#8211; J. Mal\u00fd, d\u00edl 8, s. 1073. Praha 1870.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[31] Slechtov\u00e1, A.: St\u00e1tn\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u00e1rna &#8211; Invent\u00e1\u0159 archivn\u00edho fon\u00addu. Praha, \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed archiv \u010cSAV 1981. 202 s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">[32] Volf, M.: Organizace a p\u016fsoben\u00ed Vlastenecko-hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Praha, \u00daVTEI \u010cSAZV 1961. 135 s.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anton\u00edn Strnad 1746\u20131799 Anton\u00edn Strnad (10. srpen 1746 N\u00e1chod \u2013 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1799 Sazen\u00e1) byl \u010desk\u00fd vlastenec, meteorolog, geograf, profesor a rektor Univerzity Karlo-Ferdinandovy a \u0159editel hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny v Klementinu. Za\u010dal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1008","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1008"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15765,"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1008\/revisions\/15765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cmes.cz\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}